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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Process of handling motions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process_of_handling_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposing_motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposing_motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proposing motions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proposing_motions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Proposing motions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proposing_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Previous_notice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_notice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Previous notice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_notice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_of_motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_of_motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classification of motions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification_of_motions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification of motions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification_of_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_motion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_motion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Main motion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_motion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiary_motion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiary_motion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Subsidiary motion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiary_motion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privileged_motion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privileged_motion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Privileged motion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privileged_motion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidental_motion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidental_motion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Incidental motion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidental_motion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Motions that bring a question again before the assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_on_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_on_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rules on use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules_on_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules on use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules_on_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strategic_use_of_motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_use_of_motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Strategic use of motions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_use_of_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dilatory_tactics_and_motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dilatory_tactics_and_motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Dilatory tactics and motions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dilatory_tactics_and_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewal_of_motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewal_of_motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Renewal of motions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewal_of_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Legislatures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Legislatures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>National Legislatures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_Legislatures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National Legislatures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_Legislatures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>The Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrag" title="Antrag – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antrag" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moci%C3%B3n" title="Moción – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="प्रस्ताव (संसदीय प्रक्रिया) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रस्ताव (संसदीय प्रक्रिया)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozione_parlamentare" title="Mozione parlamentare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mozione parlamentare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasi%C5%ABlymas_(parlamentin%C4%97_proced%C5%ABra)" title="Pasiūlymas (parlamentinė procedūra) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pasiūlymas (parlamentinė procedūra)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motie" title="Motie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Motie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%AD%B0" title="動議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="動議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representantforslag" title="Representantforslag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Representantforslag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вопрос (собрания) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вопрос (собрания)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_(f%C3%B6rslag)" title="Motion (förslag) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Motion (förslag)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C)" title="تحریک (پارلیمانی کاروائی) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تحریک 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member of a <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">deliberative assembly</a> that the assembly take a particular action. These may include legislative motions, budgetary motions, supplementary budgetary motions, and petitionary motions. </p><p>The possible motions in a deliberative assembly are determined by a pre-agreed volume detailing the correct parliamentary procedure, such as <a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order" title="Robert's Rules of Order">Robert's Rules of Order</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_Code_of_Parliamentary_Procedure" title="The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure">The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</a>; or <a href="/wiki/Walter_Citrine,_1st_Baron_Citrine" title="Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine">Lord Citrine</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_ABC_of_Chairmanship" class="mw-redirect" title="The ABC of Chairmanship">The ABC of Chairmanship</a></i>. Motions are used in conducting business in almost all legislative bodies worldwide, and are used in meetings of many church vestries, corporate boards, and fraternal organizations. </p><p>Motions can bring new business before the assembly or consist of numerous other proposals to take procedural steps or carry out other actions relating to a pending proposal (such as postponing it to another time) or to the assembly itself (such as taking a recess). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A motion is a formal proposal by a member to do something.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motions are the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Group_decision-making" title="Group decision-making">group decision-making</a> process.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They focus the group on what is being decided. </p><p>Generally, a motion should be phrased in a way to take an action or express an opinion. A motion to not do something should not be offered if the same result can happen without anything being done.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a motion could result in confusion if the assembly does not want to not do it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process_of_handling_motions">Process of handling motions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Process of handling motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process of handling motions generally involves the following steps, depending on the motion and the rules of order in use:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>A member <a href="/wiki/Recognition_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Recognition (parliamentary procedure)">obtains the floor</a> and makes a motion.</li> <li>Another member <a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">seconds</a> the motion.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chair</a> states the motion.</li> <li>Members <a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">debate</a> the motion.</li> <li>The chair puts the motion to a vote.</li> <li>The chair announces the results of the vote and what happens with the motion.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposing_motions">Proposing motions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Proposing motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A motion is proposed by a member of the body, for the consideration of the body as a whole. Generally, the person making the motion, known as the mover, must first be recognized by the chairman as being entitled to speak; this is known as obtaining the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the mover has obtained the floor, the mover states the motion, normally prefixed with the phrase "I move."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, at a <a href="/wiki/Meeting_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Meeting (parliamentary procedure)">meeting</a>, a member may say, "I move that the group donate $5 to Wikipedia." </p><p>Instead of being given verbally, a motion may be made in writing, in which case it is called a proposed or draft resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the motion is in writing, the mover says "I move the resolution at the desk" or "I move the following resolution" and then reads it. </p><p>Generally, once the motion has been proposed, consideration by the assembly occurs only if another member of the body immediately <a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">seconds</a> the motion. </p><p>Once the chair states the motion, it becomes the property of the assembly and the mover cannot modify it or withdraw it without the assembly's consent.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_notice">Previous notice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Previous notice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Previous notice</b> is an announcement that a motion will be introduced at a future meeting of a deliberative assembly. Previous notice can be given in one of two ways. A member either announces it at a meeting of the assembly, in which case the secretary is to record it in the <a href="/wiki/Minutes" title="Minutes">minutes</a>, or notifies the secretary outside of the meeting. In either case, the secretary is to include in the <a href="/wiki/Meeting_(parliamentary_procedure)#Call_of_the_meeting" title="Meeting (parliamentary procedure)">call of the next meeting</a> the motion's text, often accompanied by the name of the person who intends to move it. Certain motions – specifically, the motions to adopt or amend special rules of order, rescind, repeal or annul or amend something previously adopted, amend standing rules in a <a href="/wiki/Convention_(meeting)" title="Convention (meeting)">convention</a>, discharge a committee, and postpone an event or action previously scheduled – are more difficult to pass if previous notice has not been given.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often, a majority of the entire membership or a two-thirds vote is required if previous notice has not been given.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rule is intended to protect the rights of absent members. Sometimes, when moving a motion of which notice has been given, a member, instead of reading aloud the entire text, will simply say "I move the motion which stands in my name". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_motions">Classification of motions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Classification of motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different types of motions. <a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order" title="Robert's Rules of Order"><i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR)</i></a> divides motions into five classes:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Main motions, those that bring business before the assembly when no other motion is pending. This is the most common type of motion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Subsidiary motions, which affect the main motion being considered.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Privileged motions, which are urgent matters that must be dealt with immediately, even if they interrupt pending business.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Incidental motions, which relate in different ways to the business at hand.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Motions that bring a matter again before the assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Classes 2, 3 and 4 are collectively referred to as "<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="secondary_motions"></span><span class="vanchor-text">secondary motions</span></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_Code_of_Parliamentary_Procedure" title="The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure">The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</a></i> treats the fifth class as a type of main motion, under the title "Restorative Main Motions".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Mason%27s_Manual_of_Legislative_Procedure" title="Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure">Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure</a></i> has a similar classification of motions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> have their own specialized motions as provided in the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Standing Rules of the United States Senate">Standing Rules of the United States Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">procedures of the United States House of Representatives</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliaments</a> also have their own specialized motions. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> there are broadly three categories of motion:- </p><p>1) Substantive Motion </p><p>2) Substitute Motion </p><p>3) Subsidiary Motion- it is further classified into ancillary motion, supersiding motion and amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_motion">Main motion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Main motion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Main motion (RONR)</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Main_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Main motion">Main motion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">Requires second</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Debatable</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reconsideration_of_a_motion" title="Reconsideration of a motion">May be reconsidered</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Amend_(motion)" title="Amend (motion)">Amendable</a>?</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Voting_basis" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting basis">Vote required</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Majority</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>main motion</b> is a motion that brings business before the assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Main motions are made while no other motion is pending. Any of the subsidiary, incidental and privileged motions may be made while the main motion is pending, and in many cases these motions, if passed, will affect the assembly's consideration of the main motion. </p><p>When greater formality is desired, the main motion may be made in the form of a <b>resolution</b>, which is always submitted in writing.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Preamble" title="Preamble">preamble</a> containing several paragraphs explaining background information or justification for the proposed action is often included, but is not required.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Normally, this is a motion that introduces a substantive question as a new subject, in which case it is also called an <b>original main motion</b><i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, it is an <b>incidental main motion</b>, examples of which are the motions to adopt recommendations of a committee, to ratify action previously taken without a quorum, to rescind an action previously taken, or to adjourn or recess while no main motion is pending.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike original main motions, incidental main motions cannot have an <a href="/wiki/Objection_to_the_consideration_of_the_question" class="mw-redirect" title="Objection to the consideration of the question">objection to the consideration of the question</a> applied to them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiary_motion">Subsidiary motion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subsidiary motion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>subsidiary motion</b> is a type of motion by which a deliberative assembly deals directly with a main motion prior to (or instead of) voting on the main motion itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each subsidiary motion ranks higher than the main motion and lower than the privileged motions, and also yields to applicable incidental motions. Some of the subsidiary motions may also be applied to certain other subsidiary motions, incidental motions and privileged motions. </p><p><i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i> recognizes seven subsidiary motions. Ranked lowest to highest in order of precedence, they are the motions to:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_indefinitely" title="Postpone indefinitely">Postpone indefinitely</a>—to end consideration of the main motion for the balance of that session, without a direct vote on the main motion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amend_(motion)" title="Amend (motion)">Amend</a>—to change the main motion. (May also be applied to certain other motions).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commit_(motion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commit (motion)">Commit or Refer</a>—to send the main motion and any pending subsidiary motions to a committee for consideration.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_to_a_certain_time" title="Postpone to a certain time">Postpone to a certain time</a> (or Postpone Definitely, or Postpone) -- to delay consideration of the main motion and any pending subsidiary motions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limit_or_extend_limits_of_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Limit or extend limits of debate">Limit or extend limits of debate</a>—to change limitations on number or length of speeches from those previously adopted.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Previous_question" title="Previous question">Previous Question</a>—to close debate, preclude any further amendments and vote immediately. (May apply to any motion or pending series of motions.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Table (parliamentary)">Lay on the Table</a>—to suspend consideration of the main motion and any pending subsidiary motions to allow for immediate consideration of more urgent business.</li></ol> <p><i>The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</i> differs as follows: </p> <ul><li>The motion to Postpone Indefinitely is omitted. The motion to Table (or Postpone Temporarily) is used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The motion for the Previous Question is instead called the motion to Close Debate.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privileged_motion">Privileged motion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Privileged motion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>privileged motion</b> is a motion that is granted precedence over ordinary business because it concerns matters of great importance or urgency. Such motions are not debatable, although in case of questions of privilege, the chair may feel the need to elicit relevant facts from members. </p><p>According to <i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i>, the privileged motions are, in order of precedence:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Fix_the_time_to_which_to_adjourn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fix the time to which to adjourn">Fix the time to which to adjourn</a>, if another question is pending.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjourn_(motion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjourn (motion)">Adjourn</a>, but not if qualified or if adjournment would dissolve the assembly.</li> <li>Take a <a href="/wiki/Recess_(motion)" title="Recess (motion)">recess</a>, if another question is pending.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_a_question_of_privilege" title="Raise a question of privilege">Raise a question of privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_for_the_orders_of_the_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Call for the orders of the day">Call for orders of the day</a></li></ol> <p><i>The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</i> omits Fix the time to which to adjourn, instead providing that the motion to adjourn may be amended with regard to the time to which to adjourn. This book also omits Call for orders of the day, on the grounds that any member may raise a point of order if the scheduled order of business is not being followed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidental_motion">Incidental motion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Incidental motion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <b>incidental motion</b> is a motion that relates in varying ways to the main motion and other parliamentary motions. </p><p><i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i> lists the following incidental motions: <a href="/wiki/Appeal_(motion)" title="Appeal (motion)">appeal the decision of the chair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consideration_by_paragraph_or_seriatim" class="mw-redirect" title="Consideration by paragraph or seriatim">consideration by paragraph or seriatim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Division_of_a_question" title="Division of a question">division of a question</a>, <a href="/wiki/Division_(vote)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (vote)">division of the assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motions_relating_to_nominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Motions relating to nominations">motions relating to nominations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motions_relating_to_methods_of_voting_and_the_polls" class="mw-redirect" title="Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls">motions relating to methods of voting and the polls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objection_to_the_consideration_of_a_question" title="Objection to the consideration of a question">objection to the consideration of a question</a>, <a href="/wiki/Point_of_order" title="Point of order">point of order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Request_to_be_excused_from_a_duty" class="mw-redirect" title="Request to be excused from a duty">request to be excused from a duty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suspend_the_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspend the rules">suspend the rules</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries" title="Requests and inquiries">requests and inquiries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_inquiry_(parliamentary_procedure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary inquiry (parliamentary procedure)">parliamentary inquiry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Request_for_information_(parliamentary_procedure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Request for information (parliamentary procedure)">request for information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Request_for_permission_to_withdraw_or_modify_a_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion">request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Request_to_read_papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Request to read papers">request to read papers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Request_for_any_other_privilege" class="mw-redirect" title="Request for any other privilege">request for any other privilege</a>). Most incidental motions are undebatable.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the privileged and subsidiary motions, incidental motions have no order of precedence among themselves. They take precedence over any pending question out of which they arise.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some incidental motions are only legitimately incidental at certain times or under certain conditions. For instance, the objection to the consideration of a question can only be raised before there has been any debate.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly">Motions that bring a question again before the assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Motions that bring a question again before the assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Motions that bring a question again before the assembly</b> are types of motions that are used to consider again a question that was previously disposed of. </p><p><i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i> groups four motions under the classification name of "Motions that bring a question again before the assembly", because by their adoption or by their introduction, they serve the function described by the name of the class:<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Table (parliamentary)">Take from the table</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rescind_or_amend_something_previously_adopted" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescind or amend something previously adopted">Rescind or amend something previously adopted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discharge_a_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Discharge a committee">Discharge a committee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reconsider" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconsider">Reconsider</a>. Except for the motion to Reconsider, these motions are main motions and can only be made when no business is pending. </p><p><i>The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</i> classifies five "bring back" motions under the classification of main motions but lists them under the title of "Restorative Main Motions":<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amend a previous action, Ratify, Reconsider, Rescind, and Resume Consideration. This book treats the motion to rescind and the motion to amend something previously adopted as two distinct motion forms under the "Restorative Main Motions" title. Also, the motion to discharge a committee is not used in this book because it allows a motion previously referred to committee to be withdrawn from the committee by the assembly. The motion to <a href="/wiki/Ratify" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratify">ratify</a> is also included in this group.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Demeter%27s_Manual_of_Parliamentary_Law_and_Procedure" title="Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure">Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure</a></i> uses the term, "restoratory", for a group of six motions that restored or brought a question back before the assembly:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expunge, Ratify, Rescind, Reconsider, Reconsider and Enter, and Take from the table. These "restoratory" motions are quasi-main motions that restore the status quo of a question; that is, they bring a question back to its original status—as it was prior to the last vote on it.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_on_use">Rules on use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rules on use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally only one motion can be considered at a time. There is a precedence, or ranking of the motions, when multiple motions are made.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each type of motion exists for a specific purpose. However, motions have been used beyond their stated purpose. Motions should not be made for dilatory or improper uses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_use_of_motions">Strategic use of motions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Strategic use of motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Motions can accomplish results beyond their stated and obvious purpose. An example in <i>Robert's Rules of Order</i> is using the motion to postpone indefinitely in order to enable members who have exhausted their right of debate on the main question an opportunity to speak further and to test the strength of opposition to the question, since <a href="/wiki/Straw_poll" title="Straw poll">straw polls</a> are not in order.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example of strategic use of motions is moving to reconsider in order to "clinch" a decision on the primary motion and prevent its reconsideration later, since a failed motion to reconsider cannot be reconsidered without unanimous consent.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since it is not possible to amend an amendment to an amendment, a member desiring to prevent amendments to his proposed language can do so by including it in a secondary amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another parliamentary maneuver, which has been used in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, is the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">nuclear option</a>" in which a majority sidesteps the two-thirds vote requirement to suspend the rules by raising a point of order in favor of their favored interpretation of the rules, followed by an appeal in which the interpretation is then imposed by a majority vote.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dilatory_tactics_and_motions">Dilatory tactics and motions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dilatory tactics and motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dilatory tactics or motions are those tactics used to delay or obstruct business, annoy the deliberative assembly, or, in legislative procedure, to delay consideration of a subject. Unlike using motions for strategic purposes, using them for dilatory purposes is not allowed. Reasonableness is often used as a criterion in deciding whether a motion is dilatory. Some types of motions are suitable only for specific circumstances, and their use is otherwise absurd and dilatory. </p><p>For instance, a motion to refer (commit) a resolution to a committee is dilatory if its object would be defeated by the delay in taking action.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A motion to appeal the ruling of the chair is dilatory if there cannot possibly be two reasonable opinions about the ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, a motion for a division of the assembly is dilatory if the results of the voice vote are already clear to any reasonable person.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The repetitive use of privileged motions can also be dilatory, such as repeatedly moving to adjourn when it has been voted down and nothing indicates that the assembly wants to end the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A presiding officer has a duty to protect the assembly from the abuse of parliamentary processes for dilatory purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chair can rule the motions out of order or refuse to recognize the member, but the maker of the motion should be given the benefit of the doubt.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In legislative bodies, dilatory motions can take the form of demanding <a href="/wiki/Quorum_call" title="Quorum call">quorum calls</a> and votes at every opportunity. Another dilatory tactic is for members to not answer when their name is called during the quorum roll call. The problem of dilatory tactics in such bodies dates back to the beginnings of parliamentary procedure in England and the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Manual" title="Jefferson's Manual">Jefferson's Manual</a></i>, for instance, only requires the Speaker to direct a bill to be read upon the desire of any member "if the request is really for information and not for delay."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US Senate, there are no formal rules against dilatory tactics except under <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">cloture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1831 and 1900, dilatory votes to adjourn composed more than 10 percent of all Senate votes, and successfully delayed recognition of Louisiana's Reconstruction government until 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sarah Binder, in the <a href="/wiki/46th_United_States_Congress" title="46th United States Congress">46th United States Congress</a>, motions to adjourn consumed 23 percent of all floor votes.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaker <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Thomas Brackett Reed</a> famously took countermeasures against dilatory tactics, such as ruling dilatory motions out of order, and was sustained by the house. Some legislatures impose quotas on dilatory motions. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">Nova Scotia House of Assembly</a> imposes a maximum of one motion to <a href="/wiki/Hoist_(motion)" title="Hoist (motion)">hoist</a>, one motion to refer to a committee, and one reasoned amendment per reading.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rules of the U.S. Congress as revised in 1911 declare that no dilatory motion shall be entertained by the Speaker. </p><p>The term "dilatory motion" does not always refer to an ill-intentioned motion. In Canada, "dilatory" motions refer to those "designed to dispose of the original question before the House either for the time being or permanently," and includes, for instance, motions to proceed to the orders of the day; postpone definitely; adjourn; and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a> held that such types of dilatory motions are useful, stating, "Precipitation may arise from two causes: from ignorance, when a judgment is formed without the collection of all the information required—from passion, when there is not the necessary calm for considering the question in all its aspects."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renewal_of_motions">Renewal of motions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Renewal of motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Renewal</b> of a motion is the act of bringing up again a motion that has already been disposed of by the deliberative assembly. Generally, the assembly cannot be asked to decide the same question, or substantially the same question, as one it has already decided upon in the same <a href="/wiki/Session_(parliamentary_procedure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Session (parliamentary procedure)">session</a>. </p><p>The underlying principle behind the non-renewal of a motion dates back to at least April 2, 1607, when the House of Commons adopted a rule "That a question being once made, and carried in the affirmative or negative, cannot be questioned again, but must stand as a judgement of the House".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the past 400 years, various rules have evolved by precedent to allow and manage renewal of motions under specific circumstances. </p><p>Renewal of motions is closely tied to the parliamentary concept of "session". Sessions in ordinary societies usually consist of one meeting, but <a href="/wiki/Legislative_session" title="Legislative session">legislative sessions</a> can continue for months or years. A motion that has been rejected (voted down) in one session, cannot be easily brought up again in that session, but can be renewed in following sessions as a new motion. <i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i> provides exceptions to non-renewal through the motions to Reconsider, Rescind, or Amend Something Previously Adopted. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British House of Commons</a>, a motion or an amendment which is the same, in substance, as a question which has been decided during a session may not be renewed again in that same session.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such substantive motions can be renewed in succeeding sessions as new motions. Reversals of earlier decisions can be done by Repeal of a Standing Order, Annulment, or Rescission. The repeal of a standing order is normally made as part of an order creating a new standard order. An annulment is used to declare proceedings to be null and void because of some form of irregularity in procedure. Renewals in the form of a rescission of a resolution made in earlier sessions is not prohibited by the practice of the House of Commons, but is seldom done. Technically it is regarded as a new question: the form being to read the previous resolution of the House and to move that it be rescinded. This power of rescission has been used sparingly and then only in the case of substantive motions. The reasons why open rescission is so rare is that the House instinctively realizes that parliamentary government requires the majority to abide by a decision regularly come to, however unexpected, and that it is unfair to resort to methods, whether direct or indirect, to reverse such a decision. Essentially this is a safeguard for the rights of the minority.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Legislatures">National Legislatures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: National Legislatures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In both Houses of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, motions can be classified in two separate categories: motions of which notice does not have to be given and motions of which notice must be given. </p><p>Motions belonging to the first category are mostly ones which deal with procedural points, such as <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">motions to close debate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Previous_question" title="Previous question">to invoke the previous question</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_to_adjourn" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion to adjourn">to adjourn consideration of a matter before the House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_to_sit_in_private" title="Motion to sit in private">or to sit in private</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motions belonging to the first category constitute the large majority of motions considered by the House. If a Member intends to move one, he must first notify the Chair of the motion's text. Thereafter, if the Government (which is in charge of parliamentary business) decides to allow debate on that motion to be held, and to set a day on which such debate will be held, the motion's text will appear on that day's <a href="/wiki/Order_Paper" title="Order Paper">Order Paper</a>, next to the name of the Member who intends to move it. At the beginning of the sitting, the Presiding Officer shall call on the Member whose name is the first to appear on the Order Paper to move his or her motion. This is often done by saying "I beg to move", followed by the entire text of the motion, or more simply by saying "I beg to move the motion which stands in my name on the Order Paper". After debate on that motion has ended (and the motion itself has either been put up to a vote or withdrawn), the Presiding Officer shall call upon the Member whose name is the second to appear on the Order Paper, and the process is repeated until either all motions on the Order Paper have been debated or the sitting has been adjourned.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motions which have not yet been granted by the Government a day on which to be debated are called <a href="/wiki/Early_day_motions" class="mw-redirect" title="Early day motions">early day motions</a>. </p><p>Similar rules apply in most <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> Parliaments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Netherlands">The Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In both the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> of the Netherlands, members may present motions, often to urge a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a> to change their policy or budget, or as a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a>. Such motions are usually presented near the end of a plenary or commission debate. In the Senate, a motion must be supported by at least 5 senators, though this is not required in the House. House motions are more common than Senate motions. </p><p>In the House, motions are voted on during the weekly voting period of the plenary debate, usually after the hour of question time on Tuesday. Before the voting period starts, the concerned member of the Cabinet may utter their judgement on every submitted motion, according to the table below </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Judgement </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Take on </td> <td>The Cabinet member agrees with the motion and takes it on in their policy, provided no members of the House urge for a vote. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Discouraged </td> <td>The Cabinet member has objections to the motion and advises the House against adopting it. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unacceptable </td> <td>The Cabinet member has fundamental objections to a motion (such as consequences for keeping their position). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hold* </td> <td>The Cabinet member advises the Member to hold the motion, for instance to provide time for extra information to come out. </td></tr> <tr> <td>House judgement </td> <td>The Cabinet member has no strong opinions and will agree with and take on the judgement of the House. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>*If the Member who presented the motion does not want to hold, the Cabinet member has to give another judgement to the motion. </p><p>Motions are, like proposed laws, usually voted on by <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)#Current_composition" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">party</a>, though any member may request a <a href="/wiki/Roll_call_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Roll call vote">roll call vote</a>. If a motion is accepted, the Cabinet is not required to take it on, though they usually do. Motions are very common in both Houses, as the House of Representatives alone submits and votes on several thousands of motion a year.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot measure">Ballot measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">Bill (law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motions" title="List of motions">List of motions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">Resolution (law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes%E2%80%93no_question" title="Yes–no question">Yes–no question</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert2011" class="citation book cs1">Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order" title="Robert's Rules of Order">Robert's Rules of Order</a> Newly Revised</i> (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82020-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82020-5"><bdi>978-0-306-82020-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert%27s+Rules+of+Order+Newly+Revised&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82020-5&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_III2011" class="citation book cs1">Robert III, Henry M.; et al. 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Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82019-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82019-9"><bdi>978-0-306-82019-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert%27s+Rules+of+Order+Newly+Revised+In+Brief&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=19&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82019-9&rft.aulast=Robert+III&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertsrules.com%2Finbrief.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, pp. 104–105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert_III2011">Robert III 2011</a>, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/marleaumontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?Sec=Ch12&Seq=4&Language=E">"The Process of Debate - Moving a Motion"</a>. <i>www.parl.gc.ca</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parl.gc.ca&rft.atitle=The+Process+of+Debate+-+Moving+a+Motion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fmarleaumontpetit%2FDocumentViewer.aspx%3FSec%3DCh12%26Seq%3D4%26Language%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert_III2011">Robert III 2011</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, pp. 105–106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Sturgis, Alice (2001). <i>The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</i>, 4th ed., p. 36 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2010" class="citation book cs1">Mason, Paul (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/documents/pubs/2010masonsmanualcontents.pdf"><i>Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+Paper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ferskinemay.parliament.uk%2Fsection%2F6448%2Forder-paper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://erskinemay.parliament.uk/section/4755/moving-of-motions">"Moving of motions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moving+of+motions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ferskinemay.parliament.uk%2Fsection%2F4755%2Fmoving-of-motions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrogvv2/motie">"Motie - Parlement.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motie+-+Parlement.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvh8lnhrogvv2%2Fmotie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoom2022" class="citation news cs1">Boom, Wilco (22 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2457351-recordaantal-moties-in-een-jaar-ingediend-in-tweede-kamer">"Recordaantal moties in één jaar ingediend in Tweede Kamer"</a>. <i>NOS Nieuws</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS+Nieuws&rft.atitle=Recordaantal+moties+in+%C3%A9%C3%A9n+jaar+ingediend+in+Tweede+Kamer&rft.date=2022-12-22&rft.aulast=Boom&rft.aufirst=Wilco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2457351-recordaantal-moties-in-een-jaar-ingediend-in-tweede-kamer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/moties_6">"Moties - Eerste Kamer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moties+-+Eerste+Kamer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fmoties_6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotion+%28parliamentary+procedure%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliamentary_procedure" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeting_(parliamentary_procedure)#Session" title="Meeting (parliamentary procedure)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">Quorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_(legislative)" title="Floor (legislative)">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Recognition (parliamentary procedure)">Recognition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Debate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Main_motion">Main motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)#Order_of_business" title="Agenda (meeting)">Order of business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutes" title="Minutes">Minutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies" title="Voting methods in deliberative assemblies">Voting methods in deliberative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Subsidiary_motion">Subsidiary motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_indefinitely" title="Postpone indefinitely">Postpone indefinitely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amend_(motion)" title="Amend (motion)">Amend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee#Commit_(motion)" title="Committee">Commit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_to_a_certain_time" title="Postpone to a certain time">Postpone to a certain time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)#Motion_to_limit_or_extend_limits_of_debate" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Limit or extend limits of debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Previous_question" title="Previous question">Previous question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Table (parliamentary procedure)">Lay on the table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Privileged_motion">Privileged motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)#Call_for_the_orders_of_the_day" title="Agenda (meeting)">Call for the orders of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_a_question_of_privilege" title="Raise a question of privilege">Raise a question of privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_(break)#Parliamentary_procedure" title="Recess (break)">Recess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment#Motion_to_adjourn" title="Adjournment">Adjourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment#Motion_to_Fix_the_time_to_which_to_adjourn" title="Adjournment">Fix the time to which to adjourn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Incidental_motion">Incidental motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_order" title="Point of order">Point of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_(motion)" title="Appeal (motion)">Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules" title="Suspension of the rules">Suspend the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objection_to_the_consideration_of_a_question" title="Objection to the consideration of a question">Objection to the consideration of a question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_a_question" title="Division of a question">Division of a question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consideration_by_paragraph_or_seriatim" class="mw-redirect" title="Consideration by paragraph or seriatim">Consideration by paragraph or seriatim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly" title="Division of the assembly">Division of the assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies#Motions_relating_to_methods_of_voting_and_the_polls" title="Voting methods in deliberative assemblies">Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomination#Motions_relating_to_nominations" title="Nomination">Motions relating to nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_motion" title="Prayer motion">Prayer motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_to_be_excused_from_a_duty" title="Requests and inquiries">Request to be excused from a duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries" title="Requests and inquiries">Requests and inquiries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Parliamentary_inquiry" title="Requests and inquiries">Parliamentary inquiry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_information" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_permission_to_withdraw_or_modify_a_motion" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_to_read_papers" title="Requests and inquiries">Request to read papers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_any_other_privilege" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for any other privilege</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly">Motions that bring a question<br />again before the assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Table (parliamentary procedure)">Take from the table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal#Parliamentary_procedure" title="Repeal">Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee#Discharge_a_committee" title="Committee">Discharge a committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconsideration_of_a_motion" title="Reconsideration of a motion">Reconsider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure#Legislatures" title="Parliamentary procedure">Legislative procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_of_the_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Call of the house">Call of the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoist_(motion)" title="Hoist (motion)">Hoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_to_pass_on" title="Motion to pass on">Motion to pass on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Recall of Parliament">Recall of Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_procedures" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplinary procedures">Disciplinary procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declare_the_chair_vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Declare the chair vacant">Declare the chair vacant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_(motion)" title="Impeach (motion)">Impeach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Naming (parliamentary procedure)">Naming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_authority" title="Parliamentary authority">Parliamentary authorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order" title="Robert's Rules of Order">Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</a></i> (RONR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_Code_of_Parliamentary_Procedure" title="The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure">The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</a></i> (TSC or Sturgis)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demeter%27s_Manual_of_Parliamentary_Law_and_Procedure" title="Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure">Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riddick%27s_Rules_of_Procedure" title="Riddick's Rules of Procedure">Riddick's Rules of Procedure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mason%27s_Manual_of_Legislative_Procedure" title="Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure">Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erskine_May:_Parliamentary_Practice" title="Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice">Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Manual" title="Jefferson's Manual">Jefferson's <i>Manual</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_Parliamentaria" title="Lex Parliamentaria">Lex Parliamentaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odgers%27_Australian_Senate_Practice" title="Odgers' Australian Senate Practice">Odgers' Australian Senate Practice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_Practice" title="House of Representatives Practice">House of Representatives 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