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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construction history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Construction history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Construction_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fagus_owner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fagus_owner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fagus owner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fagus_owner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Construction system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فاغوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاغوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0brica_Fagus" title="Fàbrica Fagus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fàbrica Fagus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tov%C3%A1rna_Fagus" title="Továrna Fagus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Továrna Fagus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus-Werk" title="Fagus-Werk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fagus-Werk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1brica_Fagus" title="Fábrica Fagus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fábrica Fagus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارخانه فاگوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارخانه فاگوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usine_Fagus" title="Usine Fagus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Usine Fagus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1brica_Fagus" title="Fábrica Fagus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fábrica Fagus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvornica_Fagus" title="Tvornica Fagus – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tvornica Fagus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officine_Fagus" title="Officine Fagus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Officine Fagus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%93" title="מפעל פאגוס באלפלד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפעל פאגוס באלפלד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფაგუსის ქარხანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფაგუსის ქარხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus_gamykla" title="Fagus gamykla – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fagus gamykla" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81" title="Фабрика Фагус – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фабрика Фагус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabbrika_ta%27_Fagus" title="Fabbrika ta' Fagus – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fabbrika ta' Fagus" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagusfabriek" title="Fagusfabriek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fagusfabriek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%A5%E5%A0%B4" title="ファグス工場 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファグス工場" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagusverket" title="Fagusverket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fagusverket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabryka_obuwia_Fagus_w_Alfeld" title="Fabryka obuwia Fagus w Alfeld – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fabryka obuwia Fagus w Alfeld" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1brica_Fagus" title="Fábrica Fagus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fábrica Fagus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Фабрика Фагуса в Альфельде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фабрика Фагуса в Альфельде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tov%C3%A1re%C5%88_Fagus" title="Továreň Fagus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Továreň Fagus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81" title="Фабрика Фагус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фабрика Фагус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus-Werk" title="Fagus-Werk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fagus-Werk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagusverken" title="Fagusverken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fagusverken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus_Fabrikas%C4%B1" title="Fagus Fabrikası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fagus Fabrikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81" title="Фабрика Фагус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фабрика Фагус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_Fagus" title="Nhà máy Fagus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà máy Fagus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="法古斯工廠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法古斯工廠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fagus_Factory&params=51_59_1_N_9_48_40_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°59′1″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°48′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.98361°N 9.81111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.98361; 9.81111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">UNESCO World Heritage Site in Lower Saxony, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Fagus Factory in Alfeld</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg/260px-Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg/390px-Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg/520px-Fagus_Gropius_Hauptgebaeude_200705_wiki_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfeld" title="Alfeld">Alfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii), (iv)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1368">1368</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2011 (35th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">1.88 ha (4.6 acres)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">18.89 ha (46.7 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fagus_Factory&params=51_59_1_N_9_48_40_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°59′1″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°48′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.98361°N 9.81111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.98361; 9.81111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fagus Factory is located in Germany"><img alt="Fagus Factory is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg/250px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg/375px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg/500px-Relief_Map_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.448%;left:43.111%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fagus Factory"><img alt="Fagus Factory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Fagus Factory in Germany</div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fagus Factory is located in Lower Saxony"><img alt="Fagus Factory is located in Lower Saxony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Lower_Saxony_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="1509" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.014%;left:62.474%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fagus Factory"><img alt="Fagus Factory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Fagus Factory (Lower Saxony)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lower Saxony</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Fagus Factory</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Fagus Fabrik</i> or <i>Fagus Werk</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Last" title="Last">shoe last</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Alfeld_(Leine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfeld (Leine)">Alfeld on the Leine</a>, Lower Saxony, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, is an important example of early <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a>. Commissioned by owner Carl Benscheidt who wanted a radical structure to express the company's break from the past, the factory was designed by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Meyer_(architect)" title="Adolf Meyer (architect)">Adolf Meyer</a>. It was constructed between 1911 and 1913, with additions and interiors completed in 1925. Because of its influence in the development of modern architecture and outstanding design, the factory has been listed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg/220px-AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg/330px-AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg/440px-AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AEG_turbine_factory" title="AEG turbine factory">AEG turbine factory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The building that had the greatest influence on the Fagus factory design was the 1909 <a href="/wiki/AEG_turbine_factory" title="AEG turbine factory">AEG turbine factory</a> in Berlin, designed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a>. Gropius and Meyer had both worked on the project and with the Fagus factory they presented their interpretation and criticism of their teacher’s work. The Fagus main building can be seen as an inversion of the AEG turbine factory. Both have corners free of supports, and glass surfaces between piers that cover the whole height of the building. However, in the AEG turbine factory the corners are covered by heavy elements that slant inside. The glass surfaces also slant inside and are recessed in relation to the piers. The load-bearing elements are attenuated and the building has an image of stability and monumentality. In the Fagus factory exactly the opposite happens; the corners are left open and the piers are recessed leaving the glass surface to the front.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gropius describes this transformation by saying, </p> <blockquote><p>"The role of the walls becomes restricted to that of mere screens stretched between the upright columns of the framework to keep out rain, cold and noise"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>At the time of the design of the Fagus factory, Gropius was collecting photographs of industrial buildings in the USA to be used for a <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a> publication. The design of these American factories was also a source of inspiration for Fagus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_history">Construction history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fagus_owner">Fagus owner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fagus owner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Behrens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Carl_Behrens.png/220px-Carl_Behrens.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Carl_Behrens.png/330px-Carl_Behrens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Carl_Behrens.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Carl Behrens, c. 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>Carl Benscheidt (1858–1947) founded the Fagus company in 1910. He had then started by working for Arnold Rikkli, who practised <a href="/wiki/Naturopathic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturopathic medicine">naturopathic medicine</a>, and it was there that he learned about orthopedic shoe <a href="/wiki/Last" title="Last">lasts</a>. In 1887 Benscheidt was hired by the shoe last manufacturer Carl Behrens as works manager in his factory in Alfeld. After the death of Behrens in 1896, Benscheidt became general manager of the company, which was on its way to being one of the biggest in that sector in Germany. In October 1910, he resigned from his position because of differences with Behrens's son.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commission">Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his resignation Benscheidt immediately started his own company. He established a partnership with an American company acquiring both capital and expertise. He bought the land directly opposite Behrens's factory and hired the architect Eduard Werner (1847–1923), whom he knew from an earlier renovation of the Behrens factory. Although Werner was a specialist in factory design, Benscheidt was not pleased with the outside appearance of his design. His factory was separated from Behrens’s by a train line and Benscheidt thought of the building's elevation on that side (north) as a permanent advertisement for his factory.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1911 he contacted Walter Gropius and offered him the job of redesigning the facades of Werner's plan. Gropius accepted the offer and a long collaboration began that continued until 1925 when the last buildings on the site were completed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During construction, Gropius and his partner Meyer were under great pressure to keep up to the rhythm of work. Construction started in May 1911 based on Werner's plans and Benscheidt wanted the factory to be running by winter of the same year. This was achieved in great part and in 1912 Gropius and Meyer were designing the interiors of the main building and secondary smaller buildings on the site.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In order to pay the additional costs of Gropius’s design, Benscheidt and his American partners had decided on a smaller building than the one that was actually planned. By winter 1912 it was clear that the factory could not keep up with the number of orders and a major expansion was decided. This time the contract went directly to Gropius and Meyer and, from now on, they were to be the only architects of the Fagus buildings. The expansion practically doubled the surface of the buildings by adding to the street (south) side. This gave the opportunity to create a proper street elevation. Initially the main elevation was considered the north elevation that faced the railway and Behrens's factory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Work on the expansion started in 1913 and it was barely finished when World War I broke out. During the war it was possible to do only minor works such as the power house and the chimney stack that became a prominent characteristics of the building complex.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the war the work continued with the addition of minor buildings such as the porter's lodge and the enclosure wall. During that time the architects, in collaboration with teachers and students from the <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a>, designed the interiors and furniture of the main building. They also recommended to Benscheidt various designers for the publicity campaign of Fagus. From 1923 to 1925, the architects were also working on a new expansion, but this never took place. It was not until 1927 that Benscheidt wrote to Gropius to explain that all activities should stop until further notice due to financial difficulties.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building">Building</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The building that is commonly referred to as the Fagus building is the main building. It was constructed in 1911 according to Werner's plan but with the glass facades designed by Gropius and Meyer and then expanded in 1913. The Fagus building has a 40-centimeter high, dark brick base that projects from the facade by 4 centimeters. The entrance with the clock is part of the 1913 expansion. The interiors of the building, which contained mainly offices, were finished in the mid 20s. The other two big buildings on the site are the production hall and the warehouse. Both were constructed in 1911 and expanded in 1913. The production hall is a one-storey building. It was almost invisible from the railway (north) elevation and acquired a proper facade after the expansion. The warehouse is a four-storey building with few openings. Its design followed the original plan by Werner closely, and it is left out from many of the photographs. Apart from them, the site contains various small buildings designed by Gropius and Meyer. Gropius and Meyer were able to enforce only minor changes in the overall layout of the factory complex. Overall, Werner's intended layout for the individual buildings within the complex was carried out; greater uniformity and coherence were achieved, however, through Gropius and Meyer's reductionism in form, material, and color.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_system">Construction system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many years, people thought that the main building was made of concrete or steel, because of its glass façade. However, during its renovation during the 80s, it became clear that this was not the case. Jürgen Götz, the engineer responsible for the renovation since 1982, describes the construction system like this: </p> <blockquote><p>"The main building was erected on top of a structurally stable basement with flat caps. Nonreinforced concrete (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressed_concrete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compressed concrete (page does not exist)">compressed concrete</a>), mixed with pebble dashing was used for the basement walls, an unfortunate blend unable to support great individual loads. From the basement upward, the building rose in plain brickwork with reinforced wood floors. The ceilings were underpinned with a formwork shell and finished in rough-cast plaster on the services installation side. The floors were composed of planks on loose sleepers – that is, sleepers that were not fixed between the floor joists. Hence, the ceilings in the main building were not continuous shears and thus were unable to fulfill the necessary bracing function."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The same kind of misunderstanding exists about the glass façade of the building that many writers describe as a <a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(architecture)" title="Curtain wall (architecture)">curtain wall</a> similar to the one Gropius used for the <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_Dessau_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauhaus Dessau building">Bauhaus Dessau building</a>. Götz describes it like this: </p> <blockquote><p>"The window openings were intrados frames composed of L beams; the internal membering with horizontal and vertical <a href="/wiki/Muntin" title="Muntin">muntins</a> was differentiated in that all the verticals appeared more slender on the outside, while the horizontals appeared wider. These fames were, however, only floor-to-floor height, screwed to the building on four sides; one string course that reached across the three floors consisted, in fact, of three different sections. Along the side of the building, 3-millimetre-thick steel plates sealed the wedge between window frame and piers."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This description applies only to the main building. Götz note that the other buildings were much simpler and some of them were actually concrete and/or steel constructions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For the first time a complete facade is conceived in glass. The supporting piers are reduced to narrow mullions of brick. The corners are left without any support, yielding an unprecedented sense of openness and continuity between inside and out. The expression of the flat roof has also changed. Only in the building [the <a href="/wiki/Steiner_House" title="Steiner House">Steiner House</a>, Vienna] by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Adolf Loos</a> which was done one year before the Fagus Factory, have we seen the same feeling for the pure cube. Another exceedingly important quality of Gropius's building is that, thanks to the large expanses of clear glass, the usual hard separation of exterior and interior is annihilated.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nikolaus Pevsner, <i>Pioneers of Modern Design</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Although constructed with different systems, all of the buildings on the site give a common image and appear as a unified whole. The architects achieved this by the use of some common elements in all the buildings. The first one is the use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on steel frames that go around the corners of the buildings without a visible (most of the time without any) structural support. The other unifying element is the use of brick. All buildings have a base of about 40 cm of black brick and the rest is built of yellow bricks. The combined effect is a feeling of lightness or as Gropius called it "etherealization".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In order to enhance this feeling of lightness, Gropius and Meyer used a series of optical refinements like greater horizontal than vertical elements on the windows, longer windows on the corners and taller windows on the last floor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The design of the building was oriented to the railroad side. Benscheidt considered that the point of view of the passengers on the trains was the one that determined the image of the building and placed great weight on the facade on that side. It was already noted by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a> (with whom Gropius and Meyer were working one year before starting work on the Fagus factory) that architects should take account of the way the speed of modern transportation affects the way architecture is perceived. Gropius had also commented the subject in his writings. According to the historian of architecture Annemarie Jaeggi these thoughts were important in the design of Fagus: </p> <blockquote> <p>"The animated fluctuation in height, the change between horizontal structure and vertical rhythms, heavy closed volumes and light dissolved fabrics, are indicators of an approach that deliberately utilized contrasts while arriving at a harmony of opposites in a manner best expressed as a pictorial or visual structure created from the perspective of the railroad tracks."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagus-Werke-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fagus-Werke-01.jpg/200px-Fagus-Werke-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fagus-Werke-01.jpg/300px-Fagus-Werke-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fagus-Werke-01.jpg/400px-Fagus-Werke-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagus-Werke-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Fagus-Werke-02.jpg/150px-Fagus-Werke-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Fagus-Werke-02.jpg/225px-Fagus-Werke-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Fagus-Werke-02.jpg/300px-Fagus-Werke-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagus-Werke-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fagus-Werke-03.jpg/200px-Fagus-Werke-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fagus-Werke-03.jpg/300px-Fagus-Werke-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fagus-Werke-03.jpg/400px-Fagus-Werke-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unesco-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1368">"Fagus Factory in Alfeld"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Fagus+Factory+in+Alfeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFagus+Factory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaeggi (2000) pages 43-44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Gropius, "The New Architecture and the Bauhaus", London, 1937, p.22-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more information on Carl Benscheidt see Jaeggi (2000), pages 11–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaeggi (2000) pages 89-103 are dedicated to the advertisement campaigns of Fagus and the way Gropius and other <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> members were involved.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartz (1996) pages 187–190 contains an analysis of the Fagus building as advertisement.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Götz, page 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Götz, page 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pevsner (1949), page 214. On Pevsner and the Fagus see also Schwartz (1996) pages 4–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaeggi (2000) page 38</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Götz, Jürgen. "Maintaining Fagus", in Jaeggi (2000) pages 133-141</li> <li>Jaeggi, Annemarie (2000). <i>Fagus: Industrial Culture from Werkbund to Bauhaus</i>, New York, Princeton Architectural Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56898-175-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56898-175-9">1-56898-175-9</a></li> <li>Pevsner, Nikolaus (1949) Pioneers of Modern Design <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10571-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10571-1">0-300-10571-1</a></li> <li>Schwartz, Frederic J. (1996). <i>The Werkbund: Design Theory and Mass Culture before the First World War</i>, New Haven and London, Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06898-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06898-0">0-300-06898-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_Factory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fagus-werk.com/">Official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1368">Fagus Factory in Alfeld : UNESCO Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://architectuul.com/architecture/fagus-factory">Fagus Factory</a> by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://architectuul.com">Architectuul</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Walter_Gropius106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Walter_Gropius" title="Template:Walter Gropius"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Walter_Gropius" title="Template talk:Walter Gropius"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Walter_Gropius" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Walter Gropius"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Walter_Gropius106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fagus Factory</a> (1911–1913) (with <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Meyer_(architect)" title="Adolf Meyer (architect)">Adolf Meyer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_Dessau" title="Bauhaus Dessau">Bauhaus Dessau</a> (1925–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill_Centre" title="Kurt Weill Centre">Kurt Weill Centre</a> (1925–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_March_Dead" title="Monument to the March Dead">Monument to the March Dead</a> (1922, destroyed, 1936; reconstructed, 1947) (with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Forb%C3%A1t" title="Fred Forbát">Fred Forbát</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/66_Old_Church_Street,_Chelsea" title="66 Old Church Street, Chelsea">66 Old Church Street, Chelsea</a> (1935–1936) (with <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Fry" title="Maxwell Fry">Maxwell Fry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gropius_House" title="Gropius House">Gropius House</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_M._Hagerty_House" title="Josephine M. Hagerty House">Josephine M. Hagerty House</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impington_Village_College" title="Impington Village College">Impington Village College</a> (1938–1939) (with <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Fry" title="Maxwell Fry">Maxwell Fry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldenmark" title="Waldenmark">Waldenmark</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alan_I_W_Frank_House" title="The Alan I W Frank House">The Alan I W Frank House</a> (1939–1940) (with <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_City_Terrace" title="Aluminum City Terrace">Aluminum City Terrace</a> (completion, 1942) (with <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter-Gropius-Haus_(Berlin)" title="Walter-Gropius-Haus (Berlin)">Walter-Gropius-Haus (Berlin)</a> (1957) (with <a href="/wiki/The_Architects_Collaborative" title="The Architects Collaborative">The Architects Collaborative</a> and Wils Ebert)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Reese_Hospital" title="Michael Reese Hospital">Michael Reese Hospital</a> (original plan for 8 buildings, 1946–1959; demolished 2009-2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Baghdad" title="University of Baghdad">University of Baghdad</a> (1957–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gropiusstadt" title="Gropiusstadt">Gropiusstadt</a> (buildings complex, completion, 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Athens" title="Embassy of the United States, Athens">Embassy of the United States, Athens</a> (1960–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Building" title="MetLife Building">MetLife Building</a> (1959–1963) (with Richard Roth and <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Belluschi" title="Pietro Belluschi">Pietro Belluschi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Federal_Building" title="John F. Kennedy Federal Building">John F. Kennedy Federal Building</a> (1963–1966) (with <a href="/wiki/The_Architects_Collaborative" title="The Architects Collaborative">The Architects Collaborative</a> and Samuel Glaser)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_East" title="Tower East">Tower East</a> (completion, 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Museum_of_Art" title="Huntington Museum of Art">Huntington Museum of Art</a> (enlargement project, 1968–1970, with <a href="/wiki/The_Architects_Collaborative" title="The Architects Collaborative">The Architects Collaborative</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Carras" title="Porto Carras">Porto Carras</a> (original project, 1973–1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other buildings (supporting work)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fsiedlung_Siemensstadt" title="Großsiedlung Siemensstadt">Großsiedlung Siemensstadt</a> (1929–1931) (co-authorship with six architects)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thacher_Junior_High_School" title="Peter Thacher Junior High School">Peter Thacher Junior High School</a> (main authorship by <a href="/wiki/The_Architects_Collaborative" title="The Architects Collaborative">The Architects Collaborative</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_High_School" title="Wayland High School">Wayland High School</a> (1959–1960) (main authorship by Herbert Gallagher and John "Chip" Harkness)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Sinai_%E2%80%93_Oheb_Shalom_Congregation" title="Har Sinai – Oheb Shalom Congregation">Temple Oheb Shalom</a> (completion, 1960) (consulting architect to Sheldon I. Leavitt)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_and_its_Sites_in_Weimar,_Dessau_and_Bernau" title="Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau">Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Back_Bay_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Back Bay Center">The Back Bay Center</a> (unrealised project, 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werkbund_Exhibition_(1914)" title="Werkbund Exhibition (1914)">Werkbund Exhibition (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Architects_Collaborative" title="The Architects Collaborative">The Architects Collaborative</a> (co-founder)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bride_of_the_Wind" title="Bride of the Wind">Bride of the Wind</a></i> (2001 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and relationships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gropius" title="Martin Gropius">Martin Gropius</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mahler" title="Alma Mahler">Alma Mahler</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manon_Gropius" title="Manon Gropius">Manon Gropius</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_Gropius_Johansen" title="Ati Gropius Johansen">Ati Gropius Johansen</a> (stepdaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Meyer_(architect)" title="Adolf Meyer (architect)">Adolf Meyer</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Fry" title="Maxwell Fry">Maxwell Fry</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a> (collaborator)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/20px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/30px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/40px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">World Heritage Sites</span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Germany</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div><i>For official site names, see each article or the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of World Heritage Sites in Germany</span></a>.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Northern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADGB_Trade_Union_School" title="ADGB Trade Union School">ADGB Trade Union School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Modernism_Housing_Estates" title="Berlin Modernism Housing Estates">Berlin Modernism Housing Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_City_Hall" title="Bremen City Hall">Bremen Town Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bremen_Roland" title="Bremen Roland">Roland on the Marketplace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fagus Factory in Alfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedeby" title="Hedeby">Hedeby</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a> Archaeological Border Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_Cathedral" title="Hildesheim Cathedral">St. Mary's Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hildesheim" title="St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim">St. Michael's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Island" title="Museum Island">Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Hanseatic City of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin" title="Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammelsberg" title="Rammelsberg">Mines of Rammelsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Historic Town of Goslar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Harz_Water_Regale" title="Upper Harz Water Regale">Upper Harz Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speicherstadt" title="Speicherstadt">Speicherstadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kontorhaus_District" title="Kontorhaus District">Kontorhaus District</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chilehaus" title="Chilehaus">Chilehaus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li>Historic Centres of <a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Germany_(cultural_area)" title="Central Germany (cultural area)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Central</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_and_its_Sites_in_Weimar,_Dessau_and_Bernau" title="Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau">Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessau-W%C3%B6rlitz_Garden_Realm" title="Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm">Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Elbe_Valley" title="Dresden Elbe Valley">Dresden Elbe Valley</a></s> <i>(delisted in 2009)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountain_Mining_Region" title="Ore Mountain Mining Region">Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Luther Memorials in <a href="/wiki/Eisleben" title="Eisleben">Eisleben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskau_Park" title="Muskau Park">Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naumburg_Cathedral" title="Naumburg Cathedral">Naumburg Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartburg" title="Wartburg">Wartburg Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Weimar_(World_Heritage_Site)" title="Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)">Classical Weimar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Western</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustusburg_and_Falkenlust_Palaces,_Br%C3%BChl" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl">Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Germanic_Limes" title="Lower Germanic Limes">Lower Germanic Limes</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Gorge" title="Rhine Gorge">Upper Middle Rhine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Monuments,_Cathedral_of_St_Peter_and_Church_of_Our_Lady_in_Trier" title="Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier">Roman Monuments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trier_Cathedral" title="Trier Cathedral">Cathedral of St. Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liebfrauenkirche,_Trier" title="Liebfrauenkirche, Trier">Church of Our Lady</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" title="Speyer Cathedral">Speyer Cathedral</a></li> <li>ShUM cities of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_courtyard,_Speyer" title="Jewish courtyard, Speyer">Speyer</a>, Worms and Mainz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lklingen_Ironworks" title="Völklingen Ironworks">Völklingen Ironworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollverein_Coal_Mine_Industrial_Complex" title="Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex">Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Southern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Water_Management_System" title="Augsburg Water Management System">Augsburg Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Town of Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_and_Ice_Age_Art_in_the_Swabian_Jura" title="Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura">Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt</a></li> <li>Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria<sup><small>7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a>:<sup><small>3</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulbronn_Monastery" title="Maulbronn Monastery">Maulbronn Monastery Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margravial_Opera_House" title="Margravial Opera House">Margravial Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichenau_Island" title="Reichenau Island">Monastic Island of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieskirche" title="Wieskirche">Pilgrimage Church of Wies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_Residence" title="Würzburg Residence">Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Natural</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messel_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Messel pit">Messel Pit Fossil Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_the_Ancient_Beech_Forests_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany">Ancient Beech Forests</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">United Kingdom</span></a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Southern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a></li> <li><sup>5</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Albania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bulgaria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Croatia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North Macedonia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Romania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Spain</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ukraine</span></a></li> <li><sup>6</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Netherlands</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Denmark</span></a></li> <li><sup>7</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovakia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a></li> <li><sup>8</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czechia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">UK</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1424" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1424" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685476#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/225888297">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100145542389396640162">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1032643919">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98112857">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fagus-Werk (Alfeld, Dolní Sasko, Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0212454&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007601965105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20036154">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fagus-Werk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/90d8222e-c2ad-4247-a4b0-2c21ae8706e4">MusicBrainz place</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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