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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheet_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Sheet metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheet_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crimp (joining)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_per_plegament_de_xapa" title="Unió per plegament de xapa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unió per plegament de xapa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimpovac%C3%AD_kle%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Krimpovací kleště – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krimpovací kleště" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimpen" title="Crimpen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Crimpen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimpadora" title="Crimpadora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crimpadora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katigatzeko_erreminta" title="Katigatzeko erreminta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katigatzeko erreminta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertissage" title="Sertissage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sertissage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimpatura" title="Crimpatura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crimpatura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimpen_(elektrotechniek)" title="Krimpen (elektrotechniek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krimpen (elektrotechniek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A7%E7%9D%80%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="圧着工具 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="圧着工具" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81belskoch-_of_Crimptang" title="Kābelskoch- of Crimptang – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kābelskoch- of Crimptang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimpagem" title="Crimpagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crimpagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertizare_(%C3%AEmbinare)" title="Sertizare (îmbinare) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sertizare (îmbinare)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" 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.ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Crimp_(joining)" title="Special:EditPage/Crimp (joining)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Crimp%22+joining">"Crimp" joining</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Crimp%22+joining+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Crimp%22+joining&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Crimp%22+joining+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Crimp%22+joining">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Crimp%22+joining&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Crimp Tool For Bootlace Ferrules" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg/220px-Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg/330px-Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg/440px-Crimp_Tool_For_Bootlace_Ferrules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3928" data-file-height="3903" /></a><figcaption>Crimp tool for 0.14 mm<sup>2</sup> to 10 mm<sup>2</sup> (26–8 <a href="/wiki/American_Wire_Gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="American Wire Gauge">AWG</a>) insulated and non-insulated <a href="/wiki/Ferrule" title="Ferrule">ferrules</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Crimping</b> is a method of joining two or more pieces of <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">ductile</a> material by <a href="/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)" title="Deformation (engineering)">deforming</a> one or both of them to hold the other. The bend or deformity is called the <b>crimp</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Crimping tools</b> are used to create crimps. </p><p>Crimping is used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>, including to contain <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(weaponry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartridge (weaponry)">cartridge cases</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Crimp_connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimp connection">electrical connections</a>, and for securing lids on <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">metal food cans</a>. Because it can be a cold-working technique, crimping can also be used to form a strong bond between the workpiece and a non-metallic component. It is also used to connect two pieces of food <a href="/wiki/Dough" title="Dough">dough</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>crimping tool</b> or <b>crimp tool</b> is used to create crimps. Crimping tools range in size from small handheld devices, to benchtop machines used for industrial purposes, to large fully-automatic wire processing machines for high-volume production.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For electrical crimps, a wide variety of crimping tools exist, and they are generally designed for a specific type and size of terminal. Handheld tools (sometimes called <i>crimping pliers</i>) are common. These often use a ratcheting mechanism to ensure sufficient crimping force has been applied. Apart from handheld tools, crimping tools can also include sophisticated electrically powered hydraulic types and battery operated tools that cover the entire size range and type of conductors, designed for mass production operations.<sup id="cite_ref-molex_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molex-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Klein modular connector crimpers"><img alt="Klein modular connector crimpers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg/99px-Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg/149px-Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg/198px-Klein_modular_plug_crimper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Klein_Tools" title="Klein Tools">Klein</a> <a href="/wiki/Modular_connector" title="Modular connector">modular connector</a> crimpers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Klein Journeyman crimpers"><img alt="Klein Journeyman crimpers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg/77px-Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg/116px-Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg/154px-Klein_Journeyman_crimpers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Klein_Tools" title="Klein Tools">Klein</a> Journeyman crimpers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Crimping pliers, which can also strip and cut wire"><img alt="Crimping pliers, which can also strip and cut wire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png/61px-Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png/91px-Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png/122px-Pliers_crimp_01CJC.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="757" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crimping pliers, which can also strip and cut wire</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimper_HDF200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crimping tool for F connectors and other hexagonal connectors"><img alt="Crimping tool for F connectors and other hexagonal connectors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Crimper_HDF200.jpg/60px-Crimper_HDF200.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Crimper_HDF200.jpg/91px-Crimper_HDF200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Crimper_HDF200.jpg/121px-Crimper_HDF200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crimping tool for <a href="/wiki/F_connector" title="F connector">F connectors</a> and other hexagonal connectors</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electrical_crimp">Electrical crimp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Electrical crimp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg/170px-Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg/255px-Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg/340px-Commutateur-diseqc4x1-switch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/F_connector" title="F connector">F connectors</a> crimped on to <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a>. The bottom middle cable is missing its crimping collar.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimping_tool_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Crimping_tool_04.jpg/220px-Crimping_tool_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Crimping_tool_04.jpg/330px-Crimping_tool_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Crimping_tool_04.jpg/440px-Crimping_tool_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="2152" /></a><figcaption>A wire and connector in a crimping tool</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>electrical crimp</b> is a type of solderless <a href="/wiki/Electrical_connector" title="Electrical connector">electrical connection</a> which uses physical pressure to join the contacts. Crimp connectors are typically used to <a href="/wiki/Electrical_termination" title="Electrical termination">terminate</a> stranded wire.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stripped wire is inserted through the correctly sized opening of the connector, and a crimper is used to tightly squeeze the opening against the wire. Depending on the type of connector used, it may be attached to a metal plate by a separate screw or bolt or it could be simply screwed on using the connector itself to make the attachment like an <a href="/wiki/F_connector" title="F connector">F connector</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg/220px-Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg/330px-Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg/440px-Kabelschuh_detailfoto_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of two ring-tongue terminals before (left) and after (right) crimping<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The benefits of crimping over <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wire_wrap" title="Wire wrap">wire wrapping</a> include: </p> <ul><li>A well-engineered and well-executed crimp is designed to be gas-tight, which prevents oxygen and moisture from reaching the metals (which are often different metals) and causing corrosion</li> <li>Because no alloy is used (as in solder) the joint is mechanically stronger<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crimped connections can be used for cables of both small and large cross-sections, whereas only small cross-section wires can be used with wire wrapping<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-molex_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molex-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Crimping is normally performed by first inserting the terminal into the <a href="/wiki/Crimp_(electrical)#Tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimp (electrical)">crimp tool</a>. The terminal must be placed into the appropriately sized crimp barrel. The wire is then inserted into the terminal with the end of the wire flush with the exit of the terminal to maximize cross-sectional contact. Finally, the handles of the crimp tool are used to compress and reshape the terminal until it is <a href="/wiki/Cold_welding" title="Cold welding">cold-welded</a> onto the wire.<sup id="cite_ref-molex_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molex-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resulting connection may appear loose at the edges of the terminal, but this is desirable so as to not have sharp edges that could cut the outer strands of the wire. If executed properly, the middle of the crimp will be swaged or cold-formed. </p><p>More specialized crimp connectors are also used, for example as <a href="/wiki/RF_connector" title="RF connector">signal connectors</a> on <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cables</a> in applications at high radio frequencies (<a href="/wiki/VHF" class="mw-redirect" title="VHF">VHF</a>, <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a>) (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#Specialized_crimp_connectors">below</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title=" (2024-06-16)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup></span>). These often require specialised crimping tools to form the proper crimp.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crimped contacts are permanent (i.e. the connectors and wire ends cannot be reused).<sup id="cite_ref-crimp-vs-solder_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crimp-vs-solder-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theory">Theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crimp-on connectors are attached by inserting the stripped end of a <a href="/wiki/Stranded_wire" class="mw-redirect" title="Stranded wire">stranded wire</a> into a portion of the connector, which is then mechanically deformed by compressing (<i>crimping</i>) it tightly around the wire.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crimping is usually accomplished with special crimping tool such as <a href="/wiki/Pliers#Crimping_pliers" title="Pliers">crimping pliers</a>. A key idea behind crimped connectors is that the finished connection should be <i>gas-tight</i>. </p><p>Effective crimp connections deform the metal of the connector past its <a href="/wiki/Yield_(engineering)" title="Yield (engineering)">yield point</a> so that the compressed wire causes <a href="/wiki/Tension_(physics)" title="Tension (physics)">tension</a> in the surrounding connector, and these forces counter each other to create a high degree of <a href="/wiki/Static_friction" class="mw-redirect" title="Static friction">static friction</a> which holds the cable in place. Due to the elastic nature of the metal in crimped connections, they are highly resistant to <a href="/wiki/Vibration" title="Vibration">vibration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_shock" title="Thermal shock">thermal shock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two main classes of wire crimps exist:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Closed barrel</i> crimps have a cylindrical opening for a wire, and the crimping tool deforms the originally circular cross section of the terminal into some other shape. This method of crimping is less resilient to vibration.</li> <li><i>Open barrel</i> crimps have "ears" of metal that are shaped like a V or U, and the crimp terminal bends and folds them over the wire prior to swaging the wire to the terminal. Open-barrel terminals are claimed to be easier to automate because of avoiding the need to funnel stranded wire into the narrow opening of a barrel terminal.</li></ul> <p>In addition to their shape, crimped connectors can also be characterized by their insulation (insulated or non-insulated), and whether they crimp onto the conductor(s) of a wire (<i>wire crimp</i>) or its insulation (<i>insulation crimp</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shapes">Shapes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shapes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>C crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:0a_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>D crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:1a_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_crimp" title="F crimp">F crimp</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0a_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1a_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a.k.a. B crimp)</li> <li>O crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>W crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Overlap/OVL crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Oval (confined) crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Four-Mandrel crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mandrel (crescent) crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mandrel crimp-narrow (indented)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hexagonal crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mandrel (indent) crimp</li> <li>Square crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Trapezoidal crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Trapezoidal indent crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Trapezoidal crimp front<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tyco crimp<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Western crimp</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applications">Applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg/220px-Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg/330px-Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg/440px-Kabelschuh_verschiedene_commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blade_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Blade connector">Blade connectors</a> (bottom), <a href="/wiki/Electrical_connector#Ring_and_spade_connector" title="Electrical connector">ring and spade connectors</a> (top), and bullet connectors (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>Crimped connections are common alternatives to soldered connections. There are complex considerations for determining which method is appropriate – crimp connections are sometimes preferred for these reasons: </p> <ul><li>Easier, cheaper, or faster to reproduce reliably in large-scale production</li> <li>Fewer dangerous or harmful processes involved in termination (soldered connections require aggressive cleaning, high heat, and possibly toxic solders)</li> <li>Potentially superior mechanical characteristics due to strain relief and lack of solder wicking</li></ul> <p>Crimped connectors fulfill numerous uses, including termination of wires to <a href="/wiki/Screw_terminal" title="Screw terminal">screw terminals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_connector#Blade_connectors" title="Electrical connector">blade terminals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_connector#Ring_and_spade_connectors" title="Electrical connector">ring/spade terminals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_splice" title="Line splice">wire splices</a>, or various combinations of these. A tube-shaped connector with two crimps for splicing wires in-line is called a <i>butt splice</i> connector. </p><p>Single-wire crimp terminals include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blade_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Blade connector">Blade</a> or <i>quick disconnect</i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Faston_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Faston connector">Faston</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lucar" title="Lucar">Lucar</a>)</li> <li>Bullet (e.g. Shur-Plug)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_splice" title="Line splice">Butt splice</a></li> <li>Flag tongue</li> <li>Rectangular tongue</li> <li>Hook tongue</li> <li>Spade tongue (<i>flanged</i>, <i>short spring</i>, <i>long spring</i>)</li> <li>Ring tongue (<i>slotted</i>, <i>offset</i>)</li> <li>Multiple stud</li> <li>Packard 56</li> <li>Pin (SAE/J928)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wire pin</li></ul> <p>Crimping is also a common technique to join wires to a multipin connector, such as in <a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex connectors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Modular_connector" title="Modular connector">modular connectors</a>. </p><p>Circular connectors using crimp contacts can be classified as <i>rear release</i> or <i>front release</i>, referring to the side of the connector where the pins are anchored:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Front release contacts</b> are released from the front (contact side) of the connector, and removed from the rear. The removal tool engages with the front portion of the contact and pushes it through to the back of the connector.</li> <li><b>Rear release contacts</b> are released and removed from the rear (wire side) of the connector. The removal tool releases the contacts from the rear and pulls the contact out of the retainer.</li></ul> <p>Crimp connections are used typically to attach RF connectors, such as <a href="/wiki/BNC_connector" title="BNC connector">BNC connectors</a>, to coaxial cables<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quickly, as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">soldered</a> connections. Typically the male connector is crimp-fitted to a cable, and the female attached, often using soldered connections, to a panel on equipment. A special power or manual tool<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used to fit the connector. <a href="/wiki/Wire_stripper" title="Wire stripper">Wire strippers</a> which strip outer jacket, shield braid, and inner insulation to the correct lengths in one operation<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are used to prepare the cable for crimping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quality">Quality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A crimped connection will only be reliable if a number of criteria are met: </p> <ul><li>All strands have been deformed enough to cold-flow into the terminal body<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The compression force is not too light, nor too strong<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The connector body is not overly deformed</li> <li>Wires must be in solid working condition, cannot have scrapes, nicks, severing or other damages</li> <li>Insulation should not show any signs of pinching, pulling, fraying, discoloration, or charring <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Large voids are not left inside the crimp (caused by not enough wire inside the connector)</li> <li>The wire should have as many strands as possible, so that a few damaged or uninserted wires will not adversely affect the crimp density, and thus degrade the electrical and mechanical properties of the connection.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Micrographs of the crimped connections can be prepared to illustrate good and bad crimps for training and quality assurance purposes. The assembled connection is cut in cross-section, polished and washed in nitric acid to dissolve any copper dust that may be filling voids leading to a false indication of a good crimp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminal_insulation_colors">Terminal insulation colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Terminal insulation colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Standard <a href="/wiki/FASTON_terminal" title="FASTON terminal">FASTON terminal</a> colors<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Insulation color </th> <th>Wire gauge (<a href="/wiki/American_wire_gauge" title="American wire gauge">AWG</a>) </th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td>Yellow </td> <td>26–22 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transparent </td> <td>24–20 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Red </td> <td>22–18 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blue </td> <td>16–14 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yellow/Black </td> <td>16–14 </td> <td>Heavy duty </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yellow </td> <td>12–10 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Red </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blue </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yellow </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Red </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blue </td> <td>1/0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yellow </td> <td>2/0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Red </td> <td>3/0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blue </td> <td>4/0 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimped_hose_ends.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimped_hose_ends.JPG/220px-Crimped_hose_ends.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimped_hose_ends.JPG/330px-Crimped_hose_ends.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimped_hose_ends.JPG/440px-Crimped_hose_ends.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption> Crimped connectors on hydraulic hose</figcaption></figure> <p>Crimping is most extensively used in <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>. Crimping is commonly used to fix <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullets</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(weaponry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartridge (weaponry)">cartridge cases</a>, for rapid but lasting <a href="/wiki/Crimp_connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimp connection">electrical connections</a>, for securing lids on <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">metal food cans</a>, and for many other applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bullets">Bullets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bullets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Case_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Case mouth">Case mouth</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canning">Canning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Canning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans#Fabrication_of_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans § Fabrication of cans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewelry">Jewelry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jewelry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In jewelry manufacture, <b>crimp beads</b>, or <b>crimp tubes</b>, are used to make secure joints in fine wire, such as used in clasps or tie loops. A crimped lead (or other soft metal) seal is attached to secure wires used to secure fasteners in aircraft, or to provide visual evidence of tampering when securing a utility meter or as a seal on cargo containers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plumbing">Plumbing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Plumbing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbing</a>, there is a trend in some jurisdictions towards the use of crimped fittings to join metallic pipes, replacing the traditional <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> or "sweating" of joints. This trend is driven in part by increased restrictions or bans of processes involving open flames, which may now require costly special permits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sheet_metal">Sheet metal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sheet metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When joining segments of tubular sheet metal pipe, such as for smoke pipes for wood stoves, downspouts for rain gutters, or for installation of ventilation ducting, one end of a tube is treated with a crimping tool to make a slip joint into the next section of duct. The joint will not be liquid-tight but will be adequate for conveying low pressure fluids. Crimp joints may be arranged to prevent accumulation of dirt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crimping is often used around the edges of <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filled_pasta" title="Filled pasta">filled pasta</a> like <a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">ravioli</a> to seal the insides by connecting the top and bottom dough layers. This can be done with fingers, a fork, or a crimping tool. A jagging iron, also known as a crimping wheel, or jagger, consists of a handle and a wheel with a wavy pattern. There are also crimping tongs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The technique of <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldering</a> wires has remained common for at least a century, however crimp terminals came into use in the middle of the 20th century. In 1953, AMP Incorporated (now <a href="/wiki/TE_Connectivity" title="TE Connectivity">TE Connectivity</a>) introduced <b>crimp barrel terminals</b>, and in 1957 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannon_Brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannon Brothers (page does not exist)">Cannon Brothers</a> experimented with machined contacts integrating crimp barrels.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s, several standards for crimp connectors were published, including MS3191-1, MS3191-4 and MIL-T-22520. In 2010, the predominant standard for crimp connectors changed to MIL-DTL-22520.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimp_(joining)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/crimp.htm">"What is a Crimping Tool?"</a>. <i>www.computerhope.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.computerhope.com&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Crimping+Tool%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhope.com%2Fjargon%2Fc%2Fcrimp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.woodsmith.com/review/use-of-crimping-tool">"What Is a Crimping Tool Used For? - Woodsmith Guides"</a>. <i>Woodsmith</i>. 2022-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Woodsmith&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Crimping+Tool+Used+For%3F+-+Woodsmith+Guides&rft.date=2022-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodsmith.com%2Freview%2Fuse-of-crimping-tool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-molex-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-molex_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-molex_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-molex_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shearwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/qual_crimp.pdf"><i>Quality Crimping Handbook</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Molex Application Tooling Group. 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818182409/https://www.shearwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/qual_crimp.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quality+Crimping+Handbook&rft.pub=Molex+Application+Tooling+Group&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shearwater.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F08%2Fqual_crimp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazda2013" class="citation book cs1">Mazda, F. F. (2013-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aN0gBQAAQBAJ&dq=Crimp+connectors+are+typically+used+to+terminate+stranded+wire&pg=SA18-PA4"><i>Electronics Engineer's Reference Book</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483161068" title="Special:BookSources/9781483161068"><bdi>9781483161068</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122144029/https://books.google.com/books?id=aN0gBQAAQBAJ&pg=SA18-PA4&dq=Crimp+connectors+are+typically+used+to+terminate+stranded+wire&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWvb_x5evYAhUQ9mMKHTvuBfgQ6AEIQjAE#v=onepage&q=Crimp%20connectors%20are%20typically%20used%20to%20terminate%20stranded%20wire&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronics+Engineer%27s+Reference+Book&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2013-10-22&rft.isbn=9781483161068&rft.aulast=Mazda&rft.aufirst=F.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaN0gBQAAQBAJ%26dq%3DCrimp%2Bconnectors%2Bare%2Btypically%2Bused%2Bto%2Bterminate%2Bstranded%2Bwire%26pg%3DSA18-PA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jameco.com/z/326875-TE-Connectivity-Ring-Tongue-Terminal-22-26AWG-18-8mm-6-35mm-Tin-Loose-Piece_843139.html">"Jameco Catalog"</a>. <i>jameco.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081711/https://www.jameco.com/z/326875-TE-Connectivity-Ring-Tongue-Terminal-22-26AWG-18-8mm-6-35mm-Tin-Loose-Piece_843139.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jameco.com&rft.atitle=Jameco+Catalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jameco.com%2Fz%2F326875-TE-Connectivity-Ring-Tongue-Terminal-22-26AWG-18-8mm-6-35mm-Tin-Loose-Piece_843139.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.bqcable.com/page/2383/crimped-joints">"Crimped Joints"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122144030/https://en.bqcable.com/page/2383/crimped-joints">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crimped+Joints&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.bqcable.com%2Fpage%2F2383%2Fcrimped-joints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maunindustries.com/crimping-tool-for-n-type-coaxial-cable-connectors/">"Crimping Tool For N Type Coaxial Cable Connectors"</a>. <i>maunindustries.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830190043/https://www.maunindustries.com/crimping-tool-for-n-type-coaxial-cable-connectors/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maunindustries.com&rft.atitle=Crimping+Tool+For+N+Type+Coaxial+Cable+Connectors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maunindustries.com%2Fcrimping-tool-for-n-type-coaxial-cable-connectors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crimp-vs-solder-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crimp-vs-solder_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avielelectronics.com/Downloads/Catalog/Ref-Crimp-vs-Solder.pdf">"Crimp vs. Solder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Aviel Electronics Catalog</i>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226040753/http://avielelectronics.com/Downloads/Catalog/Ref-Crimp-vs-Solder.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crimp+vs.+Solder&rft.btitle=Aviel+Electronics+Catalog&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avielelectronics.com%2FDownloads%2FCatalog%2FRef-Crimp-vs-Solder.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott,_Brian2007" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Brian (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electromechanica00elli"><i>Electromechanical devices & components illustrated sourcebook</i></a></span>. McGraw-Hill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electromechanica00elli/page/n188">151</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-147752-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-147752-9"><bdi>978-0-07-147752-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electromechanical+devices+%26+components+illustrated+sourcebook&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-07-147752-9&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felectromechanica00elli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701075755/http://www.rfcoaxconnectors.com/technical-crimp-vs-solder.php">"Crimp vs Solder: Pros and Cons"</a>. <i>RF Connectors</i>. 1 December 2004. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RF+Connectors&rft.atitle=Crimp+vs+Solder%3A+Pros+and+Cons&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfcoaxconnectors.com%2Ftechnical-crimp-vs-solder.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXJ4EverSchmuckatelli_Heavy_Industries" class="citation web cs1">XJ4Ever; Schmuckatelli Heavy Industries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xj4ever.com/crimping%20my%20style.pdf">"You're, like, crimping my style, man"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221153040/http://www.xj4ever.com/crimping%20my%20style.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You%27re%2C+like%2C+crimping+my+style%2C+man&rft.au=XJ4Ever&rft.au=Schmuckatelli+Heavy+Industries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xj4ever.com%2Fcrimping%2520my%2520style.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702004747/http://tooling.te.com/pdf/US_crimpposter.pdf">"Crimp Quality Guidelines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TE Connectivity Application Tooling</i>. May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tooling.te.com/pdf/US_crimpposter.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TE+Connectivity+Application+Tooling&rft.atitle=Crimp+Quality+Guidelines&rft.date=2011-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftooling.te.com%2Fpdf%2FUS_crimpposter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0a-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0a_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0a_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hnsa.org/doc/cabling/part4.htm">"Electronic Installation Practices Manual"</a>. NAVSHIPS 900171 (U.S. Navy). 23 May 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713012815/http://archive.hnsa.org/doc/cabling/part4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronic+Installation+Practices+Manual&rft.pub=NAVSHIPS+900171+%28U.S.+Navy%29&rft.date=1952-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.hnsa.org%2Fdoc%2Fcabling%2Fpart4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1a-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1a_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1a_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714005153/http://www.ttiinc.com/docs/io/15979/apex_2.8mm_terminal_crimp_guidelines_ver_10.2.pdf">"2.8 mm Apex Terminal Crimp Guidelines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ttiinc.com/docs/io/15979/apex_2.8mm_terminal_crimp_guidelines_ver_10.2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2.8+mm+Apex+Terminal+Crimp+Guidelines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttiinc.com%2Fdocs%2Fio%2F15979%2Fapex_2.8mm_terminal_crimp_guidelines_ver_10.2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knipex.com/index.php?id=1216&L=1&page=groups&groupID=1646">"Crimp symbols"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712205800/http://www.knipex.com/index.php?id=1216&L=1&page=groups&groupID=1646">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crimp+symbols&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knipex.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D1216%26L%3D1%26page%3Dgroups%26groupID%3D1646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rennsteig.us/index.php/service/general-info/32-forms-of-crimping">"Forms of Crimping"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117001431/https://www.rennsteig.us/index.php/service/general-info/32-forms-of-crimping">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forms+of+Crimping&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rennsteig.us%2Findex.php%2Fservice%2Fgeneral-info%2F32-forms-of-crimping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weidmuller.com/bausteine.net/f/7862/Weidmuller_Ferrules_White_Paper.pdf">"Ferrules: Your Best Insurance Against Costly Connection Failure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033454/http://www.weidmuller.com/bausteine.net/f/7862/Weidmuller_Ferrules_White_Paper.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferrules%3A+Your+Best+Insurance+Against+Costly+Connection+Failure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weidmuller.com%2Fbausteine.net%2Ff%2F7862%2FWeidmuller_Ferrules_White_Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.sae.org/j928_201011/">"Electrical Terminals - Pin and Receptacle Type"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712205903/http://standards.sae.org/j928_201011/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electrical+Terminals+-+Pin+and+Receptacle+Type&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.sae.org%2Fj928_201011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorley2018" class="citation web cs1">Worley, Jon (31 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nykcs.com/circular-connector-terminology-guide/">"Circular Connector Terminology Guide"</a>. <i>NYK Component Solutions</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626075227/https://www.nykcs.com/circular-connector-terminology-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1697038.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Typical+manual+crimp+tool+for+fitting+BNC+and+other+coaxial+connectors+to+cables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farnell.com%2Fdatasheets%2F1697038.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrimp+%28joining%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029141559/http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/6292.pdf">"Typical coax one-operation stripper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Fabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece_work" title="Piece work">Piece work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_metal" title="Sheet metal">Sheet metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forming processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coining_(metalworking)" title="Coining (metalworking)">Coining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting (metalworking)">Casting (metalworking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrohydraulic_forming" title="Electrohydraulic forming">Electrohydraulic forming</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_bending" title="Tube bending">Tube bending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joining processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">Brazing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">Riveting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Finishing processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anodizing" title="Anodizing">Anodizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galvanization" title="Galvanization">Galvanizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_treating" title="Heat treating">Heat treating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_finishing" title="Mass finishing">Mass finishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patina" title="Patina">Patination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peening" title="Peening">Peening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">Casting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Fabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forming_processes" title="Forming processes">Forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machining" 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