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Saad</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Amani A. Saad"> <meta name="keywords" content="Amani A. Saad"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Amani A. 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Saad"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 83</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Amani A. Saad</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Early Recognition and Grading of Cataract Using a Combined Log Gabor/Discrete Wavelet Transform with ANN and SVM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadeer%20R.%20M.%20Tawfik">Hadeer R. M. Tawfik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rania%20A.%20K.%20Birry"> Rania A. K. Birry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amani%20A.%20Saad"> Amani A. Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eyes are considered to be the most sensitive and important organ for human being. Thus, any eye disorder will affect the patient in all aspects of life. Cataract is one of those eye disorders that lead to blindness if not treated correctly and quickly. This paper demonstrates a model for automatic detection, classification, and grading of cataracts based on image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. The proposed system is developed to ease the cataract diagnosis process for both ophthalmologists and patients. The wavelet transform combined with 2D Log Gabor Wavelet transform was used as feature extraction techniques for a dataset of 120 eye images followed by a classification process that classified the image set into three classes; normal, early, and advanced stage. A comparison between the two used classifiers, the support vector machine SVM and the artificial neural network ANN were done for the same dataset of 120 eye images. It was concluded that SVM gave better results than ANN. SVM success rate result was 96.8% accuracy where ANN success rate result was 92.3% accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cataract" title="Cataract">Cataract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grading" title=" grading"> grading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=log-gabor" title=" log-gabor"> log-gabor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=support%20vector%20machines" title=" support vector machines"> support vector machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelet." title=" wavelet."> wavelet.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/early-recognition-and-grading-of-cataract-using-a-combined-log-gabordiscrete-wavelet-transform-with-ann-and-svm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">993</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Analytical solution of Gas Flow Through a Micro-Nano Porous Media by Homotopy Perturbation method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jamal%20Amani%20Rad">Jamal Amani Rad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kourosh%20Parand"> Kourosh Parand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have applied the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for obtaining the analytical solution of unsteady flow of gas through a porous medium and we have also compared the findings of this research with some other analytical results. Results showed a very good agreement between results of HPM and the numerical solutions of the problem rather than other analytical solutions which have previously been applied. The results of homotopy perturbation method are of high accuracy and the method is very effective and succinct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unsteady%20gas%20equation" title="Unsteady gas equation">Unsteady gas equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Homotopy%20perturbation%20method%28HPM%29" title=" Homotopy perturbation method(HPM)"> Homotopy perturbation method(HPM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Porous%20medium" title=" Porous medium"> Porous medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nonlinear%20ODE" title=" Nonlinear ODE"> Nonlinear ODE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/analytical-solution-of-gas-flow-through-a-micro-nano-porous-media-by-homotopy-perturbation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1887</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Some Solitary Wave Solutions of Generalized Pochhammer-Chree Equation via Exp-function Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kourosh%20Parand">Kourosh Parand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jamal%20Amani%20Rad"> Jamal Amani Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, Exp-function method is used for some exact solitary solutions of the generalized Pochhammer-Chree equation. It has been shown that the Exp-function method, with the help of symbolic computation, provides a very effective and powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. As a result, some exact solitary solutions are obtained. It is shown that the Exp-function method is direct, effective, succinct and can be used for many other nonlinear partial differential equations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Exp-function%20method" title="Exp-function method">Exp-function method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20Pochhammer-%20Chree%20equation" title=" generalized Pochhammer- Chree equation"> generalized Pochhammer- Chree equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solitary%20wave%20solution" title=" solitary wave solution"> solitary wave solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ODE%27s." title=" ODE's."> ODE's.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/some-solitary-wave-solutions-of-generalized-pochhammer-chree-equation-via-exp-function-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Change Point Analysis in Average Ozone Layer Temperature Using Exponential Lomax Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amjad%20Abdullah">Amjad Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amjad%20Yahya"> Amjad Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bushra%20Aljohani"> Bushra Aljohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amani%20S.%20Alghamdi"> Amani S. Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Change point detection is an important part of data analysis. The presence of a change point refers to a significant change in the behavior of a time series. In this article, we examine the detection of multiple change points of parameters of the exponential Lomax distribution, which is broad and flexible compared with other distributions while fitting data. We used the Schwarz information criterion and binary segmentation to detect multiple change points in publicly available data on the average temperature in the ozone layer. The change points were successfully located.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20segmentation" title="Binary segmentation">Binary segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=change%20point" title=" change point"> change point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exponential%0D%0ALomax%20distribution" title=" exponential Lomax distribution"> exponential Lomax distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information%20criterion." title=" information criterion."> information criterion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/change-point-analysis-in-average-ozone-layer-temperature-using-exponential-lomax-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Solution of Two Dimensional Quasi-Harmonic Equations with CA Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Rezaie%20Moghaddam">F. Rezaie Moghaddam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Amani"> J. Amani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Rezaie%20Moghaddam"> T. Rezaie Moghaddam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many computational techniques were applied to solution of heat conduction problem. Those techniques were the finite difference (FD), finite element (FE) and recently meshless methods. FE is commonly used in solution of equation of heat conduction problem based on the summation of stiffness matrix of elements and the solution of the final system of equations. Because of summation process of finite element, convergence rate was decreased. Hence in the present paper Cellular Automata (CA) approach is presented for the solution of heat conduction problem. Each cell considered as a fixed point in a regular grid lead to the solution of a system of equations is substituted by discrete systems of equations with small dimensions. Results show that CA can be used for solution of heat conduction problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20conduction" title="Heat conduction">Heat conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cellular%20automata" title=" Cellular automata"> Cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convergencerate" title=" convergencerate"> convergencerate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=discrete%20system." title=" discrete system."> discrete system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/solution-of-two-dimensional-quasi-harmonic-equations-with-ca-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1774</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> WormHex: A Volatile Memory Analysis Tool for Retrieval of Social Media Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norah%20Almubairik">Norah Almubairik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wadha%20Almattar"> Wadha Almattar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amani%20Alqarni"> Amani Alqarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Social media applications are increasingly being used in our everyday communications. These applications utilise end-to-end encryption mechanisms which make them suitable tools for criminals to exchange messages. These messages are preserved in the volatile memory until the device is restarted. Therefore, volatile forensics has become an important branch of digital forensics. In this study, the WormHex tool was developed to inspect the memory dump files for Windows and Mac based workstations. The tool supports digital investigators by enabling them to extract valuable data written in Arabic and English through web-based WhatsApp and Twitter applications. The results confirm that social media applications write their data into the memory, regardless of the operating system running the application, with there being no major differences between Windows and Mac.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Volatile%20memory" title="Volatile memory">Volatile memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=REGEX" title=" REGEX"> REGEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=digital%20forensics" title=" digital forensics"> digital forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=memory%0D%0Aacquisition" title=" memory acquisition"> memory acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/wormhex-a-volatile-memory-analysis-tool-for-retrieval-of-social-media-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">923</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Bifurcation Study and Parameter Analyses Boost Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ben%20Said">S. Ben Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Ben%20Saad"> K. Ben Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benrejeb"> M. Benrejeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper deals with bifurcation analyses in current programmed DC/DC Boost converter and exhibition of chaotic behavior. This phenomenon occurs due to variation of a set of the studied circuit parameters (input voltage and a reference current). Two different types of bifurcation paths have been observed as part as part of another bifurcation arising from variation of suitable chosen parameter.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bifurcation" title="Bifurcation">Bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chaos" title=" Chaos"> Chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boost%20converter" title=" Boost converter"> Boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Current-%20programmed%20control" title=" Current- programmed control"> Current- programmed control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Initial%20parameters." title=" Initial parameters. "> Initial parameters. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/bifurcation-study-and-parameter-analyses-boost-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Minimizing Mutant Sets by Equivalence and Subsumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Alblwi">Samia Alblwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amani%20Ayad"> Amani Ayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Mutation testing is the art of generating syntactic variations of a base program and checking whether a candidate test suite can identify all the mutants that are not semantically equivalent to the base; this technique can be used to assess the quality of test suite. One of the main obstacles to the widespread use of mutation testing is cost, as even small programs (a few dozen lines of code) can give rise to a large number of mutants (up to hundreds); this has created an incentive to seek to reduce the number of mutants while preserving their collective effectiveness. Two criteria have been used to reduce the size of mutant sets: equivalence, which aims to partition the set of mutants into equivalence classes modulo semantic equivalence, and selecting one representative per class; and, subsumption, which aims to define a partial ordering among mutants that ranks mutants by effectiveness and seeks to select maximal elements in this ordering. In this paper, we analyze these two policies using analytical and empirical criteria.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mutation%20testing" title="Mutation testing">Mutation testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20sets" title=" mutant sets"> mutant sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20equivalence" title=" mutant equivalence"> mutant equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20subsumption" title=" mutant subsumption"> mutant subsumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20set%20minimization." title=" mutant set minimization."> mutant set minimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/minimizing-mutant-sets-by-equivalence-and-subsumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> A Programmable FSK-Modulator in 350nm CMOS Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasir%20Mehmood">Nasir Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Rahman">Saad Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vinodh%20Ravinath">Vinodh Ravinath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahesh%20Balaji"> Mahesh Balaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the design of a programmable FSK-modulator based on VCO and its implementation in 0.35m CMOS process. The circuit is used to transmit digital data at 100Kbps rate in the frequency range of 400-600MHz. The design and operation of the modulator is discussed briefly. Further the characteristics of PLL, frequency synthesizer, VCO and the whole design are elaborated. The variation among the proposed and tested specifications is presented. Finally, the layout of sub-modules, pin configurations, final chip and test results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FSK%20Modulator" title="FSK Modulator">FSK Modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMOS" title=" CMOS"> CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VCO" title=" VCO"> VCO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20Locked%20Loop" title=" Phase Locked Loop"> Phase Locked Loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frequency%20Synthesizer." title=" Frequency Synthesizer."> Frequency Synthesizer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/a-programmable-fsk-modulator-in-350nm-cmos-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1729</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller Based LCD Screen Digital Stop Watch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mr.%20Khalid%20I.%20Saad">Mr. Khalid I. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ms.%20Nusrat%20Afrin"> Ms. Nusrat Afrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mr.%20Rajib%20Mikail"> Mr. Rajib Mikail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stop watch is used to measure the time required for a certain event. This is different from normal clocks in many ways, one of which is the accuracy of time. The stop watch requires much more accuracy than the normal clocks. In this paper, an ATmega8535 microcontroller was used to control the stop watch, by which perfect accuracy can be ensured. For compiling the C code and for loading the compiled .hex file into the microcontroller, AVR studio and PonyProg were used respectively. The stop watch is also different from traditional stop watches, as it contains two different timing modes namely 'Split timing' and 'Lap timing'. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stop%20Watch" title="Stop Watch">Stop Watch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microcontroller" title=" Microcontroller"> Microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Split%20timing" title=" Split timing"> Split timing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laptiming" title=" Laptiming"> Laptiming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LCD." title=" LCD."> LCD.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/design-and-implementation-of-a-microcontroller-based-lcd-screen-digital-stop-watch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Comparison between LQR and ANN Active Anti-Roll Control of a Single Unit Heavy Vehicle </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Babesse%20Saad">Babesse Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ameddah%20Djameleddine"> Ameddah Djameleddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a learning algorithm using neuronal networks to improve the roll stability and prevent the rollover in a single unit heavy vehicle is proposed. First, LQR control to keep balanced normalized rollovers, between front and rear axles, below the unity, then a data collected from this controller is used as a training basis of a neuronal regulator. The ANN controller is thereafter applied for the nonlinear side force model, and gives satisfactory results than the LQR one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rollover" title="Rollover">Rollover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=single%20unit%20heavy%20vehicle" title=" single unit heavy vehicle"> single unit heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20side%20force." title=" nonlinear side force. "> nonlinear side force. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/comparison-between-lqr-and-ann-active-anti-roll-control-of-a-single-unit-heavy-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1043</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Optimizing Electrospinning Parameters for Finest Diameter of Nano Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Maleki">M. Maleki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latifi"> M. Latifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Amani-Tehran"> M. Amani-Tehran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Nano fibers produced by electrospinning are of industrial and scientific attention due to their special characteristics such as long length, small diameter and high surface area. Applications of electrospun structures in nanotechnology are included tissue scaffolds, fibers for drug delivery, composite reinforcement, chemical sensing, enzyme immobilization, membrane-based filtration, protective clothing, catalysis, solar cells, electronic devices and others. Many polymer and ceramic precursor nano fibers have been successfully electrospun with diameters in the range from 1 nm to several microns. The process is complex so that fiber diameter is influenced by various material, design and operating parameters. The objective of this work is to apply genetic algorithm on the parameters of electrospinning which have the most significant effect on the nano fiber diameter to determine the optimum parameter values before doing experimental set up. Effective factors including initial polymer concentration, initial jet radius, electrical potential, relaxation time, initial elongation, viscosity and distance between nozzle and collector are considered to determine finest diameter which is selected by user.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrospinning" title="Electrospinning">Electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nano%20fiber%20diameter" title=" nano fiber diameter"> nano fiber diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization." title=" optimization."> optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/optimizing-electrospinning-parameters-for-finest-diameter-of-nano-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2033</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Moving Vehicles Detection Using Automatic Background Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20M.%20Al-Garni">Saad M. Al-Garni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adel%20A.%20Abdennour"> Adel A. Abdennour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Vehicle detection is the critical step for highway monitoring. In this paper we propose background subtraction and edge detection technique for vehicle detection. This technique uses the advantages of both approaches. The practical applications approved the effectiveness of this method. This method consists of two procedures: First, automatic background extraction procedure, in which the background is extracted automatically from the successive frames; Second vehicles detection procedure, which depend on edge detection and background subtraction. Experimental results show the effective application of this algorithm. Vehicles detection rate was higher than 91%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20processing" title="Image processing">Image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Automatic%20background%20extraction" title=" Automatic background extraction"> Automatic background extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moving%20vehicle%20detection." title=" Moving vehicle detection."> Moving vehicle detection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/moving-vehicles-detection-using-automatic-background-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Adaptive Equalization Using Controlled Equal Gain Combining for Uplink/Downlink MC-CDMA Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miloud%20Frikel">Miloud Frikel </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boubekeur%20Targui"> Boubekeur Targui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Francois%20Hamon"> Francois Hamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20M%27SAAD"> Mohammed M'SAAD</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we propose an enhanced equalization technique for multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA). This method is based on the control of Equal Gain Combining (EGC) technique. Indeed, we introduce a new level changer to the EGC equalizer in order to adapt the equalization parameters to the channel coefficients. The optimal equalization level is, first, determined by channel training. The new approach reduces drastically the mutliuser interferences caused by interferes, without increasing the noise power. To compare the performances of the proposed equalizer, the theoretical analysis and numerical performances are given.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MC-CDMA" title="MC-CDMA">MC-CDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Equalization" title=" Equalization"> Equalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EGC" title=" EGC"> EGC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Single%20User%20Detection." title=" Single User Detection."> Single User Detection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/adaptive-equalization-using-controlled-equal-gain-combining-for-uplinkdownlink-mc-cdma-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> The Effect of Different Compression Schemes on Speech Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jalal%20Karam">Jalal Karam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raed%20Saad"> Raed Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the effect of different compression constraints and schemes presented in a new and flexible paradigm to achieve high compression ratios and acceptable signal to noise ratios of Arabic speech signals. Compression parameters are computed for variable frame sizes of a level 5 to 7 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) representation of the signals for different analyzing mother wavelet functions. Results are obtained and compared for Global threshold and level dependent threshold techniques. The results obtained also include comparisons with Signal to Noise Ratios, Peak Signal to Noise Ratios and Normalized Root Mean Square Error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Speech%20Compression" title="Speech Compression">Speech Compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelets." title=" Wavelets."> Wavelets.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/the-effect-of-different-compression-schemes-on-speech-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1734</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> The Role of Medical Expert Systems in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahad%20Shahbaz%20Khan">Fahad Shahbaz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahad%20Maqbool"> Fahad Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Razzaq"> Saad Razzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kashif%20Irfan"> Kashif Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tehseen%20Zia"> Tehseen Zia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expert systems are used extensively in many domains. This paper discusses the use of medical expert systems in Pakistan. Countries all over the world pay special attention on health facilities. A country like Pakistan faces a lot of trouble in health sector. Several attempts have been made in Pakistan to improve the health conditions of the people but the situation is still not encouraging. There is a shortage of doctors and other trained personnel in Pakistan. Expert systems can play a vital role in such cases where the medical expert is not readily available. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role that such systems can play in improving the health conditions of the people in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Medical%20Diagnostics" title="Medical Diagnostics">Medical Diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expert%20Systems" title=" Expert Systems"> Expert Systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakistan." title=" Pakistan."> Pakistan.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/the-role-of-medical-expert-systems-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2085</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Macro Corruption: A Conceptual Analysis of Its Dimensions and Forward and Backward Linkages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Sakr%20Ashour">Ahmed Sakr Ashour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hoda%20Saad%20AboRemila"> Hoda Saad AboRemila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt was made to fill the gap in the macro analysis of corruption by suggesting a conceptual framework that differentiates four types of macro corruption: state capture, political, bureaucratic and financial/corporate. The economic consequences or forward linkages (growth, inclusiveness and sustainability of development) and macro institutional determinants constituting the backward linkages of each type were delineated. The research implications of the macro perspective and proposed framework were discussed. Implications of the findings for theory, research and reform policies addressing macro corruption issues were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Economic%20growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inclusive%20growth" title=" Inclusive growth"> Inclusive growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=macro%20corruption" title=" macro corruption"> macro corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable%20development." title=" sustainable development."> sustainable development.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/macro-corruption-a-conceptual-analysis-of-its-dimensions-and-forward-and-backward-linkages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">843</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Tracking Trajectory of a Cable-Driven Robot for Lower Limb Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hachmia%20Faqihi">Hachmia Faqihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maarouf%20Saad"> Maarouf Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalid%20Benjelloun"> Khalid Benjelloun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Benbrahim"> Mohammed Benbrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Nabil%20Kabbaj"> M. Nabil Kabbaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates and presents a cable-driven robot to lower limb rehabilitation use in sagittal plane. The presented rehabilitation robot is used for a trajectory tracking in joint space. The paper covers kinematic and dynamic analysis, which reveals the tensionability of the used cables as being the actuating source to provide a rehabilitation exercises of the human leg. The desired trajectory is generated to be used in the control system design in joint space. The obtained simulation results is showed to be efficient in this kind of application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cable-driven%20multibody%20system" title="Cable-driven multibody system">Cable-driven multibody system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=computed-torque%0D%0Acontroller" title=" computed-torque controller"> computed-torque controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lower%20limb%20rehabilitation" title=" lower limb rehabilitation"> lower limb rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tracking%20trajectory." title=" tracking trajectory."> tracking trajectory.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/tracking-trajectory-of-a-cable-driven-robot-for-lower-limb-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1755</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Surveillance Video Summarization Based on Histogram Differencing and Sum Conditional Variance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nada%20Jasim%20Habeeb">Nada Jasim Habeeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rana%20Saad%20Mohammed"> Rana Saad Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muntaha%20Khudair%20Abbass"> Muntaha Khudair Abbass </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>For more efficient and fast video summarization, this paper presents a surveillance video summarization method. The presented method works to improve video summarization technique. This method depends on temporal differencing to extract most important data from large video stream. This method uses histogram differencing and Sum Conditional Variance which is robust against to illumination variations in order to extract motion objects. The experimental results showed that the presented method gives better output compared with temporal differencing based summarization techniques.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temporal%20differencing" title="Temporal differencing">Temporal differencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=video%20summarization" title=" video summarization"> video summarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=histogram%20differencing" title=" histogram differencing"> histogram differencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sum%20conditional%20variance." title=" sum conditional variance."> sum conditional variance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/surveillance-video-summarization-based-on-histogram-differencing-and-sum-conditional-variance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1695</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Cardiovascular Heart Disease Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amani%20Ashari">Amani Ashari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Julia%20Omar"> Julia Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arif%20Hashim"> Arif Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahrul%20Hamid"> Shahrul Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism has influence on serum lipids which relates to cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency distribution of APOE alleles among Malaysian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) and their association with serum lipid profiles. A total of 115 patients were recruited in which 78 patients had Type 2 DM without CAD and 37 patients had Type 2 DM with CAD. The APOE polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The APOE 蓻3 allele was the most common one in both groups. There was no significant association between the APOE genotypes and the CAD status in Type 2 DM using Pearson χ<sup>2 </sup>test. Further analysis indicated there were no significant differences in all lipid parameters between E2, E3 and E4 subgroups in both groups. The study showed that the E4 allele carriers of Type 2 DM with CAD patients had higher LDL-C level and lower HDL-C level compared to the other allele carriers. However, analyses showed these levels were not statistically different. The study also showed that the Type 2 DM with CAD group with E2 allele had higher triglyceride (TG). In conclusion, further study with larger sample size is needed to confirm role of E4 as a marker of CAD among Type 2 DM patients in Malaysian population.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apolipoprotein%20E" title="Apolipoprotein E">Apolipoprotein E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cardiovascular%20disease" title=" cardiovascular disease"> cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lipids." title=" lipids. "> lipids. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/apolipoprotein-e-gene-polymorphism-and-its-association-with-cardiovascular-heart-disease-risk-factors-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> A Four Method Framework for Fighting Software Architecture Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sundus%20Ayyaz">Sundus Ayyaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Rehman"> Saad Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Usman%20Qamar"> Usman Qamar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Software Architecture is the basic structure of software that states the development and advancement of a software system. Software architecture is also considered as a significant tool for the construction of high quality software systems. A clean design leads to the control, value and beauty of software resulting in its longer life while a bad design is the cause of architectural erosion where a software evolution completely fails. This paper discusses the occurrence of software architecture erosion and presents a set of methods for the detection, declaration and prevention of architecture erosion. The causes and symptoms of architecture erosion are observed with the examples of prescriptive and descriptive architectures and the practices used to stop this erosion are also discussed by considering different types of software erosion and their affects. Consequently finding and devising the most suitable approach for fighting software architecture erosion and in some way reducing its affect is evaluated and tested on different scenarios.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20Architecture" title="Software Architecture">Software Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Architecture%20Erosion" title=" Architecture Erosion"> Architecture Erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prescriptive%20Architecture" title=" Prescriptive Architecture"> Prescriptive Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Descriptive%20Architecture." title=" Descriptive Architecture."> Descriptive Architecture.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/a-four-method-framework-for-fighting-software-architecture-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> CFD Simulations of a Co-current Spray Dryer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Nahi%20Saleh">Saad Nahi Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the prediction of air flow, humidity and temperature patterns in a co-current pilot plant spray dryer fitted with a pressure nozzle using a three dimensional model. The modelling was done with a Computational Fluid Dynamic package (Fluent 6.3), in which the gas phase is modelled as continuum using the Euler approach and the droplet/ particle phase is modelled by the Discrete Phase model (Lagrange approach).Good agreement was obtained with published experimental data where the CFD simulation correctly predicts a fast downward central flowing core and slow recirculation zones near the walls. In this work, the effects of the air flow pattern on droplets trajectories, residence time distribution of droplets and deposition of the droplets on the wall also were investigated where atomizing of maltodextrin solution was used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spray" title="Spray">Spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiphase" title=" multiphase"> multiphase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=droplet" title=" droplet"> droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=particle." title=" particle."> particle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/cfd-simulations-of-a-co-current-spray-dryer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4013</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Assessment of Solid Insulating Material Using Partial Discharge Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qasim%20Khan">Qasim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Furkan%20Ahmad"> Furkan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asfar%20A.%20Khan"> Asfar A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Saad%20Alam"> M. Saad Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faiz%20Ahmad"> Faiz Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, partial discharge analysis is performed in cavities artificially created in insulation. The setup is according with Cigre-II Method. Circular Samples created from Perspex Sheet with different configuration with changing number of cavities. Assessment of insulation health can be performed by Partial Discharge measurement as this has been found to be important means of condition monitoring. The experiments are done using MPD 540, which is a modern partial discharge measurement system. By analyzing the PD activity obtained for various voids/cavities, it is observed that the PD voltages show variation for cavity’s diameter, depth even for its ratios. This can be employed for scrutiny of insulation system.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partial%20discharges" title="Partial discharges">Partial discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=condition%20monitoring" title=" condition monitoring"> condition monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MPD%20540" title=" MPD 540"> MPD 540</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cavities%2Fdefects" title=" cavities/defects"> cavities/defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=degradation%20and%20corrosion" title=" degradation and corrosion"> degradation and corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PMMA." title=" PMMA."> PMMA.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/assessment-of-solid-insulating-material-using-partial-discharge-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature Trends in Sefid-Roud Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Gandomkar">Amir Gandomkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tahereh%20Soltani%20Gord%20faramarzi"> Tahereh Soltani Gord faramarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parisa%20Safaripour%20Chafi"> Parisa Safaripour Chafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdol-Reza%20Amani"> Abdol-Reza Amani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Temperature, humidity and precipitation in an area, are parameters proved influential in the climate of that area, and one should recognize them so that he can determine the climate of that area. Climate changes are of primary importance in climatology, and in recent years, have been of great concern to researchers and even politicians and organizations, for they can play an important role in social, political and economic activities. Even though the real cause of climate changes or their stability is not yet fully recognized, they are a matter of concern to researchers and their importance for countries has prompted them to investigate climate changes in different levels, especially in regional, national and continental level. This issue has less been investigated in our country. However, in recent years, there have been some researches and conferences on climate changes. This study is also in line with such researches and tries to investigate and analyze the trends of climate changes (temperature and precipitation) in Sefid-roud (the name of a river) basin. Three parameters of mean annual precipitation, temperature, and maximum and minimum temperatures in 36 synoptic and climatology stations in a statistical period of 49 years (1956-2005) in the stations of Sefid-roud basin were analyzed by Mann-Kendall test. The results obtained by data analysis show that climate changes are short term and have a trend. The analysis of mean temperature revealed that changes have a significantly rising trend, besides the precipitation has a significantly falling trend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trend" title="Trend">Trend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Climate%20changes" title=" Climate changes"> Climate changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sefid-roud" title=" Sefid-roud"> Sefid-roud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mann-Kendall" title=" Mann-Kendall"> Mann-Kendall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/analysis-of-precipitation-and-temperature-trends-in-sefid-roud-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1754</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Multimethod Approach to Research in Interlanguage Pragmatics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20Al-Gahtani">Saad Al-Gahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ghassan%20H%20Al%20Shatter"> Ghassan H Al Shatter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Argument over the use of particular method in interlanguage pragmatics has increased recently. Researchers argued the advantages and disadvantages of each method either natural or elicited. Findings of different studies indicated that the use of one method may not provide enough data to answer all its questions. The current study investigated the validity of using multimethod approach in interlanguage pragmatics to understand the development of requests in Arabic as a second language (Arabic L2). To this end, the study adopted two methods belong to two types of data sources: the institutional discourse (natural data), and the role play (elicited data). Participants were 117 learners of Arabic L2 at the university level, representing four levels (beginners, low-intermediate, highintermediate, and advanced). Results showed that using two or more methods in interlanguage pragmatics affect the size and nature of data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arabic%20L2" title="Arabic L2">Arabic L2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Development%20of%20requests" title=" Development of requests"> Development of requests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interlanguage%20Pragmatics" title=" Interlanguage Pragmatics"> Interlanguage Pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multimethod%20approach." title=" Multimethod approach."> Multimethod approach.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/multimethod-approach-to-research-in-interlanguage-pragmatics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1830</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Modeling and Control of a 4DoF Robotic Assistive Device for Hand Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Christopher%20Spiewak">Christopher Spiewak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20R.%20Islam"> M. R. Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Arifur%20Rahaman"> Mohammad Arifur Rahaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20H.%20Rahman"> Mohammad H. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roger%20Smith"> Roger Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maarouf%20Saad"> Maarouf Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For those who have lost the ability to move their hand, going through repetitious motions with the assistance of a therapist is the main method of recovery. We have been developed a robotic assistive device to rehabilitate the hand motions in place of the traditional therapy. The developed assistive device (RAD-HR) is comprised of four degrees of freedom enabling basic movements, hand function, and assists in supporting the hand during rehabilitation. We used a nonlinear computed torque control technique to control the RAD-HR. The accuracy of the controller was evaluated in simulations (MATLAB/Simulink environment). To see the robustness of the controller external disturbance as modelling uncertainty (±10% of joint torques) were added in each joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biorobotics" title="Biorobotics">Biorobotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20control" title=" nonlinear control"> nonlinear control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=robotic%20assistive%20device" title=" robotic assistive device"> robotic assistive device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exoskeleton." title=" exoskeleton."> exoskeleton.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/modeling-and-control-of-a-4dof-robotic-assistive-device-for-hand-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1723</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> On Two Control Approaches for The Output Voltage Regulation of a Boost Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Sahbani">Abdelaziz Sahbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kamel%20Ben%20Saad"> Kamel Ben Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Benrejeb"> Mohamed Benrejeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper deals with the comparison between two proposed control strategies for a DC-DC boost converter. The first control is a classical Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and the second one is a distance based Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC). The SMC is an analytical control approach based on the boost mathematical model. However, the FSMC is a non-conventional control approach which does not need the controlled system mathematical model. It needs only the measures of the output voltage to perform the control signal. The obtained simulation results show that the two proposed control methods are robust for the case of load resistance and the input voltage variations. However, the proposed FSMC gives a better step voltage response than the one obtained by the SMC.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boost%20DC-DC%20converter" title="Boost DC-DC converter">Boost DC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sliding%20Mode%20Control%20%28SMC%29" title=" Sliding Mode Control (SMC)"> Sliding Mode Control (SMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20Sliding%20Mode%20Control%20%28FSMC%29" title=" Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC)"> Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robustness." title=" Robustness."> Robustness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/on-two-control-approaches-for-the-output-voltage-regulation-of-a-boost-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Investigation of Water Transport Dynamics in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Based on a Gas Diffusion Media Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saad%20S.%20Alrwashdeh">Saad S. Alrwashdeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Henning%20Mark%C3%B6tter"> Henning Mark枚tter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handri%20Ammari"> Handri Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jan%20Hau%C3%9Fmann"> Jan Hau脽mann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tobias%20Arlt"> Tobias Arlt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joachim%20Scholta"> Joachim Scholta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ingo%20Manke"> Ingo Manke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, synchrotron X-ray imaging is used to study water transport inside polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Two measurement techniques are used, namely in-situ radiography and quasi-in-situ tomography combining together in order to reveal the relationship between the structures of the microporous layers (MPLs) and the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), the operation temperature and the water flow. The developed cell is equipped with a thick GDL and a high back pressure MPL. It is found that these modifications strongly influence the overall water transport in the whole adjacent GDM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Polymer%20electrolyte%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title="Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell">Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microporous%20layer" title=" microporous layer"> microporous layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=water%20transport" title=" water transport"> water transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radiography" title=" radiography"> radiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tomography." title=" tomography."> tomography.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/investigation-of-water-transport-dynamics-in-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cells-based-on-a-gas-diffusion-media-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">766</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Active Vibration Control of Flexible Beam using Differential Evolution Optimisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Sazli%20Saad">Mohd Sazli Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hishamuddin%20Jamaluddin"> Hishamuddin Jamaluddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intan%20Zaurah%20Mat%20Darus"> Intan Zaurah Mat Darus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of an active vibration control using direct adaptive controller to suppress the vibration of a flexible beam system. The controller is realized based on linear parametric form. Differential evolution optimisation algorithm is used to optimize the controller using single objective function by minimizing the mean square error of the observed vibration signal. Furthermore, an alternative approach is developed to systematically search for the best controller model structure together with it parameter values. The performance of the control scheme is presented and analysed in both time and frequency domain. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to suppress the unwanted vibration effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flexible%20beam" title="flexible beam">flexible beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=active%0Avibration%20control" title=" active vibration control"> active vibration control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=differential%20evolution" title=" differential evolution"> differential evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=direct%20adaptive%20controller" title=" direct adaptive controller"> direct adaptive controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/active-vibration-control-of-flexible-beam-using-differential-evolution-optimisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2559</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Chattering Phenomenon Supression of Buck Boost DC-DC Converter with Fuzzy Sliding Modes Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Sahbani">Abdelaziz Sahbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kamel%20Ben%20Saad"> Kamel Ben Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Benrejeb"> Mohamed Benrejeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes a Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) as a control strategy for Buck-Boost DC-DC converter. The proposed fuzzy controller specifies changes in the control signal based on the knowledge of the surface and the surface change to satisfy the sliding mode stability and attraction conditions. The performances of the proposed fuzzy sliding controller are compared to those obtained by a classical sliding mode controller. The satisfactory simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control law which reduces the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, the obtained results prove the robustness of the proposed control law against variation of the load resistance and the input voltage of the studied converter.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Buck%20Boost%20converter" title="Buck Boost converter">Buck Boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sliding%20Mode%20Control" title=" Sliding Mode Control"> Sliding Mode Control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20Sliding%20Mode%20Control" title=" Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control"> Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chattering." title=" chattering."> chattering.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1831/chattering-phenomenon-supression-of-buck-boost-dc-dc-converter-with-fuzzy-sliding-modes-control" class="btn 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