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>六韜</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="si-ma-fa/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="si-ma-fa/zh" >司馬法</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wei-liao-zi/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="wei-liao-zi/zh" >尉繚子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="three-strategies/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="three-strategies/zh" >三略</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47090" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="menuitem" id="m47090" href="mathematics/zh" >算書</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<a class="menuitem" id="m45173" href="hai-dao-suan-jing/zh" >海島算經</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="nine-chapters/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="nine-chapters/zh" >九章算術</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sunzi-suan-jing/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="sunzi-suan-jing/zh" >孫子算經</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="顯示資料來源" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=59500&if=gb&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">顯示資料來源<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhou-bi-suan-jing/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="zhou-bi-suan-jing/zh" >周髀算經</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47091" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="menuitem" id="m47091" href="miscellaneous-schools/zh" >雜家</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="顯示資料來源" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=58481&if=gb&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">顯示資料來源<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="huainanzi/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="huainanzi/zh" >淮南子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lv-shi-chun-qiu/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="lv-shi-chun-qiu/zh" >呂氏春秋</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gui-gu-zi/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="gui-gu-zi/zh" >鬼谷子</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="顯示資料來源" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41628&if=gb&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">顯示資料來源<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yin-wen-zi/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yin-wen-zi/zh" >尹文子</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="顯示資料來源" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41676&if=gb&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">顯示資料來源<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="deng-xi-zi/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="deng-xi-zi/zh" >鄧析子</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47092" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="menuitem" id="m47092" href="histories/zh" >史書</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="顯示資料來源" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=285360&if=gb&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">顯示資料來源<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shiji/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shiji/zh" >史記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="chun-qiu-zuo-zhuan/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="chun-qiu-zuo-zhuan/zh" >春秋左傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lost-book-of-zhou/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="lost-book-of-zhou/zh" >逸周書</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guo-yu/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="guo-yu/zh" >國語</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yanzi-chun-qiu/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yanzi-chun-qiu/zh" >晏子春秋</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wu-yue-chun-qiu/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="wu-yue-chun-qiu/zh" >吳越春秋</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="顯示資料來源" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=80223&if=gb&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">顯示資料來源<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yue-jue-shu/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yue-jue-shu/zh" >越絕書</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhan-guo-ce/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="zhan-guo-ce/zh" >戰國策</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yan-tie-lun/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yan-tie-lun/zh" >鹽鐵論</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lie-nv-zhuan/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="lie-nv-zhuan/zh" >列女傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guliang-zhuan/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="guliang-zhuan/zh" >春秋穀梁傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gongyang-zhuan/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="gongyang-zhuan/zh" >春秋公羊傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="han-shu/zh" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="han-shu/zh" >漢書</a><br /> 　<span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x68780" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="menuitem" id="m68780" href="qian-han-ji/zh" >前漢紀</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68782" href="qian-han-ji/xu/zh" >序</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68784" href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-yi/zh" >高祖皇帝紀一</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68790" href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-er/zh" >高祖皇帝紀二</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68795" href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-san/zh" >高祖皇帝紀三</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68801" href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-si/zh" >高祖皇帝紀四</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68809" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-hui-huang-di-ji/zh" >孝惠皇帝紀</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68822" href="qian-han-ji/gao-hou-ji/zh" >高后紀</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68834" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wen-huang-di-ji-shang/zh" >孝文皇帝紀上</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68847" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wen-huang-di-ji-xia/zh" >孝文皇帝紀下</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68865" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-jing-huang-di-ji/zh" >孝景皇帝紀</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68887" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wu-huang-di-ji-yi/zh" >孝武皇帝紀一</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68896" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wu-huang-di-ji-er/zh" >孝武皇帝紀二</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68902" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wu-huang-di-ji-san/zh" >孝武皇帝紀三</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68912" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wu-huang-di-ji-si/zh" >孝武皇帝紀四</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68923" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wu-huang-di-ji-wu/zh" >孝武皇帝紀五</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68940" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-wu-huang-di-ji-liu/zh" >孝武皇帝紀六</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68953" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-zhao-huang-di-ji/zh" >孝昭皇帝紀</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68970" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-xuan-huang-di-ji-yi/zh" >孝宣皇帝紀一</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68980" href="qian-han-ji/xiao-xuan-huang-di-ji-er/zh" >孝宣皇帝紀二</a><br /> 　　<a class="menuitem" id="m68986" 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id="comm68791"></div>漢元年冬十月。五星聚于東井。從歲星也。東井。秦之分野。五星所聚。是謂易行。有德者昌。無德者殃。沛公至霸上。秦王子嬰素車白馬。繫頸以組。奉皇帝璽降于軹道旁。沛公執之以屬吏。於是秦遂亡矣。本傳曰。賈生之過秦曰。秦孝公據崤函之固。擁雍州之地。君臣固守以闚周室。有席卷天下并吞八荒之心。當此之時。商君佐之。內立法度。務耕織。修守戰之備。外連橫而鬥諸侯。於是秦人拱手而取西河之外。及惠文武昭襄。蒙故業。因遺策。南取漢中。西取巴蜀。東割膏腴之地。收要害之郡。諸侯恐懼。會盟而謀弱秦。合從締交。相與為一。常以十倍之地。百萬之軍。仰關而攻秦。秦人開關延敵。九國之師。逡巡而不敢進。秦無亡矢遺鏃之費。而天下已困矣。於是從散約敗。爭割地而賂秦。秦有餘力而制其弊。追亡逐北。伏尸百萬。流血漂櫓。因利乘便。宰割天下。分裂山河。彊國請伏。弱國入朝。及至始皇。奮六世之餘烈。振長策而御宇內。吞二周而亡諸侯。履至尊而制六合。南取北粵之地。以為桂林象郡。百越之君。頫首繫頸。委命下吏。乃使蒙恬。北築長城而守藩籬。郤匈奴七百餘里。然後踐華為城。因河為池。據億丈之峻。臨不測之深以為固。良將勁弩。守要害之地。信臣精卒。陳利兵而誰何。天下已定。始皇之心。自以關中之固。萬世之業也。於是廢先王之典。焚百家之言。以威力為至道。以權詐為要術。百姓失望。而天下懷怨矣。故陳涉起於行陣之間。將數萬之眾。轉鬥而攻秦。斬木為兵。揭竿為旗。天下雲合響應。贏糧而影從。山東豪傑。並起而亡秦族矣。夫秦以區區之地。致萬乘之權。然後以六合為家。崤函為宮。一夫作難。而七廟隳。身死人手。為天下笑者。何也。仁義不施。而攻守之勢異也。沛公入咸陽。宮室婦女珍寶犬馬之飾甚盛。欲留之。張良諫沛公曰。秦為無道。故使沛公得至於此。今始至秦。即安其樂。此助桀為虐也。乃還軍霸上。諸將皆爭取秦寶貨。蕭何獨悉收秦圖書。十有一月。沛公與秦人約法三章。殺人者死，傷人者刑，及盜抵罪。吏人皆安堵如故。民爭獻牛酒。又讓不受。於是民知德義矣。沛公乃遣兵距關。欲王關中。是時項羽率諸侯兵四十萬眾。號百萬眾。西至新安。卒心不服出怨言。羽乃夜擊之。坑秦降卒二十餘萬人。十有二月。遂至鴻門。欲擊沛公。項羽季父項伯告張良令出。良曰。今事急亡去則不義。乃告沛公。令見項伯。自解于項羽。沛公遂見羽於鴻門。亞父范增欲擊沛公。羽不聽。范增謂項莊曰。汝入以劍舞。因擊沛公。項莊既舞。項伯常以身蔽沛公。於是甚急。賢成君樊噲聞之。杖劍楯衝門而入。立於帳下。羽曰。壯士哉。賜之卮酒豚肩。既飲酒。拔劍切肉。肉盡。因責讓羽曰。沛公先定關中。以待大王。今大王聽讒臣之言。乃欲誅沛公。臣恐天下解心疑大王也。所以遣兵守關者。以備他盜也。羽默然。遂無誅。沛公乃還霸上。范增怒曰。吾屬今為沛公虜矣。羽遂殺子嬰。收其寶貨婦女而東。燒秦宮室。火三月不滅。韓生說羽令都關中。羽曰。富貴不歸故鄉。如衣錦夜行。韓生曰。人謂楚人曰沐猴而冠。果然。羽聞之怒。殺韓生。羽所過殘賊。秦人失望。春正月。羽陽尊懷王為義帝。徙之長沙。都郴。羽自立為西楚霸王。王梁楚地九郡。都彭城。立沛公為漢王。王巴蜀漢中四十一縣。都南鄭。三分關中。立秦三將。章邯為雍王。司馬忻為塞王。董翳為翟王。黥布為九江王。徙趙王歇為代王。立張耳為常山王。徙魏王豹為西魏王。徙燕王廣為遼東王。燕將臧荼為燕王。徙齊王市為膠東王。齊將田都為齊王。趙將司馬邛數有功。立為殷王。瑕丘申陽先下河南。迎楚王於河上。立陽為河南王。吳芮率百越佐諸侯。立芮為衡山王。義帝柱國共敖。別將擊河南功多。立敖為臨江王。舊齊王建之孫田安。初以濟北數城降。立為濟北王。田榮背項梁。陳餘不從入關。故皆不王。然素聞餘賢。封南皮三縣為鄱君。別將枚鋗功多。封十萬戶侯。夏四月。諸侯皆就國。漢王欲叛楚。蕭何諫曰。雖王漢中之惡。不猶愈於死乎。且語稱天漢。其稱甚美。夫能屈於一人之下。則伸於萬人之上。湯武是也。願大王王漢。撫其民以致賢人。收用巴蜀。還定三秦。天下可圖也。乃就國。賜曹參爵為建成侯。樊噲為臨武侯。張良燒絕棧道。示無還心。良因絕棧道而還於韓。於是沛公遂至南鄭。封呂公為臨泗侯。淮陰人韓信為治粟都尉。初。信家貧。常寄食於下鄉亭長。亭長妻厭之。乃自絕而去。釣於下邳城下。有漂母憐信。食信數十日。信曰。富貴我必厚報母。母怒曰。大丈夫不能自食。吾豈求報乎。淮陰市有少年眾辱信曰。能死殺我。不能死出我跨下。信遂俛而出其跨下。市人大笑之。信母死。家貧無以葬。乃行營高敞葬地。令其傍可置萬家者。後事項羽為郎中。羽不能用而去。歸於漢。坐事當斬。已伏鑕。仰視乃見夏侯嬰曰。王不欲取天下邪。而斬壯士。太僕嬰言之於王。赦之不誅。以為都尉。蕭何知其賢。王不能用。信亡。蕭何遽自追之。不及以聞。三日乃至。王怒曰。何之。何曰。追亡者耳。王曰。諸將亡者十輩。公無所追。追信。詐也。何曰。諸將易得耳。大王必欲定天下。非信無可用者。王乃以為大將軍。何曰。大王性素慢人。每拜大將軍。若召小兒。此信所以去也。宜立壇場。齋七日。設九賓禮而拜之。既拜信。眾咸驚焉。信見王曰。今東向爭天下。豈非項王也。王曰然。信曰。大王自料勇悍仁彊孰與項王。王曰。不如也。信再拜曰。唯信亦以為大王不如也。然項王喑嗚叱吒。千人皆靡。然不能屬任賢將。此特匹夫之勇耳。項王與人恭敬。人有疾病。流涕與之分食。至於封賞。吝而不能與。此特匹婦之仁耳。雖王天下。不居關中。都彭城。又背義帝約。而以親疏王諸侯不平。所過無不殘滅。百姓不附。雖名為伯。實失天下心。故曰其強易弱。今大王誠能反其道。任天下武勇。何所不誅。以天下城邑封功臣。何所不服。以義兵從思東歸之士。何所不勝。且三秦王詐其眾降諸侯。項王詐坑秦降卒二十餘萬人。唯邯忻翳等三人得脫。秦人父兄怨此三人。痛入骨髓。大王入關。秋毫一無所取。除秦苛法。吏人無不欲得大王王秦。於諸侯之約。大王當王關中。王失職之蜀。秦人無有不恨者。今大王舉兵而東。三秦可傳檄而定也。於是王大喜。自以為得信晚也。五月。與韓信俱東。蕭何留守蜀。王進兵襲雍王章邯。敗走廢丘。令將軍樊噲圍之。王遂東。田榮怨項羽不肯王己。又不令市徙膠東。市畏楚。亡之國。六月。田榮殺市。自立為齊王。而擊田都。都亡走楚。田榮與彭越將軍印綬。令反徇梁地。越者。昌邑人也。初少年相聚百餘人。請越為長。與期會。十餘人後至。越曰。請斬最後至一人。眾皆笑曰。何至如是。越遂斬之。立約束而盟。徒屬皆驚而不敢仰視。後眾萬餘人在鉅野中無所屬。乃受榮印綬。擊殺濟北王安。榮遂并三齊之地。遼東王韓廣不肯徙之國。故燕王臧荼殺廣。并其地。塞王忻翟王翳來降。項王殺韓王成。以張良從漢入秦故也。以故吳令鄭昌為韓王。距漢。張良遺項羽書曰。漢失職之蜀。欲得關中。如約則止。不敢反也。又以齊反書遺羽曰。齊欲滅楚國。羽以故不南而北擊齊兵。九江王稱疾。遣四千人助楚。是歲實乙未也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n68792"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-er/zh#n68792" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">2</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=gb&id=68792" class="sprite-more" title="打開字典" rel="nofollow">打開字典<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=68792&if=gb&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="顯示相似段落" >顯示相似段落<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">高祖皇帝... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm68792"></div>二年冬十月。項羽使九江王布殺義帝于郴。陳餘既怒張耳。且怒項羽之不王己也。乃請兵于齊以伐趙。破常山。趙王張耳欲走楚。齊客有甘公者說耳曰。漢王入秦。五星從歲星於東井。其占曰當以義取天下。漢入秦可謂能義矣。楚雖彊。後終屬於漢耳。乃走漢。漢以故秦柱下史陽武人張蒼為常山太守。陳餘迎趙王歇。反之於趙。立餘為代王。餘以趙王弱乃使夏說為國相居代。餘相趙。張耳間行歸漢。漢以為成信侯。河南王韓王來降。十有一月。立舊韓王孫信為韓王。使諸將略地。若一郡降者。封萬戶侯。王使人招陳餘。陳餘曰。漢殺張耳乃從。漢乃求人類耳者送其首。餘將從漢。聞耳詐死。乃止。春正月。項羽伐齊殺田榮。齊降於楚。羽焚其城郭。殺降卒。繫虜老弱。齊復叛楚降漢。漢王立社稷於長安。施恩惠。賜人爵。蜀漢人從軍者家復租稅二歲。關中人從軍者復租一歲。人年五十已上。能善道教訓者復徭役。常以十月賜民牛酒。蕭何守關中。治櫟陽宮。定約束。轉漕給軍。專任關中事。是時沛人王陵聚黨數千人在南陽。始來從漢。項羽得陵母。漢使至楚。羽使母招陵。陵母見使者曰。為我告陵。漢王長者也。終事之無二心。因伏劍死。三月。魏王豹降。陳平因魏無知始來。陳平、陽武人也。家貧好讀書。少時嘗為里中社宰。分肉甚平均。父老善之。平曰。嗟乎。使平宰天下。亦如此肉矣。事魏王及項羽不能用。歸漢。漢王與參乘。令典護諸將。諸將皆怒曰。大王一旦得楚之亡卒。乃命監護長者。王愈益任用之。王至洛陽。新城三老董公說王曰。臣聞順德者昌。逆德者亡。兵出無名。事故不成。明其為賊。敵乃可服。項王殺義帝。是天下之賊也。夫仁者不以勇。義者不以力。若三軍之眾。為之素服。以告諸侯。而事東伐。此湯武之舉也。王善之。乃與義帝發喪。大臨三日。素縞以告諸侯。夏四月。田橫立榮子廣為齊王。橫為相。止城陽。項羽與齊戰。漢王率諸侯之師凡五十六萬人東襲楚。至外黃。彭越將三萬人歸漢。漢拜為相國。令定梁地。王遂入彭城。悉收楚美人寶貨。置酒高會。羽聞之。留其將擊齊。自以精兵三萬人歸。晨襲漢軍於濉水上。從旦至日中。殺漢士卒十餘萬人。皆入濉水。濉水為之不流。漢軍大敗。圍王三匝。會天大風。揚沙晝晦。楚軍大亂。而王得與數十騎遁去。道逢孝惠魯元公主載行。楚追急。輒推墮之。夏侯嬰嘗收載之。遂得免。而太公呂后被獲于楚。時諸侯皆復歸楚。楚進兵而西。蕭何悉發關中卒詣軍。韓信亦收餘兵。與王會擊楚于京索間。大敗之。騎將灌嬰又敗楚騎于滎陽東。故楚師不能復進。陳平為亞將。屬韓信。或曰。陳平雖美丈夫。如冠玉耳。未有所知也。平居家盜婬其嫂。在官受金。王以讓魏無知。無知曰。大王所知者行也。臣所言者能也。顧其計誠足以益國耳。又何疑。王以平為護軍中尉。盡監護諸將。諸將乃不敢言。王謂群臣曰。誰能為我說九江王令背楚。項羽必留。必留三月。我之取天下。可以萬全。有儒者隨何請使。至九江。三日不得見。何說太宰曰。今臣所言是邪。大王所欲聞。非邪。何等二十人伏斧鑕於淮南市。以明大王背漢而與楚也。太宰言之於王而見之。何曰。竊見大王之與楚。何也。王曰。寡人北面而臣事之。何曰。大王臣事楚者。以為可託國也。項王伐齊。身自負版築以為士卒先。大王宜悉舉淮南之眾。身為先鋒。乃發四千人以助楚。夫北面而臣事人者。固若是乎。漢王戰於彭城。項王未出齊也。大王宜埽淮南之眾。日夜會戰。今無一人渡淮者。垂拱而觀其孰勝。夫託國於人固若是乎。大王提空名以向楚。而欲厚自託。臣竊危之。夫楚兵雖彊。負不義之名。以其背盟約而殺義帝也。漢王收諸侯之兵。還守成皋滎陽下。獨深溝高壘。分卒守徼乘塞。楚人還兵間行。以梁地深入敵國八九百里。楚欲戰則不得。攻城則力不能。老弱轉輸千里之外。漢堅守不動。進則不得前。退則不得解。楚亦不足恃也。楚勝則諸侯自危懼而相救。夫楚之彊。適足以致天下之兵耳。臣非以淮南之眾。足以亡楚也。今大王舉兵而背攻楚。楚王必留數月。漢之取天下。可以萬全。大王不與萬全之漢。而自託於危亡之楚。臣竊惑之。布陰許之。會楚使至。方急責布發兵。何直入曰。九江王已歸漢。楚何得以令發兵。布甚愕。何因令布殺使者而起兵項羽使龍且擊淮南而身攻下邑。六月漢王歸櫟陽。引水灌廢丘。章邯自殺。壬午。立子盈為太子。赦罪人。關中大飢。米斗五千。人相食。秋八月如滎陽。使酈食其說魏王豹。豹曰。漢王侮慢人。罵詈諸侯王如奴虜耳。吾不忍復見也。食其還。王問魏大將軍誰也。曰柏直也。王曰此將其口尚乳臭。不能當韓信。騎將馮敬不能當灌嬰。步將項他不能當曹參。吾無患矣。乃以韓信為左丞相。與曹參灌嬰俱擊魏。韓信聞魏不以周叔為大將軍乃喜。遂進兵。偽陳船欲渡臨晉。魏聚伏兵以距之。信乃伏兵從下陽。以木罌缶渡軍、襲安邑。虜魏王豹。初。豹有姬曰薄姬。許負相之。當生天子。豹恃此而反。豹敗。王遂納薄姬。是生文帝。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n68793"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-er/zh#n68793" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">3</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=gb&id=68793" class="sprite-more" title="打開字典" rel="nofollow">打開字典<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=68793&if=gb&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="顯示相似段落" >顯示相似段落<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">高祖皇帝... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm68793"></div>三年冬十月。韓信張良及曹參等破代。擒夏說。進伐趙。獲趙王歇。斬成安君陳餘。韓信之伐趙也。廣武君李左車說成安君陳餘曰。漢兵乘勝遠鬥。其鋒不可當也。臣聞千里餽糧。士有飢色。樵蘇後爨。師不宿飽。今井陘之道。車不得方軌。騎不得成列。行數百里。其勢糧食必在後。願足下假臣奇兵三萬人。從間路絕其輜重。足下深溝高壘勿與戰。彼前則不得鬥。退則不得還。野無所掠。不十日。兩將之頭可懸于麾下矣。陳餘曰。韓信兵號數萬。千里徑來襲我。亦不罷勞。今我二十萬。避而不擊。後有大者。何以距之。諸侯謂吾怯而輕來伐我。不聽。韓信使人闚之。知其不用廣武君計。乃敢進兵。未至井徑口三十里。止舍。夜半選輕騎二千人。人持一赤幟。從間道萆山而望趙軍。信戒曰。趙見我走。必空壁逐我。汝疾入。拔趙幟。立漢赤幟。乃使萬人先行。背水為陣。平旦。信建大將旗鼓出井陘口。趙開壁擊之。大戰良久。於是信耳佯不勝。偽棄旗鼓。走還水上軍。趙空壁爭漢旗鼓。逐信耳。於是二千騎馳入趙壁。皆拔趙幟。立漢赤幟二千。趙軍不能敗水上軍。乃還。見漢赤幟。大驚。以為漢皆已破趙眾矣。遂亂而走。趙將雖斬之不能禁。於是漢兵夾擊大破之。既而諸將問信曰。兵法右背山陵。前左水澤。今將軍令臣等反背水陣。何也。信曰。置之死地而後生。此兵法也。且信非得素拊循士大夫也。所謂驅市人而戰。故置之死地。既人人自為戰。即與生地皆走。尚安得而用之乎。諸將皆服。曰非所及也。信令軍中曰。生得廣武君購千金。信得之。乃東面師事之。問曰。吾欲北攻燕。東伐齊。何如。對曰。敗軍之將。不可以語勇。亡國之大夫。不可以圖存。又何問焉。信曰。向使成安君聽子之計。則信亦將為子擒矣。固問之。對曰。足下威振諸侯。名聞海內。然士卒罷勞。其實難用。今足下舉倦弊之兵。頓之燕堅城之下。情見力屈。曠日糧竭。若燕不拔。齊必距境以自彊。二國相持。則劉項之權。未有所分也。不如按甲休兵。日享士卒。大夫北首燕路。然後使一乘之使。奉咫尺之書。燕不敢不從。燕從而臨齊。齊雖有智者。亦不能為齊計也。兵法固有先聲而後實者。此之謂也。信曰善。乃發使使燕。燕聽命。於是請立張耳為趙王。以拊循趙眾。甲戌晦日有食之。十二月。九江王布及隨何至。布為楚所攻敗。故間行而來。王拒楚於成皋。與酈食其謀撓楚權。食其曰。昔湯伐桀。封其後于杞。武王伐殷。封其後于宋。秦滅六國。使無立錐之地。大王誠復六國之後。彼皆戴仰大王德義。願為大王臣妾。德義已行。南面稱伯。楚必斂衽而朝。王曰善。趨刻印。未行。張子房至。王以問之。良曰。大事去矣。漢王方食。良曰。臣請借前箸以籌之。昔湯武封桀紂之後者。度能制其死命也。今大王能制項籍之死命乎。其不可一矣。武王入殷。表商容之閭。釋箕子之囚。封比干之墓。今大王能乎。其不可二矣。發鉅橋之粟。散鹿臺之財。以賑貧窮。今大王能乎。其不可三矣。偃革為軒。倒戢干戈。示不復用武。今大王能乎。其不可四矣。休馬華山之陽。示無所為。今大王能乎。其不可五矣。息牛桃林之埜。示天下不復輸積。今大王能乎。其不可六矣。天下游士。離親戚捐墳墓。去故舊。從大王遊者。日夜望尺寸之地。今乃立六國後。遊士各歸事其主。從親戚及故舊。大王誰與取天下乎。其不可七矣。且楚唯無彊。六國復撓而從之。大王安得復臣之哉。其不可八矣。誠用此計。大事去矣。漢王輟食吐哺。罵酈生曰。豎儒幾敗乃公事。令趨銷印。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n68794"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="qian-han-ji/gao-zu-huang-di-ji-er/zh#n68794" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">4</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=gb&id=68794" class="sprite-more" title="打開字典" rel="nofollow">打開字典<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="text.pl?node=68794&if=gb&show=parallel" class="sprite-parallel" title="顯示相似段落" >顯示相似段落<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">高祖皇帝... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm68794"></div>荀悅曰。夫立策決勝之術。其要有三。一曰形。二曰勢。三曰情。形者言其大體得失之數也。勢者言其臨時之宜也。進退之機也。情者言其心志可否之意也。故策同事等而功殊者何。三術不同也。初。張耳陳餘說陳涉以復六國。自為樹黨。酈生亦說漢王。所以說者同。而得失異者。陳涉之起也。天下皆欲亡秦。而楚漢之分。未有所定。時天下未必欲亡項也。且項羽率從六國。攻滅彊秦之時勢則不能矣。故立六國於陳涉。所謂多己之黨。而益秦之敵也。且陳涉未能專天下之地也。所謂取非其有以與人行虛惠而獲實福也。立六國于漢王。所謂割己之有以資敵。設虛名而受實禍也。此同事而異形也。及宋義待秦趙之斃。與昔卞莊刺虎同說者也。施之戰國之時。鄰國相攻。無臨時之急。則可也。戰國之立。其日久矣。一戰勝敗。未必以存亡也。其勢非能急於亡敵國也。進乘利。退自保。故累力待時。乘敵之斃。其勢然也。今楚趙所起。其與秦勢不並立。安危之機。呼吸成變。進則成功。退則受禍。此同事而異勢者也。伐趙之役。韓信軍于泜水之上。而趙不能敗。彭城之難。漢王戰于濉水之上。士卒皆赴入濉水。而楚兵大勝。何則。趙兵出國迎戰。見可而進。知難而退。懷內顧之心。無必死之計。韓信軍孤在水上。士卒必死。無有二心。此信之所以勝也。漢王深入敵國。飲酒高會。士卒逸豫。戰心不固。楚以彊大之威。而喪其國都。項羽自外而入。士卒皆有憤激之氣。救敗赴亡之急。以決一旦之命。此漢之所以敗也。且韓信選精兵以守。而趙以內顧之士攻之。項羽選精兵以攻。而漢以怠惰之卒應之。此同事而異情者也。故曰權不可預設。變不可先圖。與時遷移。應物變化。設策之機也。陳平進謀曰。項王大臣不過數人。大王能捐數萬斤金。間楚君臣。使相疑惑。可以破楚必矣。乃與陳平金四萬斤。不問出入。平多行反間。謂項羽曰。諸將功多矣。而終不得裂地而王。欲與漢為一以滅楚分王其地。項王疑之。夏四月。楚圍漢王于滎陽。歷陽侯范增欲急擊滎陽。項羽不信。增怒乞骸骨歸。未到彭城。疽發背而死。五月。紀信謂王曰。臣請誑楚。可以間出。紀信乃乘王車出東門曰。漢王降楚。楚軍皆稱萬歲。之城東觀。漢王得與數十騎出城西門。令御史大夫周苛與魏王豹守滎陽。周苛曰。反國之王。難與共守。苛乃殺魏豹。項羽見紀信非漢王。乃大驚。怒燒殺紀信。王自西入關。收兵復東。轅生說曰。今出武關。項王必引兵而南大王深壁勿與戰。項羽用兵疾如雷電。令成皋滎陽間且得休息。使韓信等輯河北趙地。連燕齊。君王乃復屯滎陽。如此則楚所備者多力分。于漢王得休息。後與之戰。破楚必矣。漢王從之。王復出軍宛葉間。項羽果引而南。漢兵深壘自守。是時彭越等擊楚。得項聲薛公于下邳。殺之。羽乃自擊彭越。越敗走。羽乃引兵還。拔滎陽。獲周苛。謂苛曰。吾方以公為將軍。封萬戶侯。能為我盡節否。苛瞋目罵之。羽怒乃烹之。遂圍成皋。下之。所殺亦無數。秋七月。有星孛于大角。大角為王坐。本志以為楚王亡之徵也。八月。王饗師河南。欲復戰。郎中令鄭忠說曰。王高壁深壘勿與戰。王乃使從兄劉賈與廬綰將兵入楚地。佐彭越。焚楚積聚。復擊破楚師於燕西。下梁地十七城。九月。東擊彭越。令大司馬曹咎長史欣守成皋。酈食其說王曰。夫敖倉天下轉輸久矣。臣聞其下乃有積粟甚多。楚人不堅守敖倉。乃引兵而東。令士卒分守成皋。此天所以資漢也。且兩雄不俱立。楚漢又相持不決。百姓搔動。海內搖蕩。農夫失耒。紅女下機。天下之心未有所定。願大王急復進兵。收滎陽。據敖倉之粟。塞成皋之險。杜太行之道。距飛狐之口。守白馬之津。以示諸侯形制之勢。則天下知所歸矣。今燕趙已定。唯齊未下。雖數十萬之師。未可以歲月破也。臣請得奉明詔說齊王。使為漢稱東藩臣。王曰。善。乃進兵復守敖倉。食其說齊王曰。知天下所歸。即齊國可得而有也。齊王曰。天下何歸。曰。漢王定三秦。出武關。而誅殺義帝之賊。收天下之兵。詔諸侯之業。降城即以侯其將。得賂即以分其士卒。與天下同其利。豪傑俊才皆樂為之用。諸侯之兵。四面而會。蜀漢之粟。方船而下。項王有殺義帝之名。有背約之負。於人之功無所記。於人之罪無所忘。戰勝而不得其賞。拔城而不得其封。非項氏莫敢用事。為人刻。印刓而不能授。積財而不能散。故天下叛之。賢才怨之。故天下歸漢。可坐而策也。夫漢王發蜀漢。定三秦。涉西河之外。授上黨之兵。北破趙魏。誅成安君。此黃帝之兵。非人之力。天之所授也。今已據敖倉之粟。塞成皋之險。守白馬之津。杜太行之阪。距飛狐之口。天下後服者先亡矣。王疾下漢。社稷可得而保也。齊王以為然。乃罷守兵。與食其日縱酒焉。<p 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