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hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">fela</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Flakk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Forsíða Wikipedia [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forsíða</span></a></li><li id="n-Úrvalsefni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1tt:%C3%9Arvalsefni"><span>Úrvalsefni</span></a></li><li id="n-Efnisyfirlit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:Efnisyfirlit"><span>Efnisyfirlit</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Handah%C3%B3fsvalin_s%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Handahófsvalin síða [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Handahófsvalin síða</span></a></li><li id="n-help" 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nýlegar breytingar</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:N%C3%BDjustu_greinar"><span>Nýjustu greinar</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Samf%C3%A9lagsg%C3%A1tt" title="Um verkefnið, hvernig er hægt að hjálpa og hvar á að byrja"><span>Samfélagsgátt</span></a></li><li id="n-Potturinn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Potturinn"><span>Potturinn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Frjálsa alfræðiritið" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-is.svg" width="118" height="12" style="width: 7.375em; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Saga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Saga</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saga-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Saga undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fyrirrennarar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fyrirrennarar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fyrirrennarar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fyrirrennarar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Þróun_Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Þróun_Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Þróun Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Þróun_Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almenn_notkun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almenn_notkun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Almenn notkun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almenn_notkun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uppbygging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uppbygging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uppbygging</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uppbygging-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Uppbygging undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uppbygging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notendaskil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notendaskil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Notendaskil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notendaskil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nokkrar_útgáfur_GNU/Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nokkrar_útgáfur_GNU/Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nokkrar útgáfur GNU/Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nokkrar_útgáfur_GNU/Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Efnisyfirlit" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Linux</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 159 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-159" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">159 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – akkíska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="akkíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%91%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ሊኑክስ – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊኑክስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – angíka" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angíka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="لينكس – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لينكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%A3" title="ܠܝܢܘܟܣ – arameíska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܝܢܘܟܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3" title="لينوكس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لينوكس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="لينكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="লীনাক্স – assamska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লীনাক্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینوکس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لینوکس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="লিনাক্স – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিনাক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – búgíska" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="búgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینوکس – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لینوکس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – korsíska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kasúbíska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasúbíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lágsorbneska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lágsorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینوکس – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لینوکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – gvaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="לינוקס – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינוקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – hásorbneska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hásorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Լինուքս – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լինուքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Լինուքս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լինուքս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.linuks." title="la .linuks. – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .linuks." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kabíle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabíle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%85" title="លីនុច – kmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីនុច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿನಕ್ಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿನಕ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%88%85%EC%8A%A4" title="리눅스 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리눅스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_(Bedriefsystem)" title="Linux (Bedriefsystem) – kölníska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Linux (Bedriefsystem)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – komíska" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lígúríska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lombardíska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%8C" title="ລີນຸກຊ໌ – laó" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລີນຸກຊ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux" title="GNU/Linux – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNU/Linux" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="လင်းနပ်စ် – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လင်းနပ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – lágsaxneska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लिनक्स – nepalska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिनक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="लाइनक्स – nevarí" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लाइनक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8" title="ଲିନକ୍ସ – óría" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିନକ୍ସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="óría" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Линукс – ossetíska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Линукс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲਿਨਅਕਸ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਨਅਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لینکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لينوکس – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لينوکس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Лінукс – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лінукс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – jakút" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakút" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – sardínska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="لينڪس – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لينڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ලිනක්ස් – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිනක්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_(opera%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m)" title="Linux (operačný systém) – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Linux (operačný systém)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – sómalska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="sómalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – slesíska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="லினக்சு – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லினக்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="లినక్స్ – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లినక్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – tetúm" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetúm" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ลินุกซ์ – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลินุกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – údmúrt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="údmúrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="لینکس – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لینکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – feneyska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="feneyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="לינוקס – jiddíska" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לינוקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – jórúba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jórúba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – súang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="súang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="林納斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="林納斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Linux" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Útlit</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">fela</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Úr Wikipediu, frjálsa alfræðiritinu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="is" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Tux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/220px-Tux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/330px-Tux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/440px-Tux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Mörgæsin Tux er lukkudýr Linux.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Linux</b> (eða <b>GNU/Linux</b>) er <a href="/wiki/UNIX-legt" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX-legt">UNIX-legt</a> og <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX-samhæft</a> <a href="/wiki/Frj%C3%A1ls_hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Frjáls hugbúnaður">frjálst</a> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%BDrikerfi" title="Stýrikerfi">stýrikerfi</a> sem samanstendur af <a href="/wiki/Linuxkjarninn" title="Linuxkjarninn">Linuxkjarnanum</a> og ýmsum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfishugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerfishugbúnaður (síða er ekki enn til)">kerfishugbúnaði</a>, þar á meðal <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU-tólum</a>. Stýrikerfið dregur nafn sitt af finnska forritaranum <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> sem gaf út fyrstu útgáfu Linuxkjarnans 5. október 1991. <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> sem þróuðu GNU-tólin hafa barist fyrir því að stýrikerfið sé kallað „GNU/Linux“ til að leggja áherslu á framlag GNU-verkefnisins til hugbúnaðarins, en það er umdeilt. </p><p>Upphaflega var Linux þróað sem stýrikerfi fyrir tölvur með <a href="/wiki/Intel_x86" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel x86">Intel x86-samhæfða</a> örgjörva en það hefur síðan þá verið þýtt fyrir fleiri vélbúnaðarútfærslur en nokkuð annað stýrikerfi. Linux (þ.e. kjarninn) er vinsælasta stýrikerfi í heimi (þó ekki í GNU/Linux formi) vegna <a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android-stýrikerfisins</a>, sem notast við Linux kjarnann og er mikið notað í <a href="/wiki/Snjalls%C3%ADmi" title="Snjallsími">snjallsíma</a> og <a href="/wiki/Spjaldt%C3%B6lva" title="Spjaldtölva">spjaldtölvur</a>. Linux er líka allsráðandi á <a href="/wiki/Ofurt%C3%B6lva" title="Ofurtölva">ofurtölvum</a> (allar á TOP500 nota síðan í nóvember 2017), og er leiðandi stýrikerfi á <a href="/wiki/Net%C3%BEj%C3%B3nn" class="mw-redirect" title="Netþjónn">netþjónum</a> (með fáa keppinauta) en er einungis með 2,3% hlut á <a href="/wiki/Bor%C3%B0t%C3%B6lva" title="Borðtölva">borðtölvum</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_OS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome OS (síða er ekki enn til)">Chrome OS</a> sem líka er byggt á Linux er algengt á ódýrum <a href="/wiki/Fart%C3%B6lva" title="Fartölva">fartölvum</a>. Linux er líka algengt sem <a href="/wiki/Fastb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Fastbúnaður">fastbúnaður</a> í <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dvafskerfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ívafskerfi (síða er ekki enn til)">ívafskerfum</a> eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj%C3%B3nvarpst%C3%B6lva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjónvarpstölva (síða er ekki enn til)">sjónvarpstölvum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beinir" title="Beinir">beinum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Snjall%C3%BAr" title="Snjallúr">snjallúrum</a> þar sem stýrikerfið er sérsniðið að vélbúnaðinum. </p><p>Þróun Linux er eitt þekktasta dæmið um <a href="/wiki/Frj%C3%A1ls_og_opinn_hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Frjáls og opinn hugbúnaður">frjálsa og opna hugbúnaðarþróun</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frumk%C3%B3%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frumkóði (síða er ekki enn til)">Frumkóði</a> stýrikerfisins er aðgengilegur og má nota, breyta og dreifa samkvæmt skilyrðum opinna <a href="/wiki/Hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0arleyfi" title="Hugbúnaðarleyfi">hugbúnaðarleyfa</a> eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_General_Public_License&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU General Public License (síða er ekki enn til)">GNU General Public License</a>, hvort sem er í fjárhagslegum tilgangi eða ekki. Linux fyrir notendatölvur og netþjóna kemur yfirleitt fyrir sem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linuxdreifingar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linuxdreifingar (síða er ekki enn til)">dreifingarútgáfa</a> sem inniheldur Linuxkjarnann, kerfishugbúnað, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forritunarsafn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forritunarsafn (síða er ekki enn til)">forritunarsöfn</a> og mikinn fjölda <a href="/wiki/Notendaforrit" title="Notendaforrit">notendaforrita</a> sem eru sniðin að markhópi útgáfunnar. Algengar Linuxútgáfur eru <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linux Mint (síða er ekki enn til)">Linux Mint</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedora (síða er ekki enn til)">Fedora</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSUSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenSUSE (síða er ekki enn til)">openSUSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentoo (síða er ekki enn til)">Gentoo</a> og leyfisskyldu útgáfurnar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux (síða er ekki enn til)">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (síða er ekki enn til)">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a>. </p><p>Linuxútgáfur fyrir borðtölvur eru oftast með <a href="/wiki/Gluggakerfi" title="Gluggakerfi">gluggakerfi</a> eins og <a href="/wiki/X11" class="mw-redirect" title="X11">X11</a>, eða <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayland (síða er ekki enn til)">Wayland</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Skj%C3%A1bor%C3%B0sumhverfi" title="Skjáborðsumhverfi">skjáborðsumhverfi</a> eins og <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> eða <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>. Sumar útgáfur notast við léttari skjáborð eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=LXDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LXDE (síða er ekki enn til)">LXDE</a> eða <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a>. Útgáfur fyrir netþjóna eru oft lausar við <a href="/wiki/Myndr%C3%A6n_notendaskil" class="mw-redirect" title="Myndræn notendaskil">myndræn notendaskil</a> eða bjóða upp á þau sem valkost en innihalda gjarnan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C3%B0b%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miðbúnaður (síða er ekki enn til)">miðbúnað</a> eins og <a href="/wiki/LAMP" title="LAMP">LAMP-hugbúnaðarstæðuna</a>. Þar sem Linux er frjáls hugbúnaður getur hver sem er búið til eigin útgáfu miðað við ætluð not. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saga">Saga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Saga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Saga"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fyrirrennarar">Fyrirrennarar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Fyrirrennarar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fyrirrennarar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stýrikerfið <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> var búið til árið 1969 í rannsóknarstofnun bandaríska símafyrirtækisins <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_Labs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell Labs (síða er ekki enn til)">Bell Labs</a>, af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Thompson (síða er ekki enn til)">Ken Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_McIlroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas McIlroy (síða er ekki enn til)">Douglas McIlroy</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Ossanna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Ossanna (síða er ekki enn til)">Joe Ossanna</a>. Fyrsta útgáfa þess var forrituð í <a href="/wiki/Smalam%C3%A1l" title="Smalamál">smalamáli</a> og var gefin út árið 1971. Síðar var stýrikerfið endurskrifað frá grunni í forritunarmálinu <a href="/wiki/C_(forritunarm%C3%A1l)" title="C (forritunarmál)">C</a> af Dennis Ritchie fyrir utan kjarnann og nokkra viðmótshluta. Með því að skrifa frumkóðann í <a href="/wiki/%C3%86%C3%B0ra_forritunarm%C3%A1l" title="Æðra forritunarmál">æðra forritunarmáli</a> var auðveldara að aðlaga kerfið að ólíkum vélbúnaði. </p><p>Vegna bandarískra laga um bann við einokun gat AT&T ekki hafið starfsemi í tölvugeiranum og neyddist til að gefa hverjum sem var leyfi til að nota hugbúnaðinn sem Bell Labs þróaði. Notkun Unix breiddist því hratt út meðal fyrirtækja og stofnana. Í kjölfar dómsmála sem neyddu AT&T til að skipta fyrirtækinu upp árið 1984 losaði það sig við Bell Labs sem við það varð sjálfstætt fyrirtæki og laust undan takmörkunum. Bell Labs hófu því að selja Unix sem leyfisskyldan hugbúnað. </p><p>Árið 1983 hóf <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> að þróa <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU-verkefnið</a> sem gekk út á að búa til fullbúið Unix-legt stýrikerfi sem væri eingöngu gert úr <a href="/wiki/Frj%C3%A1ls_hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Frjáls hugbúnaður">frjálsum hugbúnaði</a>. Árið 1985 stofnaði Stallman <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>. Hann samdi fyrstu útgáfu GPL-hugbúnaðarleyfisins árið 1989. Um 1990 voru hann og samstarfsfólk hans búin að þróa mikið af grunnhugbúnaði stýrikerfisins eins og <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BD%C3%B0andi_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Þýðandi (tölvunarfræði)">þýðanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textaritill" title="Textaritill">textaritla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skel_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skel (tölvunarfræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">Unix-skel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gluggakerfi" title="Gluggakerfi">gluggakerfi</a>, en vantaði enn <a href="/wiki/St%C3%BDrikerfiskjarni" title="Stýrikerfiskjarni">kjarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rekill_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Rekill (tölvunarfræði)">rekla</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%BAki_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Púki (tölvunarfræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">púka</a>. </p><p>Um sama leyti voru hjónin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynne_Jolitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynne Jolitz (síða er ekki enn til)">Lynne Jolitz</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jolitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Jolitz (síða er ekki enn til)">William Jolitz</a> byrjuð að þróa eigin útgáfu af Unix, <a href="/w/index.php?title=386BSD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="386BSD (síða er ekki enn til)">386BSD</a>, sem byggði á <a href="/wiki/Kaliforn%C3%ADuh%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li_%C3%AD_Berkeley" title="Kaliforníuháskóli í Berkeley">Berkeley-útgáfu</a> Unix, <a href="/wiki/BSD" title="BSD">BSD</a>, sem dreift var innan háskólans. Vegna leyfisvandamála kom fyrsta útgáfa þess ekki út fyrr en árið 1992. Stýrikerfin <a href="/w/index.php?title=NetBSD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NetBSD (síða er ekki enn til)">NetBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> og <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> eru afkomendur 386BSD. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>, höfundur Linux, hefur sagt að ef hann hefði haft aðgang að frjálsum stýrikerfiskjarna á borð við hinn vænta GNU-kjarna eða 386BSD hefði hann líklega aldrei byrjað að þróa Linuxkjarnann. </p><p>Árið 1987 gaf bandarískur tölvunarfræðikennari við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrije_Universiteit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrije Universiteit (síða er ekki enn til)">Vrije Universiteit</a> í Amsterdam, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_S._Tanenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew S. Tanenbaum (síða er ekki enn til)">Andrew S. Tanenbaum</a>, út kennslubók í forritun stýrikerfa, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operating_Systems:_Design_and_Implementation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (síða er ekki enn til)">Operating Systems: Design and Implementation</a></i>. Bókin innihélt útfærslu á Unix-legu stýrikerfi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MINIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MINIX (síða er ekki enn til)">MINIX</a>, sem var skrifuð frá grunni og fyrst og fremst hugsuð sem námstæki. Ástæðan var sú að Tanenbaum hafði áður notað frumkóða Unix við kennslu en gat það ekki lengur vegna breytinga á notkunarleyfum Bell Labs. Þótt frumkóði MINIX væri þannig aðgengilegur var einungis heimilt að nota hann til kennslu til ársins 2000 þegar hann kom út með frjálsu leyfi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Þróun_Linux"><span id=".C3.9Er.C3.B3un_Linux"></span>Þróun Linux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Þróun Linux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Þróun Linux"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Linux_0_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Linux_0_12.jpg/220px-Linux_0_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Linux_0_12.jpg/330px-Linux_0_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Linux_0_12.jpg/440px-Linux_0_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="1501" /></a><figcaption>Tveir disklingar með einni af fyrstu útgáfum Linux</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> var nemandi í <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Tölvunarfræði">tölvunarfræði</a> við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helsinkih%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helsinkiháskóli (síða er ekki enn til)">Helsinkiháskóla</a> og hóf að þróa eigin stýrikerfiskjarna árið 1991 vegna þess að hann var óánægður með takmarkanirnar sem giltu um notkun MINIX-kóðans í bók Tanenbaums. Kerfið var þróað fyrir 80386-örgjörvann í tölvu Torvalds og hann notaði GNU C-þýðandann. 25. ágúst 1991 setti hann kerfið sem hann hafði skrifað á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usenet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usenet (síða er ekki enn til)">Usenet-hópinn</a> comp.os.minix og óskaði eftir tillögum að úrbótum. </p><p>Upphaflega var kjarninn með notkunarleyfi sem takmarkaði notkun í fjárhagslegum tilgangi en árið eftir var hann gefinn út með sama GPL-leyfi og GNU-hugbúnaðurinn sem hann notaði. Ýmsir urðu til þess að taka þátt í þróun kjarnans og aðlaga allan GNU-hugbúnaðinn fyrir hann sem gerði Linux að fullbúnu stýrikerfi. </p><p>Upphaflega vildi Torvalds kalla kerfið Freax en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ari_Lemmke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ari Lemmke (síða er ekki enn til)">Ari Lemmke</a>, einum af samstarfsmönnum hans, líkaði ekki við það nafn og tók upp á því að kalla það Linux. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Almenn_notkun">Almenn notkun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Almenn notkun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Almenn notkun"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notkun stýrikerfisins í vinnsluumhverfi hófst eftir miðjan <a href="/wiki/1991-2000" title="1991-2000">10. áratug</a> 20. aldar. Stofnanir á borð við <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> hófu að skipta út dýrum <a href="/wiki/Ofurt%C3%B6lva" title="Ofurtölva">ofurtölvum</a> fyrir <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B6lvuklasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tölvuklasi (síða er ekki enn til)">tölvuklasa</a> sem notuðu Linux. Í kjölfarið hófu fyrirtæki á borð við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dell (síða er ekki enn til)">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hewlett-Packard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hewlett-Packard (síða er ekki enn til)">Hewlett-Packard</a> að bjóða stuðning við Linux til að komast undan ofurvaldi <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> á borðtölvumarkaðnum. </p><p>Linux náði fljótlega miklum vinsældum sem stýrikerfi fyrir <a href="/wiki/Net%C3%BEj%C3%B3nn" class="mw-redirect" title="Netþjónn">netþjóna</a> þar sem það bauð upp á frjálsa hugbúnaðarstæðu fyrir <a href="/wiki/Vef%C3%BEj%C3%B3nn" title="Vefþjónn">vefþjónustur</a> með <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apache (síða er ekki enn til)">Apache-vefþjóninum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gagna%C3%BEj%C3%B3nn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gagnaþjónn (síða er ekki enn til)">gagnaþjóna</a> á borð við <a href="/w/index.php?title=MySQL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MySQL (síða er ekki enn til)">MySQL</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=PostgreSQL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PostgreSQL (síða er ekki enn til)">PostgreSQL</a> og vefforritunarmálin <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perl (síða er ekki enn til)">Perl</a> og <a href="/wiki/Python" class="mw-redirect" title="Python">Python</a>, svokallaða <a href="/wiki/LAMP" title="LAMP">LAMP-hugbúnaðarstæðu</a>. Talið er að tæp 60% allra netþjóna keyri á Linux. </p><p>Notkun Linux á notendatölvum óx hins vegar hægt en þar hefur <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> lengi verið með yfirburðastöðu. Linux hefur verið lýst sem of tæknilegu kerfi fyrir almenna notendur auk þess sem takmarkaður stuðningur við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%B0art%C3%A6ki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaðartæki (síða er ekki enn til)">jaðartæki</a> stóð notkun þess fyrir þrifum. Lengi vel var hlutur Linux á borðtölvum talinn vera innan við 1% en er nú talinn vera milli 2,5% og 3,5% (um 2,5% á Íslandi).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nýjar notendavænni dreifingarútgáfur á borð við <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> (frá 2004) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linux Mint (síða er ekki enn til)">Linux Mint</a> (frá 2006) áttu stóran þátt í að auka almenna notkun stýrikerfisins á notendatölvum. </p><p>Árið 2008 setti <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android-stýrikerfið</a> á markað, en það notast við Linuxkjarna og sérstakt notendaviðmót sem er skrifað að hluta í <a href="/wiki/Java_(forritunarm%C3%A1l)" title="Java (forritunarmál)">Java</a>. Það er því umdeilt hvort Android telst sérstakt stýrikerfi eða útgáfa af Linux. Android er með tæplega 60% markaðshlutdeild á snjallsíma- og spjaldtölvumarkaðnum (tæp 40% á Íslandi)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrome_OS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrome OS (síða er ekki enn til)">Chrome OS</a>, sem líka er frá Google, notar líka Linuxkjarnann. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uppbygging">Uppbygging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Uppbygging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Uppbygging"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linux-kerfi er einingaskipt <a href="/wiki/Unix-legt" title="Unix-legt">Unix-legt</a> stýrikerfi sem byggist að mestu á þeim hönnunarviðmiðum sem höfð voru til hliðsjónar við hönnun <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> á <a href="/wiki/1961-1970" title="1961-1970">7.</a> og <a href="/wiki/1971-1980" title="1971-1980">8. áratug</a> 20. aldar. Linux er með samfelldan <a href="/wiki/St%C3%BDrikerfiskjarni" title="Stýrikerfiskjarni">stýrikerfiskjarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux-kjarninn" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux-kjarninn">Linux-kjarnann</a>, sem sér um ferlastýringu og aðgang að <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%B0art%C3%A6ki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaðartæki (síða er ekki enn til)">jaðartækjum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Skr%C3%A1arkerfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Skráarkerfi">skráarkerfum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rekill" title="Rekill">Reklar</a> eru ýmist felldir inn í kjarnann eða hlaðið inn eftir þörfum á keyrslutíma. </p><p>Stór hluti af virkni Linux-kerfa kemur úr hugbúnaði sem þróaður er af öðrum aðilum og sem er samhæfður fyrir Linux-kjarnann. Hugbúnaður frá <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU-verkefninu</a> er mikilvægur hluti af Linux-kerfum. Þaðan kemur algengasta útfærsla aðgerðasafns forritunarmálsins <a href="/wiki/C_(forritunarm%C3%A1l)" title="C (forritunarmál)">C</a>, algeng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skel_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skel (tölvunarfræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">skipanalínuskel</a> og mörg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix-t%C3%B3l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unix-tól (síða er ekki enn til)">Unix-tól</a> sem sjá um algengar grunnaðgerðir stýrikerfisins. <a href="/wiki/Myndr%C3%A6n_notendaskil" class="mw-redirect" title="Myndræn notendaskil">Myndræn notendaskil</a> í Linux byggja á einni útfærslu <a href="/wiki/X-gluggakerfi%C3%B0" title="X-gluggakerfið">X-gluggakerfisins</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayland-sta%C3%B0allinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayland-staðallinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Wayland-staðallinn</a> hefur rutt sér til rúms í stað X, á t.d. Fedora og frá og með Ubuntu 17.10, þar sem mikið af virkni X-kerfisins er nú orðin hluti af Linux-kjarnanum. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Lagskipting Linux-kerfa sem sýnir aðskilnað <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notendar%C3%BDmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notendarými (síða er ekki enn til)">notendarýmis</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjarnar%C3%BDmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjarnarými (síða er ekki enn til)">kjarnarýmis</a>. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="width: 10%">Notendarými </th> <td colspan="1" style="width: 10%"><b>Notendahugbúnaður</b> </td> <td colspan="5" style="width: 80%">Til dæmis <a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">bash</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LibreOffice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LibreOffice (síða er ekki enn til)">LibreOffice</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_OpenOffice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apache OpenOffice (síða er ekki enn til)">Apache OpenOffice</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blender_(hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blender (hugbúnaður) (síða er ekki enn til)">Blender</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_A.D.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="0 A.D. (síða er ekki enn til)">0 A.D.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>, o.s.frv. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 20%">Kerfishugbúnaður: </td> <td colspan="1" style="width: 18%; background-color: #9db5f9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%BAki_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Púki (tölvunarfræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">Kerfispúkar</a></b>:<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systemd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systemd (síða er ekki enn til)">systemd</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Runit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runit (síða er ekki enn til)">runit</a>, logind, networkd, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PulseAudio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PulseAudio (síða er ekki enn til)">soundd</a>, ...</i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="width: 18%; background-color: #9db5f9"><b><a href="/wiki/Gluggakerfi" title="Gluggakerfi">Gluggakerfi</a></b>:<br /><i><a href="/wiki/X11" class="mw-redirect" title="X11">X11</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayland_(sta%C3%B0all)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayland (staðall) (síða er ekki enn til)">Wayland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_(hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir (hugbúnaður) (síða er ekki enn til)">Mir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SurfaceFlinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SurfaceFlinger (síða er ekki enn til)">SurfaceFlinger</a> (Android)</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="width: 36%; background-color: #ffac75"><b>Önnur aðgerðasöfn:</b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/GTK%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GTK+">GTK+</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qt_(hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qt (hugbúnaður) (síða er ekki enn til)">Qt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlightenment_Foundation_Libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (síða er ekki enn til)">EFL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_DirectMedia_Layer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple DirectMedia Layer (síða er ekki enn til)">SDL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_and_Fast_Multimedia_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple and Fast Multimedia Library (síða er ekki enn til)">SFML</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FLTK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FLTK (síða er ekki enn til)">FLTK</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNUstep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNUstep (síða er ekki enn til)">GNUstep</a></i>, o.s.frv. </td> <td colspan="1" style="width: 18%; background-color: #9db5f9"><b>Myndvinnsla</b>:<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesa_(myndvinnsla)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesa (myndvinnsla) (síða er ekki enn til)">Mesa</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMD_Catalyst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMD Catalyst (síða er ekki enn til)">AMD Catalyst</a></i>, ... </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #96d5aa"> <td colspan="1" style="width: 10%"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_standard_library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C standard library (síða er ekki enn til)">C standard library</a></b> </td> <td colspan="5" style="width: 80%"><code>open()</code>, <code>exec()</code>, <code>sbrk()</code>, <code>socket()</code>, <code>fopen()</code>, <code>calloc()</code>, ... (allt að 2000 <a href="/wiki/Stefja" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefja">stefjur</a>)<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_C_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU C Library (síða er ekki enn til)">glibc</a></i> stefnir að <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Single_UNIX_Specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single UNIX Specification (síða er ekki enn til)">SUS-samhæfingu</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=UClibc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UClibc (síða er ekki enn til)">uClibc</a></i> er fyrir ívafskerfi, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bionic_(hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bionic (hugbúnaður) (síða er ekki enn til)">bionic</a></i> skrifaður fyrir <a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a>, o.s.frv. </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="width: 10%">Kjarnarými </th> <td rowspan="3" style="width: 10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Linuxkjarninn" title="Linuxkjarninn">Linuxkjarninn</a></b> </td> <td colspan="5" style="width: 80%; background-color: #ffb7b7;"><code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stat_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stat (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">stat</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Splice_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Splice (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">splice</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dup_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dup (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">dup</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Read_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Read (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">read</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">open</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioctl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioctl (síða er ekki enn til)">ioctl</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Write_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Write (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">write</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mmap (síða er ekki enn til)">mmap</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">close</a></code>, <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exit_(kerfiskall)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exit (kerfiskall) (síða er ekki enn til)">exit</a></code>, o.s.frv. (um 380 kerfisköll)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiskall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerfiskall (síða er ekki enn til)">Kerfisviðmótið</a> í Linux (SCI) stefnir að <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Single_UNIX_Specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single UNIX Specification (síða er ekki enn til)">SUS-samhæfingu</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #ffb7b7;"> <td style="width: 18%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkr%C3%B6%C3%B0un&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkröðun (síða er ekki enn til)">Verkröðunar-</a><br />undirkerfi </td> <td style="width: 18%;">IPC-<br />undirkerfi </td> <td style="width: 18%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnisstj%C3%B3rnun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minnisstjórnun (síða er ekki enn til)">Minnisstjórnunar-</a><br />undirkerfi </td> <td style="width: 18%;">Sýndarskrár-<br />undirkerfi </td> <td style="width: 18%;">Net-<br />undirkerfi </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #ffb7b7;"> <td colspan="5" style="width: 80%;">Aðrir kerfishlutar: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (síða er ekki enn til)">ALSA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direct_Rendering_Infrastructure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direct Rendering Infrastructure (síða er ekki enn til)">DRI</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evdev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evdev (síða er ekki enn til)">evdev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logical Volume Manager (Linux) (síða er ekki enn til)">LVM</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Device_mapper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Device mapper (síða er ekki enn til)">device mapper</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux_Network_Scheduler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linux Network Scheduler (síða er ekki enn til)">Linux Network Scheduler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netfilter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netfilter (síða er ekki enn til)">Netfilter</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ryggishlutar_%C3%AD_Linux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öryggishlutar í Linux (síða er ekki enn til)">Öryggishlutar í Linux</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security-Enhanced_Linux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Security-Enhanced Linux (síða er ekki enn til)">SELinux</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=TOMOYO_Linux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOMOYO Linux (síða er ekki enn til)">TOMOYO</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=AppArmor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AppArmor (síða er ekki enn til)">AppArmor</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smack_(Linux)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smack (Linux) (síða er ekki enn til)">Smack</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #ffd99c;"> <th colspan="7" style="width: 100%">Vélbúnaður (<a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0verk" title="Miðverk">miðverk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinnsluminni" title="Vinnsluminni">vinnsluminni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gagnageymsla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gagnageymsla (síða er ekki enn til)">gagnageymslur</a>, o.s.frv.) </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Í dæmigerðri Linux-uppsetningu er eftirtalinn hugbúnaður: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A6sir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ræsir (síða er ekki enn til)">Ræsir</a> (til dæmis <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_GRUB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU GRUB (síða er ekki enn til)">GNU GRUB</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LILO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LILO (síða er ekki enn til)">LILO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SYSLINUX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SYSLINUX (síða er ekki enn til)">SYSLINUX</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gummiboot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gummiboot (síða er ekki enn til)">Gummiboot</a>) sem hleður kjarnann inn í vinnsluminni þegar kveikt er á tölvunni eftir að búið er að ræsa <a href="/wiki/Fastb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Fastbúnaður">fastbúnaðinn</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frumstilling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frumstilling (síða er ekki enn til)">Frumstillingarforrit</a> (til dæmis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sysvinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sysvinit (síða er ekki enn til)">sysvinit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systemd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systemd (síða er ekki enn til)">systemd</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenRC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenRC (síða er ekki enn til)">OpenRC</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upstart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upstart (síða er ekki enn til)">Upstart</a>) sem er fyrsta ferlið sem Linuxkjarninn setur í gang og er við upptök ferlatrésins. Frumstillingarforritið setur þannig alla aðra ferla í gang eins og kerfisþjónustur og innskráningarviðmót.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C3%B0ger%C3%B0asafn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aðgerðasafn (síða er ekki enn til)">Aðgerðasöfn</a> með kóða sem hugbúnaðurinn getur notað við keyrslu. Í Linux-kerfum sem nota <a href="/w/index.php?title=ELF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ELF (síða er ekki enn til)">ELF-keyrsluskrár</a> sér <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tengiforrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tengiforrit (síða er ekki enn til)">tengiforritið</a> <code>ld-linux.so</code> um tengingu forrita við aðgerðasöfn. Þegar kerfið er sett upp þannig að notendur geti sjálfir <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9E%C3%BD%C3%B0ing_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þýðing (tölvunarfræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">þýtt</a> frumkóða forrita fylgja aðgerðasöfnunum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausskr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hausskrá (síða er ekki enn til)">hausskrár</a> sem lýsa viðmóti þeirra. Mest notaða aðgerðasafnið er GNU-útfærslan á C-staðalaðgerðasafninu <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_lib_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU lib C (síða er ekki enn til)">GNU lib C</a> (<code>glibc</code>) en dæmigerð Linux-uppsetning er með mörg hundruð aðgerðasöfn. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C-sta%C3%B0ala%C3%B0ger%C3%B0asafni%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C-staðalaðgerðasafnið (síða er ekki enn til)">C-staðalaðgerðasafnið</a> er nauðsynlegt til að hægt sé að keyra C-forrit á hvaða tölvu sem er. Í Linux-kerfum er GNU C-staðalaðgerðasafnið oftast notað þótt nokkrar aðrar útfærslur séu til, eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=EGLIBC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EGLIBC (síða er ekki enn til)">EGLIBC</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=UClibc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UClibc (síða er ekki enn til)">uClibc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%B0fangasafn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viðfangasafn (síða er ekki enn til)">Viðfangasöfn</a> eru aðgerðasöfn sem gera hugbúnaði kleift að setja upp <a href="/wiki/Myndr%C3%A6n_notendaskil" class="mw-redirect" title="Myndræn notendaskil">myndræn notendaskil</a>. Fjöldi slíkra safna er til fyrir Linux eins og <a href="/wiki/GTK%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GTK+">GTK+</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clutter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clutter (síða er ekki enn til)">Clutter</a> (úr <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME-verkefninu</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qt (síða er ekki enn til)">Qt</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlightenment_Foundation_Libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (síða er ekki enn til)">Enlightenment Foundation Libraries</a> (EFL).</li></ul></li> <li>Notendaskil eins og <a href="/wiki/Skipanal%C3%ADnuvi%C3%B0m%C3%B3t" title="Skipanalínuviðmót">skipanalínuviðmót</a> eða <a href="/wiki/Gluggakerfi" title="Gluggakerfi">gluggakerfi</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notendaskil">Notendaskil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Notendaskil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Notendaskil"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Notendaskil" class="mw-redirect" title="Notendaskil">Notendaskilin</a> í Linux, líka kölluð <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skel_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skel (tölvunarfræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">skelin</a>, er annað hvort <a href="/wiki/Skipanal%C3%ADnuvi%C3%B0m%C3%B3t" title="Skipanalínuviðmót">skipanalínuviðmót</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myndr%C3%A6n_notendaskil" class="mw-redirect" title="Myndræn notendaskil">myndræn notendaskil</a> eða vélræn stjórntæki í <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dvafskerfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ívafskerfi (síða er ekki enn til)">ívafskerfum</a>. Á borðtölvum eru myndræn notendaskil oftast sjálfgefin en skipanalínuviðmótið er aðgengilegt í gegnum <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Atst%C3%B6%C3%B0varhermir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Útstöðvarhermir (síða er ekki enn til)">útstöðvarhermi</a> eða <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BDndar%C3%BAtst%C3%B6%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sýndarútstöð (síða er ekki enn til)">sýndarútstöð</a>. </p><p>Skipanalínuviðmót eru textaviðmót sem notast við texta fyrir bæði inntak og úttak. Langalgengasta Linux-skelin er <a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">bash</a> (<i>Bourne-Again Shell</i>) sem var upphaflega þróuð á vegum GNU-verkefnisins. Mest af grunnhugbúnaði Linux, þar á meðal mikið af notendahugbúnaði, notast eingöngu við skipanalínuviðmót. Slíkt viðmót hentar sérstaklega vel fyrir sjálfvirka keyrslu og samkeyrslu margra forrita og gerir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milliferlasamskipti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milliferlasamskipti (síða er ekki enn til)">milliferlasamskipti</a> einföld. </p><p>Á borðtölvum er algengast að notast við myndræn notendaskil sem sett eru saman í heildstæð <a href="/wiki/Skj%C3%A1bor%C3%B0sumhverfi" title="Skjáborðsumhverfi">skjáborðsumhverfi</a> eins og <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MATE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MATE (síða er ekki enn til)">MATE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamon (síða er ekki enn til)">Cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unity" title="Unity">Unity</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LXDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LXDE (síða er ekki enn til)">LXDE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantheon_(skj%C3%A1bor%C3%B0sumhverfi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantheon (skjáborðsumhverfi) (síða er ekki enn til)">Pantheon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a>. Algengustu notendaskilin byggja á <a href="/wiki/X-gluggakerfi%C3%B0" title="X-gluggakerfið">X-gluggakerfinu</a> (kallað „X“ eða „X11“) sem er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netgagns%C3%A6i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netgagnsæi (síða er ekki enn til)">netgagnsætt</a> og leyfir forriti sem keyrir á einu kerfi að birta notendaskil á öðru. Sumar viðbætur X-kerfisins virka þó ekki yfir net. <a href="/wiki/Gluggastj%C3%B3ri" title="Gluggastjóri">Gluggastjóri</a> eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutter (síða er ekki enn til)">Mutter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=KWin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KWin (síða er ekki enn til)">KWin</a> eða <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xfwm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xfwm (síða er ekki enn til)">Xfwm</a>, er hluti af dæmigerðu skjáborðsumhverfi. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayland-sta%C3%B0allinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayland-staðallinn (síða er ekki enn til)">Wayland-staðallinn</a> er nýr staðall fyrir gluggaþjóna sem hugmyndin er að taki við af X11-þjóninum, en árið 2016 var X11 enn útbreiddastur. Ólíkt X11 þarf Wayland ekki utanaðkomandi gluggastjóra og gluggasetjara. Staðlaða útfærsla Wayland er Weston, en verið er að aðlaga bæði KWin (KDE) og Mutter (GNOME) fyrir Wayland-staðalinn. Enlightenment var aðlagaður í útgáfu 19. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nokkrar_útgáfur_GNU/Linux"><span id="Nokkrar_.C3.BAtg.C3.A1fur_GNU.2FLinux"></span>Nokkrar útgáfur GNU/Linux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Nokkrar útgáfur GNU/Linux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Nokkrar útgáfur GNU/Linux"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> GNU/Linux</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedora (síða er ekki enn til)">Fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentoo (síða er ekki enn til)">Gentoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandrake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandrake (síða er ekki enn til)">Mandrake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Hat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Hat (síða er ekki enn til)">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linux&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870430">.mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1898326">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/#desktop-os-ww-monthly-201506-201506-bar">„Top 7 Desktop OSs on June 2015“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13. nóvember 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+7+Desktop+OSs+on+June+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2F%23desktop-os-ww-monthly-201506-201506-bar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ALinux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1898326" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gs.statcounter.com/#mobile+tablet-os-ww-monthly-201506-201506-bar">„Top 8 Mobile and Tablet Operating Systems June 2015“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13. nóvember 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+8+Mobile+and+Tablet+Operating+Systems+June+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgs.statcounter.com%2F%23mobile%2Btablet-os-ww-monthly-201506-201506-bar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3ALinux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870435">.mw-parser-output .t-stub{clear:both;background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:5px;padding-left:10px;text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:1em;color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .t-stub{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .t-stub{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="t-stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg/30px-Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg/45px-Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg/60px-Oxygen480-categories-applications-other.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span>  <i>Þessi <a href="/wiki/Hugb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Hugbúnaður">hugbúnaðar</a>grein er <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stubbur" title="Wikipedia:Stubbur">stubbur</a>. 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>159 tungumál</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Bæta við umræðu</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-58f486c48d-htc5r","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.170","walltime":"0.219","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1727,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":7212,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1537,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7867,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 138.914 1 -total"," 84.39% 117.234 2 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