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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munsell_Crayola,_1926–1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Munsell Crayola, 1926–1944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munsell_Crayola,_1926–1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_through_1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_through_1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Changes through 1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_through_1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crayola_No._64" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crayola_No._64"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Crayola No. 64</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crayola_No._64-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_1958–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_1958–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Changes 1958–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_1958–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990_–_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990_–_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>1990 – present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990_–_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crayola_color_wheel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crayola_color_wheel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The Crayola color wheel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Crayola_color_wheel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Crayola color wheel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Crayola_color_wheel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1926:_10_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1926:_10_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>1926: 10 colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1926:_10_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930:_12_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930:_12_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>1930: 12 colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930:_12_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjustments_in_1935_and_1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjustments_in_1935_and_1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Adjustments in 1935 and 1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjustments_in_1935_and_1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1958:_18_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1958:_18_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>1958: 18 colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1958:_18_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Third-party plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may rely excessively on sources <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">too closely 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removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crayola1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crayola1.jpg/400px-Crayola1.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crayola1.jpg/600px-Crayola1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Crayola1.jpg/800px-Crayola1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>An assortment of crayon boxes produced by Binney Smith between 1903 and 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Crayola#Crayons" title="Crayola">Crayola drawing crayons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Crayola" title="Crayola">Binney & Smith</a> in 1903, more than two hundred colors have been produced in a wide variety of assortments. The line has undergone several major revisions, notably in 1935, 1949, 1958, and 1990. Numerous specialty crayons have also been produced, complementing the basic Crayola assortment. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1903:_the_original_Crayola_colors">1903: the original Crayola colors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1903: the original Crayola colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg/220px-Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg/330px-Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg/440px-Crayola_Ad_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>A Crayola ad from 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>After several decades producing commercial pigments, Binney & Smith produced their first crayon, the black Staonal Marking Crayon, in 1902. The following year, the company decided to enter the consumer market with its first drawing crayons. The name <i>Crayola</i> was suggested by Alice Binney, wife of company founder <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Binney" title="Edwin Binney">Edwin Binney</a>, combining <i>craie</i>, French for "chalk," a reference to the pastels that preceded and lent their name to the first drawing crayons, with the suffix <i>-ola</i>, meaning "oleaginous," a reference to the wax from which the crayons were made.<sup id="cite_ref-smithmag_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithmag-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially this was just one of the brands produced by Binney & Smith; other crayons were produced under names such as <i>Cerola</i>, <i>Cerata</i>, <i>Durel</i>, <i>Perma</i>, and <i>Boston</i>, among others; but the Crayola brand proved the most successful, and was produced in two lines: <i>Crayola Gold Medal School Crayons</i><sup id="cite_ref-WelterRubens1904GMWin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterRubens1904GMWin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WelterRubens1905GMLine_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterRubens1905GMLine-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>"Rubens" Crayola Artists' Crayons</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WelterRubens1903_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterRubens1903-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Crayola advertising mentions thirty different colors,<sup id="cite_ref-Crayolaad1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crayolaad1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there is no official list; in fact thirty-eight different crayons are known from Crayola boxes of this period.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest labeled assortment was box No. 51, titled <i>Crayola Young Artists' Drawing Crayons</i>, which included twenty-eight different crayons.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other colors were found in different boxes, including the "Rubens" No. 500, a twenty-four crayon assortment. The names of several crayons varied from box to box;<sup id="cite_ref-WelterColorNames_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterColorNames-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in general the larger assortments tended to use names associated with oil paints, and in fact early Crayola literature frequently describes drawing with crayons as a form of painting.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, simpler names were favored, and several colors were discontinued by 1910, including Light and Dark Venetian Red, Permanent Geranium Lake, Celestial Blue, Raw Sienna, and Charcoal Gray; the use of "Purple" as an alternative for "Violet" ended about 1914; and after 1915 Gold, Silver, and Copper were no longer available in assortments, although Gold and Silver were still available in bulk.<sup id="cite_ref-WelterColorNames_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterColorNames-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Color<sup id="cite_ref-TableNote_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TableNote-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="10%" class="unsortable">Hexadecimal in their website depiction<sup id="cite_ref-HexNote_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HexNote-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="47%" class="unsortable">Notes<sup id="cite_ref-WelterNote_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterNote-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ED0A3F; color: white">  </td> <td>Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ED0A3F </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CC474B; color: white">  </td> <td>English Vermilion </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CC474B </td> <td>Also spelled "Vermillion." Discontinued by 1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CC3336; color: white">  </td> <td>Madder Lake </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CC3336 </td> <td>Discontinued by 1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E12C2C; color: white">  </td> <td>Permanent Geranium Lake </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E12C2C </td> <td>Discontinued by 1910. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CD5C5C; color: white">  </td> <td>Indian Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CD5C5C </td> <td>Same color as "Chestnut" (1999–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B33B24; color: white">  </td> <td>Dark Venetian Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>"Venetian Red, Dark" on labels. Discontinued by 1910. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C80815; color: white">  </td> <td>Venetian Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C80815 </td> <td>Discontinued by 1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6735C; color: white">  </td> <td>Light Venetian Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>"Venetian Red, Light" on labels. Discontinued by 1910. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF8833; color: white">  </td> <td>Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF8833 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F2C649; color: white">  </td> <td>Gold Ochre </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>"Golden Ochre" on some labels. Same color as "Maize" (1958–1990). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FCD667; color: white"> </td> <td>Medium Chrome Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FCD667 </td> <td>Same color as "Medium Yellow" (1903–1958) and "Goldenrod" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF00; color: white"> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFF00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B5B35C; color: black"> </td> <td>Olive Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B5B35C </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF9F; color: #B5B35C"> </td> <td>Light Chrome Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>On labels "Chrome Yellow, Light." Same color as "Light Yellow" (1903–1958) and "Lemon Yellow" (1903–1910, 1958–1990). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #BEE64B; color: white">  </td> <td>Light Chrome Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>"Chrome Green, Light" on labels. Same color as "Light Green" (1903–1935). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #008001; color: white"> </td> <td>Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#008001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #6CA67C; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Chrome Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>"Chrome Green, Medium" on labels. Same color as "Medium Green" (1903–1939). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #01786F; color: white">  </td> <td>Dark Chrome Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#01786F </td> <td>"Chrome Green, Dark" on labels. Same color as "Dark Green" (1903–1949) and "Pine Green" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2EB4E6; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#2EB4E6 </td> <td>Same color as "Celestial Blue" (1930–1949) and "Azure Blue" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #00468C; color: white">  </td> <td>Prussian Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Same color as "Midnight Blue" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0047AB; color: white">  </td> <td>Cobalt Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0047AB </td> <td>Discontinued by 1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #4997D0; color: white">  </td> <td>Celestial Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#4997D0 </td> <td>Discontinued by 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #4166F5; color: white">  </td> <td>Ultramarine Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#4166F5 </td> <td>Discontinued by 1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #6A0DAD; color: white">  </td> <td>Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#6A0DAD </td> <td>"Violet" from about 1914. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F653A6; color: white">  </td> <td>Permanent Magenta </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F653A6 </td> <td>Same color as "Magenta" (1903–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF66CC; color: black">  </td> <td>Rose Pink </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF66CC </td> <td>Same color as "Pink" (1903–1917) and "Carnation Pink" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E97451; color: black">  </td> <td>Burnt Sienna </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E97451 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #664228; color: white">  </td> <td>Van Dyke Brown </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#664228 </td> <td>Same color as "Brown" (1903–1935). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFCBA4; color: black">  </td> <td>Flesh Tint </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFCBA4 </td> <td>Same color as "Flesh" (1949–1956, 1958–1962), "Pink Beige" (1956–1958), and "Peach" (1962–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8A3324; color: white">  </td> <td>Burnt Umber </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8A3324 </td> <td>Discontinued by 1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #826644; color: white">  </td> <td>Raw Umber </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#826644 </td> <td>One of the 8 colors "Retired" in 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D68A59; color: black">  </td> <td>Raw Sienna </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#D68A59 </td> <td>Discontinued by 1910. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A57C00; color: white">  </td> <td>Gold </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A57C00 </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. Available only in bulk after 1915. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #AAA9AD; color: black">  </td> <td>Silver </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#AAA9AD </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. Available only in bulk after 1915. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B87333; color: white">  </td> <td>Copper </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B87333 </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. Not Available between 1915 and 1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #000000; color: white">  </td> <td>Black </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#000000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #736A62; color: white">  </td> <td>Charcoal Gray </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>Discontinued in 1910. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black">  </td> <td>White </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFFFF </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Munsell_Crayola,_1926–1944"><span id="Munsell_Crayola.2C_1926.E2.80.931944"></span>Munsell Crayola, 1926–1944</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Munsell Crayola, 1926–1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munsell_Crayons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Munsell_Crayons.jpg/220px-Munsell_Crayons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Munsell_Crayons.jpg/330px-Munsell_Crayons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Munsell_Crayons.jpg/440px-Munsell_Crayons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Three boxes of Munsell crayons; the first from the Munsell Color Company, and the others from Binney & Smith.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1926, Binney & Smith acquired the Munsell Color Company's line of crayons, based on the <a href="/wiki/Munsell_color_system" title="Munsell color system">Munsell color system</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Henry_Munsell" title="Albert Henry Munsell">Albert Henry Munsell</a>. This marked the first time that Crayola crayons incorporated the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">color wheel</a>. The Munsell color wheel consisted of five "principal hues" (red, yellow, green, blue, and purple), and five "intermediate hues" (yellow red, green yellow, blue green, blue purple, and red purple). Each color was available in either "maximum chroma" or with "middle value and middle chroma." Three different packages were offered: a box of seven containing the five principal hues at maximum chroma plus Middle Gray and Black,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a box of twelve containing the five principal hues, both at maximum chroma and at middle value and chroma, plus Middle Gray and Black, and a box of twenty-two, containing both the principal and intermediate hues, each at maximum chroma as well as with middle value and chroma, plus Middle Gray and Black.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Munsell color wheel prompted Binney & Smith to adopt a similar color wheel concept for Crayola crayons in 1930, using six principal hues (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) and six intermediate hues (red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, and red-violet), for a twelve-color wheel. These were combined with Black, Neutral Gray, White, and Brown to produce a sixteen-color box. Munsell Crayola boxes were discontinued in 1935, although the crayons were produced in specially-marked Crayola boxes until 1944, when wartime shortages made many of the pigments necessary for crayon production unavailable. Munsell crayons were not produced again after the war, but the concept of the color wheel pioneered by Munsell remained a fundamental part of the Crayola lineup until 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Munsell colors are depicted in the table below. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Color<sup id="cite_ref-TableNote_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TableNote-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="10%" class="unsortable">Hexadecimal<sup id="cite_ref-HexNote_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HexNote-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="47%" class="unsortable">Notes<sup id="cite_ref-WelterNote_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterNote-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D92121; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#D92121 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E58E73; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E58E73 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ECAC76; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Yellow Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ECB176 </td> <td>Same color as "Medium Orange" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F2BA49; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Yellow Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F2BA49 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFEB00; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFEB00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FAFA37; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FAFA37 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D9E650; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Green Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#D9E650 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ACBF60; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Green Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ACBF60 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #5E8C31; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#5E8C31 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #4D8C57; color: white">  </td> <td>Middle Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#4D8C57 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8DD9CC; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Blue Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8DD9CC </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #30BFBF; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Blue Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#30BFBF </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #7ED4E6; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#7ED4E6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #47ABCC; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#47ABCC </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ACACE6; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Blue Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ACACE6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8B72BE; color: white">  </td> <td>Middle Blue Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8B72BE </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #733380; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#733380 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D982B5; color: black">  </td> <td>Middle Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#D982B5 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A63A79; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Red Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A63A79 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A55353; color: white">  </td> <td>Middle Red Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A55353 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8B8680; color: white">  </td> <td>Middle Grey </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8B8680 </td> <td>Spelled "Grey" on labels, but "Gray" on boxes. Same color as "Neutral Grey" (1930–1956), "Gray" (1956–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #000000; color: white"> 000000 </td> <td>Black </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#000000 </td> <td>References to "Maximum Black" are erroneous. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changes_through_1949">Changes through 1949</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Changes through 1949"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crayola_1st_No48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Crayola_1st_No48.jpg/220px-Crayola_1st_No48.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Crayola_1st_No48.jpg/330px-Crayola_1st_No48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Crayola_1st_No48.jpg/440px-Crayola_1st_No48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Crayola No. 48, introduced in 1949. Note both the "Rubens" and "Gold Medal" emblems.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1930 to 1935, Binney & Smith refined the Crayola line-up, discontinuing some colors, adjusting others, and incorporating the Munsell colors into its regular line. In 1939, the company introduced the No. 52 assortment, containing fifty-two colors, including all of the Munsell colors and all but six of the other crayons then being produced. Although it was by far the largest Crayola assortment yet offered, the No. 52 received little publicity, and was only produced for about five years; in 1944, wartime shortages made the pigments necessary to produce many colors unavailable.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When full production was resumed in 1949, Binney & Smith eliminated most of the Munsell colors and their significant overlap with other hues. The new lineup was based around the twelve-color Crayola color wheel, first developed in the 1930s. While new crayons were added to the assortment, the overall number of colors dropped to forty-eight, and the No. 52 box was formally discontinued in favor of the new No. 48 assortment, containing all of the colors then being produced.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While many older crayons were eliminated from the Crayola line, several new colors representing light, medium, and dark shades of the principal and intermediate hues were added, to create the most systematic assortment yet produced. For ten years, the No. 48 box was Crayola's largest collection, and for decades afterward, it remained an integral part of the line. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Color<sup id="cite_ref-TableNote_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TableNote-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="10%" class="unsortable">Hexadecimal<sup id="cite_ref-HexNote_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HexNote-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="47%" class="unsortable">Notes<sup id="cite_ref-WelterNote_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterNote-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ED0A3F; color: white">  </td> <td>Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ED0A3F </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8B0000; color: white">  </td> <td>Dark Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8B0000 </td> <td>Same color as "Maroon" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CD5C5C; color: black">  </td> <td>Indian Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CD5C5C </td> <td>Same color as "Chestnut" (1999–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF4500; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF3F34 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF8833; color: black">  </td> <td>Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF8833 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ECB176; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ECB176 </td> <td>Same color as "Middle Yellow Red" (1926–1949). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFAE42; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow-Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFAE42 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F2C649; color: white">  </td> <td>Gold Ochre </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>Same color as "Maize" (1958–1990). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FCD667; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FCD667 </td> <td>Same color as "Medium Chrome Yellow" (1903–1910) and "Goldenrod" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF00; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFF00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B5B35C; color: black">  </td> <td>Olive Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B5B35C </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFFE0; color: black">  </td> <td>Light Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFFE0 </td> <td>Same color as "Lemon Yellow" (1903–1910, 1958–1990). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9ACD32; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow-Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9ACD32 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #013220; color: black">  </td> <td>Dark Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#013220 </td> <td>Same color as "Forest Green" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #90EE90; color: black">  </td> <td>Light Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#90EE90 </td> <td>Same color as "Sea Green" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #01A368; color: white">  </td> <td>Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#01A368 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #95E0E8; color: white">  </td> <td>Light Turquoise Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#458B74<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Same color as "Aquamarine" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #00FFEF; color: black">  </td> <td>Turquoise Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#00FFEF </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0095B7; color: white">  </td> <td>Middle Blue-Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0095B7 </td> <td>Same color as "Blue-Green" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0D98BA; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0D98BA </td> <td>Same color as "Maximum Blue" (1926–1949) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2EB4E6; color: white">  </td> <td>Azure Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#4997D0 </td> <td>Same color as "Blue" (1903–1935) and "Celestial Blue" (1930–1949). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2A52BE; color: white">  </td> <td>Cerulean Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#2A52BE </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #003153; color: white">  </td> <td>Prussian Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#003153 </td> <td>Same color as "Midnight Blue" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0066FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0066FF </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0000CD; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0000CD </td> <td>Same color as "Blue" (1935–1949). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0047AB; color: white">  </td> <td>Cobalt Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0047AB </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8A2BE2; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8A2BE2 </td> <td>Same color as "Violet-Blue" (1958–1990). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #7F00FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#7F00FF </td> <td>Same color as "Blue-Violet" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #65315F; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#65315F </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B57EDC; color: black">  </td> <td>Lavender </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B57EDC </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E667CE; color: white">  </td> <td>Brilliant Rose </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #BB3385; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Red-Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#BB3385 </td> <td>Same color as "Orchid" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D96CBE; color: white">  </td> <td>Medium Rose </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF80FF; color: black">  </td> <td>Light Magenta </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF80FF </td> <td>Same color as "Thistle" (1958–1999). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C71585; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C71585 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF00FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Magenta </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF00FF </td> <td>Same color as "Permanent Magenta" (1903–1914). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF66CC; color: black">  </td> <td>Rose Pink </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF66CC </td> <td>Same color as "Carnation Pink" (1958–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF0038; color: white">  </td> <td>Carmine Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF0038 </td> <td>Same color as "Carmine" (1935–1949). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FA8072; color: black">  </td> <td>Salmon </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FA8072 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C04000; color: white">  </td> <td>Mahogany </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C04000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E97451; color: white">  </td> <td>Burnt Sienna </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E97451 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #964B00; color: white">  </td> <td>Brown </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#964B00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFCBA4; color: white">  </td> <td>Flesh </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFCBA4 </td> <td>Same color as "Flesh Tint" (1903–1949), "Pink Beige" (1956–1958), and Peach (1962–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #826644; color: white">  </td> <td>Raw Umber </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#826644 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #AAA9AD; color: black">  </td> <td>Silver </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#AAA9AD </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #000000; color: white">  </td> <td>Black </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#000000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8B8680; color: white">  </td> <td>Neutral Gray </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8B8680 </td> <td>Same color as "Middle Grey" (1926–1949), "Gray" (1956–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black">  </td> <td>White </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFFFF </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crayola_No._64">Crayola No. 64</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crayola No. 64"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg/220px-Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg/330px-Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg/440px-Crayola_1st_No64_open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption>Crayola No. 64, introduced in 1958.</figcaption></figure> <p>Introduced in 1958, the Crayola No. 64 was Binney & Smith's largest regular assortment for more than thirty years, and featured the last major changes to Crayola colors before 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The iconic flip-top box arranged sixty-four crayons in four rows of sixteen, progressively raised to allow for easier access, and a crayon sharpener built into the back of the box.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although a few of the colors from the No. 48 box were discontinued at this time, most were retained, sometimes with different names, and several new crayons were added to the assortment, including six new "intermediate" hues, as the Crayola color wheel expanded from twelve to eighteen colors.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Color<sup id="cite_ref-TableNote_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TableNote-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="10%" class="unsortable">Hexadecimal<sup id="cite_ref-HexNote_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HexNote-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="47%" class="unsortable">Notes<sup id="cite_ref-WelterNote_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterNote-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ED0A3F; color: white">  </td> <td>Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ED0A3F </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C32148; color: white">  </td> <td>Maroon </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C32148 </td> <td>Same color as "Dark Red" (1949–1958) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CB4154; color: white">  </td> <td>Brick Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CB4154 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CD5C5C; color: white">  </td> <td>Indian Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CD5C5C </td> <td>Same color as "Chestnut" (1999–present). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF681F; color: black">  </td> <td>Orange-Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF681F </td> <td>One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FE6F5E; color: black">  </td> <td>Bittersweet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FE6F5E </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CC5500; color: white">  </td> <td>Burnt Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CC5500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF4500; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF3F34 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF8833; color: white">  </td> <td>Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF8833 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFAE42; color: white">  </td> <td>Yellow-Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFAE42 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F2C649; color: black">  </td> <td>Maize </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F2C649 </td> <td>Same color as "Gold Ochre" (1903–1958). One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F5BD1F; color: black">  </td> <td>Orange-Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F5BD1F </td> <td>One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #DAA520; color: black">  </td> <td>Goldenrod </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#DAA520 </td> <td>Same color as "Medium Chrome Yellow" (1903–1910) and "Medium Yellow" (1903–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF00; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFF00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F1E788; color: white">  </td> <td>Green-Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F1E788 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ECEBBD; color: white">  </td> <td>Spring Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#ECEBBD </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B5B35C; color: black">  </td> <td>Olive Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B5B35C </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFF44F; color: black">  </td> <td>Lemon Yellow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFF44F </td> <td>Same color as "Light Yellow" (1903–1958). One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9ACD32; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow-Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9ACD32 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #228B22; color: white">  </td> <td>Forest Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#228B22 </td> <td>Same color as "Dark Green" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2E8B57; color: white">  </td> <td>Sea Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#2E8B57 </td> <td>Same color as "Light Green" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #008001; color: white">  </td> <td>Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#008001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #01796F; color: white">  </td> <td>Pine Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#01796F </td> <td>Same color as "Dark Chrome Green" (1903–1910) and "Dark Green" (1903–1949). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ADD8E6; color: black">  </td> <td>Light Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"># ADD8E6 </td> <td>Discontinued in 1958; replaced by Turquoise Blue. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #95E0E8; color: white">  </td> <td>Aquamarine </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#458B74 </td> <td>Same color as "Light Turquoise Blue" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #76D7EA; color: white">  </td> <td>Sky Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#76D7EA </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0095B7; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0095B7 </td> <td>Same color as "Middle Blue Green" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #93CCEA; color: white">  </td> <td>Cornflower </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#93CCEA </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2887C8; color: white">  </td> <td>Green-Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0066CC; color: white">  </td> <td>Navy Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0066CC </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #00468C; color: white">  </td> <td>Midnight Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>Same color as "Prussian Blue" (1903–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0066FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#0066FF </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A9B2C3; color: white">  </td> <td>Cadet Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A9B2C3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C3CDE6; color: white">  </td> <td>Periwinkle </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C3CDE6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #766EC8; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet-Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#766EC8 </td> <td>Same color as Blue-Violet (1930–1958). One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #6456B7; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#6456B7 </td> <td>Same color as "Violet" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8359A3; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8359A3 </td> <td>On labels "Violet (Purple)". </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E667CE; color: white">  </td> <td>Brilliant Rose </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>Discontinued in 1958; replaced by Magenta. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8E3179; color: white">  </td> <td>Plum </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#843179 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E29CD2; color: white">  </td> <td>Orchid </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E29CD2 </td> <td>Same color as "Medium Red-Violet" (1949–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #EBB0D7; color: white">  </td> <td>Thistle </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>Same color as "Light Magenta" (1949–1958). "Retired" in 1999. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C8509B; color: white">  </td> <td>Mulberry </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"> </td> <td>"Retired" in 2003. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #BB3385; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#BB3385 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FBAED2; color: white">  </td> <td>Lavender </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FBAED2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFA6C9; color: white">  </td> <td>Carnation Pink </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFA6C9 </td> <td>Same color as "Rose Pink" (1903–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F7468A; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet-Red </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F7468A </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF91A4; color: white">  </td> <td>Salmon </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF91A4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CA3435; color: white">  </td> <td>Mahogany </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CA3435 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FEBAAD; color: white">  </td> <td>Melon </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FEBAAD </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E97451; color: white">  </td> <td>Burnt Sienna </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E97451 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #AF593E; color: white">  </td> <td>Brown </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#AF593E </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9E5B40; color: white">  </td> <td>Sepia </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9E5B40 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D27D46; color: white">  </td> <td>Raw Sienna </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#D27D46 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D99A6C; color: white">  </td> <td>Tan </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFCBA4; color: white">  </td> <td>Peach </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFCBA4 </td> <td>Same color as "Flesh Tint" (1903–1949), "Flesh" (1949–1956, 1958–1962), and "Pink Beige" (1956–1958). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FDD5B1; color: white">  </td> <td>Apricot </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FDD5B1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #826644; color: white">  </td> <td>Raw Umber </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#826644 </td> <td>One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A57C00; color: white">  </td> <td>Gold </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A57C00 </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #AAA9AD; color: black">  </td> <td>Silver </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#AAA9AD </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #B87333; color: white">  </td> <td>Copper </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B87333 </td> <td>Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #000000; color: white">  </td> <td>Black </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#000000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8B8680; color: white">  </td> <td>Gray </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8B8680 </td> <td>Same color as "Neutral Gray" (1926–1956). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #6699CC; color: black">  </td> <td>Blue-Gray </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#6699CC </td> <td>One of eight colors "retired" in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black">  </td> <td>White </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFFFF </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changes_1958–1990"><span id="Changes_1958.E2.80.931990"></span>Changes 1958–1990</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Changes 1958–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first changes to the No. 64 box were made in its first year of production, as Light Blue and Brilliant Rose were replaced by Turquoise Blue and Magenta. From then to 1990, no colors were replaced, although, in 1963, Flesh was formally renamed Peach, partially in response to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, the company said.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flesh had been known as Flesh Tint until 1949, and was called Pink Beige from 1956 to 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, the flesh-colored crayon was not featured in the commemorative box because Crayola felt it was insensitive. They recognized that not all skin tones are the same. </p><p>The 1970s saw the introduction of Crayola's first specialty crayons, eight fluorescent colors designed to glow under black light. These were never added to the No. 64 box, but were available separately or in a special box of 72 crayons, typically packaged with activity books or crayon stands. Fabric crayons were introduced in 1980, as the Crayola brand continued to expand beyond regular drawing crayons. Colored pencils and markers followed.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1990_–_present"><span id="1990_.E2.80.93_present"></span>1990 – present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1990 – present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Retired13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Retired13.jpg/220px-Retired13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Retired13.jpg/330px-Retired13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Retired13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Thirteen out of fourteen colors officially "retired" since 1990: Lemon Yellow, Violet Blue, Blue Gray, Orange Red, Maize, Raw Umber, Orange Yellow, Green Blue, Blizzard Blue, Magic Mint, Mulberry, Teal Blue, and Thistle.</figcaption></figure> <p>1990 saw the first major changes to Crayola drawing crayons in more than thirty years, as eight colors were "retired into the Crayon Hall of Fame," and eight new colors were introduced, followed by sixteen more in 1993, and twenty-four more in 1998. Five colors were replaced between 2000 and 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-chronology_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronology-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major change was the replacement of eight colors that had long been part of the Crayola lineup. These were: Orange-Red (first produced in 1958), Maize (formerly Gold Ochre, produced since 1903), Orange-Yellow (1958), Lemon Yellow (formerly Light Yellow, produced since 1903), Green-Blue (1958), Violet-Blue (produced as Blue-Violet from 1930 to 1958), Raw Umber (1903), and Blue-Gray (1958).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the loss of Orange-Red, Orange-Yellow, Green-Blue, and Violet-Blue, the Crayola color wheel was reduced from eighteen to fourteen colors, with six "principal hues" and eight "intermediate" hues. The eight new colors were: Vivid Tangerine, Dandelion (later retired in 2017), Jungle Green, Teal Blue (later retired in 2003), Cerulean, Royal Purple, Fuchsia, and Wild Strawberry.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late in 1992, Binney & Smith introduced the Crayola No. 96 Big Box, containing the sixty-four existing colors, as well as sixteen fluorescent crayons, and sixteen unnamed colors, the names of which were to be chosen in a nationwide contest. The winners were announced the following year, and included: Macaroni and Cheese, Asparagus, Granny Smith Apple, Shamrock, Tropical Rain Forest, Robin's Egg Blue, Pacific Blue, Denim, Purple Mountains' Majesty, Wisteria, Cerise, Razzmatazz, Tickle Me Pink, Mauvelous, Tumbleweed, and Timberwolf.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, a special color called Blue Ribbon was produced to celebrate the production of one hundred billion Crayola crayons since 1903. Crayons of this color were included in "limited edition" versions of the No. 96 box produced early that year, but it did not become part of the regular assortment. The following year, four bright colors were introduced: Sunset Orange, Caribbean Green, Vivid Violet, and Pink Flamingo, which were then incorporated into the regular lineup. 1997 also saw a contest called to name eight new colors, incorporated into assortments the following year: Torch Red (later “Scarlet” in 1998), Banana Mania, Mountain Meadow, Outer Space, Purple Heart, Brink Pink (later “Pink Sherbet” in 2005), Fuzzy Wuzzy Brown, and Shadow.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1998 saw the introduction of Crayola's first 120-count assortment. In addition to the existing colors, twelve more were added to the lineup in order to bring the count of regular and fluorescent crayons up to 120. These were: Canary, Fern, Manatee, Blue Bell, Eggplant, Cotton Candy, Cranberry (later “Blush” in 2005), Pig Pink, Beaver, Desert Sand, Almond, and Antique Brass, a metallic crayon. The same year, Torch Red became <i>Scarlet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, Indian Red, part of the Crayola lineup since 1903, was renamed <i>Chestnut</i>, ostensibly because of confusion that children would assume that the color referred to the skin color of American Indians, rather than a reddish pigment from India. Thistle, originally produced as Light Magenta in 1949, was replaced by Indigo.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To celebrate the hundredth anniversary of Crayola Crayons in 2003, a special 100-count box was created, adding four new colors to the existing 96-color box. As in 1992 and 1996, the names were chosen as part of a contest, and the four new crayons became part of the No. 96 box at the end of the anniversary year. The new colors were: Mango Tango, Inchworm, Wild Blue Yonder, and Jazzberry Jam. To make room for them, four other crayons were retired; two of the sixteen fluorescent colors (Magic Mint and Blizzard Blue), plus Mulberry (produced since 1958) and Teal Blue (introduced in 1990).<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crayola enthusiasts were given the opportunity to save one of five colors nominated for retirement via an internet poll: the winner was Burnt Sienna.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three colors received new names in 2005, as Brink Pink became Pink Sherbert [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>], Cranberry became Blush, and Fuzzy Wuzzy Brown was shortened to Fuzzy Wuzzy. Since these changes, the Crayola lineup has remained steady, with changes confined to specialty crayons.<sup id="cite_ref-Welter_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 31, 2017, Crayola announced it would retire Dandelion, to replace it with a blue color. A public vote was held, and on September 14, 2017, the new crayon color's name was announced as "Bluetiful".<sup id="cite_ref-DanRet_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanRet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Bluetiful_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Bluetiful-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crayon color was included in the boxes for sale starting in late January 2018. </p><p>In 2021, four new colors were introduced: "Crayellow", "Powder Blue", "Cool Mint", and "Oatmeal".<sup id="cite_ref-Colors_of_Kindness_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colors_of_Kindness-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table includes all of the standard colors introduced since 1990. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">Color </th> <th width="10%">Name </th> <th width="10%" class="unsortable">Hexadecimal in their website depiction <sup id="cite_ref-HexNote_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HexNote-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="47%" class="unsortable">Notes<sup id="cite_ref-WelterNote_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterNote-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FD0E35; color: white">  </td> <td>Scarlet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FD0E35 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. Same color as "Torch Red" (1998). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FE4C40; color: white">  </td> <td>Sunset Orange </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FE4C40 </td> <td>Introduced in 1997. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF9980; color: white">  </td> <td>Vivid Tangerine </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF9980 </td> <td>Introduced in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFB97B; color: white">  </td> <td>Macaroni and Cheese </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFB97B </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. Also found as "Macaroni & Cheese" and "Macaroni-n-Cheese". </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E77200; color: white">  </td> <td>Mango Tango </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E77200 </td> <td>Introduced in 2003. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FBE7B2; color: white">  </td> <td>Banana Mania </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FBE7B2 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FED85D; color: white">  </td> <td>Dandelion </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FED85D </td> <td>Produced 1990–2017.<sup id="cite_ref-DanRet_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanRet-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF99; color: #B5B35C">  </td> <td>Canary </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFFF99 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #AFE313; color: white">  </td> <td>Inchworm </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#B0E313 </td> <td>Introduced in 2003. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #7BA05B; color: white">  </td> <td>Asparagus </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#7BA05B </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9DE093; color: white">  </td> <td>Granny Smith Apple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9DE093 </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #63B76C; color: white">  </td> <td>Fern </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#63B76C </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #33CC99; color: white">  </td> <td>Shamrock </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#33CC99 </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #1AB385; color: white">  </td> <td>Mountain Meadow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#1AB385 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #29AB87; color: white">  </td> <td>Jungle Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#29AB87 </td> <td>Introduced in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #00CC99; color: white">  </td> <td>Caribbean Green </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#00CC99 </td> <td>Introduced in 1997. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #00755E; color: white">  </td> <td>Tropical Rain Forest </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#00755E </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #00CCCC; color: white">  </td> <td>Robin's Egg Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#00CCCC </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #008080; color: white">  </td> <td>Teal Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#008080 </td> <td>Produced 1990–2003. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2D383A; color: white">  </td> <td>Outer Space </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#2D383A </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #1CA9C9; color: white">  </td> <td>Pacific Blue </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#1CA9C9 </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #02A4D3; color: white">  </td> <td>Cerulean </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#02A4D3 </td> <td>Introduced in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #1560BD; color: white">  </td> <td>Denim </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#1560BD </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #3C69E7; color: white">  </td> <td>Bluetiful </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#3C69E7<sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Bluetiful_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Bluetiful-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Introduced in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Bluetiful_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Bluetiful-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A2ADD0; color: black">  </td> <td>Wild Blue Yonder </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A2ADD0 </td> <td>Introduced in 2003. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #4B0082; color: white">  </td> <td>Indigo </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#4B0082 </td> <td>Introduced in 1999. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #979AAA; color: black">  </td> <td>Manatee </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#979AAA </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A2A2D0; color: black">  </td> <td>Blue Bell </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A2A2D0 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #69359C; color: white">  </td> <td>Purple Heart </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#69359C </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #7851A9; color: white">  </td> <td>Royal Purple </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#7851A9 </td> <td>Introduced in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C9A0DC; color: black">  </td> <td>Wisteria </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C9A0DC </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9F00FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Vivid Violet </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9F00FF </td> <td>Introduced in 1997. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9678B6; color: black">  </td> <td>Purple Mountains' Majesty </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9678B6 </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. Also found as "Purple Mountain Majesty" and "Purple Mountain's Majesty." </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C154C1; color: white">  </td> <td>Fuchsia </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#C154C1 </td> <td>Introduced in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FC74FD; color: black">  </td> <td>Pink Flamingo </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F2583E </td> <td>Introduced in 1997. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A50B5E; color: white">  </td> <td>Jazzberry Jam </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#A50B5E </td> <td>Introduced in 2003. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #614051; color: white">  </td> <td>Eggplant </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#614051 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #DE3163; color: white">  </td> <td>Cerise </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#DE3163 </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF43A4; color: white">  </td> <td>Wild Strawberry </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FF43A4 </td> <td>Introduced in 1990. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFBCD9; color: black">  </td> <td>Cotton Candy </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FFBCD9 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E3256B; color: white">  </td> <td>Razzmatazz </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#E3256B </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FDDDE6; color: black">  </td> <td>Pig Pink </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FDDDE6 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. Also called "Piggy Pink." </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #DE5D83; color: black">  </td> <td>Blush </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#DE5D83 </td> <td>Same color as "Cranberry" (1998–2005). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FC89AC; color: black">  </td> <td>Tickle Me Pink </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#FC89AC </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #EF98AA; color: white">  </td> <td>Mauvelous </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#EF98AA </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F78FA7; color: white">  </td> <td>Pink Sherbert </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#F78FA7 </td> <td>Same color as "Brink Pink" (1998–2005). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CC6666; color: white">  </td> <td>Fuzzy Wuzzy </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CC6666 </td> <td>Same color as "Fuzzy Wuzzy Brown" (1998–2005). </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9F8170; color: black">  </td> <td>Beaver </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#9F8170 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #DEAA88; color: black">  </td> <td>Tumbleweed </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#DEAA88 </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #EDC9AF; color: black">  </td> <td>Desert Sand </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#EDC9AF </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #EFDECD; color: black">  </td> <td>Almond </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#EFDECD </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8A795D; color: white">  </td> <td>Shadow </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#8A795D </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D9D6CF; color: black">  </td> <td>Timberwolf </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#D9D6CF </td> <td>Introduced in 1993. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #CD9575; color: black">  </td> <td>Antique Brass </td> <td align="center" style="background:#E9E9E9">#CD9575 </td> <td>Introduced in 1998. Metallic; swatch represents nominal hue only. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Crayola_color_wheel">The Crayola color wheel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Crayola color wheel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1926:_10_colors">1926: 10 colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1926: 10 colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of the color wheel first became associated with Crayola crayons with Binney & Smith's acquisition of the Munsell line in 1926. Munsell's color system was based on five "principal hues" and five "intermediate hues," resulting in a color wheel of ten colors. The principal hues were red, yellow, green, blue, and purple; the intermediate hues were yellow red, green yellow, blue green, blue purple, and red purple. Each was available with either maximum chroma or with middle value and middle chroma. The following table depicts all of the principal and intermediate hues at maximum chroma. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Color </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D92121; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Red </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F2BA49; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Yellow Red </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FAFA37; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #D9E650; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Green Yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #5E8C31; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #30BFBF; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Blue Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #47ABCC; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Blue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ACACE6; color: black">  </td> <td>Maximum Blue Purple </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #733380; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Purple </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #A63A79; color: white">  </td> <td>Maximum Red Purple </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930:_12_colors">1930: 12 colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1930: 12 colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, Binney & Smith adopted the concept of the color wheel into its own line, including orange as a principal hue, and basing the other hues on its existing colors rather than the Munsell version. This resulted in a twelve-color wheel that fit neatly into the regular Crayola lineup. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Color </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ED0A3F; color: white">  </td> <td>Red </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF4500; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Orange </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF8833; color: black">  </td> <td>Orange </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFAE42; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow-Orange </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF00; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9ACD32; color: black">  </td> <td>Yellow-Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #008001; color: white">  </td> <td>Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0D98BA; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0066FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8A2BE2; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Violet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #7F00FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C71585; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Violet </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjustments_in_1935_and_1949">Adjustments in 1935 and 1949</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adjustments in 1935 and 1949"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only significant changes to the Crayola color wheel between 1930 and 1958 occurred in 1935, when the original blue was replaced with a darker hue, and 1949, when a new version of violet was introduced: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Color </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #2EB4E6; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue (1903) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #4570E6; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue (1935) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8359A3; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet (1930) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #6456B7; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet (1949) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1958:_18_colors">1958: 18 colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1958: 18 colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1958, Binney & Smith introduced the No. 64 box, with numerous changes to the existing palette, and a major revision of the color wheel, which expanded from twelve to eighteen colors. The six intermediate hues were doubled, so that there were now two intermediate hues between each of the principal hues. The 1935 blue was replaced with a more intense color, and a new, darker blue-green was substituted for the previous version; the 1930 version of violet returned, while the 1949 violet became blue-violet, and the original blue-violet became violet-blue. The 1958 color wheel remained a fixture of Crayola crayons until 1990, when four of the colors were discontinued: orange-red, orange-yellow, green-blue, and violet-blue. Without these colors, the Crayola color wheel includes fourteen colors; there are two hues between yellow and green, and two between violet and red, but only one between the other principal hues. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Color </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF0000; color: white">  </td> <td>Red </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF681F; color: black">  </td> <td>Orange-Red </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF4500; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Orange </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FF8833; color: white">  </td> <td>Orange </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFAE42; color: white">  </td> <td>Yellow-Orange </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F5BD1F; color: white">  </td> <td>Orange-Yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFFF00; color: white">  </td> <td>Yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ADFF2F; color: white">  </td> <td>Green-Yellow </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #9ACD32; color: white">  </td> <td>Yellow-Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #008001; color: white">  </td> <td>Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0D98BA; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Green </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #1164B4; color: white">  </td> <td>Green-Blue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #0000FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #324AB2; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet-Blue </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8A2BE2; color: white">  </td> <td>Blue-Violet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #7F00FF; color: white">  </td> <td>Violet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C71585; color: white">  </td> <td>Red-Violet </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #F75394; color: black">  </td> <td>Violet-Red </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">List of Crayola crayon colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Crayola" title="Timeline of Crayola">Timeline of Crayola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colors">List of colors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This discrepancy may be due to the fact that several crayons were simply different shades of other colors; for example Chrome Green came in light, medium, and dark; in addition to Venetian Red there were Light and Dark Venetian Red; Chrome Yellow came in both light and dark varieties.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crayola No. 100 contained thirty crayons, but they were not labeled.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TableNote-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TableNote_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TableNote_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TableNote_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TableNote_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Due to several factors, the values given should only be considered approximations. The apparent color of any crayon depends on the thickness with which the wax is laid down, the color and brightness of the surface being colored, and other considerations, such as the age and quality of individual crayons. In addition, crayons are produced using pigments, which are normally described using <a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive colors</a>, with the primary colors of red, yellow, and blue; but electronic displays produce colors using the <a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive method</a>, combining the primary colors of red, green, and blue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HexNote-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HexNote_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HexNote_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HexNote_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HexNote_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HexNote_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise indicated, the hex colors were found in the source code of the Crayola website.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WelterNote-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WelterNote_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelterNote_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelterNote_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelterNote_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelterNote_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise indicated, notes regarding color names and years of use in this table are sourced to "Alphabetical List of Crayon Colors" page at Ed Welter's website<sup id="cite_ref-WelterColorNames_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelterColorNames-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swatch matches the hue of "Laser Lemon" and "Unmellow Yellow."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The digital swatch provided by Crayola gives the values 0, 51, 102, considerably darker than the actual crayon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although sometimes identified as "Maximum Black," Munsell wrappers and boxes simply identify this crayon as "Black." Since Black is achromatic and has no intermediate grades, there could be no "Middle Black" or "Maximum Black."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crayola has digital swatches labeled "Aqua" and "Aqua Marine," but Aqua is much brighter and Aqua Marine much darker than Aquamarine, which should be a lighter version of Turquoise Blue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A seventy-two crayon box was also introduced about this time, but it contained no additional colors, instead including duplicates of the eight most-used crayons. In the 1970's, the duplicates were replaced by Crayola's first specialty crayons, eight fluorescent colors that would fluoresce under black light.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The digital swatch provided by Crayola is 250, 157, 90. Although the correct hue, this color is much more intense than a tan crayon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last versions of these crayons produced before they were discontinued spelled the names without hyphens.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Crayola_crayons&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-smithmag-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smithmag_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/object_nov99.html">"The Colors of Childhood"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. November 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091022125447/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/object_nov99.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Colors+of+Childhood&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.date=1999-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory-archaeology%2Fobject_nov99.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WelterRubens1904GMWin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WelterRubens1904GMWin_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelter2020" class="citation web cs1">Welter, Ed (2020-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807003538/http://www.crayoncollecting.com/PL-1904.htm">"Crayola Product Line by Year | 1904"</a>. <i>CrayonCollecting.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayoncollecting.com/PL-1904.htm">the original</a> on 2020-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>. <q>Apr 1904 – Binney & Smith wins a Gold Medal for their An-du-Septic dustless chalk in the St. Louis World's Fair. It is this Medal that becomes the inspiration for their Gold Medal Line of crayon boxes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CrayonCollecting.com&rft.atitle=Crayola+Product+Line+by+Year+%7C+1904&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayoncollecting.com%2FPL-1904.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WelterRubens1905GMLine-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WelterRubens1905GMLine_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelter2020" class="citation web cs1">Welter, Ed (2020-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807000908/http://www.crayoncollecting.com/PL-1905.htm">"Crayola Product Line by Year | 1905"</a>. <i>CrayonCollecting.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayoncollecting.com/PL-1905.htm">the original</a> on 2020-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>. <q>1905 – Binney & Smith introduces their Gold Medal box of 8 crayons. This uses the Eagle side of their Gold Medal from the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. Though originally on one box, this would later expand to the entire line</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CrayonCollecting.com&rft.atitle=Crayola+Product+Line+by+Year+%7C+1905&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayoncollecting.com%2FPL-1905.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WelterRubens1903-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WelterRubens1903_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelter2020" class="citation web cs1">Welter, Ed (2020-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807005320/http://www.crayoncollecting.com/PL-1903.htm">"Crayola Product Line by Year | 1903"</a>. <i>CrayonCollecting.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayoncollecting.com/PL-1903.htm">the original</a> on 2020-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>. <q>June 1903 – Binney & Smith begins to sell Crayola and Rubens wax crayons. ... Replaced around 1910 with the Gold Medal line</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CrayonCollecting.com&rft.atitle=Crayola+Product+Line+by+Year+%7C+1903&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayoncollecting.com%2FPL-1903.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crayolaad1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crayolaad1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0dxNAAAAMAAJ&q=Crayola&pg=RA1-PA125"><i>New York Teachers Monographs</i></a>. Vol. 7 (No 1 ed.). New York, NY: American Book Company. Mar 1905. p. 125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+Teachers+Monographs&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=125&rft.edition=No+1&rft.pub=American+Book+Company&rft.date=1905-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0dxNAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DCrayola%26pg%3DRA1-PA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WelterColorNames-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WelterColorNames_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelterColorNames_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelterColorNames_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelter2021" class="citation web cs1">Welter, Ed (2021-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122124745/http://www.crayoncollecting.com/ccoloralpha.htm">"The Definitive History of the Colors of Crayola Reference – Alphabetical List of Crayon Colors"</a>. <i>CrayonCollecting.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayoncollecting.com/ccoloralpha.htm">the original</a> on 2021-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CrayonCollecting.com&rft.atitle=The+Definitive+History+of+the+Colors+of+Crayola+Reference+%E2%80%93+Alphabetical+List+of+Crayon+Colors&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayoncollecting.com%2Fccoloralpha.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welter-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welter_9-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ed Welter, <i>The Definitive History of the Colors of Crayola</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayoncollecting.com/index.htm">CrayonCollecting.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135051/http://www.crayoncollecting.com/index.htm">Archived</a> 2019-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEC-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CEC_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crayola: Explore Colors, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.crayola.com/explore-colors.aspx#">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701035433/http://www.crayola.com/explore-colors.aspx">Archived</a> 2015-07-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 5 May 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/385802746/?terms=crayola%2Bflesh">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Crayola banned 'flesh,'" <i>Corvallis Gazette Times,</i> January 7, 1989, page 1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180901003804/https://www.newspapers.com/image/385802746/?terms=crayola%2Bflesh">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Crayola+banned+%27flesh%2C%27%22+Corvallis+Gazette+Times%2C+January+7%2C+1989%2C+page+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F385802746%2F%3Fterms%3Dcrayola%252Bflesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/223361991/?terms=crayola%2Bflesh">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Crayola sees red over 'flesh-colored' crayons," <i>The Courier-News,</i> Bridgewater, New Jersey, March 15, 1989, page 2"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044337/https://www.newspapers.com/image/223361991/?terms=crayola%2Bflesh">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Crayola+sees+red+over+%27flesh-colored%27+crayons%2C%22+The+Courier-News%2C+Bridgewater%2C+New+Jersey%2C+March+15%2C+1989%2C+page+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F223361991%2F%3Fterms%3Dcrayola%252Bflesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chronology-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chronology_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayola.com/about-us/crayon-chronology.aspx">"Crayon & Color Info"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crayon+%26+Color+Info&rft.pub=Crayola+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayola.com%2Fabout-us%2Fcrayon-chronology.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Change of colors at Crayola, but voters save burnt sienna", <i>USA Today</i>, 11 Oct. 2003 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-10-11-crayola-colors_x.htm">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019164816/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-10-11-crayola-colors_x.htm">Archived</a> 2016-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 10 Oct. 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayola.com/faq/another-topic/what-are-the-names-of-the-retired-crayon-colors/">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019012657/http://www.crayola.com/faq/another-topic/what-are-the-names-of-the-retired-crayon-colors/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayola.com%2Ffaq%2Fanother-topic%2Fwhat-are-the-names-of-the-retired-crayon-colors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DanRet-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DanRet_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DanRet_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crayola.com,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayola.com/about-us/press-center/~/media/Crayola/About%20Us/Press%20Center%20Images/04_2017/CrayolaNationalCrayonDayPressReleaseKW330FINALBLUE.pdf">"Crayola Announces the Retirement of Dandelion on National Crayon Day"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220012/http://www.crayola.com/about-us/press-center/~/media/Crayola/About%20Us/Press%20Center%20Images/04_2017/CrayolaNationalCrayonDayPressReleaseKW330FINALBLUE.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-09-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 14 September 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meet_Bluetiful-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Bluetiful_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Bluetiful_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Bluetiful_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crayola.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crayola.com/splash/promos/newcolor">"Meet Bluetiful"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220547/http://www.crayola.com/splash/promos/newcolor">Archived</a> 2017-09-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 14 September 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colors_of_Kindness-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colors_of_Kindness_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crayola.com/-/media/Crayola/About-Us/Press-Center-Images/05_2022/Crayola-Colors-of-Kindness-Fact-Sheet-2022_FINAL.pdf">"NEW! Colors of Kindness"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Crayola.com</i>. Crayola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811055927/https://www.crayola.com/-/media/Crayola/About-Us/Press-Center-Images/05_2022/Crayola-Colors-of-Kindness-Fact-Sheet-2022_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crayola.com&rft.atitle=NEW%21+Colors+of+Kindness&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crayola.com%2F-%2Fmedia%2FCrayola%2FAbout-Us%2FPress-Center-Images%2F05_2022%2FCrayola-Colors-of-Kindness-Fact-Sheet-2022_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Crayola+crayons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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classifications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Color_classifications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Color classifications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Color_classifications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Color classifications</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color systems,<br />standards and palettes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_Media_Alliance" title="News Media Alliance">ANPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Color charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">Color palettes</a> (computer graphics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_Index_International" title="Colour Index International">Colour Index International</a> (CI <a href="/wiki/List_of_dyes" title="List of dyes">list of dyes</a>)</li> <li>Crayola <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">Crayons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIC_Corporation" title="DIC Corporation">DIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Standard_595" title="Federal Standard 595">Federal Standard 595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(colour_system)" title="HKS (colour system)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCC%E2%80%93NBS_system" title="ISCC–NBS system">ISCC–NBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsell_color_system" title="Munsell color system">Munsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Color_System" title="Natural Color System">NCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostwald_color_system" title="Ostwald color system">Ostwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantone#Pantone_Color_Matching_System" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAL_colour_standard" title="RAL colour standard">RAL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RAL colors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X11_color_names" title="X11 color names">X11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color names (alphabetic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of colors: A–F">List of colors: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of colors: G–M">List of colors: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_N%E2%80%93Z" title="List of colors: N–Z">List of colors: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colors (compact)">List of colors (compact)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variations of base colors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="background:transparent; width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Shades of red</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shades_of_red.png/90px-Shades_of_red.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shades_of_red.png/135px-Shades_of_red.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shades_of_red.png/180px-Shades_of_red.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Shades of yellow</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Color_icon_yellow.svg/90px-Color_icon_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Color_icon_yellow.svg/135px-Color_icon_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Color_icon_yellow.svg/180px-Color_icon_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Shades of green</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/90px-Color_icon_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/135px-Color_icon_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/180px-Color_icon_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Shades of cyan</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CyanIcon.png/90px-CyanIcon.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CyanIcon.png/135px-CyanIcon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CyanIcon.png/180px-CyanIcon.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Shades of blue</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Color_icon_blue.svg/90px-Color_icon_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Color_icon_blue.svg/135px-Color_icon_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Color_icon_blue.svg/180px-Color_icon_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Shades of magenta</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MagentaIcon.png/90px-MagentaIcon.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MagentaIcon.png/135px-MagentaIcon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MagentaIcon.png/180px-MagentaIcon.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Shades of orange</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Shades_of_orange.svg/90px-Shades_of_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Shades_of_orange.svg/135px-Shades_of_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Shades_of_orange.svg/180px-Shades_of_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_chartreuse" title="Shades of chartreuse">Shades of chartreuse</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_chartreuse" title="Shades of chartreuse"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Shades_of_chartreuse.svg/90px-Shades_of_chartreuse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Shades_of_chartreuse.svg/135px-Shades_of_chartreuse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Shades_of_chartreuse.svg/180px-Shades_of_chartreuse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_spring_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Shades of spring green">Shades of spring green</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spring_green" title="Spring green"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Shades_of_spring_green.svg/90px-Shades_of_spring_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Shades_of_spring_green.svg/135px-Shades_of_spring_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Shades_of_spring_green.svg/180px-Shades_of_spring_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_azure" class="mw-redirect" title="Shades of azure">Shades of azure</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_azure" title="Shades of azure"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shades_of_azure.svg/90px-Shades_of_azure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shades_of_azure.svg/135px-Shades_of_azure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shades_of_azure.svg/180px-Shades_of_azure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Shades of violet</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Color_icon_violet_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_violet_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Color_icon_violet_v2.svg/135px-Color_icon_violet_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Color_icon_violet_v2.svg/180px-Color_icon_violet_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_rose" title="Shades of rose">Shades of rose</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_rose" title="Shades of rose"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Color_icon_pink.svg/90px-Color_icon_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Color_icon_pink.svg/135px-Color_icon_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Color_icon_pink.svg/180px-Color_icon_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Shades of brown</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Color_icon_brown_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_brown_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Color_icon_brown_v2.svg/135px-Color_icon_brown_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Color_icon_brown_v2.svg/180px-Color_icon_brown_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Shades of purple</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Color_icon_purple_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_purple_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Color_icon_purple_v2.svg/135px-Color_icon_purple_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Color_icon_purple_v2.svg/180px-Color_icon_purple_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Shades of pink</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Color_icon_pink_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_pink_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Color_icon_pink_v2.svg/135px-Color_icon_pink_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Color_icon_pink_v2.svg/180px-Color_icon_pink_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">Shades of white</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Color_icon_white.svg/90px-Color_icon_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Color_icon_white.svg/135px-Color_icon_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Color_icon_white.svg/180px-Color_icon_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Shades of gray</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Color_icon_gray_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_gray_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Color_icon_gray_v2.svg/135px-Color_icon_gray_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Color_icon_gray_v2.svg/180px-Color_icon_gray_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td width="16.667%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Shades of black</a> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Color_icon_black_new2.png/90px-Color_icon_black_new2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Color_icon_black_new2.png/135px-Color_icon_black_new2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Color_icon_black_new2.png/180px-Color_icon_black_new2.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Color" title="Category:Color">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Color_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Color_topics" title="Template:Color topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Color_topics" title="Template talk:Color topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Color_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Color topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Color_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_science" title="Color science">Color science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow" title="Rainbow">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">Chromophore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_coloration" title="Structural coloration">Structural coloration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_chemicals" title="Color of chemicals">Color of chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_water" title="Color of water">Water</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution" title="Spectral power distribution">Spectral power distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Color perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromesthesia" title="Chromesthesia">Chromesthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonochromatism" title="Sonochromatism">Sonochromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_calibration" title="Color calibration">Color calibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_constancy" title="Color constancy">Color constancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_task" title="Color task">Color task</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_code" title="Color code">Color code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_vision_test" title="Color vision test">Color vision test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision" title="Evolution of color vision">Evolution of color vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_color" title="Impossible color">Impossible colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamerism_(color)" title="Metamerism (color)">Metamerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">Opponent process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_hues" title="Unique hues">Unique hues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachromacy" title="Tetrachromacy">Tetrachromacy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress">The dress</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_psychology" title="Color psychology">Color psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_symbolism" title="Color symbolism">Color symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_preferences" title="Color preferences">Color preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCscher_color_test" title="Lüscher color test">Lüscher color test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruithof_curve" title="Kruithof curve">Kruithof curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">National colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_reproduction" title="Color reproduction">Color reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_cast" title="Colour cast">Color cast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-primary_color_display" title="Multi-primary color display">Multi-primary color display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">Color model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Color mapping">Color mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/100px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/200px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_color" title="Philosophy of color">Color<br />philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">Color scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Color tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic colors">Monochromatic colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_colors" title="Complementary colors">Complementary colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogous_colors" title="Analogous colors">Analogous colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Achromatic colors (Neutral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychromatic colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-on-dark_color_scheme" title="Light-on-dark color scheme">Light-on-dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_mixing" title="Color mixing">Color mixing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">Primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">Secondary color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">Chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">Color solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">Color wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">Color triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_analysis" title="Color analysis">Color analysis</a> (fashion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_realism_(art_style)" title="Color realism (art style)">Color realism (art style)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours" title="On Vision and Colours">On Vision and Colours</a></i> (Schopenhauer)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> (Goethe)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term#Basic_color_terms" title="Color term">Basic terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown" title="Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Color_in_culture" title="Category:Color in culture">Cultural differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate" title="Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate">Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_distinction_in_language" title="Blue–green distinction in language">Blue–green distinction in language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Color history <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_in_culture" title="Blue in culture">Blue in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_in_Chinese_culture" title="Color in Chinese culture">Color in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan" title="Traditional colors of Japan">Traditional colors of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_skin_color" title="Human skin color">Human skin color</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichromatism" title="Dichromatism">Dichromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">Colorfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(color)" title="Pastel (color)">Pastel colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">Lightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">Brightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tint,_shade_and_tone" title="Tint, shade and tone">Tint, shade and tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group" title="Color Marketing Group">Color Marketing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Color Association of the United States">Color Association of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Authority" title="International Colour Authority">International Colour Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Association" title="International Colour Association">International Colour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of colors: A–F">List of colors: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of colors: G–M">List of colors: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_N%E2%80%93Z" title="List of colors: N–Z">List of colors: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colors (compact)">List of colors (compact)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">List of colors by shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">List of color palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses" title="List of color spaces and their uses">List of color spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">List of Crayola crayon colors</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Color chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RAL colors">List of RAL colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">List of web colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">Shades of:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Magenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Contrast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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