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<li id="toc-Capital_of_Ciskei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_Ciskei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Capital of Ciskei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_Ciskei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bisho_Massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bisho_Massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bisho Massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bisho_Massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Apartheid_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Apartheid_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-Apartheid Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Apartheid_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhisho_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhisho_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bhisho today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhisho_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhisho</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="بيشو (جنوب إفريقيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيشو (جنوب إفريقيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88" title="بیشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B" title="ভিশো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিশো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Бишо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бишо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88" title="بیشو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیشو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%87%BC" title="비쇼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비쇼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B" title="बिशो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिशो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhisho" title="IBhisho – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBhisho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95" title="בישו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בישו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C5%A1o" title="Bišo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bišo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C5%A1o" title="Bišo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bišo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Бишо (град) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бишо (град)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B" title="भिशो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भिशो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88" title="بيشو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيشو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7" title="ビショ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビショ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%B4%D9%88" title="بھشو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھشو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Бишо (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бишо (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Бишо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бишо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Бішо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бішо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88" title="بھیشو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھیشو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhisho" title="Bhisho – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bhisho" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%B9_(%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E)" title="比紹 (南非) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比紹 (南非)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bhisho&params=32_50_58_S_27_26_17_E_region:ZA_type:city(11192)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°50′58″S</span> <span class="longitude">27°26′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.84944°S 27.43806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-32.84944; 27.43806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of the Eastern Cape</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Eastern Cape, South Africa</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bhisho</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Bisho</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bisho Massacre Memorial Site"><img alt="Bisho Massacre Memorial Site" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg/250px-Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg/375px-Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg/500px-Bisho_Massacre_Memorial_Site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Bisho Massacre Memorial Site</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhisho is located in Eastern Cape"><img alt="Bhisho is located in Eastern Cape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg/250px-South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg/375px-South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg/500px-South_Africa_Eastern_Cape_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="902" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.251%;left:61.726%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bhisho"><img alt="Bhisho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bhisho</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Eastern Cape</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhisho is located in South Africa"><img alt="Bhisho is located in South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg/250px-South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg/375px-South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg/500px-South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1741" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.459%;left:66.5%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bhisho"><img alt="Bhisho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bhisho</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South Africa</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhisho is located in Africa"><img alt="Bhisho is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/250px-Africa_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/375px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/500px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:93.994%;left:62.337%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bhisho"><img alt="Bhisho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bhisho</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bhisho&params=32_50_58_S_27_26_17_E_region:ZA_type:city(11192)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°50′58″S</span> <span class="longitude">27°26′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.84944°S 27.43806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-32.84944; 27.43806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities of South Africa">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality">Buffalo City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8.08 km<sup>2</sup> (3.12 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">435 m (1,427 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,192</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400/km<sup>2</sup> (3,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Racial makeup (2011)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_of_South_Africa" title="Bantu peoples of South Africa">Black African</a></th><td class="infobox-data">98.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloured</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian South African">Indian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Asian_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian South African">Asian</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">White</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Other</th><td class="infobox-data">0.2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">First languages</a> (2011)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">92.0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">English</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Other</th><td class="infobox-data">4.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Standard Time">SAST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in South Africa">Postal code</a> (street)</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">5605</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post-office_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-office box">PO box</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">5605</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_South_Africa" title="Telephone numbers in South Africa">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">040</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bhisho</b>, formerly <b>Bisho</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> province in South Africa. The Office of the Premier, Provincial Legislature and many other government departments are headquartered in the town. The town, three kilometres from <a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="King William's Town">Qonce</a> and 70 kilometres from <a href="/wiki/East_London,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="East London, Eastern Cape">East London</a>, is also part of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality">Buffalo City</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bhisho derives its name from the <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> word for <a href="/wiki/African_Buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="African Buffalo">buffalo</a>, which is also the name of the river (<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_River_(Eastern_Cape)" title="Buffalo River (Eastern Cape)">Buffalo River</a>) that runs through this town. Bhisho was named after the song by Ben Tyazashe, who wrote of his longing for his home, Bisho, his name for <a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="King William's Town">King William's Town</a><sup id="cite_ref-SA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, it has also been claimed that the name was invented by <a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Lennox_Sebe" title="Lennox Sebe">Lennox Sebe</a>, after his unsuccessful bid to incorporate <a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="King William's Town">King William's Town</a> into Ciskei, as <i>Qonce</i> (the Xhosa version of the <a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoikhoi">Khoikhoi</a> name for the Buffalo River; it means “buffalo”) was already used as the native name for King William's Town.<sup id="cite_ref-ucPressPseudoEthnicity_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucPressPseudoEthnicity-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_Ciskei">Capital of Ciskei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Capital of Ciskei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">bantustan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> was nominally granted independence in 1981, although this was never recognised outside South Africa, Bisho served as its capital city. During the early 1980s under the leadership of Lennox Sebe, Bisho underwent a period of intense development. </p><p>Its location six kilometres north of King William's Town on the main road linking the Cape to the Transkei and Natal has been described as the result of the Ciskei government wanting to place an "economic stranglehold" upon the white community of King William's Town<sup id="cite_ref-SAHistoryOnline_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHistoryOnline-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who united across political lines against incorporation into the homeland, in the face of a 1979 recommendation by the South African government.<sup id="cite_ref-ucPressPseudoEthnicity_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucPressPseudoEthnicity-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, at the height Ciskei government, Bisho signed a sister-city agreement with the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Ariel,_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel, West Bank">Ariel</a> in the Israeli-occupied <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This saw the construction of two hospitals (one on a floodplain)<sup id="cite_ref-SAHistoryOnline_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHistoryOnline-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Bisho Hospital and up to 10 firms around the capital by Israeli entrepreneurs and technicians. In 1985, when Bisho ended its relationship with the West Bank, there were 200 Israelis in the Ciskei.<sup id="cite_ref-Israeli_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israeli-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bisho_Massacre">Bisho Massacre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bisho Massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bisho_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisho Massacre">Bisho Massacre</a></div> <p>On 7 September 1992, Bisho became the scene of what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a>, when about 80–100,000 people marched on Bisho calling for the dismantling of Ciskei, which still maintained a measure of independence, and removal of the homeland's leader <a href="/wiki/Oupa_Gqozo" title="Oupa Gqozo">Brigadier Oupa Gqozo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ciskei_Defence_Force" title="Ciskei Defence Force">Ciskei Defence Force</a> opened fire, shooting dead 28 or 29 people, and wounding 100. The massacre came at a critical time when negotiations towards democracy were underway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Apartheid_Era">Post-Apartheid Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-Apartheid Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bisho was reincorporated into South Africa on 12 August 1994, following the <a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">first democratic elections in the country in April the same year</a>. In October 1994, the then Eastern Cape Premier Raymond Mhlaba announced that Bisho had been selected as the capital city of the Eastern Cape due to its infrastructure, accessibility to major roads and space for further development.<sup id="cite_ref-CAP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The department of Arts and Culture published a correction of spelling of Bisho to Bhisho in their government notice No. 830 of Gazette No. 26552 on 16 July 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bhisho_today">Bhisho today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bhisho today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bhisho's major structures include the Eastern Cape government offices (including office of the Premier), a branch of the University of Fort Hare, Bhisho Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a> Memorial, Bhisho Stadium and an SABC radio station known as trufm. Bhisho is dependent on the nearby King Williams Town and East London. The majority of the town's population who are employed are public service workers. The town of Bhisho is surrounded by residential areas; Bhisho Central, Tyutyu North, Bhisho Gardens, Tyutyu Location/Central, Balasi and Amatola View.Schools being Bisho High School, Bisho Primary School, Sinako Primary School, Zameka High School and Tyutyu Primary School<sup id="cite_ref-SA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen-Geiger climate classification system">Köppen-Geiger climate classification system</a> classifies Bhisho's climate as <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate#Cold_semi-arid_climates" title="Semi-arid climate">cool semi-arid</a> (<i>BSk</i>), although it borders closely on both a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate#Hot_semi-arid_climates" title="Semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BSh</i>) and a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i>Cfa</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bhisho </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">610<br />(24.1) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <i>Climate-Data.org</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_People">Notable People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Nala" title="Ma Nala">Ma Nala</a> (born 1994) - singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masande_Ntshanga" title="Masande Ntshanga">Masande Ntshanga</a> (born 1986) - novelist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/260032">"Main Place Bhisho"</a>. <i>Census 2011</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2011&rft.atitle=Main+Place+Bhisho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus2011.adrianfrith.com%2Fplace%2F260032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhisho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2007" class="citation cs2">Jenkins, Elwyn (2007), <i>Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names</i>, David Philip Publishers, p. 75</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Falling+into+place%3A+the+story+of+modern+South+African+place+names&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=David+Philip+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Elwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhisho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804132055/http://www.southafrica.co.za/south-africa-travel-bisho-king-williams-town.html">"Bisho and King Williams Town, Eastern Cape, South Africa"</a>. southafrica.co.za. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southafrica.co.za/south-africa-travel-bisho-king-williams-town.html">the original</a> on 4 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bisho+and+King+Williams+Town%2C+Eastern+Cape%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=southafrica.co.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southafrica.co.za%2Fsouth-africa-travel-bisho-king-williams-town.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhisho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ucPressPseudoEthnicity-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ucPressPseudoEthnicity_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucPressPseudoEthnicity_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft158004rs&chunk.id=d0e9953&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e9714&brand=ucpress">"The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+Tribalism+in+Southern+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft158004rs%26chunk.id%3Dd0e9953%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3Dd0e9714%26brand%3Ducpress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhisho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAHistoryOnline-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAHistoryOnline_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAHistoryOnline_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727115008/https://www.sahistory.org.za/franco/architecture-general-bisho.html">"BISHO: A Post-mordernist Mirage"</a>. South African History Online. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/franco/architecture-general-bisho.html">the original</a> on 27 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BISHO%3A+A+Post-mordernist+Mirage&rft.pub=South+African+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Ffranco%2Farchitecture-general-bisho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhisho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sasha Polakow-Suransky, <i>The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa</i>, (New York: Pantheon Books), 2010, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israeli-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Haapiseva-Hunter1987" class="citation book cs1">Jane Haapiseva-Hunter (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_edpSrtACq0C&q=bisho+israeli+government&pg=PA74"><i>Israel and Africa: The Problematic Friendship</i></a>. British Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780896082854" title="Special:BookSources/9780896082854"><bdi>9780896082854</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Benoˆıt Antheaume, Fr´ed´eric Giraut et Brij Maharaj. Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l’innovation territoriale. Grenoble-Avignon, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communities_of_Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality,_Eastern_Cape" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Template:Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Template talk:Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communities_of_Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality,_Eastern_Cape" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Communities of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality">Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Seat: <b><a href="/wiki/East_London,_South_Africa" title="East London, South Africa">East London</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin,_South_Africa" title="Berlin, South Africa">Berlin</a> (Ntabozuko)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breidbach" title="Breidbach">Breidbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, Eastern Cape">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimbaza" title="Dimbaza">Dimbaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Village" title="Duncan Village">Duncan Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_London,_South_Africa" title="East London, South Africa">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluxolweni" title="Eluxolweni">Eluxolweni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginsberg,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginsberg, Eastern Cape">Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gompo" title="Gompo">Gompo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonubie" title="Gonubie">Gonubie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilitha" title="Ilitha">Ilitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Inglewood, Eastern Cape">Inglewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayser%27s_Beach" title="Kayser's Beach">Kayser's Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidd%27s_Beach" title="Kidd's Beach">Kidd's Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macleantown" title="Macleantown">Macleantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mdantsane" title="Mdantsane">Mdantsane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Coke" title="Mount Coke">Mount Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzamomhle,_Buffalo_City" title="Mzamomhle, Buffalo City">Mzamomhle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndevana" title="Ndevana">Ndevana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Need%27s_Camp" title="Need's Camp">Need's Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peelton" title="Peelton">Peelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phakamisa,_Eastern_Cape" title="Phakamisa, Eastern Cape">Phakamisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam, Eastern Cape">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qonce" title="Qonce">King William's Town</a> (Qonce)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quigney,_Eastern_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Quigney, Eastern Cape">Quigney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise-on-Sea" title="Sunrise-on-Sea">Sunrise-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsholomnqa" title="Tsholomnqa">Tsholomnqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwelitsha" title="Zwelitsha">Zwelitsha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_(2011).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buffalo City within South Africa"><img alt="Buffalo City within South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/75px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/113px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/150px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Buffalo_City_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Buffalo City within South Africa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_capitals_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Provincial capitals of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_capitals_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">Provincial</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_provincial_capitals" title="List of South African provincial capitals">capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhisho (Eastern Cape)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein (Free State)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town (Western Cape)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg (Gauteng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley (Northern Cape)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafikeng" title="Mafikeng">Mafeking (North West)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbombela" title="Mbombela">Nelspruit/Mbombela (Mpumalanga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg (KwaZulu-Natal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Pietersburg/Polokwane (Limpopo)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209533#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&oldid=1258027557">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhisho&oldid=1258027557</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_capitals_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Provincial capitals in South Africa">Provincial capitals in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Buffalo_City_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Category:Populated places in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality">Populated 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