CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91342efb49a48345',cH: '.k7g.k0BJxyGol9e43D1RnqZQF4YlwNgboi.reKEjbM-1739778595-1.2.1.1-EiWmTaKzXOVJGnMVm6gqas.GFdoK2AfLAzo6U1NybX1Hbn92daNROC9opD.q2dVZ',cUPMDTk: "\/10013073\/empirical-study-from-final-exams-of-computer-science-courses-demystifying-the-notion-of-an-average-software-engineer?__cf_chl_tk=.cN52XVf9qyP98bkkmwaS1RyVPp4cC0LlsEPYrMvcYI-1739778595-1.0.1.1-.c5WztBYBGZUjfIpZMwGtjajXwktb15hY5sD7H4whWI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778595',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013073\/empirical-study-from-final-exams-of-computer-science-courses-demystifying-the-notion-of-an-average-software-engineer?__cf_chl_f_tk=.cN52XVf9qyP98bkkmwaS1RyVPp4cC0LlsEPYrMvcYI-1739778595-1.0.1.1-.c5WztBYBGZUjfIpZMwGtjajXwktb15hY5sD7H4whWI",md: "OGxTVoj5Ebo4AhxSz8bFR2oMCeRmrMFOtJA_4.Tlmso-1739778595-1.2.1.1-oy2rsLNjiXEoSWw.ep.Mj23D2QUgzPlx0KdnpucwUBUt2UNsr98z5MkTaMe.MkkGKoTRRTTTVPlFJ.N3W8iZ0sdVALAb7s29Wq2QJlNSu.nM3GkeWV9vD1ERR_wDF3M3dAm1_wlHbm9lm8RoPgQTTDWQlvBoRBa3E36bJk3RF6nJxgZMhUzq0zpEHH1E7Ueuz5iZtylvDndkxfZDdowlWTLDg6Z72CSwAJRqE00RnaBNTXWIuq5qcE5gU_c5.UpmsK_mOxWIA0ZYvMg4tOkUkLzzRSPkLHGBQN0rAotHWYzfv9bdsK5ufzEiU0L4jsBZd6xJIrj9hlPpr1bGml4Y6aCNWLlurIrCD0anl_vWC4MkRz1_NN9wdp8v73u6NNLy66ovO1WzjVmecuqxJ6ERfA4ecHvJsKUnWXOyfVwknhokZCrBRmrcxYs2N3Sy8zhQUTTXO886axDQLb0pJZyaP3U2tUmV5DNVgCWFp91XrGw.zE9ZwlPRCQOFgzdBSMNz8hBa4HndHH.8174mz6EdnVNJSazjdVnf2OqA24An4..KeZ.4xPWYoBskvCj94xmOlogTeRzY86L_qPX5o4peVbNQA1l6vyMiJSMBp0LXhWUAVsh5ftNQlZjRf_RSL.P6R7fPW7_xVPYFBRiM3f9Nk6X4_elNz5GM69fOPdHuT7U1ZZBsyqWS598jV9Zo8DpPqNpJVh2_275WHxzxMN6vqaoK.v2kp3FiwTWavzqyJ9DtZhiLAQVRaMcCcdMbWPqynvlgVX.EETUF76k.6UBfaMJVfqwrDQ5mplhw36tt3uv9Ze6gBOEcdJkJeUc4fx11X4UzlBP17CcBtQwYq_RcXtuOPaIoKx5HhuwztRbLvbtU5RpsSup6BfnBWJ_sc4Xqwiknpz3prVm5KzgJquchPZg5_wuR0meA8j3eJLaWUWWyT2xSxYdoivWv1HYGHtCrj3gd6aDrXCX_cq9K58hqQdB1naLRMFale3jfigKg7Y.YVOO2BRVBNq0ETSgRAKSQx82PmbB.jYu1un1I6jnZ43W4lsZ00aoqpUEs4XYXxahv6QWgNcBG.4QvHTEG17UWeecBxez3CIPPvEbnezlwZ5EtbIicyBTYBsrEO2Yowed.BihBEEUuEGOhr3R0pXGmwmGxo6G3sHBQhKP_lbdghybo9mC8USsHbKKd15BwSVtZDtq1dWf95Izw4KOPM0xgTl21alZG591pzYeC2WPDbFjEoCmZdq6Zyf7WkVaNQh9lZ02F9rzNOTGhQ9RdfTQK3GCxnJ_h0qiA8LwTBVssk9leO5KfAvS6h5NGmg7zPIs6m9DSgURWh66bwtS5J0yrBE8jO0PL6yZlsAbMLeJpjm5GopNtELlVF4jZLvbbf4eXRrKD8qoglM2A5iczLZ9Lr.9Gg3675rsNAwTMLN6St4jmIE_HYJLJz7GAd9p1xxaWZU0nzpFobqiW62bXPVsGwms2Ey7GwVd8bLDRYMQHXWqf1fMK8SC8H3GBXYZOyofNrXKnDVpAQOaTBjBm17iqVjd7XDYNDswxVWcqN2JKFEYXmc1cSGB2yhfr5tyCADzYpSWspoxOqifUMsf3fjRFfP8DolLc6oUrFkOP.jvH5eyeV_4xHVq.FrWikKR41siCE2D7eq849GZVXViCMWsbMORszS_RHHaSIdBfy7FfXbc.3PmosfbeNP7vxezAKhdPCrtjtQzc4Cjdfp30iOzMdq8dLbE8AFyFEp163QGNdxYnnVj5APCpIZ2wsllM6c9M0tmnD8P57fLOdhDoa2KuZloR2M4Bc9KZJ7WMB5ZCpYEJeodaQDdw5N3k6vRxQr0ZbHXWDJWWnpU.Prj8q9L8C35NFGgvPnvtcdvrGL9DXXrCbhZ8BCfKGbvicQH4Usy3fT6pwTLc4SQ3V8sZ_q3tP0l9XXXSED_b9S7s409nJarHuq8SjvMfpCgMNYVigHH2P_Zo6erfHGGD1QkIgRs_YFU8OAxa8jv5MKS4PZOLf5xGfbr9SczvRmAt6osUQYhoeaRpyMxBzVGC68yJwEo9G5YD8ywdL8lXnl1ykjYey0SBgxLjR7_9DTxlVY8QgGmQQKSLaCWBNHAfK2.CfIr0hTUEq4xXaA1qUR2e_4_0N_eEdsg3BFV6S79uyy6ZG_B.vF5nWlHGzMRXuXqGWCRvV8HCju_keJV.vqd17xq42w",mdrd: "XaQ8wxFrEuc7eVo0mmLXzMrEJG3o3Jd1uk.USMDzgiY-1739778595-1.2.1.1-0XJa4msbwv0ET4lptvCL8VgR2qmU81uTHywEF6UomA5JuHr9BTdlyQUTcNCUCj4VKnav60RB95S3OqArSoLQWCkw7xCRDhm2hqZz5xRp5BM8c9qs1p2Lm6vkpHz11ngvdozpL7F327C0fdBb1X1xYLuqqQ1sEM6EfdHwZWRUO1g_DqfK4DL1Jaq08GnF0pFrT3jgk5OHt90_lyZT5Fc2xG0PZHBvmeRa3T2VZDI_ByDkN4eoohp1V5zDeic2.BMDkvMnywqdbyRNAzToMxxzbEGr.D01.N.6FTCXy_KU3m6R5EFHXmOEc7vaID9DKrqxXDIJxBApeczSy4z9e._KHIj0sk4QyDDxECioFTwCVf4zXYUVNQiThrglfj5nDrMggkf_VQu1TahUZk04bcbs9e11JXty1UZKpuWXNbwAvF9NY8POjKXVI9Hc2uZpBunGv9w2FIxuvuUGlqNtPWqC9MlkT4UiS2BMp_ELb6wkxD7dhKCu_4kUU4.ySJt2d9e6aSmCGN60sXb7dq3TPbn6elnW5mHxlRQc.ZkfBO1VZmvUdEG6A4jwBC05wLvGGP5_rzPOPJtWV0QQjyO1L0ml2eFEJ5.m7Iluk2d5XDIe_6eX4RLth75VwIodcKWP0H9yuCs4c8o9gSqofPoj_M8MWyNocKGWxZ31NN6veVi46vOT8t0yU3pkLgNXVWUn0dk1Tm4rIpj3bz0cKKjzkqHiT57M.VrV86g0URysHx1Qv77pPnQgvKlKUJs1OZnTNhkT2QpFCn7hflX9a8ZlkTsjfnhhfxo0mQ7_WQvZoRCgMT1a8hE9F6kMgk7OpbAj7YKuJTQ1I.23ivj7y3OANeyabE2Bn03Prv.I6ZbHNqr.SclvHgBcU_5O67hNZlfpYOnOOy5KAUVa1T0tO.W6qJauMnP38lGLRjfWFTLmcedXRH0.xn5XlRVxk9JoC3tHF_umKmpc9u7mxlWpZC.C_rJo_TZw6MuHwOzWfE9WXjyyp0ErkozXHmjj.IOcW1GLQhkxgYaIxm0mbtndvzcKHNJoj3D0eatVYkjW9aEUEbS0gczebipnQcbd68kFIWE66GVpvxh9S7.NAUZ9kp3plTYhQ6NYaDmFaFrHNni3GcgSpbyfpaWgZBa6WeYo75gZJxzJfzae7uciQn_ljQ3O00cgK526ApoaiCFmNYioMk.mFr0tw1MU9rNJMAaJqvaWmJBWc6e7wAdUCgonSISBP3RzuAWbTj5wvvOl8X_zHmQRDD_Rh_xsLc4GyIUjm7CkGKqr2.lsWpgyj0b3cRiTbm3VQoM7TEeBmtRlB8NRSmucG.Ycj.h2_xSrxWBoAkhSezscvDfZr6DXGk4uO2bLvTHGkeMbbsPyKg7ZLMKfg.7rxNwAwV.Lbnrz3jTddpFw8XQYqsmw8pcexLm96IB1maquvXLIFdgvPZGIHMOUlk7M1Akki9By7PEc7Qa9qLiw6cy_tyqK.RRKkUGMs5ip810pA6ZuKdd5DYJ94u0sgXzHzDE9dcvS2TQN6ZyKiaDnpxhIoeYJMQV_qbg.AOQVCGwGtvRJ4D3A.FQGo5mNHFamTFM5.ftwULT1qTuSvFBo1q2BVcDw54oXCX4Q2YTWPtgCyUG9jbSleO_Orl0ca6RUuY1Tgse7XjnRP9m8OxwwU4CsUHFBatpkP73gIxZ0dvRGyHpFIUXBeq5Fill.VmTgMrFI5zg.akyvOP66VswgJH9t378P.hU7VUZ1cTKU68TDGmXJ__XL.RSvLhQoDyu3Pyn23AbflLMOFumksoFiEV4fluGCttfiFNbyYqH1Xe7k3wTKZh8XuEyRIupSEl0lPjVu8UN6UPUBcKcZ6wXQXlbngr4VJOGgs7j8Fg3e8KAowomREnQXaX18i0OIFHLZEPVDxWxwb0qel29dTIvKaMm_FkTotQFHgqcSyG6wPtdLf9gIK9r8HEj0yFXyBF6fB780aF7ggsI.OEYTx6N1rLZ7"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91342efb49a48345';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013073\/empirical-study-from-final-exams-of-computer-science-courses-demystifying-the-notion-of-an-average-software-engineer?__cf_chl_rt_tk=.cN52XVf9qyP98bkkmwaS1RyVPp4cC0LlsEPYrMvcYI-1739778595-1.0.1.1-.c5WztBYBGZUjfIpZMwGtjajXwktb15hY5sD7H4whWI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>