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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-presidential life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-presidential_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Awards and decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="كآرلو يوهو ستولبيرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كآرلو يوهو ستولبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Каарла Юха Стольберг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каарла Юха Стольберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Каарла Юха Стольбэрг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каарла Юха Стольбэрг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="کارلو یوهو استالبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارلو یوهو استالبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9C%A0%ED%98%B8_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A8%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="카를로 유호 스톨베리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를로 유호 스톨베리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="קארלו יוהו סטולברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קארלו יוהו סטולברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="კარლო იუჰო სტოლბერგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლო იუჰო სტოლბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Iohannes_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Carolus Iohannes Ståhlberg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Iohannes Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Juho_Stolbergs" title="Karlo Juho Stolbergs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karlo Juho Stolbergs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="कार्लो युहो स्टालबर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्लो युहो स्टालबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="كآرلو يوهو ستولبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كآرلو يوهو ستولبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%AE%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Стольберг, Каарло Юхо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стольберг, Каарло Юхо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li 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J. Ståhlberg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="K. J. Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/220px-Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/330px-Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/440px-Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1909" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Ståhlberg in 1919</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 July 1919 – 2 March 1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n" title="Kaarlo Castrén">Kaarlo Castrén</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Juho_Vennola" title="Juho Vennola">Juho Vennola</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Erich" title="Rafael Erich">Rafael Erich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aimo_Kaarlo_Cajander" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimo Kaarlo Cajander">Aimo Kaarlo Cajander</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ky%C3%B6sti_Kallio" title="Kyösti Kallio">Kyösti Kallio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Ingman" title="Lauri Ingman">Lauri Ingman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Mannerheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf Mannerheim">Gustaf Mannerheim</a> (as Regent)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kristian Relander</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Carl Johan Ståhlberg</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1865-01-28</span>)</span>28 January 1865<br /><a href="/wiki/Suomussalmi" title="Suomussalmi">Suomussalmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kainuu" title="Kainuu">Kainuu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 September 1952<span style="display:none">(1952-09-22)</span> (aged 87)<br /><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Hietaniemi_Cemetery" title="Hietaniemi Cemetery">Hietaniemi Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kansallinen_Edistyspuolue" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansallinen Edistyspuolue">National Progressive Party (ED)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Hedvig Irene Wåhlberg (desc.); <a href="/wiki/Ester_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Ester Ståhlberg">Ester Hällström</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer; Civil servant; Professor; Judge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg/128px-Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg/192px-Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg/256px-Signature_of_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="164" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:President_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.ogg" title="File:President K. J. Ståhlberg.ogg">K. J. Ståhlberg's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="President_K._J._Ståhlberg.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/President_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/President_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.ogg/President_K._J._St%C3%A5hlberg.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Recorded July 26, 1919</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg</b> (<span style="font-size:85%;">forenames</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Finnish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">[ˈkɑːrlo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈjuho]</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;">surname</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Finland Swedish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sv-FI-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">[ˈstoːlbærj]</a></span>; 28 January 1865 – 22 September 1952) was a Finnish <a href="/wiki/Jurist" title="Jurist">jurist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a> who was one of the most important pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a> in the country. He was the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">president of Finland</a> (1919–1925) and a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal nationalist">liberal nationalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ståhlberg was an important figure in the drafting of Finland's republican <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Finland" title="Constitution of Finland">constitution</a>. As a jurist, he anchored the state in <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>, guarded the fragile germ of the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, and embarked on internal reforms. In implementing the form of government of 1919, Ståhlberg piloted an independent Finland towards acting in world politics; in presidential-led <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_policy" title="Security policy">security policy</a>, he relied on <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was only after the opening of private archives of President <a href="/wiki/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi" title="Juho Kusti Paasikivi">J. K. Paasikivi</a> that it was realized that Ståhlberg had a very significant political role as an “<a href="/wiki/%C3%89minence_grise" title="Éminence grise">éminence grise</a>” until his death. He was asked for advice and opinions, which were also followed. Paasikivi highly valued Ståhlberg, and even described his predecessor in exaggerated words: “Ståhlberg was a man who never made mistakes”.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/200px-Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/300px-Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/400px-Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="893" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg">Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg</a> (1832–1873), Kaarlo's father</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/200px-Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/300px-Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg/400px-Amanda_Gustava_St%C3%A5hlberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="896" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Amanda Gustafva Castrén (1841–1907), Kaarlo's mother</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Ståhlberg was born in <a href="/wiki/Suomussalmi" title="Suomussalmi">Suomussalmi</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Kainuu" title="Kainuu">Kainuu</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a>, back when Finland was an autonomous state under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. He was the second child of <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gabriel_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg">Johan (Janne) Gabriel Ståhlberg</a>, an assistant pastor, and Amanda Gustafa Castrén. On both sides of his family, Ståhlberg's male forebears had been <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> clergymen. He was christened <i>Carl Johan</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Finland Swedish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sv-FI-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">[ˈkɑːrl<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈjuːhɑn]</a></span>), but later <a href="/wiki/Finnicize" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnicize">Finnicized</a> his forenames to <i>Kaarlo Juho</i>, as did most <a href="/wiki/Fennoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Fennoman">Fennomans</a> (i.e. the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish language</a> and culture instead of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Kansallisbiografia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kansallisbiografia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg/170px-Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg/255px-Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg/340px-Young_St%C3%A5hlberg2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="2083" /></a><figcaption>Young Kaarlo in the 1880s</figcaption></figure> <p>Ståhlberg and his family lived in <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a>, where he also went for grammar school. Ståhlberg's father died when he was a boy, leaving his family in a difficult financial position. The family moved to <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, where the children entered school. Kaarlo's mother Amanda worked to support the family until her death in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-Kansallisbiografia_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kansallisbiografia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ståhlberg's family had always spoken and supported the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish language</a>, and the young Ståhlberg was enrolled in <a href="/wiki/Oulun_Lyseon_Lukio" class="mw-redirect" title="Oulun Lyseon Lukio">Oulu's private Finnish lycee</a>, where he would excel, and was the primus of his class. In 1889 he graduated as a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a>. He gained his <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a> in Law in 1893. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_as_academic_and_civil_servant">Career as academic and civil servant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career as academic and civil servant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ståhlberg soon began a very long career as the presenter and planner of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Finland" title="Senate of Finland">Senate's</a> legislation, during the period when Finland was a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy">Grand Duchy</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Czarist</a> rule. He was a "<i>constitutionalist</i>" – supporting the already existing Finnish constitutional framework and constitutional legislative policies, including legislative resistance, against the attempted <a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Finland" title="Russification of Finland">Russification of Finland</a>. He also came to support the call for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, and had a moderate line on <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a>. </p><p>Ståhlberg served as secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Finland" title="Diet of Finland">Diet of Finland</a>'s finance committee in 1891 before being appointed as an assistant professor of Administrative Law and Economics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a> in 1894. It was at this time that he began his active involvement in politics, becoming a member of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Finnish_Party" title="Young Finnish Party">Young Finnish Party</a>. </p><p>In 1893, Ståhlberg married his first wife, Hedvig Irene Wåhlberg (1869–1917). They had six children together: Kaarlo (1894–1977), Aino (1895–1974), Elli (1899–1986), Aune (1901–1967), Juho (1907–1973), and Kyllikki (1908–1994). </p><p>In 1898, Ståhlberg was appointed as Protocol Secretary for the Senate's civil affairs subdepartment. This was the second-highest <a href="/wiki/Rapporteur" title="Rapporteur">Rapporteur</a> position in the Finnish government. This appointment to a senior position in the Finnish administration was approved by the new <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Finland">Governor General of Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bobrikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Bobrikov">Nikolai Bobrikov</a>, whose term in office saw the beginning of the period of Russification, and whose policies represented all that the <i>constitutionalist</i> Ståhlberg was opposed to. Ståhlberg was elected in 1901 as a member of Helsinki City Council, serving until 1903. In 1902, he was dismissed as Protocol Secretary, due to his strict legalist views, and his opposition to legislation on compulsory military service. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg/170px-FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg/255px-FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg/340px-FIN-50m-1963-anv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>K. J. Ståhlberg on a 50 mark note from 1963.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_as_politician">Career as politician</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career as politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ståhlberg participated in the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Finland" title="Diet of Finland">Diet of Finland</a> (1904–1905) as a member of the Estate of Burgesses. In 1905, he was appointed as a Senator in the newly formed Senate of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Mechelin" title="Leo Mechelin">Leo Mechelin</a>, with responsibility for trade and industry. One of the most important tasks facing the new <i>constitutionalist</i> Senate was to consider proposals for the reform of the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Finland" title="Diet of Finland">Diet of Finland</a> and, although initially sceptical about some of the proposal, Ståhlberg played a role in the drafting of the legislation which created the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament of Finland</a>. Ståhlberg resigned from the Senate in 1907, due to Parliament's rejection of a Senate bill on the prohibition of alcohol. </p><p>The following year he resumed his academic career and was appointed as Professor of Administrative Law at the University of Helsinki, a position he retained until 1918. During his time in that post he wrote his most influential piece of work, "<i>Finnish administrative law, volumes I & II</i>." He also remained active in politics, being elected to the central committee of the Young Finnish Party. In 1908, Ståhlberg was elected as a member of Parliament for the Southern Häme constituency, which he represented until 1910. He also served as a member for the Southern Oulu constituency from 1913 until his appointment as President of the Supreme Administrative Court in 1918. Ståhlberg also served as <a href="/wiki/Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Speakers of the Parliament of Finland">Speaker</a> of the Parliament in 1914. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> in 1917, Ståhlberg was backed by the majority of the non-socialists members of Parliament as a candidate to become Vice-Chairman of the Economic Department of the Senate. However, he did not receive the support of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Finland" title="Social Democratic Party of Finland">Social Democrats</a>, which he had made a precondition of his being elected. Instead, the Social Democrat <a href="/wiki/Oskari_Tokoi" title="Oskari Tokoi">Oskari Tokoi</a> was elected, with Ståhlberg being appointed as chairman of the Constitutional Council. This body had been set up earlier to draw up plans for a new form of government for Finland, in light of the events surrounding the February Revolution and the abdication of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a> as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Russia" title="Emperor of Russia">Emperor of Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Finland" title="Grand Duke of Finland">Grand Duke of Finland</a>. </p><p>The new form of government approved by the council was largely based on the 1772 <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Constitution_of_1772" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Constitution of 1772">Instrument of Government</a>, dating from the period of Swedish rule. The proposed form of government was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a>, and was then left largely forgotten for a time due to the confusion and urgency of the situation surrounding the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> and the declaration of Finland's independence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architect_of_the_Finnish_constitution">Architect of the Finnish constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Architect of the Finnish constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Finland gained its independence in December 1917, the Constitutional Committee drafted new proposals for a form of government of an independent Republic of Finland. As chairman of the council, Ståhlberg was involved in the drafting and re-drafting of constitutional proposals during 1918, when the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a>, and debates between republicans and monarchists on the future constitution, all led to various proposals. His proposals would eventually be enacted as the Constitution of Finland in 1919. In 1918, Ståhlberg supported the idea of <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> instead of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> which was supported by more conservative victors of the civil war. Ståhlberg's appointment as the first President of the Supreme Administrative Court in 1918 meant that he relinquished his role as a member of Parliament, and was therefore not involved in the election by the Parliament of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_Charles_of_Hesse" title="Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse">Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse</a> as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Finland">King of Finland</a> in October of that year. As it became clear that Finland would be a republic, Stålberg also championed direct election of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Council of State">Council of State</a> chose the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a> system, although the first President would be elected by Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_President_of_Finland">First President of Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First President of Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg/170px-St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg/255px-St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg/340px-St%C3%A5hlberg_in_his_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2226" data-file-height="2826" /></a><figcaption>President Ståhlberg in his office in 1919.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ståhlberg emerged as a candidate for president, with the support of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Kansallinen_Edistyspuolue" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansallinen Edistyspuolue">National Progressive Party</a>, of which he was a member, and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Agrarian League</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1919_Finnish_presidential_election" title="1919 Finnish presidential election">1919 Finnish presidential election</a>, he was elected by Parliament as President of the Republic on 25 July 1919, defeating <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Carl Gustaf Mannerheim</a> (the candidate supported by the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition (Finland)">National Coalition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish People's Party (Finland)">Swedish People's</a> parties) by 143 votes to 50.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ståhlberg was inaugurated as the first President of the Republic on the following day, and reluctantly moved out of his home in Helsinki to take up residence in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Helsinki" title="Presidential Palace, Helsinki">Presidential Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Ståhlberg had been a widower since 1917, but in 1920, as president, he married his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Ester_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Ester Ståhlberg">Ester Hällström</a> (1870–1950). He was also very formal and, due to his <a href="/wiki/Shyness" title="Shyness">shyness</a>, wrote everything he had to say in public beforehand. He also had a distaste for official occasions, and he did not like travel or <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a>, which is why, despite invitations and exhortations, he made no visits abroad during his presidency and received only one guest, Estonian President <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a> in May 1922. The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State of Estonia">Estonian head of state</a>'s visit was the first official visit to independent Finland. Finland's Ambassador to Stockholm, <a href="/wiki/Werner_S%C3%B6derhjelm" title="Werner Söderhjelm">Werner Söderhjelm</a>, repeatedly offered Ståhlberg a visit to its western neighbor Sweden, but Ståhlberg maintained his position:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Let my followers then travel as much as they want."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The first official visit of the President of Finland abroad was made only by his successor, President <a href="/wiki/L._K._Relander" class="mw-redirect" title="L. K. Relander">L. K. Relander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the first President of the Republic, Ståhlberg had to form various presidential precedents and interpretations of how the office of President should be conducted. His term in office was also marked by a succession of short-lived governments. During his time as president, Ståhlberg nominated and appointed eight governments. These were mostly coalitions of the Agrarians and the National Progressive, National Coalition and Swedish People's parties, although Ståhlberg also appointed two caretaker governments. Importantly, Ståhlberg generally supported all the governments that he nominated, although he also sometimes disagreed with them. He forced Kyösti Kallio's first government to resign in January 1924, when he demanded early elections to restore the full membership of Parliament – 200 deputies – and Kallio disagreed. The Parliament had lacked 27 deputies since August 1923, when the Communist deputies had been arrested on suspicions of treason.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ståhlberg supported moderate social and economic reforms to make even the former Reds accept the democratic republic. He pardoned most of the Red prisoners, despite the strong criticism that this aroused from many right-wing Finns, especially the White veterans of the Civil War and several senior army officers. He signed into law bills that gave the trade unions an equal power with the employers' organizations to negotiate labour contracts, a bill to improve the public care for the poor, and the <a href="/wiki/Lex_Kallio" title="Lex Kallio">Lex Kallio</a> law which distributed land from the wealthy landowners to the former tenant farmers and other landless rural people.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In foreign policy Ståhlberg was markedly reserved towards Sweden, largely as a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Åland crisis">Åland crisis</a>, which marked the early years of his presidency. He was also cautious towards Germany, and generally unsuccessful in his attempts to establish closer contacts with Poland, the United Kingdom and France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-presidential_life">Post-presidential life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-presidential life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5hlberg_kidnapping" title="Ståhlberg kidnapping">Ståhlberg kidnapping</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg/170px-St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg/255px-St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg/340px-St%C3%A5hlbergs%27_at_the_railwaystation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2506" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>President Ståhlberg and his wife at the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Central_Station" title="Helsinki Central Station">Helsinki Central Station</a> after kidnapping. In the middle of picture his daughter Elli Ståhlberg stands behind them.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ståhlberg did not seek re-election in 1925, finding his difficult term of office a great strain. He also believed that the right-wing and the monarchists would become more reconciled to the republic if he stepped down. According to the longtime late Agrarian and Centrist politician Johannes Virolainen, he believed that the incumbent president was too much favoured over the other candidates while standing for re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Ståhlberg did not appreciate his presidential successor, <a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kristian Relander</a>, at all, because Relander was the almost complete opposite of Ståhlberg. He would have preferred to have seen <a href="/wiki/Risto_Ryti" title="Risto Ryti">Risto Ryti</a> as his successor; but when Relander was elected, he muttered: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>May those take care of him who have hired him for it.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He was offered the post of Chancellor of the University of Helsinki, but declined it, instead becoming a member of the government's Law Drafting Committee. He also served as a National Progressive member of Parliament again, as a member for the Uusimaa constituency from 1930 to 1933. </p><p>In 1930, activists from the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Lapua_Movement" title="Lapua Movement">Lapua Movement</a> kidnapped him and his wife, attempting to send them to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, but the incident merely hastened the Lapua Movement's demise. </p><p>Ståhlberg was a National Progressive Party candidate in the 1931 Presidential election, eventually losing to <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Evind_Svinhufvud" title="Pehr Evind Svinhufvud">Pehr Evind Svinhufvud</a> by only two votes in the third ballot. He was also a candidate in the 1937 election, eventually finishing third. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_(1865-01-28)_1950_(JOKAUAS2_466-1).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_%281865-01-28%29_1950_%28JOKAUAS2_466-1%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_%281865-01-28%29_1950_%28JOKAUAS2_466-1%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_%281865-01-28%29_1950_%28JOKAUAS2_466-1%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_%281865-01-28%29_1950_%28JOKAUAS2_466-1%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_%281865-01-28%29_1950_%28JOKAUAS2_466-1%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-St%C3%A5hlberg_-85_v_%281865-01-28%29_1950_%28JOKAUAS2_466-1%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4726" data-file-height="4690" /></a><figcaption>Finnish ex-president Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg's birthday reception in 1950. The President-in-office <a href="/wiki/J.K._Paasikivi" class="mw-redirect" title="J.K. Paasikivi">J.K. Paasikivi</a> congratulates him.</figcaption></figure><p> In 1946, Ståhlberg retired and became the legal adviser of President <a href="/wiki/J._K._Paasikivi" class="mw-redirect" title="J. K. Paasikivi">J. K. Paasikivi</a>. Paasikivi often consulted Ståhlberg; for example, under the <a href="/wiki/1950_Finnish_presidential_election" title="1950 Finnish presidential election">1950 presidential election</a> an emergency plan was planned to extend Paasikivi's term in parliament as president, which Ståhlberg condemned angrily in his letter to Paasikivi:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"If the Finnish people cannot and do not bother to elect a head of state once every six years, it will not really deserve an independent democratic state."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Their last discussion occurred less than two weeks before Ståhlberg died.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 22 September, 1952, and was buried in Helsinki's <a href="/wiki/Hietaniemi_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hietaniemi cemetery">Hietaniemi cemetery</a> with full honours. </p><p>Among Finnish Presidents, Ståhlberg has retained a remarkably impeccable reputation. He is generally regarded as a moral and principled defender of democracy and of the rule of law, and as the father of the Finnish Constitution. His decision to voluntarily give up the presidency is also generally speaking admired as a sign that he was not a power-hungry career politician.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> : Grand Cross, with Collar, of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland" title="Order of the White Rose of Finland">Order of the White Rose of Finland</a> (25 July 1919)<sup id="cite_ref-Matikkala2017p488_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matikkala2017p488-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> : Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland" title="Order of the White Rose of Finland">Order of the White Rose of Finland</a> (16 May 1919)<sup id="cite_ref-Matikkala2017p488_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matikkala2017p488-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> : <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Three_Stars" title="Order of the Three Stars">Order of the Three Stars</a>, 1st Class (15 May 1926)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Polonia_Restituta" title="Order of Polonia Restituta">Order of Polonia Restituta</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> : <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Liberty_(Estonia)" title="Cross of Liberty (Estonia)">Cross of Liberty</a> III/1 (14 December 1920)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212180625/http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?%7Bhnro%7D=911547&%7Bkieli%7D=su&%7Bhaku%7D=kaikki">"Edustajamatrikkeli"</a>. Eduskunta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?{hnro}=911547&{kieli}=su&{haku}=kaikki">the original</a> on 12 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edustajamatrikkeli&rft.pub=Eduskunta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eduskunta.fi%2Ftriphome%2Fbin%2Fhx5000.sh%3F%7Bhnro%7D%3D911547%26%7Bkieli%7D%3Dsu%26%7Bhaku%7D%3Dkaikki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMononen2009" class="citation web cs1">Mononen, Juha (2 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/80491">"War or Peace for Finland? Neoclassical Realist Case Study of Finnish Foreign Policy in the Context of the Anti-Bolshevik Intervention in Russia 1918–1920"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tampere" title="University of Tampere">University of Tampere</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+or+Peace+for+Finland%3F+Neoclassical+Realist+Case+Study+of+Finnish+Foreign+Policy+in+the+Context+of+the+Anti-Bolshevik+Intervention+in+Russia+1918%E2%80%931920&rft.pub=University+of+Tampere&rft.date=2009-02-02&rft.aulast=Mononen&rft.aufirst=Juha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftampub.uta.fi%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F80491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Maude: Aspects of the Governing of the Finns (Studies in Modern European History). Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1433107139" title="Special:BookSources/978-1433107139">978-1433107139</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kansallisbiografia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kansallisbiografia_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kansallisbiografia_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyynilä2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tyynilä, Markku (7 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/kb/artikkeli/626/">"Ståhlberg, Kaarlo Juho (1865–1952)"</a>. <i>Kansallisbiografia.fi</i> (in Finnish). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kansallisbiografia.fi&rft.atitle=St%C3%A5hlberg%2C+Kaarlo+Juho+%281865%E2%80%931952%29&rft.date=2000-06-07&rft.aulast=Tyynil%C3%A4&rft.aufirst=Markku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansallisbiografia.fi%2Fkb%2Fartikkeli%2F626%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see, for example, Sakari Virkkunen, "Finland's Presidents I," Helsinki, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see, for example, Virkkunen 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olavi Jouslehto ja Jaakko Okker: <i>Tamminiemestä Mäntyniemeen</i>, p. 24. Porvoo-Helsinki: WSOY, 2000. (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juhani Suomi: <i>Vuoroin vieraissa</i>, p. 9–28. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2002. ISBN 951-746-386-3. (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakari Virkkunen, "The Finnish Presidents I: Ståhlberg – Relander – Svinhufvud" / Suomen presidentit I: Ståhlberg – Relander – Svinhufvud, Helsinki: Otava Publications Ltd., 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see, for example, Virkkunen, "The Finnish Presidents I"; "Forum IV: Turning Points of the Finnish History from the Autonomy to the Present" / Forum IV. Suomen historian käännekohtia autonomiasta nykypäivään (an upper-secondary school history textbook), Helsinki: Otava, 2005–2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see Virolainen, "The Last Electoral Term" / Viimeinen vaalikausi, published in Finland in 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olavi Jouslehto & Jaakko Okker: <i>Tamminiemestä Mäntyniemeen</i>, p. 33. Porvoo-Helsinki: WSOY, 2000. (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jouslehto & Okker, p. 88–90. (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see, for example, "J.K. Paasikivi's Diaries I-II" / J.K. Paasikiven päiväkirjat I-II, edited and published in Finland around 1985–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see, for example, "The Republic's Presidents 1919–1931" / Tasavallan presidentit 1919–1931, published in Finland in 1993–94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matikkala2017p488-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matikkala2017p488_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matikkala2017p488_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatikkala2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Matikkala, Antti (2017). <i>Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikunnat</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Edita. p. 488. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-37-7005-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-37-7005-1"><bdi>978-951-37-7005-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suomen+Valkoisen+Ruusun+ja+Suomen+Leijonan+ritarikunnat&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=Edita&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-951-37-7005-1&rft.aulast=Matikkala&rft.aufirst=Antti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodika.lndb.lv/periodika2-viewer/?lang=fr#panel:pa%7Cissue:3821%7Carticle:DIVL51%7Cquery:ordeni%20orde%C5%86a%20">"Ar Triju zvaigžņu ordeni apbalvoto: 1. sarakstu"</a>. <i>Valdības Vēstnesis</i>. No. 260. 17 November 1926. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/927071142">927071142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vald%C4%ABbas+V%C4%93stnesis&rft.atitle=Ar+Triju+zvaig%C5%BE%C5%86u+ordeni+apbalvoto%3A+1.+sarakstu.&rft.issue=260&rft.date=1926-11-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F927071142&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperiodika.lndb.lv%2Fperiodika2-viewer%2F%3Flang%3Dfr%23panel%3Apa%26%23124%3Bissue%3A3821%26%23124%3Barticle%3ADIVL51%26%23124%3Bquery%3Aordeni%2520orde%25C5%2586a%2520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/aikalais/1934/"><i>Aikalaiskirja 1934</i></a> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. 1933. p. 646. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29172397">29172397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aikalaiskirja+1934&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pages=646&rft.pub=Otava&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29172397&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Faikalais%2F1934%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vas.muuseum.ee/vr-diplomid.pdf">"Vabaduse Risti diplomid"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Estonian). Vabadussõja Ajaloo Seltsist. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vabaduse+Risti+diplomid&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Vabaduss%C3%B5ja+Ajaloo+Seltsist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvas.muuseum.ee%2Fvr-diplomid.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/047826">Newspaper clippings about Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suomenpresidentit.fi/stahlberg/?lang=en">K. J. Ståhlberg</a> in The Presidents of Finland</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blf.fi/artikel.php?id=626">"Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biografiskt_lexikon_f%C3%B6r_Finland" title="Biografiskt lexikon för Finland">Biografiskt lexikon för Finland</a></i> (in Swedish). Helsingfors: <a href="/wiki/Svenska_litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet_i_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland">Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">urn</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:sls-4133-1416928956739">NBN:fi:sls-4133-1416928956739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg&rft.btitle=Biografiskt+lexikon+f%C3%B6r+Finland&rft.place=Helsingfors&rft.pub=Svenska+litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet+i+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblf.fi%2Fartikel.php%3Fid%3D626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaarlo+Juho+St%C3%A5hlberg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oskari_Tokoi" title="Oskari Tokoi">Oskari Tokoi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Finland" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Finland">Speaker of the Parliament of Finland</a> </b><br />1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kullervo_Manner" title="Kullervo Manner">Kullervo Manner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim</a><br />as Regent of Finland</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> </b><br />26 July 1919 – 2 March 1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kristian Relander</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_Finland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Finland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">Presidents of Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">K. J. Ståhlberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919–1925)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauri_Kristian_Relander" title="Lauri Kristian Relander">Lauri Kr. Relander</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–1931)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_Evind_Svinhufvud" title="Pehr Evind Svinhufvud">P. E. Svinhufvud</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931–1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C3%B6sti_Kallio" title="Kyösti Kallio">Kyösti Kallio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937–1940)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risto_Ryti" title="Risto Ryti">Risto Ryti</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940–1944)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">C. G. E. Mannerheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–1946)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi" title="Juho Kusti Paasikivi">J. K. Paasikivi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946–1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauno_Koivisto" title="Mauno Koivisto">Mauno Koivisto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1982–1994)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarja_Halonen" title="Tarja Halonen">Tarja Halonen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000–2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauli_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Sauli Niinistö">Sauli Niinistö</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" 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role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214029#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054880462">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15835304">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34208/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrCdjHmbp6qkMJWkMV9jC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128938560">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043708">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb103774587">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb103774587">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjlbcn2mr4q50">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007596692205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000076971">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128938560.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_Ståhlberg&oldid=1254153789">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaarlo_Juho_Ståhlberg&oldid=1254153789</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1865_births" title="Category:1865 births">1865 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_deaths" title="Category:1952 deaths">1952 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Helsinki" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of Helsinki">Academic staff of the University of Helsinki</a></li><li><a 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