Cybersecurity

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity","20230306045747","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1678078667"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;(()=>{var e,t,r={9071:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>n});var n=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(n=+i[1])},6562:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>p,Mt:()=>v,C5:()=>d,DL:()=>y,OP:()=>N,lF:()=>B,Yu:()=>A,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>f,GE:()=>w,sU:()=>M});var n={};r.r(n),r.d(n,{agent:()=>x,match:()=>j,version:()=>O});var i=r(6797),o=r(909),a=r(8610);class s{constructor(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,a.Z)("New setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,a.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");Object.assign(this,t),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;const n=(0,o.q)(t);n.length&&r&&"object"==typeof r&&n.forEach((e=>{e in r&&((0,a.Z)('"'.concat(e,'" is a protected attribute and can not be changed in feature ').concat(t,". It will have no effect.")),delete r[e])})),this[t]=r}))}catch(e){(0,a.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}}const c={beacon:i.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:i.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},u={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]=new s(t,c),(0,i.Qy)(e,u[e],"info")}const l={allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}},g={};function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");g[e]=new s(t,l),(0,i.Qy)(e,g[e],"config")}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const m={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},b={};function y(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return b[e]}function w(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");b[e]=new s(t,m),(0,i.Qy)(e,b[e],"loader_config")}const A=(0,i.mF)().o;var E=r(2053),x=null,O=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var T=navigator.userAgent,S=T.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);S&&-1===T.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===T.indexOf("Chromium")&&(x="Safari",O=S[1])}function j(e,t){if(!x)return!1;if(e!==x)return!1;if(!t)return!0;if(!O)return!1;for(var r=O.split("."),n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length;i++)if(n[i]!==r[i])return!1;return!0}var D=r(5526),_=r(2374);const k="NRBA_SESSION_ID";function P(){if(!_.il)return null;try{let e;return null===(e=window.sessionStorage.getItem(k))&&(e=(0,D.ky)(16),window.sessionStorage.setItem(k,e)),e}catch(e){return null}}var I=r(8226);const C=e=>({customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:(0,E.yf)(),onerror:void 0,origin:""+_._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:1==v(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?P():null,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof _._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,userAgent:n,version:I.q}),R={};function N(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!R[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return R[e]}function M(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");R[e]=new s(t,C(e)),(0,i.Qy)(e,R[e],"runtime")}function B(e){return function(e){try{const t=d(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},8226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{q:()=>n});const n="1226.PROD"},9557:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(8610);const i={agentIdentifier:""};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},4329:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(3752),i=r(7022),o=r(4045),a=r(2325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=Array.from(s[e]);function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)f(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},3752:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(6797),i=r(3916),o=r(7022),a=r(6562),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function g(){(u.backlog.api||u.backlog.feature)&&(u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={})}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},p=!1;try{p=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var h={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:m,get:A,listeners:w,context:v,buffer:E,abort:g,aborted:!1,isBuffering:x,debugId:r,backlog:p?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return h;function v(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function m(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=v(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;f<d;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var l=O()[c[e]];return l&&l.push([h,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=w(e).concat(t)}function y(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function w(e){return n[e]||[]}function A(t){return f[t]=f[t]||e(h,t)}function E(e,t){var r=O();h.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function x(e){return!!O()[c[e]]}function O(){return h.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},9252:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(3752).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4045:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(9252);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},8544:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(2374);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}},5526:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ht:()=>a,M:()=>o,Rl:()=>i,ky:()=>s});var n=r(2374);function i(){var e=null,t=0,r=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;function i(){return e?15&e[t++]:16*Math.random()|0}r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,a="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",s="",c=0;c<a.length;c++)s+="x"===(o=a[c])?i().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&i()|8).toString(16):o;return s}function o(){return s(16)}function a(){return s(32)}function s(e){var t=null,r=0,n=self.crypto||self.msCrypto;n&&n.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],o=0;o<e;o++)i.push(a().toString(16));return i.join("");function a(){return t?15&t[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}}},2053:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{nb:()=>c,os:()=>u,yf:()=>s,zO:()=>a});var n=r(7145),i=(new Date).getTime(),o=i;function a(){return n.G&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-o}function s(){return i}function c(e){o=e}function u(){return o}},7145:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G:()=>n});const n=void 0!==r(2374)._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart},6625:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{s:()=>c,v:()=>u});var n=r(8283),i=r(9071),o=r(2053),a=r(7145),s=r(2374);let c=!0;function u(e){var t=function(){if(i.I&&i.I<9)return;if(a.G)return c=!1,s._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart}();t&&((0,n.B)(e,"starttime",t),(0,o.nb)(t))}},8283:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>o,L:()=>a});var n=r(2053),i={};function o(e,t,r){void 0===r&&(r=(0,n.zO)()+(0,n.os)()),i[e]=i[e]||{},i[e][t]=r}function a(e,t,r,n){const o=e.sharedContext.agentIdentifier;var a=i[o]?.[r],s=i[o]?.[n];void 0!==a&&void 0!==s&&e.store("measures",t,{value:s-a})}},9548:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>i});var n=r(2374);const i={isFileProtocol:function(){let e=Boolean("file:"===(0,n.lW)()?.location?.protocol);e&&(i.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);return e},supportabilityMetricSent:!1}},8610:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){console&&console.warn&&"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},3916:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},2374:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,lW:()=>a,v6:()=>i});const n=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document),i=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator);let o=(()=>{if(n)return window;if(i){if("undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return globalThis;if(self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return self}throw new Error('New Relic browser agent shutting down due to error: Unable to locate global scope. This is possibly due to code redefining browser global variables like "self" and "window".')})();function a(){return o}},7022:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t){var r=[],i="",o=0;for(i in e)n.call(e,i)&&(r[o]=t(i,e[i]),o+=1);return r}},9226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$c:()=>u,Ng:()=>d,RR:()=>c});var n=r(6562),i=r(9557),o=r(9548),a=r(8610),s={regex:/^file:\/\/(.*)/,replacement:"file://OBFUSCATED"};class c extends i.w{constructor(e){super(e)}shouldObfuscate(){return u(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier).length>0}obfuscateString(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return e;for(var t=u(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier),r=e,n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n].regex,o=t[n].replacement||"*";r=r.replace(i,o)}return r}}function u(e){var t=[],r=(0,n.Mt)(e,"obfuscate")||[];return t=t.concat(r),o.T.isFileProtocol()&&t.push(s),t}function d(e){for(var t=!1,r=!1,n=0;n<e.length;n++){"regex"in e[n]?"string"!=typeof e[n].regex&&e[n].regex.constructor!==RegExp&&((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "regex" value with an invalid type (must be a string or RegExp)'),r=!0):((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule was detected missing a "regex" value.'),r=!0);var i=e[n].replacement;i&&"string"!=typeof i&&((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "replacement" value with an invalid type (must be a string)'),t=!0)}return!t&&!r}},2650:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},6797:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(2053),i=r(2374);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.zO)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},6998:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i,e:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t){if("hidden"!=document.visibilityState)return;e()}e(document.visibilityState)}))}function o(){return"hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0}},6034:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.metrics},600:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{Instrument:()=>O,constants:()=>T});var n=r(9252),i=r(4045),o=r(6114),a=r(2374),s={REACT:"React",ANGULAR:"Angular",ANGULARJS:"AngularJS",BACKBONE:"Backbone",EMBER:"Ember",VUE:"Vue",METEOR:"Meteor",ZEPTO:"Zepto",JQUERY:"Jquery"};function c(){if(!a.il)return[];var e=[];try{(function(){try{if(window.React||window.ReactDOM||window.ReactRedux)return!0;if(document.querySelector("[data-reactroot], [data-reactid]"))return!0;for(var e=document.querySelectorAll("body > div"),t=0;t<e.length;t++)if(Object.keys(e[t]).indexOf("_reactRootContainer")>=0)return!0;return!1}catch(e){return!1}})()&&e.push(s.REACT),function(){try{return!!window.angular||(!!document.querySelector(".ng-binding, [ng-app], [data-ng-app], [ng-controller], [data-ng-controller], [ng-repeat], [data-ng-repeat]")||!!document.querySelector('script[src*="angular.js"], script[src*="angular.min.js"]'))}catch(e){return!1}}()&&e.push(s.ANGULARJS),function(){try{return!!(window.hasOwnProperty("ng")&&window.ng.hasOwnProperty("coreTokens")&&window.ng.coreTokens.hasOwnProperty("NgZone"))||!!document.querySelectorAll("[ng-version]").length}catch(e){return!1}}()&&e.push(s.ANGULAR),window.Backbone&&e.push(s.BACKBONE),window.Ember&&e.push(s.EMBER),window.Vue&&e.push(s.VUE),window.Meteor&&e.push(s.METEOR),window.Zepto&&e.push(s.ZEPTO),window.jQuery&&e.push(s.JQUERY)}catch(e){}return e}var u=r(9548),d=r(9226),f=r(8226),l=r(2650),g=r(8544),p=r(6562),h=r(8610);const v={dedicated:Boolean(a._A?.Worker),shared:Boolean(a._A?.SharedWorker),service:Boolean(a._A?.navigator?.serviceWorker)};let m,b,y;var w=r(6034);var A,E,x;class O extends o.S{constructor(e,t){var r;let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,w.t,n),r=this,this.singleChecks(),this.eachSessionChecks(),(0,i.X)("record-supportability",(function(){return r.recordSupportability(...arguments)}),this.featureName,this.ee),(0,i.X)("record-custom",(function(){return r.recordCustom(...arguments)}),this.featureName,this.ee),this.importAggregator()}recordSupportability(e,t){var r=["sm",e,{name:e},t];return(0,n.p)("storeMetric",r,null,this.featureName,this.ee),r}recordCustom(e,t){var r=["cm",e,{name:e},t];return(0,n.p)("storeEventMetrics",r,null,this.featureName,this.ee),r}singleChecks(){this.recordSupportability("Generic/Version/".concat(f.q,"/Detected"));const{loaderType:e}=(0,p.OP)(this.agentIdentifier);e&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/LoaderType/".concat(e,"/Detected")),a.il&&(0,l.K)((()=>{c().forEach((e=>{this.recordSupportability("Framework/"+e+"/Detected")}))})),u.T.isFileProtocol()&&(this.recordSupportability("Generic/FileProtocol/Detected"),u.T.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);const t=(0,d.$c)(this.agentIdentifier);t.length>0&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Detected"),t.length>0&&!(0,d.Ng)(t)&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Invalid"),function(e){if(!m){if(v.dedicated){m=Worker;try{a._A.Worker=r(m,"Dedicated")}catch(e){o(e,"Dedicated")}if(v.shared){b=SharedWorker;try{a._A.SharedWorker=r(b,"Shared")}catch(e){o(e,"Shared")}}else n("Shared");if(v.service){y=navigator.serviceWorker.register;try{a._A.navigator.serviceWorker.register=(t=y,function(){for(var e=arguments.length,r=new Array(e),n=0;n<e;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];return i("Service",r[1]?.type),t.apply(navigator.serviceWorker,r)})}catch(e){o(e,"Service")}}else n("Service");var t;return}n("All")}function r(e,t){return"undefined"==typeof Proxy?e:new Proxy(e,{construct:(e,r)=>(i(t,r[1]?.type),new e(...r))})}function n(t){a.v6||e("Workers/".concat(t,"/Unavailable"))}function i(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(t,"module"===r?"/Module":"/Classic"))}function o(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(r,"/SM/Unsupported")),(0,h.Z)("NR Agent: Unable to capture ".concat(r," workers."),t)}}(this.recordSupportability.bind(this))}eachSessionChecks(){a.il&&(0,g.bP)("pageshow",(e=>{e.persisted&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/BFCache/PageRestored")}))}}A=O,E="featureName",x=w.t,(E=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(E))in A?Object.defineProperty(A,E,{value:x,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):A[E]=x;var T={SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:"sm",CUSTOM_METRIC:"cm"}},2484:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewEvent},5637:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{Instrument:()=>h});var n,i,o,a=r(9252),s=r(2053),c=r(8283),u=r(6625),d=r(6114),f=r(2650),l=r(2484),g=r(2325),p=r(2374);class h extends d.S{constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,l.t,r),p.il&&((0,u.v)(e),(0,c.B)(e,"firstbyte",(0,s.yf)()),(0,f.K)((()=>this.measureDomContentLoaded())),(0,f.b)((()=>this.measureWindowLoaded()),!0),this.importAggregator())}measureWindowLoaded(){var e=(0,s.zO)();(0,c.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",e+(0,s.os)()),(0,a.p)("timing",["load",e],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}measureDomContentLoaded(){(0,c.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,s.zO)()+(0,s.os)())}}n=h,i="featureName",o=l.t,(i=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(i))in n?Object.defineProperty(n,i,{value:o,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):n[i]=o},6382:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewTiming},7817:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{Instrument:()=>h});var n,i,o,a=r(9252),s=r(6998),c=r(8544),u=r(2053),d=r(6562),f=r(6114),l=r(6382),g=r(2325),p=r(2374);class h extends f.S{constructor(e,t){var r;let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(e,t,l.t,n),r=this,p.il){if(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,s.e)(),this.performanceObserver,this.lcpPerformanceObserver,this.clsPerformanceObserver,this.fiRecorded=!1,"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){this.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return r.perfObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(e){}this.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return r.lcpObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(e){}this.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return r.clsObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(e){}}this.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((e=>{(0,c.iz)(e,(function(){return r.captureInteraction(...arguments)}))})),(0,s.N)((()=>{this.pageHiddenTime=(0,u.zO)(),(0,a.p)("docHidden",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}),!0),(0,c.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,a.p)("winPagehide",[(0,u.zO)()],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}perfObserver(e,t){e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{"first-paint"===e.name?(0,a.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(e.startTime)],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===e.name&&(0,a.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(e.startTime)],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}lcpObserver(e,t){var r=e.getEntries();if(r.length>0){var n=r[r.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<n.startTime)return;var i=[n],o=this.addConnectionAttributes({});o&&i.push(o),(0,a.p)("lcp",i,void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}clsObserver(e){e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{e.hadRecentInput||(0,a.p)("cls",[e],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}addConnectionAttributes(e){var t=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(t)return t.type&&(e["net-type"]=t.type),t.effectiveType&&(e["net-etype"]=t.effectiveType),t.rtt&&(e["net-rtt"]=t.rtt),t.downlink&&(e["net-dlink"]=t.downlink),e}captureInteraction(e){if(e instanceof d.Yu.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var t=Math.round(e.timeStamp),r={type:e.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(r),t<=(0,u.zO)()?r.fid=(0,u.zO)()-t:t>(0,u.os)()&&t<=Date.now()?(t-=(0,u.os)(),r.fid=(0,u.zO)()-t):t=(0,u.zO)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,a.p)("timing",["fi",t,r],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}}n=h,i="featureName",o=l.t,(i=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(i))in n?Object.defineProperty(n,i,{value:o,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):n[i]=o},1509:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(3752),o=r(2384),a=r(6797);class s{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1,this.checkConfiguration()}checkConfiguration(){if(!(0,n.lF)(this.agentIdentifier)){let e={...(0,a.gG)().info?.jsAttributes};try{e={...e,...(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier)?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}(0,o.j)(this.agentIdentifier,{...(0,a.gG)(),info:{...(0,a.gG)().info,jsAttributes:e}})}}}},6114:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{S:()=>c});var n=r(4329),i=r(1509),o=r(2650),a=r(2374),s=r(8610);class c extends i.W{constructor(e,t,r){let i=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.hasAggregator=!1,this.auto=i,this.abortHandler,i&&(0,n.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){if(this.hasAggregator||!this.auto)return;this.hasAggregator=!0;const e=async()=>{try{const{lazyLoader:e}=await r.e(729).then(r.bind(r,8110)),{Aggregate:t}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator)}catch(e){(0,s.Z)("Downloading ".concat(this.featureName," failed...")),this.abortHandler?.()}};a.v6?e():(0,o.b)((()=>e()),!0)}}},2384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>y});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n),o=r(2325),a=r(6562),s=r(9252),c=r(7022),u=r(3752),d=r(2053),f=r(4329),l=r(2650),g=r(2374),p=r(8610);function h(e){["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&e.api[t](...n)}))}(t,...n)}}))}var v=r(6797);const m={stn:[o.D.sessionTrace],err:[o.D.jserrors,o.D.metrics],ins:[o.D.pageAction],spa:[o.D.spa]};const b={};function y(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,y=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:w,info:A,loader_config:E,runtime:x={loaderType:n},exposed:O=!0}=t;const T=(0,v.gG)();let S={};return A||(w=T.init,A=T.info,E=T.loader_config,S=T),g.v6&&(A.jsAttributes={...A.jsAttributes,isWorker:!0}),(0,a.CX)(e,A),(0,a.Dg)(e,w||{}),(0,a.GE)(e,E||{}),(0,a.sU)(e,x),function(e,t,n){n||(0,f.R)(e,"api"),h(t);var v=u.ee.get(e),m=v.get("tracer"),b="api-",y=b+"ixn-";function w(){}(0,c.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(e,r){t[r]=E(b,r,!0,"api")})),t.addPageAction=E(b,"addPageAction",!0,o.D.pageAction),t.setCurrentRouteName=E(b,"routeName",!0,o.D.spa),t.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,a.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/http://custom.transaction")+t,E(b,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},t.setCustomAttribute=function(t,r){const n=(0,a.C5)(e);return(0,a.CX)(e,{...n,jsAttributes:{...n.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),E(b,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},t.interaction=function(){return(new w).get()};var A=w.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},n=this,i="function"==typeof t;return(0,s.p)(y+"tracer",[(0,d.zO)(),e,r],n,o.D.spa,v),function(){if(m.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,d.zO)(),n,i],r),i)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw m.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{m.emit("fn-end",[(0,d.zO)()],r)}}}};function E(e,t,r,n){return function(){return(0,s.p)("record-supportability",["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,v),(0,s.p)(e+t,[(0,d.zO)()].concat(i()(arguments)),r?null:this,n,v),r?void 0:this}}function x(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,5692)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,f.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,p.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}(0,c.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(e,t){A[t]=E(y,t,void 0,o.D.spa)})),t.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)("record-supportability",["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,v),(0,s.p)("err",[e,(0,d.zO)(),!1,t],void 0,o.D.jserrors,v)},g.v6?x():(0,l.b)((()=>x()),!0)}(e,S,y),(0,v.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,v.Qy)(e,O,"exposed"),g.v6||((0,v.EZ)("activatedFeatures",b),(0,v.EZ)("setToken",(t=>function(e,t){var r=u.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&((0,c.D)(e,(function(e,t){if(!t)return(m[e]||[]).forEach((t=>{(0,s.p)("block-"+e,[],void 0,t,r)}));b[e]||((0,s.p)("feat-"+e,[],void 0,m[e],r),b[e]=!0)})),(0,f.L)(t,o.D.pageViewEvent))}(t,e)))),S}},909:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>i,q:()=>o});var n=r(2325);function i(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}function o(e){return e===n.D.jserrors?[]:["auto"]}},2325:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8}},8683:e=>{e.exports=function(e,t,r){t||(t=0),void 0===r&&(r=e?e.length:0);for(var n=-1,i=r-t||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++n<i;)o[n]=e[t+n];return o}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return i.d(t,{a:t}),t},i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",193:"session_trace-aggregate",225:"ajax-instrument",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",439:"async-api",578:"jserrors-instrument",729:"lazy-loader",757:"session_trace-instrument",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",876:"spa-instrument",898:"ajax-aggregate",908:"page_action-instrument"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"92657d87",118:"34a59fa6",147:"7dcaee1b",193:"401d5d17",225:"25fe7245",264:"bcaf68fc",317:"d078b949",348:"6b3fec7f",439:"6bb277af",578:"c8f23c89",729:"48127245",757:"98d3280d",786:"29613e65",873:"58d1fc78",876:"364406a9",898:"178bdaa3",908:"64360627"}[e]+"-1226.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var f=u[d];if(f.getAttribute("src")==r||f.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=f;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var l=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={831:0,744:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{"use strict";i.r(o);var e=i(2325),t=i(6562);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(2384),s=i(909),c=i(9557),u=i(7022);class d extends c.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,u.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=f(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,u.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=f(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=l(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=f(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=g(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function f(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=l(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function l(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function g(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,u.D)(e,p)}function p(e,t){return t}var h=i(6797),v=i(5526),m=i(8610);var b=i(5637),y=i(7817),w=i(600);new class{constructor(t){let r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,v.ky)(16);this.agentIdentifier=r,this.sharedAggregator=new d({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=t.features||[],this.desiredFeatures.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,t,t.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const e="features";try{const t=n(this.agentIdentifier);this.desiredFeatures.forEach((e=>{if(t[e.featureName]){const r=(0,s.Z)(e.featureName);r.every((e=>t[e]))||(0,m.Z)("".concat(e.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat(JSON.stringify(r),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[e.featureName]=new e(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,h.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,e)}catch(t){(0,m.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[e],delete this.sharedAggregator,delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[b.Instrument,y.Instrument,w.Instrument],loaderType:"lite"})})(),window.NRBA=o})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66610693-3"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {cookie_flags: 'SameSite=None;Secure'});gtag("config", "UA-66610693-3", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "UA-33523145-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Cybersecurity","node_id":"1079416","content_type":"Topic Landing Page"});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/node/1079416"/> <meta name="description" content="NIST develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, best practices, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S."/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Cybersecurity"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="NIST develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, best practices, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S."/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2016-06-30T13:50-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2016-06-30T13:50-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2023-01-20T09:33-05:00"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Cybersecurity | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Cybersecurity"/> <meta property="og:description" content="NIST develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, best practices, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/03/27/cloud_computing.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="220"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="156"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2016-06-30T13:50-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-01-20T09:33-05:00"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="NIST develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, best practices, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Cybersecurity"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity"/> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="156"/> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="220"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/03/27/cloud_computing.jpg"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2023-01-20T09:33:00-05:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "Cybersecurity | NIST", "description": "\u003Cp\u003ENIST develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, best practices, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S.\u003C/p\u003E", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "representativeOfPage": "True", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/03/27/cloud_computing.jpg", "width": "220", "height": "156" }, "datePublished": "2016-06-30T13:50-04:00", "dateModified": "2023-01-20T09:33-05:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="topic_landing_page"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Cybersecurity | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230306045747cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PCxI_No6IPy6zP7TXfKN-wq4ih_4YeGNy0k_ioGpWnc.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230306045747cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_gD8QmGaNfUQuThtjB-S0EwEOZZNJP1QfUU1bDdLHbMU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20230306045747cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230306045747cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230306045747cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_dXhP8gFSR5hd16LUS1TrwJ15l9WTOxqff1l1a5ojF4o.css"/> <script src="/web/20230306045747js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_VDwaIMNiRtzQn-NZvj1F9loIzJ-i4yEDiruzS8Z6Ejo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-1079416"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/director/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--topic nist-section-header--hero"> <div class="nist-section-header__hero-img"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--no-margin"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2021/08/26/cyber.jpg" width="1200" height="248" alt="ones and zeros on top of a background with a lock graphic" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__top grid-container"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology">Information Technology</a> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__sub"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Cybersecurity</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--topic-description padding-top-4 margin-top-1"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>Overview</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>NIST develops cybersecurity standards, guidelines, best practices, and other resources to meet the needs of U.S. industry, federal agencies and the broader public. Our activities range from producing specific information that organizations can put into practice immediately to longer-term research that anticipates advances in technologies and future challenges.</p> <p>Some NIST cybersecurity assignments are defined by federal statutes, executive orders and policies. For example, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) mandates that all federal agencies implement NIST’s cybersecurity standards and guidance for non-national security systems. Our cybersecurity activities also are driven by the needs of U.S. industry and the broader public. We <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8dd2b710-81b3-4592-ade4-7f4ac1fe30c2" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-privacy-stakeholder-engagement" title="Cybersecurity & Privacy Stakeholder Engagement">engage vigorously with stakeholders</a> to set priorities and ensure that our resources address the key issues that they face. </p> <p>NIST also advances understanding and improves the management of privacy risks, some of which relate directly to cybersecurity.</p> <p>Priority areas to which NIST contributes – and plans to focus more on – include cryptography, education and workforce, emerging technologies, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ac0702ba-8b74-42b7-a776-b8262d698461" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/risk-management" title="Risk Management">risk management</a>, identity and access management, measurements, privacy, trustworthy networks and trustworthy platforms.</p> <p>Additional details can be found in these <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="95bb2247-549b-4646-a017-9784e35c69bc" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/document/cybersecurity-vitals-fact-sheet" title="Cybersecurity Vitals Fact Sheet" class="media-link-ga " data-file-url="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2021/11/09/Cybersecurity%20Vitals%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf">brief</a> and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="f3dc65b1-7b89-4417-bb05-56f71162fd98" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/document/extended-cybersecurity-vitals-fact-sheet" title="Extended Cybersecurity Vitals Fact Sheet" class="media-link-ga " data-file-url="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2022/07/21/Extended%20Cybersecurity%20Vitals%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf">more detailed</a> fact sheets.</p> <div class="nist-callout"> <p>Two recent cybersecurity <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cyber-supply-chain-risk-management">supply chain</a> projects are featured here: <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="eb9ef047-42d4-4b64-abe6-5bb6c7826811" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/executive-order-14028-improving-nations-cybersecurity" title="Executive Order 14028, Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity">Executive Order 14028, Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity</a> and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3cb6deda-3382-4bae-b661-48ec5d72bc1f" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity/improving-cybersecurity-supply-chains-nists-public-private-partnership" title="Improving Cybersecurity in Supply Chains: NIST’s Public-Private Partnership">National Initiative for Improving Cybersecurity in Supply Chains</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--no-margin"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Featured Content</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/executive-order-14028-improving-nations-cybersecurity">Executive Order - Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/">Computer Security Resource Center</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework">Cybersecurity Framework</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework/updating-nist-cybersecurity-framework-journey-csf-20">Journey to Cybersecurity Framework 2.0</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-framework">Privacy Framework</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/risk-management">Risk Management Framework</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://nccoe.nist.gov/">National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice">National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE)</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber">Small Business Cybersecurity Corner</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nist-cybersecurity-iot-program">Cybersecurity for IoT</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity/50th-anniversary-cybersecurity-nist">50th Anniversary of Cybersecurity at NIST</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/nist-cyber-history">NIST Cybersecurity Program History and Timeline</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-base-lightest padding-y-5 margin-y-4"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--topic-list grid-container"> <div class="views-element-container nist-block margin-bottom-0"> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-91bdf2103884857de840d3208c3386171ba8e66d3785172719d1244dde79c9d0"> <div class="nist-block margin-bottom-0"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>Cybersecurity Topics</h2> </div> <ul class="add-list-reset link-list"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cryptography" hreflang="en">Cryptography</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity-education-and-workforce-development" hreflang="en">Cybersecurity education and workforce development</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity-measurement" hreflang="en">Cybersecurity measurement</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/identity-access-management" hreflang="en">Identity & access management</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-engineering" hreflang="en">Privacy engineering</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/risk-management" hreflang="en">Risk Management</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/securing-emerging-technologies" hreflang="en">Securing emerging technologies</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/trustworthy-networks" hreflang="en">Trustworthy networks</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/trustworthy-platforms" hreflang="en">Trustworthy platforms</a></div></div></li> </div> </div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--main"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="grid-container margin-y-5"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-research paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>The Research</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Projects & Programs</h2> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/exposure-notification-protecting-workplaces-and-vulnerable-communities-during" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/exposure-notification-protecting-workplaces-and-vulnerable-communities-during" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/07/24/deviceab.png?itok=-cEpWJm6" width="100" height="59" alt="device a and device b" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/exposure-notification-protecting-workplaces-and-vulnerable-communities-during"><span>Exposure Notification – protecting workplaces and vulnerable communities during a pandemic</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> The goal of this project is to utilize NIST expertise in privacy, cybersecurity, machine learning, wireless technology, ranging, modeling, and hardware and </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/trustworthy-networks-things" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/trustworthy-networks-things" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/09/09/proj-tnot-infographic-300px.jpg?itok=mEzwFDlG" width="100" height="100" alt="Trustworthy Network of Things" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/trustworthy-networks-things"><span>Trustworthy Networks of Things</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> NIST is working with industry to design, standardize, test and foster adoption of network-centric approaches to protect IoT devices from the Internet and to </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program-cmvp" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program-cmvp"><span>Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> The Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) is a joint effort between the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the Department of Commerce </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/cyber-physical-systemsinternet-things-smart-cities" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cyber-physical-systemsinternet-things-smart-cities" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/el/smartgrid/web-gctg.jpg?itok=Qnxq8tgR" width="100" height="100" alt="web-gctg" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cyber-physical-systemsinternet-things-smart-cities"><span>Cyber-Physical Systems/Internet of Things for Smart Cities</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Smart cities are enabled by cyber-physical systems (CPS), which involve connecting devices and systems – such as Internet of Things (IoT) technologies – in </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248731">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Additional Resources Links</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link nist-field--link-list font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/publications/search?k=&t=&a=&ps=All&ta%5B0%5D=248731&ta%5B1%5D=248731&n=&d%5Bmin%5D=&d%5Bmax%5D=">Publications</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/topic/248731">Software</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/awards/topic/248731">Awards</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-privacy-stakeholder-engagement">Stakeholder Engagement</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity/international-cybersecurity-and-privacy-resources">International Resources</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/ransomware-protection-and-response">Ransomware Resources</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/usable-cybersecurity">Usable Cybersecurity</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>News</h2> </div> <div class="margin-bottom-5"> <div class="entity-reference"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/05/nist-updates-cybersecurity-guidance-supply-chain-risk-management"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/05/04/SupplyChain_CyberFramework_v1_web-05.png?itok=P2vId2RJ" width="600" height="360" alt="A shadowy figure stands among conveyor belts, which carry a number of brown packages. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3><span property="schema:name">NIST Updates Cybersecurity Guidance for Supply Chain Risk Management</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">A new update to the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s foundational cybersecurity supply chain risk management (C-SCRM) guidance aims to help organizations protect themselves as they acquire and use technology products and services.</div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/05/nist-updates-cybersecurity-guidance-supply-chain-risk-management" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-news-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-432a646c7336488d47715e1d2000f957bd5eda81bdb94e83ecfbd09bc7185abf"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/03/immersive-test-center-brings-first-responders-advanced-training"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/03/03/PSITC_blog_header-2.jpg?itok=CwVOu6HM" width="800" height="400" alt="First responder using virtual reality head set inside the Public Safety Immersive Test Center with NIST and FirstNet Authority staff." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">Immersive Test Center brings first responders advanced training, opportunities to overcome challenges</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/03/immersive-test-center-brings-first-responders-advanced-training" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/how-digital-twins-could-protect-manufacturers-cyberattacks"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/02/23/Digital-Twin-rev2.png?itok=EgRyT7jk" width="800" height="400" alt="A graphic illustrates information flowing from both real and digital 3D printers on either side of a computer monitored by a person." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">How Digital Twins Could Protect Manufacturers From Cyberattacks</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/how-digital-twins-could-protect-manufacturers-cyberattacks" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=pf3mlULJ" width="800" height="400" alt="Shield labeled "Update" is surrounded by icons for Internet of Things applications like fitness trackers and smart home systems." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">NIST Selects ‘Lightweight Cryptography’ Algorithms to Protect Small Devices</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/topic/248731">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-normal paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="630816"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_t8husty0?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_t8husty0&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Protecting Your Small Business: Phishing" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_t8husty0/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image"><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Protecting Your Small Business: Phishing</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"> In this animated story, a business manager receives an urgent email from what she believes to be her bank. Before she clicks an included web link, a business colleague alerts her to possible harm from a phishing attack. Learn about common types of phishing messages and why any business owner or employee needs to be vigilant against their danger. This video also helps the viewer learn how to stay prepared, get helpful information, and find support from NIST’s Small Business Cybersecurity Corner website. For the NIST Small Business Cybersecurity Corner: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber">https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber</a> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="624326"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_5xaxne18?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_5xaxne18&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Protecting Your Small Business: Ransomware" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_5xaxne18/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image"><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Protecting Your Small Business: Ransomware</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"> In this animated story, two professionals discuss ransomware attacks and the impacts it can have on small businesses. Since ransomware is a common threat for small businesses, this video provides an example of how ransomware attacks can happen—along with how to stay prepared, get helpful information, and find support from NIST’s Small Business Cybersecurity Corner website. For the NIST Small Business Cybersecurity Corner: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber">https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber</a> To see more NIST ransomware resources: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/ransomware-protection-and-response">https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/ransomware-protection-and-response</a> </figcaption></figure></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Cybersecurity Insights Blog</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-2671a3e1bd19b8dc7fbb8953c50ae02125ce1cceb72ba30542493613ffe797db"> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/phishing-resistance-protecting-keys-your-kingdom" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/phishing-resistance-protecting-keys-your-kingdom"><span>Phishing Resistance – Protecting the Keys to Your Kingdom</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-01T12:00:00Z">February 1, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">If you own a computer, watch the news, or spend virtually any time online these days you have probably heard the term “phishing.” Never in a positive context</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/data-analytics-small-businesses-how-manage-privacy-risks" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/data-analytics-small-businesses-how-manage-privacy-risks"><span>Data Analytics for Small Businesses: How to Manage Privacy Risks</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-01-27T12:00:00Z">January 27, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Perhaps you’ve been hearing about data analytics, which is being promoted as a way for even small businesses to analyze communications with customers, enhance</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/international-engagement-blog-singapore-international-cyber-week" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/international-engagement-blog-singapore-international-cyber-week"><span>International Engagement Blog: Singapore International Cyber Week, the Regional Initiative for Cybersecurity Education and Training, and More</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-12-14T12:00:00Z">December 14, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">NIST has continued to collaborate into the fall season with partners throughout the world on the Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 update. International engagement</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/why-employers-should-embrace-competency-based-learning-cybersecurity" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/why-employers-should-embrace-competency-based-learning-cybersecurity" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/10/13/shutterstock_759339685.jpg?itok=knwZb489" width="100" height="43" alt="Macro photo of tooth wheel mechanism with COMPETENCE concept related words imprinted on metal surface" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/why-employers-should-embrace-competency-based-learning-cybersecurity"><span>Why Employers Should Embrace Competency-Based Learning in Cybersecurity</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-10-25T12:00:00Z">October 25, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">There is a growing movement toward increasing the use of competency and skills-based education and hiring practices in both the public and private sectors. For</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights">View more</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2> <div class="string">Events</div> </h2> </div> <div class="nist-block "> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-25aac8bd4677e72abf14c75488b9262cacf901cad6ee053875b5e5f2f334a41f"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/03/iot-advisory-board-meeting" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/iot-advisory-board-meeting"><span>IOT Advisory Board Meeting</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Tue, Mar 7 2023</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This second meeting of the IoT Advisory Board will focus on establishing the outline for the IoT Advisory Board’s report</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/03/digital-identity-guidelines-webinar-2-innovating-identity-proofing" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/digital-identity-guidelines-webinar-2-innovating-identity-proofing"><span>Digital Identity Guidelines Webinar (2): Innovating Identity Proofing</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Thu, Mar 9 2023, 1:30 - 3:00pm EST</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This second webinar in the Digital Identity Guidelines Webinar Series will focus on the changes NIST has made to the</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/03/digital-identity-guidelines-webinar-3-future-authentication" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/digital-identity-guidelines-webinar-3-future-authentication"><span>Digital Identity Guidelines Webinar (3): The Future of Authentication</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Thu, Mar 16 2023, 1:30 - 3:00pm EDT</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This final webinar in the Digital Identity Guidelines Webinar Series will focus on the evolving nature of authentication</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/06/13th-annual-nice-conference-and-expo" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/06/13th-annual-nice-conference-and-expo"><span>13th Annual NICE Conference and Expo</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Mon, Jun 5 - Wed, Jun 7 2023</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The next NICE Conference and Expo will take place June 5-7, 2023 at the Westin Seattle in Seattle, WA. This year’s</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/upcoming-events/topic/248731">View All Events</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="padding-5 bg-primary-dark"> <h2 class="text-white text-center">Stay in Touch</h2> <p class="text-white text-center">Sign up for our newsletter to stay up to date with the latest research, trends, and news for Cybersecurity.</p> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscribers/qualify" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"> <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"/> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIST_14"/> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-1 flex flex-justify-center"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-3"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="email">Enter Email Address</label> <input class="usa-input" type="email" name="email" id="email" placeholder="Enter your email"> </div> <div class="grid-row flex-wrap margin-top-1"> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign Up" class="usa-button usa-button--outline usa-button--inverse"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20230306045747im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/cybersecurity" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1079416","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-66610693-3","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip","trackDomainMode":1},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20230306045747js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_DNL6VrEuHPrL959oUExCzGY3A7BXQIMYib7aZLaICi4.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045747js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20230306045747js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_psG0qb41PTPmrFpGicvu_erYmftsLA8D0j59Q-Fj4l0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFkVVVABoWlcAUQQ=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":40,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Cybersecurity | NIST