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class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:PaulTanenbaum" class="mw-userlink" title="User:PaulTanenbaum" data-mw-revid="1198205555"><bdi>PaulTanenbaum</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:PaulTanenbaum" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:PaulTanenbaum">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/PaulTanenbaum" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/PaulTanenbaum">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">11:41, 23 January 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(Fixed misspelling)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 11:41, 23 January 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:PaulTanenbaum" class="mw-userlink" title="User:PaulTanenbaum" data-mw-revid="1198205555"><bdi>PaulTanenbaum</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:PaulTanenbaum" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:PaulTanenbaum">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/PaulTanenbaum" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/PaulTanenbaum">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Fixed misspelling)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&diff=prev&oldid=1198205555" title="Square division">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&direction=prev&oldid=1198205555" title="Square division">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of military division organization</div> <p>A <b>square division</b> is a designation given to the way military <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> are organized. In a square organization, the division's main body is composed of four "maneuver," i.e., infantry <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regimental</a> elements. Other types of regiments, such as artillery, are not "maneuver" units and thus are not considered in the "square," viz, "four" (infantry) regiments scheme. </p><p>The usual internal organization within a square division would be two <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a>, each comprising two infantry regiments (consisting of two or three battalions.) Hence, on an organizational chart, the two infantry brigade, each with two infantry regiments would resemble a square. However, such divisions typically also include additional, supporting units such as artillery regiments. </p><p>By contrast, a <a href="/wiki/Triangular_division" title="Triangular division">triangular division</a> generally has its infantry units organized in a "three by three" format. Historically, this has usually meant three regiments comprising three infantry battalions, with the three regiments either controlled by a single brigade or directly by the divisional headquarters. (In many armies, more recently, the infantry regiment, as a combat formation, has been abolished and triangular divisions are made up of three brigades, each consisting of three battalions.) </p><p>In most <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> armies, divisions were organized as square divisions prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. They were generally reorganized as <a href="/wiki/Triangular_division" title="Triangular division">triangular divisions</a> during that war. Triangular divisions were smaller, allowing for more divisions to be formed, and were considered more suited for the positional warfare which characterized World War I. (See, for example, the organizational changes within the German Empire's <a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(German_Empire)" title="1st Division (German Empire)">1st Division</a>.) </p><p>A square division typically operates with either: two infantry brigades in line, and one infantry regiment forward and one in reserve, or; on a narrower front, with the brigades echeloned (one ahead of the other), (In contrast, the triangular division normally employs a "two up, one back" arrangement for its three infantry regiments/brigades.) In positional warfare, infantry regiments are formed in line to cover as much of a sector as possible, and are positioned with two battalions forward and one battalion behind, to provide defense in depth. An infantry regimental commander typically holds a reinforced rifle company or two (and rarely an entire battalion) from one of his three infantry battalions, with supporting arms, in the rear as a regimental reserve. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_World_War_II_(Square)_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/United_States_World_War_II_%28Square%29_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png/220px-United_States_World_War_II_%28Square%29_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/United_States_World_War_II_%28Square%29_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png/330px-United_States_World_War_II_%28Square%29_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/United_States_World_War_II_%28Square%29_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png/440px-United_States_World_War_II_%28Square%29_Infantry_Division_1940_Structure.png 2x" data-file-width="2894" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption>Square division example: 1940 U.S. infantry division. On the far left can be seen two brigades of two regiments each</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png/220px-United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png/330px-United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png/440px-United_States_World_War_II_Infantry_Division_1942_Structure.png 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>Triangular division example: 1942 U.S. infantry division. The brigades of the square division have been removed, and there are three regiments directly under divisional control.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War I, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> formed its divisions as square divisions, in contrast to the prevailing European norm.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States had the manpower to form the divisions, and expected to be engaging in more <a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">offensive</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">operations</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> stalemate, which consumed so much of the war on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, was broken late in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Army divisions remained organized as square divisions after the war and up to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. In 1940 through early 1942, during World War II, the U.S. Army reorganized its divisions as triangular divisions. Since the war, <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> doctrine has all but eliminated the purpose of the all-arms regiment, and brigades are generally organized as combined arms units. The brigades are themselves typically triangular, with three subordinate maneuver battalions and supporting units. Recent reforms in the United States and several European countries have placed greater emphasis on the brigade as the major tactical formation, with the division now acting more like a corps headquarters, controlling several relatively autonomous brigades and parceling out support units based on the tactical situation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan">Japan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> divisions were organized as square divisions prior to 1938 when they began to form triangular divisions during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="China">China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chinese <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> divisions were organized as square divisions prior to mid-1938 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_division" title="Triangular division">Triangular division</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/Brigade-AHistory.pdf">https://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/Brigade-AHistory.pdf</a> The Brigade A History p33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/squarediv.htm">http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/squarediv.htm</a> Basic Fighting Unit of the AEF</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHouse1984" class="citation book cs1">House, Jonathan M. (August 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p16040coll3/id/9/rec/6"><i>Toward combined arms warfare: a survey of 20th century tactics, doctrine and organization</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Combat Studies Institute Research Survey. Vol. 2. Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Staff College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toward+combined+arms+warfare%3A+a+survey+of+20th+century+tactics%2C+doctrine+and+organization&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.series=Combat+Studies+Institute+Research+Survey&rft.pub=US+Army+Command+and+General+Staff+College&rft.date=1984-08&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgsc.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fcdm%2Fsingleitem%2Fcollection%2Fp16040coll3%2Fid%2F9%2Frec%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+division" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_division&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/square_division" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/square division">square division</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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