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States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015–2018_phaseout_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans fat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in 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Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A" title="دهن تقابلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دهن تقابلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_ya%C4%9Flar" title="Trans yağlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Trans yağlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9i-ho%C3%A1n-p%C3%AAng_l%C3%A2-sng" title="Tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tùi-hoán-pêng lâ-sng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Транс-мазнина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Транс-мазнина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_gras_trans" title="Àcid gras trans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àcid gras trans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafutamhiru" title="Mafutamhiru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mafutamhiru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfedtsyre" title="Transfedtsyre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Transfedtsyre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Fetts%C3%A4uren" title="Trans-Fettsäuren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trans-Fettsäuren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transrasvad" title="Transrasvad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Transrasvad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Τρανς λιπαρό οξύ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρανς λιπαρό οξύ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Trans fat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_graso_trans" title="Ácido graso trans – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ácido graso trans" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_gantz-azido" title="Trans gantz-azido – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trans gantz-azido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="چربی ترانس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چربی ترانس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_gras_trans" title="Acide gras trans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide gras trans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9" title="트랜스 지방 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트랜스 지방" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="ट्रांस वसा संबंधी अम्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्रांस वसा संबंधी अम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemak_trans" title="Lemak trans – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lemak trans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidi_grassi_trans" title="Acidi grassi trans – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acidi grassi trans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="חומצת שומן טראנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומצת שומן טראנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Өсімдік майын гидрогендеу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өсімдік майын гидрогендеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transz-zs%C3%ADrsavak" title="Transz-zsírsavak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Transz-zsírsavak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Трансмасти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трансмасти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemak_trans" title="Lemak trans – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lemak trans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvet" title="Transvet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Transvet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="トランス脂肪酸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トランス脂肪酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfett" title="Transfett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Transfett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yog%CA%BBlarni_gidrogenlash" title="Yogʻlarni gidrogenlash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yogʻlarni gidrogenlash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%82uszcze_trans" title="Tłuszcze trans – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tłuszcze trans" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordura_trans" title="Gordura trans – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gordura trans" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_gras_trans" title="Acid gras trans – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid gras trans" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Трансмасти – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Трансмасти" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Трансжиры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трансжиры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-mast" title="Trans-mast – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Trans-mast" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-mast" title="Trans-mast – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trans-mast" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transrasva" title="Transrasva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Transrasva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfett" title="Transfett – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Transfett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabang_trans" title="Tabang trans – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tabang trans" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மாறுபக்க கொழுப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாறுபக்க கொழுப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ไขมันทรานส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไขมันทรานส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_ya%C4%9F" title="Trans yağ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trans yağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Трансжири – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трансжири" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A9o_trans" title="Chất béo trans – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất béo trans" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BC%8F%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA" title="反式脂肪 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反式脂肪" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BC%8F%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA" title="反式脂肪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反式脂肪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q243465#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may not have a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&action=edit">improve this article</a> or discuss the issue on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Trans_fat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:Trans fat (not yet started)">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margarine_BMK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Margarine_BMK.jpg/220px-Margarine_BMK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Margarine_BMK.jpg/330px-Margarine_BMK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Margarine_BMK.jpg/440px-Margarine_BMK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Foods that usually have hydrogenated oils are high in trans fats.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Trans fat</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">unsaturated fat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trans fat is often produced in <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factories</a> when manufacturing certain processed foods such as <a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">margarine</a>. Trans fat occurs in nature only very rarely, found in small amounts in meat and milk fat. When <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a> are heated or when they are hydrogenated, trans fats are made. <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenation" title="Hydrogenation">Hydrogenation</a> is the process of bubbling <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> through the oil to change its consistency. The bubbling raises the <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">melting point</a> of the oil. As the hydrogen passes through, the oil begins to become <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a>. By stopping the hydrogenation part of the way through, manufacturers obtain "partially hydrogenated oil". This is similar to <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, but much cheaper to produce. It is sold as "<a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">margarine</a>", "oleo" or "vegetable <a href="/wiki/Shortening" title="Shortening">shortening</a>". The process allows cheaply adding a butter-like consistency to food products. </p><p>Trans fat is bad for human health and has been linked to a number of problems including: <a href="/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronary heart disease">coronary heart disease</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-p504_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p504-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> dysfunction,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">infertility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Healthy oils are always liquid at the temperature of blood. <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a> and trans fats are not. </p><p>There has yet to be a study which shows that trans fat is good for human health in any way. Since scientists and nutritionists now know the health issues related to eating trans fats, trans fats are being used less but there are still some in commercial food products. </p><p>For some time, the US government's <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> allowed makers of food products to label their products as having "0 grams of trans fat per serving" as long as the amount of trans fat in the food product falls below 0.5 grams per serving. Since partially hydrogenated oils are the major source of trans fat, reading the "<a href="/wiki/Ingredient" title="Ingredient">ingredients</a>" label is the safest way to ensure that a food does not contain any trans fat at all. Fried foods will likely, but not necessarily, contain trans fat since fried foods are produced by using very hot oil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2015–2018_phaseout_in_the_United_States"><span id="2015.E2.80.932018_phaseout_in_the_United_States"></span>2015–2018 phaseout in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: 2015–2018 phaseout in the United States" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: 2015–2018 phaseout in the United States"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration began to gradually stop the use of trans fats in all foods. It says there is no safe amount of trans fats that should be in food eaten by humans. </p><p>In June 2015, the FDA issued a final statement. It says there is no agreement by scientists that <a href="/wiki/Artificial" title="Artificial">artificial</a> trans fatty acids are safe for any use in human food.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trans fat must be taken out of all food production within three years (by June 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FDA says the ban will cost the food industry $6.2 billion over 20 years. The food industry must use new formulas and recipes using ingredients without trans fat. The benefits will be about $140 billion over 20 years. This will be mostly from lower health care costs. Food companies can issue requests to the FDA for permission to use partially hydrogenated oils. The companies must prove the oils' use is safe.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg2015_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKuhntBaehrRohrerJahreis2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhnt K, Baehr M, Rohrer C, Jahreis G (October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229980">"Trans fatty acid isomers and the trans-9/trans-11 index in fat containing foods"</a>. <i>European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology</i>. <b>113</b> (10): 1281–1292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fejlt.201100037">10.1002/ejlt.201100037</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229980">3229980</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22164125">22164125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Lipid+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Trans+fatty+acid+isomers+and+the+trans-9%2Ftrans-11+index+in+fat+containing+foods&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1281-1292&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3229980%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22164125&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fejlt.201100037&rft.aulast=Kuhnt&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Baehr%2C+M&rft.au=Rohrer%2C+C&rft.au=Jahreis%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3229980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p504-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-p504_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFood_and_nutrition_board,_institute_of_medicine_of_the_national_academies2005" class="citation book cs1">Food and nutrition board, institute of medicine of the national academies (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309085373/html/504.html"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients)</i></a>. National Academies Press. p. 504.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Energy%2C+Carbohydrate%2C+Fiber%2C+Fat%2C+Fatty+Acids%2C+Cholesterol%2C+Protein%2C+and+Amino+Acids+%28Macronutrients%29&rft.pages=504&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Food+and+nutrition+board%2C+institute+of+medicine+of+the+national+academies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin.nap.edu%2Fbooks%2F0309085373%2Fhtml%2F504.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since January 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Dam_RM,_Stampfer_M,_Willett_WC,_Hu_FB,_Rimm_EB2002" class="citation journal cs1">van Dam RM, Stampfer M, Willett WC, Hu FB, Rimm EB (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_diabetes-care_2002-03_25_3/page/417">"Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men"</a>. <i>Diabetes Care</i>. <b>25</b> (3): 417–424. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2337%2Fdiacare.25.3.417">10.2337/diacare.25.3.417</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874924">11874924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+Care&rft.atitle=Dietary+fat+and+meat+intake+in+relation+to+risk+of+type+2+diabetes+in+men&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=417-424&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2337%2Fdiacare.25.3.417&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11874924&rft.au=van+Dam+RM%2C+Stampfer+M%2C+Willett+WC%2C+Hu+FB%2C+Rimm+EB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_diabetes-care_2002-03_25_3%2Fpage%2F417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHu_FB,_van_Dam_RM,_Liu_S2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hu FB, van Dam RM, Liu S (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_diabetologia_2001-07_44_7/page/805">"Diet and risk of Type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate"</a>. <i>Diabetologia</i>. <b>44</b> (7): 805–817. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs001250100547">10.1007/s001250100547</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11508264">11508264</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10989290">10989290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetologia&rft.atitle=Diet+and+risk+of+Type+II+diabetes%3A+the+role+of+types+of+fat+and+carbohydrate&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=805-817&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10989290%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11508264&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs001250100547&rft.au=Hu+FB%2C+van+Dam+RM%2C+Liu+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_diabetologia_2001-07_44_7%2Fpage%2F805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGosline2006" class="citation news cs1">Gosline, Anna (2006-06-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206173730/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn9318&feedId=online-news_rss20">"Why fast foods are bad, even in moderation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn9318&feedId=online-news_rss20">the original</a> on 2007-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Why+fast+foods+are+bad%2C+even+in+moderation&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft.aulast=Gosline&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle.ns%3Fid%3Ddn9318%26feedId%3Donline-news_rss20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMahfouz_M1981" class="citation journal cs1">Mahfouz M (1981). "Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on the delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturases of rat liver microsomes in vivo". <i>Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica</i>. <b>40</b> (12): 1699–1705. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7345825">7345825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Biologica+et+Medica+Germanica&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+trans+fatty+acids+on+the+delta+5%2C+delta+6+and+delta+9+desaturases+of+rat+liver+microsomes+in+vivo&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1699-1705&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7345825&rft.au=Mahfouz+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFChavarro_Jorge_E,_Rich-Edwards_Janet_W,_Rosner_Bernard_A_and_Willett_Walter_C2007" class="citation journal cs1">Chavarro Jorge E, Rich-Edwards Janet W, Rosner Bernard A and Willett Walter C (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/1/231">"Dietary fatty acid intakes and the risk of ovulatory infertility"</a>. <i>American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>85</b> (1): 231–237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F85.1.231">10.1093/ajcn/85.1.231</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17209201">17209201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+fatty+acid+intakes+and+the+risk+of+ovulatory+infertility&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=231-237&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajcn%2F85.1.231&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17209201&rft.au=Chavarro+Jorge+E%2C+Rich-Edwards+Janet+W%2C+Rosner+Bernard+A+and+Willett+Walter+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajcn.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F85%2F1%2F231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/06/17/2015-14883/determinations-partially-hydrogenated-oils">"Final Determination Regarding Partially Hydrogenated Oils"</a>. 17 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Determination+Regarding+Partially+Hydrogenated+Oils&rft.date=2015-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Farticles%2F2015%2F06%2F17%2F2015-14883%2Fdeterminations-partially-hydrogenated-oils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg2015_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg2015_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEdneyGiammona2015" class="citation web cs1">Edney, Anna; Giammona, Craig (16 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-16/u-s-bans-trans-fat-in-a-boost-for-palm-oil-and-a-blow-for-pie">"U.S. Bans Trans Fat"</a>. Bloomberg L.P<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Bans+Trans+Fat&rft.pub=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft.aulast=Edney&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Giammona%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2015-06-16%2Fu-s-bans-trans-fat-in-a-boost-for-palm-oil-and-a-blow-for-pie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATrans+fat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lipids" title="Template:Lipids"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Lipids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Lipids (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Lipids&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_lipids" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Saturation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">Unsaturated fat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monounsaturated_fatty_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monounsaturated fatty acid (not yet started)">Monounsaturated fatty acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyunsaturated_fatty_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyunsaturated fatty acid (not yet started)">Polyunsaturated fatty acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_fatty_acid" title="Essential fatty acid">Essential fatty acid</a></li> <li><i>Other</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trans fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">Omega−3 fatty acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">Omega−6 fatty acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega-9_fatty_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega-9 fatty acid (not yet started)">Omega−9 fatty acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arachidonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arachidonic acid (not yet started)">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostaglandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostaglandin (not yet started)">Prostaglandins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostacyclin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostacyclin (not yet started)">Prostacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thromboxane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thromboxane (not yet started)">Thromboxane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leukotriene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leukotriene (not yet started)">Leukotrienes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Fatty acids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caprylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caprylic acid (not yet started)">Caprylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capric_acid" title="Capric acid">Capric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauric_acid" title="Lauric acid">Lauric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myristic_acid" title="Myristic acid">Myristic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">Palmitic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearic_acid" title="Stearic acid">Stearic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arachidic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arachidic acid (not yet started)">Arachidic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Behenic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behenic acid (not yet started)">Behenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignoceric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lignoceric acid (not yet started)">Lignoceric acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyceride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyceride (not yet started)">Glycerides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoglyceride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monoglyceride (not yet started)">Monoglyceride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diglyceride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diglyceride (not yet started)">Diglyceride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">Triglyceride</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triheptanoin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triheptanoin (not yet started)">Triheptanoin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimyristin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimyristin (not yet started)">Trimyristin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripalmitin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripalmitin (not yet started)">Tripalmitin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stearin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stearin (not yet started)">Tristearin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linolein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linolein (not yet started)">Trilinolein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triolein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triolein (not yet started)">Triolein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">Phospholipids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphatidylserine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphatidylserine (not yet started)">Phosphatidylserine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphatidylinositol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphatidylinositol (not yet started)">Phosphatidylinositol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphatidylethanolamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine (not yet started)">Phosphatidyl ethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardiolipin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cardiolipin (not yet started)">Cardiolipin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (not yet started)">Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingolipid (not yet started)">Sphingolipids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceramide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceramide (not yet started)">Ceramide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex steroid">Sex steroids</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secosteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secosteroid (not yet started)">Secosteroids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&oldid=9817836">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trans_fat&oldid=9817836</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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