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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Sound Comparisons...</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="description" content="Sound Comparisons – Exploring Diversity in Phonetics across Language Families – Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena/Germany"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sound Comparisons, Phonetics, Heggarty, Languages, Sound"> <meta name="author" content="Paul Heggarty et al."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="publisher" content="eva.mpg.de" /> <meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" /> <!-- For IE 9 and below. 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LATIN SMALL LETTER P">p</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="b" description="U+0062 : Voiced bilabial plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER B">b</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="t" description="U+0074 : Voiceless alveolar plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER T">t</td> <td class="hbs" unicode="d" description="U+0064 : Voiced alveolar plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER D">d</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr" unicode="ʈ" description="U+0288 : Voiceless retroflex plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK">ʈ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɖ" description="U+0256 : Voiced retroflex plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL">ɖ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="ɟ" description="U+025F : Voiced palatal plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE">c</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɟ" description="U+025F : Voiced palatal plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE">ɟ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="k" description="U+006B : Voiceless velar plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER K">k</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɡ" description="U+0261 : Voiced velar plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G">ɡ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="q" description="U+0071 : Voiceless uvular plosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER Q">q</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɢ" description="U+0262 : Voiced uvular plosive - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G">ɢ</td> <td></td><td class="impossible"></td> <td unicode="ʔ" description="U+0294 : Voiceless glottal plosive - LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP">ʔ</td> <td class="impossible"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Nasal</th> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="m" description="U+006D : Voiced bilabial nasal - LATIN SMALL LETTER M">m</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɱ" description="U+0271 : Voiced labiodental nasal - LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK">ɱ</td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="n" description="U+006E : Voiced alveolar nasal - LATIN SMALL LETTER N">n</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɳ" description="U+0273 : Voiced retroflex nasal - LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK">ɳ</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɲ" description="U+0272 : Voiced palatal nasal - LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK">ɲ</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ŋ" description="U+014B : Voiced velar nasal - LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG">ŋ</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɴ" description="U+0274 : Voiced uvular nasal - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N">ɴ</td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Trill</th> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʙ" description="U+0299 : Voiced bilabial trill - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B">ʙ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="r" description="U+0072 : Voiced alveolar trill - LATIN SMALL LETTER R">r</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʀ" description="U+0280 : Voiced uvular trill - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R">ʀ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Tap or Flap</th> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ⱱ" description="U+2C71 : Voiced labiodental flap - LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK">ⱱ</td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="ɾ" description="U+027E : Voiced alveolar flap - LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK">ɾ</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɽ" description="U+027D : Voiced retroflex flap - LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL">ɽ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Fricative</th> <td class="hbr" unicode="ɸ" description="U+0278 : Voiceless bilabial fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI">ɸ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="β" description="U+03B2 : Voiced bilabial fricative - GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA">β</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="f" description="U+0066 : Voiceless labiodental fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER F">f</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="v" description="U+0076 : Voiced labiodental fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER V">v</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="θ" description="U+03B8 : Voiceless dental fricative - GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA">θ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ð" description="U+00F0 : Voiced dental fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH">ð</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="s" description="U+0073 : Voiceless alveolar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER S">s</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="z" description="U+007A : Voiced alveolar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER Z">z</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="ʃ" description="U+0283 : Voiceless postalveolar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH">ʃ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʒ" description="U+0292 : Voiced postalveolar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH">ʒ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="ʂ" description="U+0282 : Voiceless retroflex fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK">ʂ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʐ" description="U+0290 : Voiced retroflex fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK">ʐ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="ç" description="U+00E7 : Voiceless palatal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA">ç</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʝ" description="U+029D : Voiceless palatal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL">ʝ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="x" description="U+0078 : Voiceless velar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER X">x</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɣ" description="U+0263 : Voiced velar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA">ɣ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="χ" description="U+03C7 : Voiceless uvular fricative - GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI">χ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʁ" description="U+0281 : Voiced uvular fricative - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R">ʁ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="ħ" description="U+0127 : Voiceless pharyngeal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE">ħ</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʕ" description="U+0295 : Voiced pharyngeal fricative - LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE">ʕ</td> <td class="hbr" unicode="h" description="U+0068 : Voiceless glottal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER H">h</td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɦ" description="U+0266 : Voiced glottal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK">ɦ</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Lateral fricative</th> <td class="impossible" colspan="2"></td> <td class="impossible" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="ɬ" description="U+026C : Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT">ɬ</td> <td class="hbs" unicode="ɮ" description="U+026E : Voiced alveolar lateral fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH">ɮ</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="impossible" colspan="2"></td> <td class="impossible" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Approximant</th> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʋ" description="U+028B : Voiced labiodental approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK">ʋ</td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="ɹ" description="U+0279 : Voiced alveolar approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R">ɹ</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɻ" description="U+027B : Voiced retroflex approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK">ɻ</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="j" description="U+006A : Voiced palatal approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER J">j</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɰ" description="U+0270 : Voiced velar approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG">ɰ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Lateral approximant</th> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> <td class="hbr" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbs"></td> <td class="hbs" unicode="l" description="U+006C : Voiced alveolar lateral approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER L">l</td> <td class="hbl" colspan="2"></td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ɭ" description="U+026D : Voiced retroflex lateral approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK">ɭ</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʎ" description="U+028E : Voiced palatal lateral approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y">ʎ</td> <td class="hbr"></td> <td class="hbl" unicode="ʟ" description="U+029F : Voiced velar lateral approximant - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L">ʟ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" class="impossible"></td> <td class="impossible"></td> <td class="special" unicode="ɫ" description="U+026B : Voiced velarized/pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE">ɫ</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div id="ipaOthers" class="hide"> <div class="pull-left inline"> <h4>Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)</h4> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"><tbody> <tr><th>Ejectives</th> <td unicode="ʼ" description="U+02BC : Ejective - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE">ʼ</td> </tr> <tr><th>Voiced implosives</th> <td unicode="ɓ" description="U+0253 : Voiced bilabial implosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK">ɓ</td> <td unicode="ɗ" description="U+0257 : Voiced alveolar implosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK">ɗ</td> <td unicode="ʄ" description="U+0284 : Voiced palatal implosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK">ʄ</td> <td unicode="ɠ" description="U+0260 : Voiced velar implosive - LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK">ɠ</td> <td unicode="ʛ" description="U+029B : Voiced uvular implosive - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK">ʛ</td> </tr> <tr><th>Clicks</th> <td unicode="ʘ" description="U+0298 : Bilabial click - LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK">ʘ</td> <td unicode="ǀ" description="U+01C0 : Dental click - LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK">ǀ</td> <td unicode="ǃ" description="U+01C3 : (Post)alveolar click - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK">ǃ</td> <td unicode="ǂ" description="U+01C2 : Palatoalveolar click - LATIN LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK">ǂ</td> <td unicode="ǁ" description="U+01C1 : Alveolar lateral click - LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK">ǁ</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="pull-left inline" style="margin-left:100px !important"> <h3>Others</h3> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"> <tbody><tr> <td unicode="ʍ" description="U+028D : Voiceless labial-velar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W">ʍ</td> <td unicode="ʡ" description="U+02A1 : Epiglottal plosive - LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE">ʡ</td> <td unicode="ʬ" description="U+02AC : Bilabial percussive - LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE">ʬ</td> <td unicode="¡" description="U+00A1 : Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive click - INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK">¡</td> <td unicode="w" description="U+0077 : Voiced labial-velar approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER W">w</td> <td unicode="ɕ" description="U+0255 : Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL">ɕ</td> </tr><tr> <td unicode="ʭ" description="U+02AD : Bidental percussive - LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE">ʭ</td> <td unicode="ǃ¡" description="Alveolar and sublaminal click (cluck-click)">ǃ¡</td> <td unicode="ɥ" description="U+0265 : Voiced labial-palatal approximant - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H">ɥ</td> <td unicode="ʑ" description="U+0291 : Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL">ʑ</td> <td unicode="ʪ" description="U+02AA : Voiceless lateralized alveolar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH">ʪ</td> <td unicode="ʜ" description="U+029C : Voiceless epiglottal fricative - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H">ʜ</td> </tr><tr> <td unicode="ɺ" description="U+027A : Voiced alveolar lateral flap - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG">ɺ</td> <td unicode="ʫ" description="U+02AB : Voiced lateralized alveolar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH">ʫ</td> <td unicode="ʢ" description="U+02A2 : Voiced epiglottal fricative - LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE">ʢ</td> <td unicode="ɧ" description="U+0267 : Voiceless simultaneous postalveolar and velar fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK">ɧ</td> <td unicode="ʩ" description="U+02A9 : Velopharyngeal fricative - LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH">ʩ</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="pull-left inline"> <h3>Diacritics</h3> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"> <tbody><tr> <td description="U+0329 : Syllabic - COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW" unicode="̩">◌̩ Syllabic</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+02B0 : Aspirated - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H" unicode="ʰ">◌ʰ Aspirated</td> <td description="U+20ED : Unaspirated - MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED" unicode="⃭">◌˭ Unaspirated</td> <td description="U+02BC : Ejective - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE" unicode="ʼ">◌ʼ Ejective</td> <td description="U+0361 : Affricate or double articulation - COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE" unicode="͡">◌͡ Affricate or double articulation</td> <td description="U+035C : Affricate or double articulation - COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE BELOW" unicode="͜">◌͜ Affricate or double articulation</td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+0303 : Nasalized - COMBINING TILDE" unicode="̃">◌̃ Nasalized</td> <td description="U+02B7 : Labialized - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W" unicode="ʷ">◌ʷ Labialized</td> <td description="U+02B2 : Palatalized - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J" unicode="ʲ">◌ʲ Palatalized</td> <td description="U+02E0 : Velarized - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA" unicode="ˠ">◌ˠ Velarized</td> <td description="U+0334 : Velarized or pharyngealized - COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY" unicode="̴">◌̴ Velarized or pharyngealized</td> <td description="U+02E4 : Pharyngealized - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP" unicode="ˤ">◌ˤ Pharyngealized</td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+0325 : Voiceless - COMBINING RING BELOW" unicode="̥">◌̥ Voiceless</td> <td description="U+02EC : Voicing - MODIFIER LETTER VOICING" unicode="ˬ">ˬ Voicing</td> <td description="U+032C : Voiced - COMBINING CARON BELOW" unicode="̬">◌̬ Voiced</td> <td description="U+0324 : Breathy voiced - COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW" unicode="̤">◌̤ Breathy voiced</td> <td description="U+0330 : Creaky voiced - COMBINING TILDE BELOW" unicode="̰">◌̰ Creaky voiced</td> <td colspan="3"></td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+02D4 : Raised - MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK" unicode="˔">◌˔ Raised</td> <td description="U+031D : Raised - COMBINING UP TACK BELOW" unicode="̝">◌̝ Raised</td> <td description="U+02D5 : Lowered - MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK" unicode="˕">◌˕ Lowered</td> <td description="U+031E : Lowered - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW" unicode="̞">◌̞ Lowered</td> <td></td> <td description="U+0346 : Dentolabial - COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE" unicode="͆">◌͆ Dentolabial</td> <td description="U+033C : Linguolabial - COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW" unicode="̼">◌̼ Linguolabial</td> <td description="U+034D : Labial spreading - COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW" unicode="͍">◌͍ Labial spreading</td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+032A : Dental - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW" unicode="̪">◌̪ Dental</td> <td description="U+0347 : Alveolar - COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW" unicode="͇">◌͇ Alveolar</td> <td description="U+033A : Apical - COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW" unicode="̺">◌̺ Apical</td> <td description="U+033B : Laminal - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW" unicode="̻">◌̻ Laminal</td> <td description="Interdental/bidental" unicode="◌̪͆">◌̪͆ Interdental/bidental</td> <td colspan="3"></td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+031A : No audible release - COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE" unicode="̚">◌̚ No audible release</td> <td description="U+02E1 : Lateral release - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L" unicode="ˡ">◌ˡ Lateral release</td> <td description="U+207F : Nasal release - SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N" unicode="ⁿ">◌ⁿ Nasal release</td> <td description="U+034B : Nasal escape - COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE" unicode="͋">◌͋ Nasal escape</td> <td description="U+034A : Denasal - COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE" unicode="͊">◌͊ Denasal</td> <td description="U+034C : Velopharyngeal friction - COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE" unicode="͌">◌͌ Velopharyngeal friction</td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div id="ipaTone" class="hide"> <h3>Tone</h3> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8">Tones and Word Accents</th> </tr> <tr> <td description="U+030B : Extra high - COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT" unicode="̋" colspan="2">◌̋</td> <td description="U+02E5 : Extra high - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR" unicode="˥" colspan="2">˥</td> <td description="U+030C : Rising - COMBINING CARON" unicode="̌" colspan="2">◌̌</td> <td description="U+2193 : Downstep (ExtIPA: ingressive airflow) - DOWNWARDS ARROW" unicode="↓" colspan="2">↓</td> </tr> <tr> <td description="U+0301 : High - COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT" unicode="́" colspan="2">◌́</td> <td description="U+02E6 : High - MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR" unicode="˦" colspan="2">˦</td> <td description="U+0302 : Falling - COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT" unicode="̂" colspan="2">◌̂</td> <td description="U+2191 : Upstep (ExtIPA: egressive airflow) - UPWARDS ARROW" unicode="↑" colspan="2">↑</td> </tr> <tr> <td description="U+0304 : Mid - COMBINING MACRON" unicode="̄" colspan="2">◌̄</td> <td description="U+02E7 : Mid - MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR" unicode="˧" colspan="2">˧</td> <td description="U+1DC4 : High rising - COMBINING MACRON-ACUTE" unicode="᷄" colspan="2">◌᷄</td> <td description="U+2197 : Global rise - NORTH EAST ARROW" unicode="↗" colspan="2">↗</td> </tr> <tr> <td description="U+0300 : Low - COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT" unicode="̀" colspan="2">◌̀</td> <td description="U+02E8 : Low - MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR" unicode="˨" colspan="2">˨</td> <td description="U+1DC5 : Low rising - COMBINING GRAVE-MACRON" unicode="᷅" colspan="2">◌᷅</td> <td description="U+2198 : Global fall - SOUTH EAST ARROW" unicode="↘" colspan="2">↘</td> </tr> <tr> <td description="U+030F : Extra low - COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT" unicode="̏" colspan="2">◌̏</td> <td description="U+02E9 : Extra low - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR" unicode="˩" colspan="2">˩</td> <td description="U+1DC8 : Rising-falling - COMBINING GRAVE-ACUTE-GRAVE" unicode="᷈" colspan="2">◌᷈</td> <td class="spacer"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div id="ipaVowels" class="hide"> <div class="inline"> <table><tr><td> <h3>Vowels</h3> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"><tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="2">Front</th> <th colspan="2"></th> <th colspan="2">Central</th> <th colspan="2"></th> <th colspan="2">Back</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Close</td> <td description="U+0069 : Close front unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER I" unicode="i">i</td> <td description="U+0079 : Close front rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER Y" unicode="y">y</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+0268 : Close central unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE" unicode="ɨ">ɨ</td> <td description="U+0289 : Close central rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR" unicode="ʉ">ʉ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+026F : Close back unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M" unicode="ɯ">ɯ</td> <td description="U+0075 : Close back rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER U" unicode="u">u</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td><td></td> <td description="U+026A : Near-close near-front unrounded vowel - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I" unicode="ɪ">ɪ</td> <td description="U+028F : Near-close near-front rounded vowel - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y" unicode="ʏ">ʏ</td> <td colspan="4"></td> <td description="U+028A : Near-close near-back rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON" unicode="ʊ">ʊ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Close-mid</td> <td></td> <td description="U+0065 : Close-mid front unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER E" unicode="e">e</td> <td description="U+00F8 : Close-mid front rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE" unicode="ø">ø</td> <td></td> <td description="U+0258 : Close-mid central unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E" unicode="ɘ">ɘ</td> <td description="U+0275 : Close-mid central rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O" unicode="ɵ">ɵ</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+0264 : Close-mid back unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN" unicode="ɤ">ɤ</td> <td description="U+006F : Close-mid back rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER O" unicode="o">o</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td colspan="4"></td> <td colspan="2" description="U+0259 : Mid central vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA" unicode="ə">ə</td> <td colspan="4"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Open-mid</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+025B : Open-mid front unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E" unicode="ɛ">ɛ</td> <td description="U+0153 : Open-mid front rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE" unicode="œ">œ</td> <td></td> <td description="U+025C : Open-mid central unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E" unicode="ɜ">ɜ</td> <td description="U+025E : Open-mid central rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E" unicode="ɞ">ɞ</td> <td></td> <td description="U+028C : Open-mid back unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V" unicode="ʌ">ʌ</td> <td description="U+0254 : Open-mid back rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O" unicode="ɔ">ɔ</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2" description="U+00E6 : Near-open front unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER AE" unicode="æ">æ</td> <td></td> <td colspan="2" description="U+0250 : Near-open central vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A" unicode="ɐ">ɐ</td> <td colspan="3"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Open</td> <td colspan="3"></td> <td description="U+0061 : Open front unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER A" unicode="a">a</td> <td description="U+0276 : Open front rounded vowel - LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE" unicode="ɶ">ɶ</td> <td colspan="3"></td> <td description="U+0251 : Open back unrounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA" unicode="ɑ">ɑ</td> <td description="U+0252 : Open back rounded vowel - LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA" unicode="ɒ">ɒ</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <br> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="9">Suprasegmentals</th> </tr><tr> <td description="U+02C8 : Primary stress - MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE" unicode="ˈ">ˈ</td> <td description="U+02CC : Secondary stress - MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE" unicode="ˌ">ˌ</td> <td description="U+02D0 : Long - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON" unicode="ː"> ◌ː </td> <td description="U+02D1 : Half-long - MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON" unicode="ˑ">◌ˑ</td> <td description="U+0306 : Extra-short - COMBINING BREVE" unicode="̆">◌̆</td> <td description="U+007C : Minor (foot) group - VERTICAL LINE" unicode="|">|</td> <td description="U+2016 : Major (intonation) group - DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE" unicode="‖">‖</td> <td description="U+002E : Syllable break - FULL STOP" unicode=".">.</td> <td description="U+203F : Linking (absence of a break) - UNDERTIE" unicode="‿">‿</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:20px"> <h3>Diacritics</h3> <table class="table table-bordered table-condensed"><tbody> <tr> <td description="U+0303 : Nasalized - COMBINING TILDE" unicode="̃">◌̃ Nasalized</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+02DE : Rhoticity - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK" unicode="˞">◌˞ Rhoticity</td> <td description="U+025A : Mid central vowel with rhoticity - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK" unicode="ɚ">ɚ</td> <td description="U+025D : Open-mid central unrounded vowel with rhoticity - LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK" unicode="ɝ">ɝ</td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+02D4 : Raised - MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK" unicode="˔">◌˔ Raised</td> <td description="U+031D : Raised - COMBINING UP TACK BELOW" unicode="̝">◌̝ Raised</td> <td description="U+02D5 : Lowered - MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK" unicode="˕">◌˕ Lowered</td> <td description="U+031E : Lowered - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW" unicode="̞">◌̞ Lowered</td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+031F : Advanced - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW" unicode="̟">◌̟ Advanced</td> <td description="U+0320 : Retracted - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW" unicode="̠">◌̠ Retracted</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td description="U+0308 : Centralized - COMBINING DIAERESIS" unicode="̈">◌̈ Centralized</td> <td description="U+033D : Mid-centralized - COMBINING X ABOVE" unicode="̽">◌̽ Mid-centralized</td> </tr><tr> <td description="U+0339 : More rounded - COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW" unicode="̹">◌̹ More rounded</td> <td description="U+031C : Less rounded - COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW" unicode="̜">◌̜ Less rounded</td> <td></td> <td description="U+0325 : Voiceless - COMBINING RING BELOW" unicode="̥">◌̥ Voiceless</td> <td description="U+0324 : Breathy voiced - COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW" unicode="̤">◌̤ Breathy voiced</td> <td description="U+0330 : Creaky voiced - COMBINING TILDE BELOW" unicode="̰">◌̰ Creaky voiced</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button data-target="#ipaConsonants" class="btn disabled">Consonants Main</button> <button data-target="#ipaOthers" class="btn">Consonants Other</button> <button data-target="#ipaVowels" class="btn">Vowels</button> <button data-target="#ipaTone" class="btn">Tone</button> </div> </div> <div class="modal hide" id="loadModal" role="dialog" tabindex="-1"> <div class="modal-header" style="border-bottom:0px solid black"> <h3 style="border-bottom:0px solid black"></h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> </div> </div> <div class="modal hide" id="shortLinkModal" role="dialog" tabindex="-1"> </div> <audio id="audioLogic" class="hide"></audio> </body> </html> <!-- Page generated in 0.0485s -->