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id="toc-Umbrians_and_Etruscans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umbrians_and_Etruscans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Umbrians and Etruscans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umbrians_and_Etruscans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_lordships_of_Perugia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_lordships_of_Perugia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>The lordships of Perugia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_lordships_of_Perugia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biordo_Michelotti_(1393–1398)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biordo_Michelotti_(1393–1398)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Biordo Michelotti (1393–1398)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biordo_Michelotti_(1393–1398)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti_(1400–1402)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti_(1400–1402)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1400–1402)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti_(1400–1402)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braccio_da_Montone_(1416–1424)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braccio_da_Montone_(1416–1424)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Braccio da Montone (1416–1424)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braccio_da_Montone_(1416–1424)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>The Renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baglioni_family_(1438–1540)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baglioni_family_(1438–1540)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Baglioni family (1438–1540)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baglioni_family_(1438–1540)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Frazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secular_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secular_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Secular buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secular_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_towers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_towers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Medieval towers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_towers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiquities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Antiquities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Modern architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perugia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="بروجة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Փերուկիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փերուկիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8rousa" title="Pèrousa – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pèrousa" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruca" title="Peruca – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Peruca" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="پروجا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پروجا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Пэруджа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэруджа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusa" title="Perusa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perusa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_de_Perugia" title="Ciudad de Perugia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Ciudad de Perugia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Περούτζα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περούτζα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru%C4%9Do" title="Peruĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peruĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="پروجا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروجا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rouse" title="Pérouse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A3%A8%EC%9E%90" title="페루자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페루자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BB%D5%A1" title="Պերուջա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերուջա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%C3%A6" title="Перуджæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Перуджæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%94" title="פרוג'ה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוג'ה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="პერუჯა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერუჯა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusia" title="Perusia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Perusia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perud%C5%BEa" title="Perudža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perudža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perud%C5%BEa" title="Perudža – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perudža" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruggia" title="Peruggia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Peruggia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B0" title="Перуџа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перуџа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पेरुजिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेरुजिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="პერუჯა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პერუჯა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بيروچيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيروچيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia_(stad)" title="Perugia (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perugia (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3" title="ペルージャ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルージャ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perosa" title="Perosa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Perosa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پیروگیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیروگیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BAgia" title="Perúgia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perúgia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पेरुजिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पेरुजिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruxhia" title="Peruxhia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Peruxhia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%B9ggia" title="Pirùggia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pirùggia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%92%D0%B0" title="Перуђа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перуђа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugge" title="Perugge – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Perugge" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D2%97%D0%B0" title="Перуҗа – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Перуҗа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2" title="เปรูจา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปรูจา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Перуджа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перуджа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="پیروجا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیروجا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruza" title="Peruza – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Peruza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E9%B2%81%E8%B4%BE" title="佩鲁贾 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="佩鲁贾" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E9%AD%AF%E8%B3%88" title="佩魯賈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佩魯賈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Perugia" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E9%B2%81%E8%B4%BE" title="佩鲁贾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佩鲁贾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3437#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Perugia&params=43_6_44_N_12_23_20_E_region:IT_type:city(162275)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°6′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°23′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.11222°N 12.38889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.11222; 12.38889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Umbria, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Italy. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Perugia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Perugia (disambiguation)">Perugia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Umbria, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Perugia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Perugia</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div style="height:198px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg/298px-Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg" decoding="async" width="298" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg/447px-Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg/596px-Perugia_-_Comune_di_Perugia_-_2023-09-27_14-34-59_003.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Panorama of Piazza IV Novembre</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg/96px-ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg/144px-ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg/192px-ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4344" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_Arch" title="Etruscan Arch">Etruscan Arch</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_San_Domenico_(Perugia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg/97px-Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg/146px-Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg/194px-Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Basilica San Domenico</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_del_Cassero,_Perugia1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Torre_del_Cassero%2C_Perugia1.jpg/96px-Torre_del_Cassero%2C_Perugia1.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Torre_del_Cassero%2C_Perugia1.jpg/144px-Torre_del_Cassero%2C_Perugia1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Torre_del_Cassero%2C_Perugia1.jpg/192px-Torre_del_Cassero%2C_Perugia1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4344" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Torre del Cassero</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_(Perugia)_-_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_%28Perugia%29_-_2023.jpg/88px-Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_%28Perugia%29_-_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_%28Perugia%29_-_2023.jpg/132px-Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_%28Perugia%29_-_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_%28Perugia%29_-_2023.jpg/176px-Chiostro_e_campanile_di_San_Pietro_%28Perugia%29_-_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="5036" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Basilica San Pietro</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg/206px-Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg/309px-Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg/412px-Nel_cuore_della_Rocca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Rocca_Paolina" title="Rocca Paolina">Rocca Paolina</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg/298px-Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg/447px-Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg/596px-Perugia_from_Porta_Sole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6036" data-file-height="1656" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Perugia from Porta Sole</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Perugia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Perugia"><img alt="Flag of Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Perugia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Perugia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Perugia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Perugia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Perugia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Perugia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="425" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Perugia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Perugia-Stemma.svg/59px-Perugia-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Perugia-Stemma.svg/89px-Perugia-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Perugia-Stemma.svg/119px-Perugia-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Perugia</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_e9ee28685fab6f7d2295cd2e9e68aacfd0bff996"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Perugia&revid=1253694727&groups=_e9ee28685fab6f7d2295cd2e9e68aacfd0bff996" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Perugia&revid=1253694727&groups=_e9ee28685fab6f7d2295cd2e9e68aacfd0bff996 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perugia is located in Italy"><img alt="Perugia is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.436%;left:48.351%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perugia"><img alt="Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Perugia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Perugia in Umbria</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perugia is located in Umbria"><img alt="Perugia is located in Umbria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Umbria_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="542" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.913%;left:36.091%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perugia"><img alt="Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Perugia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Perugia (Umbria)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Umbria</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Perugia&params=43_6_44_N_12_23_20_E_region:IT_type:city(162275)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°6′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°23′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.11222°N 12.38889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.11222; 12.38889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Perugia" title="Province of Perugia">Perugia</a> (PG)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazioni</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>See <a href="#Frazioni">list</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Ferdinandi" title="Vittoria Ferdinandi">Vittoria Ferdinandi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Ind.</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">449.5 km<sup>2</sup> (173.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">493 m (1,617 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(30 June 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-082d0cb22b2c83561ff484b2b4853a24921d8bbd-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-082d0cb22b2c83561ff484b2b4853a24921d8bbd-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">161,228</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">360/km<sup>2</sup> (930/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Perugino</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">06100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">075</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constantius_of_Perugia" title="Constantius of Perugia">St. Constantius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herculanus_of_Perugia" title="Herculanus of Perugia">St. Herculanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence of Rome">St. Lawrence</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">29 January</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.perugia.it/">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Perugia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">pə-<span style="font-size:90%">ROO</span>-jə</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠jee-ə, pay-</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[peˈruːdʒa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d2\/It-Perugia.ogg\/It-Perugia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Perugia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/It-Perugia.ogg/It-Perugia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Perugia.ogg" title="File:It-Perugia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Perusia</i>) is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a> in central Italy, crossed by the River <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>. The city is located about 164 km (102 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and 148 km (92 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area. </p><p>The history of Perugia goes back to the Etruscan period; Perugia was one of the main <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_cities" title="Etruscan cities">Etruscan cities</a>. </p><p>The city is also known as a <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> town, with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">University of Perugia</a> founded in 1308, the <a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">University for Foreigners</a>, and some smaller colleges such as the Academy of Fine Arts "Pietro Vannucci" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Accademia di Belle Arti "Pietro Vannucci"</i>) public athenaeum founded in 1573, the Perugia University Institute of Linguistic Mediation for translators and interpreters, the Music Conservatory of Perugia, founded in 1788, and other institutes. </p><p>Perugia is also a well-known cultural and artistic centre of Italy. The city hosts multiple annual festivals and events, e.g., former <a href="/wiki/Eurochocolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurochocolate">Eurochocolate</a> Festival (October), now in <a href="/wiki/Bastia_Umbra" title="Bastia Umbra">Bastia Umbra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Umbria_Jazz_Festival" title="Umbria Jazz Festival">Umbria Jazz Festival</a> (July), and the <a href="/wiki/International_Journalism_Festival" title="International Journalism Festival">International Journalism Festival</a> (in April), and is associated with multiple notable people in the arts. </p><p>Painter Pietro Vannucci, nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Perugino" class="mw-redirect" title="Perugino">Perugino</a>, was a native of <a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_della_Pieve" title="Città della Pieve">Città della Pieve</a>, near Perugia. He decorated the local <i>Sala del Cambio</i> with a series of <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a>; eight of his pictures can also be seen in the National Gallery of Umbria.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perugino was the teacher of <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the great <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> artist who produced five paintings in Perugia (today no longer in the city)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one fresco.<sup id="cite_ref-severo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-severo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another painter, <a href="/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a>, lived in Perugia. <a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Alessi" title="Galeazzo Alessi">Galeazzo Alessi</a> is the most famous architect from Perugia.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's symbol is the <a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">griffin</a>, which can be seen in the form of <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">plaques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statues</a> on buildings around the city. It is also the symbol of the local football club <a href="/wiki/A.C._Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Perugia">A.C. Perugia</a>, who have previously played in the <a href="/wiki/Serie_A" title="Serie A">Serie A</a>. Having never been Italian champions, the club went unbeaten in the <a href="/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_Serie_A" title="1978–79 Serie A">1978–79</a> season in spite of finishing second in the championship. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Perugia" title="Timeline of Perugia">Timeline of Perugia</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umbrians_and_Etruscans">Umbrians and Etruscans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Umbrians and Etruscans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perugia was an <a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbrian</a> settlement<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but first appears in written history as <i><a href="/wiki/Perusia" title="Perusia">Perusia</a></i>, one of the 12 <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#Etruscan_League" title="Etruscan civilization">confederate</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was first mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Pictor" title="Quintus Fabius Pictor">Q. Fabius Pictor's</a> account, used by <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, of the expedition carried out against the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#Etruscan_League" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan League</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fabius_Maximus_Rullianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabius Maximus Rullianus">Fabius Maximus Rullianus</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 310 or 309 BC. At that time a thirty-year <i><a href="/wiki/Truce" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce">indutiae</a></i> (truce) was agreed upon;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, in 295 Perusia took part in the <a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Third Samnite War</a> and was forced, with Volsinii and Arretium (<a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>), to sue for peace in the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 216 and 205 BC, it assisted Rome in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>, but afterwards it is not mentioned until 41–40 BC, when <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Antonius_(brother_of_Mark_Antony)" title="Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony)">Lucius Antonius</a> took refuge there, and was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavian</a> after a long siege, and its senators sent to their deaths. A number of <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)#Ammunition" title="Sling (weapon)">lead bullets used by slingers</a> have been found in and around the city.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was burnt, we are told, with the exception of the temples of <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)" title="Vulcan (mythology)">Vulcan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a>—the massive Etruscan terrace-walls,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> naturally, can hardly have suffered at all—and the town, with the territory for a mile round, was allowed to be occupied by whoever chose. It must have been rebuilt almost at once, for several bases for statues exist, inscribed <i>Augusto sacr(um) Perusia restituta</i>; but it did not become a <i><a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">colonia</a></i>, until 251–253 AD, when it was resettled as <i>Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia</i>, under the emperor <a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Middle_Ages">Early Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is hardly mentioned except by the geographers until it was the only city in Umbria to resist <a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>, who captured it and laid the city waste in 547, after a long siege, apparently after the city's Byzantine garrison evacuated. Negotiations with the besieging forces fell to the city's bishop, <a href="/wiki/Herculanus_of_Perugia" title="Herculanus of Perugia">Herculanus</a>, as representative of the townspeople.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Totila is said to have ordered the bishop to be <a href="/wiki/Flayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Flayed">flayed</a> and beheaded. St. Herculanus (Sant'Ercolano) later became the city's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard</a> period, Perugia is spoken of as one of the principal cities of <a href="/wiki/Tuscia" title="Tuscia">Tuscia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 9th century, with the consent of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>, it passed under the popes; but by the 11th century, its <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">commune</a> was asserting itself, and for many centuries the city continued to maintain an independent life, warring against many of the neighbouring lands and cities— <a href="/wiki/Foligno" title="Foligno">Foligno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Todi" title="Todi">Todi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>, etc. In 1186, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a>, <i>rex romanorum</i> and future emperor, granted diplomatic recognition to the <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consular</a> government of the city; afterward, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a>, whose major aim was to give state dignity to the dominions having been constituting the <a href="/wiki/Patrimonium_Sancti_Petri" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrimonium Sancti Petri">patrimony of St. Peter</a>, acknowledged the validity of the imperial statement and recognised the established civic practices as having the force of law.<sup id="cite_ref-commune_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commune-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01_Perugia_Grifo_Codice_Medioevo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/01_Perugia_Grifo_Codice_Medioevo.jpg/220px-01_Perugia_Grifo_Codice_Medioevo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/01_Perugia_Grifo_Codice_Medioevo.jpg/330px-01_Perugia_Grifo_Codice_Medioevo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/01_Perugia_Grifo_Codice_Medioevo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Perugia <a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">griffin</a>, in a medieval <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">document</a></figcaption></figure><p>On various occasions, the popes found asylum from the tumults of Rome within its walls, and it was the meetingplace of five <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">conclaves</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perugia_Papacy" title="Perugia Papacy">Perugia Papacy</a>), including those that elected <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III" title="Pope Honorius III">Honorius III</a> (1216), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Clement IV</a> (1265), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a> (1294), and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Clement V</a> (1305); the papal presence was characterised by a pacificatory rule between the internal rivalries.<sup id="cite_ref-commune_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commune-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Perugia had no mind simply to subserve the papal interests and never accepted papal sovereignty; the city used to exercise a jurisdiction over the members of the clergy, moreover in 1282, Perugia was excommunicated due to a new military offensive against the Ghibellines regardless of a papal prohibition. On the other hand, side by side with the 13th-century bronze griffin of Perugia above the door of the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Priori" title="Palazzo dei Priori">Palazzo dei Priori</a> stands, as a Guelphic emblem, the <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">lion</a>, and Perugia remained loyal for the most part to the Guelph party in the struggles of <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a>, but this dominant tendency was rather an anti-Germanic and Italian political strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-commune_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commune-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> presence in Italy appeared to offer a counterpoise to papal powers; in 1319, Perugia declared the Angevin Saint <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Toulouse" title="Louis of Toulouse">Louis of Toulouse</a> "Protector of the city's sovereignty and of the Palazzo of its Priors"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and set his figure among the other patron saints above the rich doorway of the Palazzo dei Priori. Midway through the 14th century <a href="/wiki/Bartholus_of_Sassoferrato" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholus of Sassoferrato">Bartholus of Sassoferrato</a>, who was a renowned jurist, asserted that Perugia was dependent upon neither imperial nor papal support.<sup id="cite_ref-commune_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commune-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1347, at the time of <a href="/wiki/Cola_di_Rienzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cola di Rienzi">Rienzi's</a> unfortunate enterprise in reviving the Roman republic, Perugia sent 10 ambassadors to pay him honour, and when papal legates sought to coerce it by foreign soldiers, or to exact contributions, they met with vigorous resistance, which broke into open warfare with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_V" title="Pope Urban V">Pope Urban V</a> in 1369; in 1370, the noble party reached an agreement signing the treaty of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, and Perugia was forced to accept a papal legate; however. the vicar-general of the Papal States, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_du_Puy" title="Gérard du Puy">Gérard du Puy</a>, Abbot of Marmoutier and nephew of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Gregory IX</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was expelled by a popular uprising in 1375, and his fortification of Porta Sole was razed to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-touring_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touring-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_lordships_of_Perugia">The lordships of Perugia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The lordships of Perugia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg/173px-Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg/259px-Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg/346px-Biordo_Michelotti2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Biordo_Michelotti" title="Biordo Michelotti">Biordo Michelotti</a>, Lord of Perugia from 1393 to 1398</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Biordo_Michelotti_(1393–1398)"><span id="Biordo_Michelotti_.281393.E2.80.931398.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Biordo_Michelotti" title="Biordo Michelotti">Biordo Michelotti</a> (1393–1398)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biordo Michelotti (1393–1398)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 5, 1393, the condottiero (mercenary captain) Biordo Michelotti, a member of the popular faction known as the Raspanti, made his triumphant entry into Perugia, and the general council appointed him as the "knight of the people" of Perugia and the "general captain" of the militias. A special commission of twenty-five citizens was tasked with banishing one hundred and fifty noblemen, while Biordo decided the return of noble individuals who were not considered guilty of sedition. Among the exiled noblemen was Braccio da Montone, one of the most skilled military leaders of the time, who vowed not to seek "any pact or agreement with the Raspanti of Perugia." </p><p>It was precisely against the exiled nobles, especially Braccio da Montone, the soul and leader of the noble movement in exile, that the government of the Raspanti directed its efforts after the turmoil of 1393. Holding virtually all power, Biordo was recognized as the first "lord of Perugia," even though during his short rule (1393–1398), he left intact the priory and all existing communal institutions, focusing solely on extending his dominion beyond Perugia. After the splendid marriage with Giovanna Orsini, Biordo and his bride took residence in the Porta Sole palace, but on March 10, 1398, Biordo fell victim to a conspiracy orchestrated by Francesco Guidalotti, abbot of San Pietro. In their new residence, Michelotti was stabbed by Giovanni and Annibaldo, brothers of the abbot of San Pietro. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg/145px-GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg/218px-GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg/290px-GiovAmbrogiodePredisattribGianGaleazzoVisconti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti" title="Gian Galeazzo Visconti">Gian Galeazzo Visconti</a>, Lord of Perugia from 1400 to 1402</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti_(1400–1402)"><span id="Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti_.281400.E2.80.931402.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti" title="Gian Galeazzo Visconti">Gian Galeazzo Visconti</a> (1400–1402)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1400–1402)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The death of Michelotti removed an important point of reference, and factions threatened the stability within and outside the walls. Meanwhile, the twenty-five worked diligently to find an institution that could protect the city and alleviate a very high debt. The people's demands for independence were no longer as urgent, and in the 15th century, the common belief was that they had to accept a ruler or master capable of providing the minimum requirements for survival. The choice fell on the Duchy of Milan, and on January 21, 1400, Gian Galeazzo Visconti was proclaimed the lord of Perugia by the voluntary submission of the city. In response to the delegation of the ten representatives that Perugia had sent him, he canceled the debt of the Perugians. His lordship was short-lived, and on October 3, 1402, Visconti passed away. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg/160px-Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg/241px-Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg/321px-Braccio_da_Montone-Palazzo_dei_Priori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Braccio_da_Montone" title="Braccio da Montone">Braccio da Montone</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Braccio_da_Montone_(1416–1424)"><span id="Braccio_da_Montone_.281416.E2.80.931424.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Braccio_da_Montone" title="Braccio da Montone">Braccio da Montone</a> (1416–1424)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Braccio da Montone (1416–1424)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1408, Ladislao D'Angiò Durazzo, the King of Naples, successfully captured Perugia and intended to have it administered by <a href="/wiki/Braccio_da_Montone" title="Braccio da Montone">Braccio Fortebracci</a>. However, Braccio vehemently opposed this idea and declined the offer. Nonetheless, in 1411, Perugia surrendered to the King of Naples, opting to be ruled by a foreigner rather than a nobleman. Braccio viewed this as a profound betrayal by his fellow citizens and fled. In November 1410, Braccio besieged Perugia but failed to capture it due to the city's resistance. He defeated pursuing troops and terrorized surrounding towns. In April 1416, he returned with a large army and attacked Perugia. After a victory in July, Perugia surrendered, marking the end of the Raspanti government. Braccio ruled moderately. In 1417, he entered Rome and proclaimed himself Defender of the City, later returning to Umbria. After conflicts and military successes, he was appointed Vicar by the Pope. Upon returning to Perugia, he undertook public works. He left for Bologna, returned, and went to Calabria. When denied entry to L'Aquila, he laid siege but faced opposition from the Pope and Queen. A league attacked him near Pescara in 1424, leading to his death. His son later buried him in Perugia with honors. During the rule of Braccio Fortebracci da Montone, significant public works were undertaken, such as Braccio's residence in the square, of which only the loggias remain, or the "Sopramuro," to which Braccio had another series of supporting structures built: the "briglie di Braccio." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Renaissance">The Renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braccio_Baglioni,_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braccio_Baglioni%2C_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg/202px-Braccio_Baglioni%2C_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braccio_Baglioni%2C_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg/303px-Braccio_Baglioni%2C_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braccio_Baglioni%2C_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg/403px-Braccio_Baglioni%2C_Gonfalone_di_Benedetto_Bonfigli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>Braccio Baglioni, Lord of Perugia from 1438 to 1479.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baglioni_family_(1438–1540)"><span id="Baglioni_family_.281438.E2.80.931540.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Baglioni_family" title="Baglioni family">Baglioni family</a> (1438–1540)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Baglioni family (1438–1540)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg/220px-Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg/330px-Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg/440px-Perugia-Towers_Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Perugia in 1454</figcaption></figure><p> During the period 1438–1479, the Baglioni family held a covert lordship over Perugia, which was not characterized by complete control of civic powers. Braccio I Baglioni, leveraging his position as captain of the militias of the Holy See and being the nephew of Braccio da Montone, the previous Lord of the City, exerted an influence over Perugia that quickly established its supremacy. During those years, the Umbrian center experienced a period of flourishing growth as the Baglioni implemented a policy of expansion and beautification of the city, including the construction of new roads and palaces.</p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg/165px-Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg/248px-Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg/330px-Pietro_Perugino_cat52a-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a>, <i>self-portrait</i></figcaption></figure><p>Between 1429 and 1433, the Palazzo dei Priori was expanded, new churches and private chapels were built, and the patronage of the Baglioni attracted artists such as Piero della Francesca, Pinturicchio, and Raphael, making Perugia an important artistic center. During this time, Perugia became a significant hub of the Umbrian Renaissance, marked by the production of the eight panels depicting the life of Saint Bernardino, a collaborative effort involving Pinturicchio, Piermatteo d'Amelia, and the young Perugino, among others, commonly referred to as the "1473 workshop." The Perugino Pietro Vannucci created numerous works in the city, including a cycle of frescoes in the Hall of Audiences of the Collegio del Cambio. </p><p>Additionally, the Baglioni family commissioned the construction of an imposing aristocratic palace as their private residence, of which only the part incorporated into the Rocca Paolina remains today. The palace was decorated by Domenico Veneziano with a painting cycle depicting noble Perugian families and great military leaders of the past. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg/220px-Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg/330px-Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg/440px-Giuseppe-rossi_rocca-paolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rocca_Paolina" title="Rocca Paolina">Rocca Paolina</a>, view of the fortress in a 19th century painting</figcaption></figure> <p>Following mutual atrocities of the Oddi and the Baglioni families, power was at last concentrated in the Baglioni, who though they had no legal position, defied all other authority, though their bloody internal squabbles culminated in a massacre, 14 July 1500.<sup id="cite_ref-touring_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touring-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gian_Paolo_Baglioni" title="Gian Paolo Baglioni">Gian Paolo Baglioni</a> was lured to Rome in 1520 and beheaded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a>; and in 1540, Rodolfo, who had slain a papal legate, was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Farnese" title="Pier Luigi Farnese">Pier Luigi Farnese</a>, and the city, captured and plundered by his soldiery, was deprived of its privileges. A citadel known as the <a href="/wiki/Rocca_Paolina" title="Rocca Paolina">Rocca Paolina</a>, after the name of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a>, was built, to designs of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</a> "<i>ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocca_Paolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rocca_Paolina.jpg/170px-Rocca_Paolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rocca_Paolina.jpg/255px-Rocca_Paolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rocca_Paolina.jpg/340px-Rocca_Paolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="993" /></a><figcaption>In the <a href="/wiki/Rocca_Paolina" title="Rocca Paolina">Rocca Paolina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1797, the city was conquered by French troops. On 4 February 1798, the <i>Tiberina Republic</i> was formed, with Perugia as capital, and the French <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">tricolour</a> as flag. In 1799, the Tiberina Republic merged to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(18th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (18th century)">Roman Republic</a>. </p><p>In 1832, 1838, and 1854, Perugia was hit by earthquakes. Following the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman republic of 1848–49</a>, when the Rocca was in part demolished,<sup id="cite_ref-touring_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touring-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was seized in May 1849 by the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrians</a>. In June 1859, the inhabitants rebelled against the temporal authority of the pope and established a provisional government, but <a href="/wiki/1859_Perugia_uprising" title="1859 Perugia uprising">the insurrection</a> was quashed bloodily by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pius IX's</a> troops.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1860, the city was united finally, along with the rest of Umbria, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the city suffered only some damage and was liberated by the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">British 8th army</a> on 20 June 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perugia has become famous for <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>, mostly because of a single firm, <a href="/wiki/Perugina" title="Perugina">Perugina</a>, whose <i>Baci</i> ("kisses" in English) are widely exported.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perugian chocolate is popular in Italy. The company's plant located in San Sisto (Perugia) is the largest of Nestlé's nine sites in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Nestlé USA official website,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> today Baci is the most famous chocolate brand in Italy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city hosts a chocolate festival every October.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria. Cities' distances from Perugia: Assisi 19 km (12 mi), Siena 102 km (63 mi), Florence 145 km (90 mi), Rome 164 km (102 mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though Perugia is located in the central part of Italy, the city experiences a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Cfa</i>) similar to much of Northern Italy due to its inland location and the diverse, hilly topography of Umbria. Typically, summers are warm to hot and humid, while winters are cold with occasional snowfall. The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, with adequate rainfall year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Perugia (1971–2000, extremes 1967–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(115.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.6<br />(115.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.8<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.0<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.8<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.0<br />(1.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0<br />(2.13) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0<br />(2.83) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.6<br />(2.98) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.9<br />(2.75) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(1.47) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.6<br />(3.45) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7<br />(3.37) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.7<br />(3.73) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">804.5<br />(31.67) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">85.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Servizio Meteorologico (humidity 1968–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-SM_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SM-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMsun_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMsun-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria%2C_2023.jpg/286px-Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="286" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria%2C_2023.jpg/429px-Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria%2C_2023.jpg/572px-Perugia_vista_dal_museo_archeologico_nazionale_dell%27Umbria%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Perugia seen from the national archaeological museum of Umbria</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,515</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,507</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,718</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,822</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">66,277</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,404</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,352</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,407</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">95,310</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">112,511</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">129,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">142,348</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">144,732</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">149,125</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">162,449</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">162,362</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 2007, there were 163,287 people residing in Perugia, located in the province of Perugia, <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>, of whom 47.7% were male and 52.3% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 16.41 percent of the population compared to pensioners who number 21.51 percent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 percent (minors) and 19.94 percent (pensioners). The average age of Perugia residents is 44 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Perugia grew by 7.86 percent, while <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> as a whole grew by 3.85 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 90.84% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a>. The largest immigrant group came from other <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries (particularly from <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>): 3.93%, the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>: 2.01%, and <a href="/wiki/North_African" class="mw-redirect" title="North African">North African</a>: 1.3%. The majority of inhabitants are <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perugia today hosts two main universities, the ancient <a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Università degli Studi</a> (University of Perugia) and the <a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">Foreigners University</a> (<i>Università per Stranieri</i>). <i>Stranieri</i> serves as an Italian language and culture school for students from all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other educational institutions are the Perugia Fine Arts Academy "Pietro Vannucci" (founded in 1573), the Perugia Music Conservatory for the study of classical music, and the RAI Public Broadcasting School of Radio-Television Journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also host to the Umbra Institute, an accredited university program for American students studying abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Università dei Sapori</i> (University of Tastes), a National centre for Vocational Education and Training in Food, is located in the city as well.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frazioni">Frazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Frazioni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>comune</i> includes the <i><a href="/wiki/Frazioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Frazioni">frazioni</a></i> of Bagnaia, Bosco, Capanne, Casa del Diavolo, Castel del Piano, Cenerente, Civitella Benazzone, <a href="/wiki/Civitella_d%27Arna" title="Civitella d'Arna">Civitella d'Arna</a>, Collestrada, Colle Umberto I, Cordigliano, Colombella, Farneto, Ferro di Cavallo, <a href="/wiki/Fontignano" title="Fontignano">Fontignano</a>, Fratticiola Selvatica, La Bruna, La Cinella, Lacugnano, Lidarno, Madonna Alta, Migiana di Monte Tezio, Monte Bagnolo, Monte Corneo, Montelaguardia, Monte Petriolo, Mugnano, Olmo, Parlesca, Pianello, Piccione, Pila, Pilonico Materno, Piscille, Ponte della Pietra, Poggio delle Corti, Ponte Felcino, Ponte Pattoli, Ponte Rio, <a href="/wiki/Ponte_San_Giovanni" title="Ponte San Giovanni">Ponte San Giovanni</a>, Ponte Valleceppi, Prepo, Pretola, Ramazzano-Le Pulci, Rancolfo, Ripa, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Sant'Egidio, Sant'Enea, San Fortunato della Collina, San Giovanni del Pantano, Sant'Andrea d'Agliano, Santa Lucia, San Marco, Santa Maria Rossa, San Martino dei Colli, San Martino in Campo, San Martino in Colle, San Sisto, Solfagnano, Villa Pitignano. Other localities are Boneggio, Canneto, Colle della Trinità, Monte Pulito, Montevile, Pieve di Campo, Montemalbe and Monte Morcino. </p><p>Collestrada, in the territory of the suburb of Ponte San Giovanni, saw a battle between the inhabitants of Perugia and <a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a> in 1202. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Perugia_Cathedral" title="Perugia Cathedral">Cathedral of S. Lorenzo</a></i></li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vetrata_San_Domenico,_Perugia,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vetrata_San_Domenico%2C_Perugia%2C_2023.jpg/220px-Vetrata_San_Domenico%2C_Perugia%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vetrata_San_Domenico%2C_Perugia%2C_2023.jpg/330px-Vetrata_San_Domenico%2C_Perugia%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vetrata_San_Domenico%2C_Perugia%2C_2023.jpg/440px-Vetrata_San_Domenico%2C_Perugia%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3384" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>The stained glass window of the Basilica of San Domenico (1411) in Perugia is 23 meters in height and 8 meters in width, making it one of the largest in the world.</figcaption></figure><i><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro,_Perugia" title="San Pietro, Perugia">San Pietro</a></i>: late 16th-century church and abbey.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Perugia" title="San Domenico, Perugia">San Domenico</a></i>: Basilica church of the Dominican order, building began in 1394 and finished in 1458. Before 1234, this site housed markets and a horse fair. The exterior design attributed to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano" title="Giovanni Pisano">Giovanni Pisano</a>, while its interior redecorated in Baroque fashion by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a>. The massive belfry was partially cut around the mid-16th century. The interior hosts the splendid tomb of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XI" title="Pope Benedict XI">Pope Benedict XI</a> and a wooden choir from the Renaissance period. The stained glass window of the Basilica of San Domenico is one of the biggest in the world.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sant%27Angelo,_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Sant'Angelo, Perugia">Sant'Angelo</a></i>, also called <i>San Michele Arcangelo</i>: small paleo-Christian church from the 5th–6th centuries. Sixteen antique columns frame circular layout recalling the Roman church of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_Rotondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Stefano Rotondo">Santo Stefano Rotondo</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sant%27Antonio_Abate_di_Perugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sant'Antonio Abate di Perugia (page does not exist)">Sant'Antonio Abate</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Bernardino,_Perugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Bernardino, Perugia (page does not exist)">San Bernardino</a></i>: church with façade by <a href="/wiki/Agostino_di_Duccio" title="Agostino di Duccio">Agostino di Duccio</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sant%27Ercolano,_Perugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sant'Ercolano, Perugia (page does not exist)">San Ercolano</a></i>: 14th-century church that resembles a polygonal tower. This church once had two floors. Its upper floor was demolished when the Rocca Paolina was built. Baroque interior decorations commissioned from 1607. The main altar has a sarcophagus found in 1609.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Giuliana,_Perugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Giuliana, Perugia (page does not exist)">Santa Giuliana</a></i>: church and monastery founded by heir of a female monastery in 1253. In its later years, the church gained a reputation for dissoluteness. Later, the Napoleonic forces turned the church into a granary. Now, the church is a military hospital. The church, with a single nave, bears only traces of 13th century frescoes, which probably used to cover all of the walls. The cloister is a noteworthy example of mid-14th-century Cistercian architecture from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Gattaponi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matteo Gattaponi (page does not exist)">Matteo Gattaponi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Gattaponi" class="extiw" title="it:Matteo Gattaponi">it</a>]</span>. The upper part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a></i> is from the 13th century.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Bevignate" title="San Bevignate">San Bevignate</a></i>: church of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Templar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_of_San_Prospero_(Perugia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiesa of San Prospero (Perugia)">Chiesa of San Prospero</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Compagnia_della_morte" title="Church of the Compagnia della morte">Church of the Compagnia della Morte</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of S. Lorenzo"><img alt="Cathedral of S. Lorenzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg/160px-Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg/240px-Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg/320px-Perugia_-_Cattedrale_di_San_Lorenzo.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3910" data-file-height="2607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Perugia_Cathedral" title="Perugia Cathedral">Cathedral of S. Lorenzo</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francesco_al_Prato,_Perugia_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deconsecrated church of San Francesco al Prato"><img alt="Deconsecrated church of San Francesco al Prato" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/San_Francesco_al_Prato%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg/160px-San_Francesco_al_Prato%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/San_Francesco_al_Prato%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg/240px-San_Francesco_al_Prato%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/San_Francesco_al_Prato%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg/320px-San_Francesco_al_Prato%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="949" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deconsecrated church of San Francesco al Prato</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri,_Perugia_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque church of San Filippo Neri"><img alt="Baroque church of San Filippo Neri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri%2C_Perugia_2022.jpg/120px-Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri%2C_Perugia_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri%2C_Perugia_2022.jpg/180px-Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri%2C_Perugia_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri%2C_Perugia_2022.jpg/240px-Chiesa_di_San_Filippo_Neri%2C_Perugia_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baroque church of San Filippo Neri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Presbytery overview of the church of Gesu, Perugia"><img alt="Presbytery overview of the church of Gesu, Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg/160px-Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg/240px-Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg/320px-Panoramica_presbitero_chiesa_del_ges%C3%B9_perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Presbytery overview of the church of Gesu, Perugia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Giuliana,_Perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cistercian monastery of Santa Giuliana"><img alt="Cistercian monastery of Santa Giuliana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santa_Giuliana%2C_Perugia.jpg/160px-Santa_Giuliana%2C_Perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santa_Giuliana%2C_Perugia.jpg/240px-Santa_Giuliana%2C_Perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santa_Giuliana%2C_Perugia.jpg/320px-Santa_Giuliana%2C_Perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cistercian monastery of Santa Giuliana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia,_sant%27angelo,_esterno_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Michele Arcangelo, Perugia"><img alt="San Michele Arcangelo, Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Perugia%2C_sant%27angelo%2C_esterno_03.jpg/160px-Perugia%2C_sant%27angelo%2C_esterno_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Perugia%2C_sant%27angelo%2C_esterno_03.jpg/240px-Perugia%2C_sant%27angelo%2C_esterno_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Perugia%2C_sant%27angelo%2C_esterno_03.jpg/320px-Perugia%2C_sant%27angelo%2C_esterno_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Michele_Arcangelo,_Perugia" title="San Michele Arcangelo, Perugia">San Michele Arcangelo, Perugia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_San_Domenico_(Perugia).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica San Domenico"><img alt="Basilica San Domenico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg/160px-Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg/240px-Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg/320px-Basilica_di_San_Domenico_%28Perugia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Basilica San Domenico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sant'Ercolano"><img alt="Sant'Ercolano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/106px-IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/160px-IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg/213px-IMG_1021_-_Perugia_-_Sant%27Ercolano_-_7_agosto_2006_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sant'Ercolano</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="San Bevignate"><img alt="San Bevignate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG/160px-Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG/240px-Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG/320px-Chiesa_di_San_Bevignate_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Bevignate" title="San Bevignate">San Bevignate</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secular_buildings">Secular buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Secular buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Priori" title="Palazzo dei Priori">Palazzo dei Priori</a> (Town Hall, encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Collegio_del_Cambio" title="Collegio del Cambio">Collegio del Cambio</a>, Collegio della Mercanzia, and Galleria Nazionale), one of Italy's greatest buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Collegio del Cambio has frescoes by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a>, while the Collegio della Mercanzia has a fine later 14th century wooden interior. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_dell%27Umbria" title="Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria">Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria</a>, the National Gallery of Umbrian art in Middle Ages and Renaissance (it includes works by Duccio, <a href="/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beato_Angelico" class="mw-redirect" title="Beato Angelico">Beato Angelico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perugino" class="mw-redirect" title="Perugino">Perugino</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fontana_Maggiore" title="Fontana Maggiore">Fontana Maggiore</a></i>, a medieval fountain designed by Fra Bevignate and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Pisano" title="Nicola Pisano">Nicola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano" title="Giovanni Pisano">Giovanni Pisano</a>.</li> <li>Chapel of <i>San Severo</i>, which retains a fresco painted by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a><sup id="cite_ref-severo_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-severo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Perugino" class="mw-redirect" title="Perugino">Perugino</a>.</li> <li>the <i>Rocca Paolina</i>, a Renaissance fortress (1540–1543) of which only a bastion today is remaining. The original design was by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bastiano_da_Sangallo" title="Bastiano da Sangallo">Aristotile da Sangallo</a>, and included the <i>Porta Marzia</i> (3rd century BC), the tower of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentile_Baglioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentile Baglioni (page does not exist)">Gentile Baglioni</a>'s house and a medieval cellar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Perugia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia</a>, the university's <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Donini" title="Palazzo Donini">Palazzo Donini</a>, the centre of the Regional Council of Region of Umbria.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palazzo dei Priori: the centre of communal government"><img alt="Palazzo dei Priori: the centre of communal government" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg/160px-Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg/240px-Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg/320px-Perugia_-_palazzo_priori_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5192" data-file-height="3455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Priori" title="Palazzo dei Priori">Palazzo dei Priori</a>: the centre of communal government</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana_Maggiore,_Perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fontana Maggiore"><img alt="Fontana Maggiore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fontana_Maggiore%2C_Perugia.jpg/160px-Fontana_Maggiore%2C_Perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fontana_Maggiore%2C_Perugia.jpg/240px-Fontana_Maggiore%2C_Perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fontana_Maggiore%2C_Perugia.jpg/320px-Fontana_Maggiore%2C_Perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fontana_Maggiore" title="Fontana Maggiore">Fontana Maggiore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia"><img alt="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg/160px-Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg/240px-Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg/320px-Orto_botanico_della_basilica_di_san_pietro_perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Perugia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chapel of San Severo"><img alt="Chapel of San Severo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg/145px-Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg/217px-Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg/290px-Perugia_-Gli_affreschi_di_Raffaello_nella_cappella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3816" data-file-height="4216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chapel of <i>San Severo</i></div> </li> </ul><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_degli_Sciri,_Perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Torre_degli_Sciri%2C_Perugia.jpg/220px-Torre_degli_Sciri%2C_Perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Torre_degli_Sciri%2C_Perugia.jpg/330px-Torre_degli_Sciri%2C_Perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Torre_degli_Sciri%2C_Perugia.jpg/440px-Torre_degli_Sciri%2C_Perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4344" data-file-height="5792" /></a><figcaption>Torre degli Sciri</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_(Perugia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_%28Perugia%29.jpg/220px-Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_%28Perugia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_%28Perugia%29.jpg/330px-Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_%28Perugia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_%28Perugia%29.jpg/440px-Torre_del_Cassero_o_Porta_Sant%27Angelo_%28Perugia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>Torre del Cassero di Porta Sant'Angelo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_towers">Medieval towers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Medieval towers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torre_degli_Sciri" title="Torre degli Sciri">Sciri's tower</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (XIII century), the most well-known among the remaining towers in Perugia. It takes its name from the Sciri family and is the only control tower on the noble blocks that still stands. Standing at 42 meters tall and featuring a square shape, it has recently undergone a renovation that has restored its ancient hues, including the distinctive color of the building stone. In 1680, the tower was incorporated into the Convent of the Franciscan Tertiaries of Sister Lucia.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torre_del_Cassero_di_Porta_Sant%27Angelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torre del Cassero di Porta Sant'Angelo (page does not exist)">Torre del Cassero di Porta Sant'Angelo</a> (XIV century), is the most imposing among the medieval city gates of Perugia, and it's the only one with a defensive-military structure. Like the town itself, the gate derives its name from the ancient early Christian church dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquities">Antiquities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Antiquities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Hypogeum_of_the_Volumnus_family" title="Hypogeum of the Volumnus family">Hypogeum of the Volumnus family</a> (<i>Ipogeo dei Volumni</i>), an Etruscan chamber tomb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_Well" title="Etruscan Well">Etruscan Well</a> (<i>Pozzo Etrusco</i>).</li> <li>National Museum of Umbrian Archaeology, where one of the longest inscription in <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan</a> is conserved, the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Cippus_perusinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cippus perusinus">Cippus perusinus</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_Arch" title="Etruscan Arch">Etruscan Arch</a> (also known as <i>Porta Augusta</i>), an Etruscan gate with Roman elements.<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"></ul> </li><li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ipoego_dei_volumni,_ingresso_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ipogeo dei Volumni"><img alt="Ipogeo dei Volumni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ipoego_dei_volumni%2C_ingresso_01.jpg/160px-Ipoego_dei_volumni%2C_ingresso_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ipoego_dei_volumni%2C_ingresso_01.jpg/240px-Ipoego_dei_volumni%2C_ingresso_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ipoego_dei_volumni%2C_ingresso_01.jpg/320px-Ipoego_dei_volumni%2C_ingresso_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ipogeo_dei_Volumni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipogeo dei Volumni">Ipogeo dei Volumni</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan Arch"><img alt="Etruscan Arch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg/160px-ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg/240px-ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg/320px-ArcoEtrusco2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_Arch" title="Etruscan Arch">Etruscan Arch</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan Well"><img alt="Etruscan Well" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg/160px-Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg/240px-Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg/320px-Pozzo_etrusco-_passerella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_Well" title="Etruscan Well">Etruscan Well</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MAN.Umbria_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Museum of Umbrian Archaeology"><img alt="National Museum of Umbrian Archaeology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MAN.Umbria_20.jpg/160px-MAN.Umbria_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MAN.Umbria_20.jpg/240px-MAN.Umbria_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MAN.Umbria_20.jpg/320px-MAN.Umbria_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">National Museum of Umbrian Archaeology</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_architecture">Modern architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Modern architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Centro_Direzionale_di_Fontivegge" title="Centro Direzionale di Fontivegge">Centro Direzionale</a></i> (1982–1986), an administration civic center owned by the Umbria Region. The building was designed by the Pritzker Architecture prizewinner <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Rossi" title="Aldo Rossi">Aldo Rossi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_del_cambio,_Perugia_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Collegio_del_cambio%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg/220px-Collegio_del_cambio%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Collegio_del_cambio%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg/330px-Collegio_del_cambio%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Collegio_del_cambio%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg/440px-Collegio_del_cambio%2C_Perugia_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Collegio_del_Cambio" title="Collegio del Cambio">Collegio del Cambio</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perugia has had a rich tradition of art and artists. The <a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance">Early Renaissance</a> painter Pietro Perugino created some of his masterpieces in the Perugia area. The High Renaissance master <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> was also active in Perugia and painted his famous <a href="/wiki/Oddi_Altar_(Raphael)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oddi Altar (Raphael)">Oddi Altar</a> there in 1502–04. </p><p>Today, the <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_dell%27Umbria" title="Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria">Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria</a> in Perugia houses a number of masterpieces, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_with_Child_and_six_Angels_(Duccio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna with Child and six Angels (Duccio)">Madonna with Child and six Angels</a></i>, which represents the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Marian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Marian art">Marian art</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duccio" title="Duccio">Duccio</a>. And the private <a href="/wiki/Art_collection_of_Fondazione_Cassa_di_Risparmio_di_Perugia" title="Art collection of Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia">Art collection of Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia</a> has two separate locations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Collegio_del_Cambio" title="Collegio del Cambio">Collegio del Cambio</a> is an extremely well preserved representation of a Renaissance building and houses a magnificent Pietro Perugino fresco.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly re-opened Academy of Fine Arts has a small but impressive plaster casts gallery and Perugian paintings and drawings from the 16th century on.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Umbria_Jazz_Festival" title="Umbria Jazz Festival">Umbria Jazz Festival</a> is one of the most important venues for Jazz in Europe and has been held annually since 1973, usually in July.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sagra Musicale Umbra<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a classical and chamber music festival.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Journalism_Festival" title="International Journalism Festival">International Journalism Festival</a> (<i>Festival del Giornalismo</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurochocolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurochocolate">Eurochocolate</a>, chocolate festival and fair usually held in October each year. <i>From 2021, the festival is held in Umbriafiere in the city of <a href="/wiki/Bastia_Umbra" title="Bastia Umbra">Bastia Umbra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Fest_Perugia" title="Music Fest Perugia">Music Fest Perugia</a>, music festival for young talented musicians, usually in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:87%"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg/165px-A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg/248px-A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg/330px-A_street_jazz_band_in_Perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br />  Umbria Jazz Festival 2008 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_Pavone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Teatro_Pavone.jpg/189px-Teatro_Pavone.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Teatro_Pavone.jpg/284px-Teatro_Pavone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Teatro_Pavone.jpg/378px-Teatro_Pavone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span><br />  International Journalism Festival 2009 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurochocolate_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eurochocolate_2008.jpg/188px-Eurochocolate_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eurochocolate_2008.jpg/282px-Eurochocolate_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eurochocolate_2008.jpg/376px-Eurochocolate_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><br />    Eurochocolate 2008 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> (206–253), Roman emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_the_Bookseller" title="Aaron the Bookseller">Aaron the Bookseller</a>, dealer in Hebrew and other ancient manuscripts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Ascani" title="Francesco Ascani">Francesco Ascani</a> (born 1952), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolo_da_Sassoferrato" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolo da Sassoferrato">Bartolo da Sassoferrato</a> (1314–1357), medieval jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldo_degli_Ubaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldo degli Ubaldi">Baldo degli Ubaldi</a> (1327–1400), medieval jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biordo_Michelotti" title="Biordo Michelotti">Biordo Michelotti</a> (1352–1398), condottiero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braccio_da_Montone" title="Braccio da Montone">Braccio da Montone</a> (1368–1424), condottiero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_da_Perugia" title="Matteo da Perugia">Matteo da Perugia</a> (fl. 1390–1416), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinino" title="Niccolò Piccinino">Niccolò Piccinino</a> (1386–1444), condottiero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_di_Duccio" title="Agostino di Duccio">Agostino di Duccio</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1418</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1481</span>), sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugino" class="mw-redirect" title="Perugino">Perugino</a> (1450–1523), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a> (1454–1513), painter</li> <li>Giulio III (1487–1555), pope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Alessi" title="Galeazzo Alessi">Galeazzo Alessi</a> (1512–1572), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Danti" title="Vincenzo Danti">Vincenzo Danti</a> (1530–1576), sculptor and civil engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Danti" title="Ignazio Danti">Ignazio Danti</a> (1536–1586), mathematician, cosmographer, and bishop</li> <li>Giovanni Andrea Angelini Bontempi (1624–1705), composer</li> <li>Baldassarre Orsini (1732–1820), architect, academic, and art historian</li> <li>Annibale Mariotti (1738–1801), physician and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Morlacchi" title="Francesco Morlacchi">Francesco Morlacchi</a> (1784–1841), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Prosperi" title="Gertrude Prosperi">Gertrude Prosperi</a> (1799-1847), Roman Catholic professed religious</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assunta_Pieralli" title="Assunta Pieralli">Assunta Pieralli</a> (1807–1865), poet and teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Spagnoli" title="Luisa Spagnoli">Luisa Spagnoli</a> (1877–1935), entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Prezzolini" title="Giuseppe Prezzolini">Giuseppe Prezzolini</a> (1882–1982), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Dottori" title="Gerardo Dottori">Gerardo Dottori</a> (1884–1977), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Santini" title="Gabriele Santini">Gabriele Santini</a> (1886–1964), orchestral conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Capitini" title="Aldo Capitini">Aldo Capitini</a> (1899–1968), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Penna" title="Sandro Penna">Sandro Penna</a> (1906–1977), poet</li> <li>Walter Binni (1913–1997), literary critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkiria_Terradura" title="Walkiria Terradura">Walkiria Terradura</a> (1924-2023), Partisan</li> <li>Antonietta Stella (1929–2022), soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mirabassi" title="Giovanni Mirabassi">Giovanni Mirabassi</a> (born 1970), jazz musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Taccucci" title="Marco Taccucci">Marco Taccucci</a> (born 1977), footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg/200px-Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg/300px-Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg/400px-Stadio_renato_curi_Perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AC_Perugia_Calcio" title="AC Perugia Calcio">AC Perugia Calcio</a> play at the 28,000-seater <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Renato_Curi" title="Stadio Renato Curi">Stadio Renato Curi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/AC_Perugia_Calcio" title="AC Perugia Calcio">AC Perugia Calcio</a> is the main football club in the city, playing in Italy's second-highest division <a href="/wiki/Serie_B" title="Serie B">Serie B</a>. The club plays at the 28,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Renato_Curi" title="Stadio Renato Curi">Stadio Renato Curi</a>, named after a former player who died during a match. From 1983 to 2001, the stadium held four matches for the <a href="/wiki/Italy_national_football_team" title="Italy national football team">Italy national football team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perugia has two <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a> teams: L.R.N. Perugia and Gryphus. The team of LRN Perugia is currently in SERIE B (second-highest division) and the Gryphus team is in the SERIE C (the third highest) division. The L.R.N Perugia has also a women's water polo team which is also playing in the division of SERIE B. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sir_Safety_Umbria_Volley" title="Sir Safety Umbria Volley">Sir Safety Umbria Volley</a>, in English Sir Sicoma Colussi Perugia, is an Italian <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> club, playing at the top level of the Italian Volleyball League. They won their first Italian championship in 2018. Notable players include <a href="/wiki/Luciano_de_Cecco" class="mw-redirect" title="Luciano de Cecco">Luciano de Cecco</a> of Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Atanasijevi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Atanasijević">Aleksandar Atanasijević</a> of Serbia, and <a href="/wiki/Wilfredo_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilfredo Leon">Wilfredo Leon</a> of Poland. </p><p>The martial arts in Perugia have been present since the sixties with Chinese techniques, followed by judo. Later there were karate contact (later called kickboxing), karate, taijiquan, jūjutsu, kendo, aikido, taekwondo and, in recent years, krav maga has also arrived. </p><p>In 2014 Jessica Scricciolo, under the Ju-Jitsu Sports Group Perugia, won the title of World Champion in the Fighting System speciality, 55 kg. In March 2015 at the World Championship of Greece (J.J.I.F.) Andrea Calzon' (Ju-Jitsu Sports Group Perugia) won the gold medal in the Ne-Waza (U21.56 kg) and a bronze medal in the Fighting System. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimetro_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Minimetro_03.jpg/220px-Minimetro_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Minimetro_03.jpg/330px-Minimetro_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Minimetro_03.jpg/440px-Minimetro_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Minimetr%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimetrò">Minimetrò</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An electric tramway operated in Perugia from 1901 until 1940. It was decommissioned in favour of buses, and since 1943 trolley buses – the latter were in service until 1975. </p><p>Two elevators were established since 1971: </p> <ul><li>Mercato Coperto (Parking) – Terrazza Mercato Coperto</li> <li>Galleria Kennedy – Mercato Coperto (Pincetto)</li></ul> <p>This was followed by public escalators: </p> <ul><li>Rocca Paolina: Piazza Partigiani – Piazza Italia (1983)</li> <li>Cupa-Pellini: Piazzale della Cupa – Via dei Priori (1989)</li> <li>Piazzale Europa – Piazzale Bellucci (1993)</li> <li>Piazzale Bellucci – Corso Cavour (1993)</li> <li>Minimetrò: Pincetto – Piazza Matteotti (2008)</li></ul> <p>Since 1971 Perugia has taken several measures against car traffic, when the first traffic restriction zone was implemented. These zones were expanded over time and at certain hours of the day driving is forbidden in the city centre. Large parking lots are provided in the lower town, from where the city can be reached via public transport. </p><p>Since 2008, an <a href="/wiki/Automated_people_mover" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated people mover">automated people mover</a> called <a href="/wiki/Minimetr%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimetrò">Minimetrò</a> has also been in operation. It has seven stations, with one terminal at a large parking lot, and the other in the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione-perugia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stazione-perugia.jpg/220px-Stazione-perugia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stazione-perugia.jpg/330px-Stazione-perugia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stazione-perugia.jpg/440px-Stazione-perugia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption>The main <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> station of Perugia: <a href="/wiki/Perugia_railway_station" title="Perugia railway station">Perugia Fontivegge</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Perugia_railway_station" title="Perugia railway station">Perugia railway station</a>, also known as Perugia Fontivegge, was opened in 1866. It forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Foligno%E2%80%93Terontola_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Foligno–Terontola railway">Foligno–Terontola railway</a>, which also links <a href="/wiki/Firenze_Santa_Maria_Novella_railway_station" title="Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station">Florence</a> with <a href="/wiki/Roma_Termini_railway_station" title="Roma Termini railway station">Rome</a>. The station is situated at Piazza <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Veneto" title="Vittorio Veneto">Vittorio Veneto</a>, in the heavily populated district of Fontivegge, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the city centre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Perugia_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi_%E2%80%93_Umbria_International_Airport" title="Perugia San Francesco d'Assisi – Umbria International Airport">Perugia San Francesco d'Assisi – Umbria International Airport</a> is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) outside the city. </p><p>From the bus station there has been a daily connection of <a href="/wiki/ITA_Airways" title="ITA Airways">ITA Airways</a> from 1 December 2022, by bus, to and from <a href="/wiki/Rome_Fiumicino_Airport" title="Rome Fiumicino Airport">Rome Fiumicino Airport</a>, allowing a connection with the airline's hub. <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <p>Perugia is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia, since 1962</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a>, U.S.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, U.S.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a>, Germany</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-082d0cb22b2c83561ff484b2b4853a24921d8bbd-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-082d0cb22b2c83561ff484b2b4853a24921d8bbd-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>Italian National Institute of Statistics</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tuttitalia.it/umbria/provincia-di-perugia/72-comuni/popolazione/">https://www.tuttitalia.it/umbria/provincia-di-perugia/72-comuni/popolazione/</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuttitalia.it%2Fumbria%2Fprovincia-di-perugia%2F72-comuni%2Fpopolazione%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530193055/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Perugia">"Perugia"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182135/https://www.lexico.com/definition/perugia">"Perugia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Perugia">the original</a> on 2020-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perugia&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FPerugia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/perugia">"Perugia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Perugia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fperugia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Perugia">"Perugia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Perugia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FPerugia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <i>Perugia</i>, Raffaele Rossi, Pietro Scarpellini, 1993 (Vol. 1, pg. 337, 344)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"...it appears most probable that he did not enter Perugino's studio till the end of 1499, as during the four or five years before that Perugino was mostly absent from his native city. The so-called Sketch Book of Raphael in the academy of Venice contains studies apparently from the cartoons of some of Perugino's Sistine frescoes, possibly done as practice in drawing." (Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition).<br /> See also "Perugia". <i>The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia</i>, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press., 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The precise role of Raphael in Perugino's works, executed during his apprenticeship, is disputed by scholars. The independent works depicted in Perugia are: the <i>Ansidei Madonna </i>(taken by the French under the terms of the Treaty of Tolentino in 1798), the Deposition by Raphael (<i>Pala Baglioni</i>, this masterpiece was expropriated by Scipione Borghese in 1608, cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1330380,00.html">'The Guardian<i>, October 19, 2004</i></a><i>), the Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints, by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> (formerly located in the convent of St Anthony of Padua cf.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arthistory.about.com/od/special_exhibitions/l/bl_raphael_colonna_rev.htm">The Colonna Altarpiece review at Art History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219111241/http://arthistory.about.com/od/special_exhibitions/l/bl_raphael_colonna_rev.htm">Archived</a> 2007-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), the </i>Connestabile Madonna<i> (this picture left Perugia in 1871, when Count Connestabile sold it to the emperor of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> for £13,200, cf. </i>Encyclopædia Britannica<i>), the Oddi altar by Raphael (requisitioned by the French in 1798)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-severo-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-severo_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-severo_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"...some studies for the figure of St. John the Martyr which Raphael used in 1505 in his great fresco in the Church of San Severo at Perugia." (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Notebooks_of_Leonardo_Da_Vinci/X" class="extiw" title="s:The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci/X">The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (X)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/outreach/perugia/perugia.html">"COMP Italy Internship Programme | About Perugia"</a>. <i>www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk&rft.atitle=COMP+Italy+Internship+Programme+%7C+About+Perugia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comp.hkbu.edu.hk%2Foutreach%2Fperugia%2Fperugia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perugia (2007). In <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved May 21, 2007, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9059376">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"How much of his glory is due to his kinsman, Fabius Pictor, the first historian of Rome, or to the family legends, which found in Etruria the most fitting scene for the exploits of the <a href="/wiki/Fabius" title="Fabius">great Fabian house</a>, we cannot tell" (Walter W. How and Henry Devenish Leigh, <i>A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar</i> London: Longmans, Green 1898:112).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy ix.37.12).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy ix.30.1–2, 31.1–3; <i>indutiae</i> with <a href="/wiki/Volsinii" title="Volsinii">Volsinii</a>, Perusia and Arretium, ix.37.4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <i>Corpus Inscr. Lat.</i> xi. 1212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perugiaonline.com/perugia_arcoetrusco.html">Etruscan town walls</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latin inscriptions at two of the preserved Etruscan gates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Amory, <i>People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554</i> pp185-86, referring to Perugia in passing, notes the increasingly localized role assumed since the mid-fifth century by the bishops.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Procopius, <i>Bellum Gothicum</i>, 3 (7).2.35.2, characteristically does not mention the incident, reported in <a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Gregory the Great</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#C13"><i>Dialogues</i>, 13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090917040820/http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#C13">Archived</a> 2009-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, who imagines a seven-year siege (i.e. since 540, before the accession of <a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Baduila</a>) and dramatically reports Herculanus' grotesque murder.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Procopius of Caesarea">Procopius of Caesarea</a>, <i>Gothic Wars</i> I,16 and III,35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-commune-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-commune_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commune_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commune_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commune_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <i>Perugia</i>, Raffaele Rossi, Attilio Bartoli Angeli, Roberta Sottani 1993 (Vol. 1, pp. 120–140)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Avvocato della Signoria cittadina e del Palazzo dei suoi Priori"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Made a cardinal by his uncle, 20 December 1375 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm">Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: 14th century</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-touring-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-touring_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-touring_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-touring_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. Touring Club Italiano, <i>Guida d'Italia: Umbria</i> (1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "to bring to heel the audacious Perugini".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723674962.html?dids=723674962:723674962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+18%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Papal+Government+and+Its+Subjects.&pqatl=google"><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, Jul 18, 1859</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061759/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723674962.html?dids=723674962:723674962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+18%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Papal+Government+and+Its+Subjects.&pqatl=google">Archived</a> November 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723677712.html?dids=723677712:723677712&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+21%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Outrge+on+American+at+Perugia---Illness+of+Mrs.+...&pqatl=google">"The outrage of the American witnesses in Perugia," <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, Jul 21, 1859</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061750/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723677712.html?dids=723677712:723677712&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+21%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Outrge+on+American+at+Perugia---Illness+of+Mrs.+...&pqatl=google">Archived</a> November 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=314">"Advance to the Gothic Line"</a>. <i>World War II Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+War+II+Database&rft.atitle=Advance+to+the+Gothic+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fbattle_spec.php%3Fbattle_id%3D314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nestlé-Perugina produced in 2005 about 1.5 million <i>Baci</i> a day. Each October, Perugia has an annual chocolate festival called <a href="/wiki/EuroChocolate" title="EuroChocolate">EuroChocolate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/27/AR2005052700560.html">In Italy, right in the kisser, The Washington Post, May 29, 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131010102309/http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2003/04/inbrief/it0304104n.html">"European Industrial Relations Observatory, April 9, 2003"</a>. Eurofound.europa.eu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2003/04/inbrief/it0304104n.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Industrial+Relations+Observatory%2C+April+9%2C+2003&rft.pub=Eurofound.europa.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurofound.europa.eu%2Feiro%2F2003%2F04%2Finbrief%2Fit0304104n.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nestleusa.com/PubOurBrands/BrandDetails.aspx?lbid=EB6F4F9F-7034-4F81-925B-0B9E1AD0745E">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929221846/http://www.nestleusa.com/PubOurBrands/BrandDetails.aspx?lbid=EB6F4F9F-7034-4F81-925B-0B9E1AD0745E">Archived</a> September 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehndorff,_John" class="citation web cs1">Lehndorff, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102174308/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-68871343.html">"Thousands converge on historic city to celebrate everything chocolate Associated Press, October 21, 2002"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-68871343.html">the original</a> on 2012-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousands+converge+on+historic+city+to+celebrate+everything+chocolate+Associated+Press%2C+October+21%2C+2002&rft.au=Lehndorff%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-68871343.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=8161&cityname=Perugia,+Umbria,+Italy&units=">"Perugia, Italy Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Perugia%2C+Italy+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D8161%26cityname%3DPerugia%2C%2BUmbria%2C%2BItaly%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SM_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(181)Perugia%20S.Egidio.pdf">"Perugia/Sant'Egidio(PG)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Atlante climatico</i>. Servizio Meteorologico<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlante+climatico&rft.atitle=Perugia%2FSant%27Egidio%28PG%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclima.meteoam.it%2FAtlanteClim2%2Fpdf%2F%28181%29Perugia%2520S.Egidio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMsun-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMsun_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO181.txt">"STAZIONE 181 PERUGIA: medie mensili periodo 68–90"</a> (in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STAZIONE+181+PERUGIA%3A+medie+mensili+periodo+68%E2%80%9390&rft.pub=Servizio+Meteorologico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclima.meteoam.it%2Fweb_clima_sysman%2FClino6190%2FCLINO181.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremes-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-extremes_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/perugia-santegidio/">"Perugia Sant'Egidio: Record mensili dal 1967"</a> (in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perugia+Sant%27Egidio%3A+Record+mensili+dal+1967&rft.pub=Servizio+Meteorologico+dell%E2%80%99Aeronautica+Militare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimaintoscana.altervista.org%2Fitalia%2Fstazioni-wmo%2Fperugia-santegidio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. Demo.istat.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2007%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2007/03/13/student_diaries_heather_kenny_200703_feature.shtml">BBC students diaries</a> March 13, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourism.comune.perugia.it/canale.asp?id=256">Perugia, University Town</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005725/http://tourism.comune.perugia.it/canale.asp?id=256">Archived</a> 2007-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/universita/scuole_gio/scuole_gio.html">La Repubblica Università – Italian Journalism recognized schools</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umbra.org">"The Umbra Institute"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Umbra+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umbra.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the institution educational purposes at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712180220/http://www.universitadeisapori.com/canale.asp?id=728">Università dei Sapori official site</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102174323/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4990695.html">A short break in Perugia</a> The Independent – London, June 6, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turismo.comune.perugia.it/poi/torre-degli-sciri#:~:text=Tra%20il%20IX%C2%B0%20e,riduzioni%20in%20altezza%20o%20distruzione.">"Torre degli Sciri - Comune di Perugia - Turismo"</a>. <i>turismo.comune.perugia.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=turismo.comune.perugia.it&rft.atitle=Torre+degli+Sciri+-+Comune+di+Perugia+-+Turismo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturismo.comune.perugia.it%2Fpoi%2Ftorre-degli-sciri%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTra%2520il%2520IX%25C2%25B0%2520e%2Criduzioni%2520in%2520altezza%2520o%2520distruzione.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Centro Direzionale is mentioned in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pritzkerprize.com/rossi.htm">Aldo Rossi personal page at the Pritzker Prize official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523193256/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/rossi.htm">Archived</a> 2007-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716045836/http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/europe/italy/tuscany-and-umbria/perugia/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654613337">"Collegio del Cambio"</a>. <i>Travel.<a href="/wiki/Nytimes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Nytimes.com">nytimes.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/europe/italy/tuscany-and-umbria/perugia/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654613337">the original</a> on 16 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Travel.nytimes.com&rft.atitle=Collegio+del+Cambio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2Ftravel%2Fguides%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2Ftuscany-and-umbria%2Fperugia%2Fattraction-detail.html%3Fvid%3D1154654613337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inperugia.com/tourist-attractions/academy-of-fine-arts-of-perugia/">"The Academy of Fine Arts of Perugia"</a>. <i>Inperugia.com</i>. 20 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inperugia.com&rft.atitle=The+Academy+of+Fine+Arts+of+Perugia&rft.date=2013-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finperugia.com%2Ftourist-attractions%2Facademy-of-fine-arts-of-perugia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umbriajazz.com/">"Umbria Jazz"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Umbria+Jazz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umbriajazz.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Umbrian musical event is hosted in Perugia since the end of World War II <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/10/18/archives/perugia-festival-units-from-florence-and-vienna-give-sacred.html">NYT, October 18, 1953</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalismfestival.com/">"International Journalism Festival"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Journalism+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalismfestival.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicfestperugia.net/">"Music Fest Perugia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Music+Fest+Perugia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicfestperugia.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eu-football.info/_venue.php?id=826">"Stadio Renato Curi, Perugia, football venue"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadio+Renato+Curi%2C+Perugia%2C+football+venue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feu-football.info%2F_venue.php%3Fid%3D826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100409022959/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/per/perugia.htm">"Perugia MiniMetro on"</a>. Urbanrail.net. 2008-01-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/per/perugia.htm">the original</a> on 2010-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perugia+MiniMetro+on&rft.pub=Urbanrail.net&rft.date=2008-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urbanrail.net%2Feu%2Fper%2Fperugia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101194606/https://www.ita-airways.com/it_it/offerte/itabus-booking.html">"ITA Airways con Itabus: Colleghiamo Perugia e Pescara al resto del mondo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ita-airways.com/it_it/offerte/itabus-booking.html">the original</a> on 2022-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ITA+Airways+con+Itabus%3A+Colleghiamo+Perugia+e+Pescara+al+resto+del+mondo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ita-airways.com%2Fit_it%2Fofferte%2Fitabus-booking.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turismo.comune.perugia.it/pagine/citta-gemelle-000">"Città gemelle"</a>. <i>turismo.comune.perugia.it</i> (in Italian). Turismo Perugia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=turismo.comune.perugia.it&rft.atitle=Citt%C3%A0+gemelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturismo.comune.perugia.it%2Fpagine%2Fcitta-gemelle-000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConestabile_della_Staffa1855" class="citation book cs1">Conestabile della Staffa, Giancarlo (1855). <i>I Monumenti di Perugia etrusca e romana</i>. Perugia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Monumenti+di+Perugia+etrusca+e+romana&rft.place=Perugia&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Conestabile+della+Staffa&rft.aufirst=Giancarlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallenga_Stuart1905" class="citation book cs1">Gallenga Stuart, Romeo Adriano (1905). <i>Perugia</i>. Bergamo: Istituto italiano d'arti grafiche Editore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perugia&rft.place=Bergamo&rft.pub=Istituto+italiano+d%27arti+grafiche+Editore&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Gallenga+Stuart&rft.aufirst=Romeo+Adriano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeywood1910" class="citation book cs1">Heywood, William (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofperugia00heywuoft"><i>A history of Perugia</i></a>. London: Methuen & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Perugia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Heywood&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofperugia00heywuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManciniGiovanna_Casagrande1998" class="citation book cs1">Mancini, Francesco Federico; Giovanna Casagrande (1998). <i>Perugia – guida storico-artistica</i>. Perugia: Italcards. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7193-746-5" title="Special:BookSources/88-7193-746-5"><bdi>88-7193-746-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perugia+%E2%80%93+guida+storico-artistica&rft.place=Perugia&rft.pub=Italcards&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=88-7193-746-5&rft.aulast=Mancini&rft.aufirst=Francesco+Federico&rft.au=Giovanna+Casagrande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin_Blanshei1976" class="citation book cs1">Rubin Blanshei, Sarah (1976). <i>Perugia, 1260-1340: Conflict and Change in a Medieval Italian Urban Society</i>. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-662-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-662-2"><bdi>0-87169-662-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perugia%2C+1260-1340%3A+Conflict+and+Change+in+a+Medieval+Italian+Urban+Society&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-87169-662-2&rft.aulast=Rubin+Blanshei&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossi1993" class="citation book cs1">Rossi, Raffaele; et al. (1993). <i>Perugia</i>. Milan: Elio Sellino Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-236-0051-0" title="Special:BookSources/88-236-0051-0"><bdi>88-236-0051-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perugia&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Elio+Sellino+Editore&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=88-236-0051-0&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=Raffaele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymondsLina_Duff_Gordon1898" class="citation book cs1">Symonds, Margaret; Lina Duff Gordon (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/storyofperugi00symo#page/n9/mode/2up"><i>The Story of Perugia</i></a>. London: J.M. Dent & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8115-0865-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8115-0865-X"><bdi>0-8115-0865-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Perugia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Co&rft.date=1898&rft.isbn=0-8115-0865-X&rft.aulast=Symonds&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Lina+Duff+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fstoryofperugi00symo%23page%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappelli2013" class="citation book cs1">Zappelli, Maria Rita (2013). Zachary Nowak (ed.). <i>Home Street Home: Perugia's History Told Through its Streets</i>. Perugia: Morlacchi Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6074-548-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6074-548-4"><bdi>978-88-6074-548-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Home+Street+Home%3A+Perugia%27s+History+Told+Through+its+Streets&rft.place=Perugia&rft.pub=Morlacchi+Editore&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-88-6074-548-4&rft.aulast=Zappelli&rft.aufirst=Maria+Rita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Perugia#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Perugia">Bibliography of the history of Perugia</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymonds,_MargaretDuff_Gordon,_Lina1927" class="citation journal cs1">Symonds, Margaret; Duff Gordon, Lina (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46732">"The Story of Perugia"</a>. <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>70</b> (4): 396. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1927GeogJ..70..396W">1927GeogJ..70..396W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1782069">10.2307/1782069</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1782069">1782069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+Perugia&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=396&rft.date=1927&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1782069%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1782069&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1927GeogJ..70..396W&rft.au=Symonds%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Duff+Gordon%2C+Lina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F46732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerugia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perugia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Perugia</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Perugia&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Perugia">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Perugia&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.perugia.it/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 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class="sister-bar-header"><b>Perugia</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Perugia" class="extiw" title="c:Perugia">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span 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title="Bevagna">Bevagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campello_sul_Clitunno" title="Campello sul Clitunno">Campello sul Clitunno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannara" title="Cannara">Cannara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascia" title="Cascia">Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Ritaldi" title="Castel Ritaldi">Castel Ritaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castiglione_del_Lago" title="Castiglione del Lago">Castiglione del Lago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerreto_di_Spoleto" title="Cerreto di Spoleto">Cerreto di Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citerna" title="Citerna">Citerna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_della_Pieve" title="Città della Pieve">Città della Pieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_di_Castello" title="Città di Castello">Città di Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collazzone" title="Collazzone">Collazzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corciano" title="Corciano">Corciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costacciaro" title="Costacciaro">Costacciaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deruta" title="Deruta">Deruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foligno" title="Foligno">Foligno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossato_di_Vico" title="Fossato di Vico">Fossato di Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fratta_Todina" title="Fratta Todina">Fratta Todina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giano_dell%27Umbria" title="Giano dell'Umbria">Giano dell'Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gualdo_Cattaneo" title="Gualdo Cattaneo">Gualdo Cattaneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gualdo_Tadino" title="Gualdo Tadino">Gualdo Tadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubbio" title="Gubbio">Gubbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisciano_Niccone" title="Lisciano Niccone">Lisciano Niccone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magione" title="Magione">Magione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsciano" title="Marsciano">Marsciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massa_Martana" title="Massa Martana">Massa Martana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Castello_di_Vibio" title="Monte Castello di Vibio">Monte Castello di Vibio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Santa_Maria_Tiberina" title="Monte Santa Maria Tiberina">Monte Santa Maria Tiberina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefalco" title="Montefalco">Montefalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteleone_di_Spoleto" title="Monteleone di Spoleto">Monteleone di Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montone" title="Montone">Montone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocera_Umbra" title="Nocera Umbra">Nocera Umbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcia" title="Norcia">Norcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paciano" title="Paciano">Paciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panicale" title="Panicale">Panicale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passignano_sul_Trasimeno" title="Passignano sul Trasimeno">Passignano sul Trasimeno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piegaro" title="Piegaro">Piegaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietralunga" title="Pietralunga">Pietralunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poggiodomo" title="Poggiodomo">Poggiodomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preci" title="Preci">Preci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giustino" title="San Giustino">San Giustino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anatolia_di_Narco" title="Sant'Anatolia di Narco">Sant'Anatolia di Narco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheggia_e_Pascelupo" title="Scheggia e Pascelupo">Scheggia e Pascelupo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheggino" title="Scheggino">Scheggino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellano" title="Sellano">Sellano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigillo" title="Sigillo">Sigillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spello" title="Spello">Spello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todi" title="Todi">Todi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torgiano" title="Torgiano">Torgiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevi,_Umbria" title="Trevi, Umbria">Trevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoro_sul_Trasimeno" title="Tuoro sul Trasimeno">Tuoro sul Trasimeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbertide" title="Umbertide">Umbertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valfabbrica" title="Valfabbrica">Valfabbrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallo_di_Nera" title="Vallo di Nera">Vallo di Nera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtopina" title="Valtopina">Valtopina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_capitals_of_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Template:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_capitals_of_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regional</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catanzaro" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Campobasso" title="Campobasso">Campobasso</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></b><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perugia</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a></b> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3437#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3437#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3437#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123428913">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156566457">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204299/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgt7MMXCK9cffYbFBP4v3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045314-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79006840">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865319c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865319c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36541559">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Perugia (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130396&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455957">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000282859&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000781134&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/8453">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552532205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ad991074-8968-4378-90fc-c42969e013e5">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026398230">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perugia&oldid=1253694727">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perugia&oldid=1253694727</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Umbria" title="Category:Cities and towns in Umbria">Cities and towns in Umbria</a></li><li><a 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