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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title data-react-helmet="true">How Unpaywall is transforming open science</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, viewport-fit=cover"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:site_name" content="scite.ai"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:type" content="website"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:site" content="@scite"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="title" content="How Unpaywall is transforming open science"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="How Unpaywall is transforming open science"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:title" content="How Unpaywall is transforming open science"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" 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";visibility:hidden;white-space:pre;grid-area:1/2;font:inherit;min-width:2px;border:0;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0;}</style><div class=" css-19bb58m" data-value=""><input class="" style="label:input;color:inherit;background:0;opacity:1;width:100%;grid-area:1 / 2;font:inherit;min-width:2px;border:0;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0" autoCapitalize="none" autoComplete="off" autoCorrect="off" id="react-select-105489-input" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" type="text" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="combobox" aria-describedby="react-select-105489-placeholder" value=""/></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1wy0on6">.css-1wy0on6{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class=" css-1wy0on6"><style data-emotion="css 1u9des2-indicatorSeparator">.css-1u9des2-indicatorSeparator{-webkit-align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;width:1px;background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 80%);margin-bottom:8px;margin-top:8px;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><span class=" css-1u9des2-indicatorSeparator"></span><style data-emotion="css 1xc3v61-indicatorContainer">.css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-transition:color 150ms;transition:color 150ms;color:hsl(0, 0%, 80%);padding:8px;box-sizing:border-box;}.css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer:hover{color:hsl(0, 0%, 60%);}</style><div class=" css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer" aria-hidden="true"><style data-emotion="css 8mmkcg">.css-8mmkcg{display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;line-height:1;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:0;}</style><svg height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="css-8mmkcg"><path d="M4.516 7.548c0.436-0.446 1.043-0.481 1.576 0l3.908 3.747 3.908-3.747c0.533-0.481 1.141-0.446 1.574 0 0.436 0.445 0.408 1.197 0 1.615-0.406 0.418-4.695 4.502-4.695 4.502-0.217 0.223-0.502 0.335-0.787 0.335s-0.57-0.112-0.789-0.335c0 0-4.287-4.084-4.695-4.502s-0.436-1.17 0-1.615z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Methods</span></label><span><span>2</span></span></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Access To Articles</span></label><span><span>2</span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div class="FilterCard__filterCardHeader___puB2k" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Expand Citation Types"><div class="FilterCard__tooltip___q395i Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><p class="FilterCard__header___dRl1u Paragraph__body____m5FY Paragraph__bold___PhFOq">Citation Types </p><i class="FilterCard__icon___iqNMr fa fa-info-circle"></i></div></div><div class=""><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Supporting</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">0</span></div></div><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Mentioning</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">18</span></div></div><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Contrasting</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">0</span></div></div><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Unclassified</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--unclassified___Wc9aa icon-unclassified"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">1</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div class="FilterCard__filterCardHeader___puB2k" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Expand Year Published"><p class="FilterCard__header___dRl1u Paragraph__body____m5FY Paragraph__bold___PhFOq">Year Published </p></div><div class="Filters__yearRange___mtpTm"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barChartContainer___fOCtc"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barChart___J1Zgl"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:4.8rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:4.1344949575045735rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:2.0672474787522868rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:2.0672474787522868rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:0rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:2.0672474787522868rem"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div aria-disabled="false" class="undefined InputRangeFilter__range___i8qUt"><span class="InputRangeFilter__hide___cvWG2 input-range__label--min"><span class="input-range__label-container InputRangeFilter__labelContainer___UOzQG">2019</span></span><div class="InputRangeFilter__track___Fdwrd input-range__track--background"><div style="left:0%;width:100%" class="InputRangeFilter__track___Fdwrd InputRangeFilter__activeTrack___Xb3wK"></div><span class="input-range__slider-container" style="position:absolute;left:0%"><span class="InputRangeFilter__label___uyn35 InputRangeFilter__labelValue___vCEiN InputRangeFilter__labelBottom___LxO3k"><span class="input-range__label-container InputRangeFilter__labelContainer___UOzQG">2019</span></span><div aria-valuemax="2024" aria-valuemin="2019" aria-valuenow="2019" class="InputRangeFilter__slider___CpeJ9" draggable="false" role="slider" tabindex="0"></div></span><span class="input-range__slider-container" style="position:absolute;left:100%"><span class="InputRangeFilter__label___uyn35 InputRangeFilter__labelValue___vCEiN InputRangeFilter__labelBottom___LxO3k"><span class="input-range__label-container InputRangeFilter__labelContainer___UOzQG">2024</span></span><div aria-valuemax="2024" aria-valuemin="2019" aria-valuenow="2024" class="InputRangeFilter__slider___CpeJ9" draggable="false" role="slider" tabindex="0"></div></span></div><span class="InputRangeFilter__hide___cvWG2 input-range__label--max"><span class="input-range__label-container InputRangeFilter__labelContainer___UOzQG">2024</span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div class="FilterCard__filterCardHeader___puB2k" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Expand Publication Types"><p class="FilterCard__header___dRl1u Paragraph__body____m5FY Paragraph__bold___PhFOq">Publication Types </p></div><div><style data-emotion="css b62m3t-container">.css-b62m3t-container{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class=" css-b62m3t-container"><style data-emotion="css 7pg0cj-a11yText">.css-7pg0cj-a11yText{z-index:9999;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;width:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;}</style><span id="react-select-105490-live-region" class="css-7pg0cj-a11yText"></span><span aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="false" aria-relevant="additions text" class="css-7pg0cj-a11yText"></span><style data-emotion="css 13cymwt-control">.css-13cymwt-control{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:default;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;min-height:38px;outline:0!important;position:relative;-webkit-transition:all 100ms;transition:all 100ms;background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 100%);border-color:hsl(0, 0%, 80%);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;box-sizing:border-box;}.css-13cymwt-control:hover{border-color:hsl(0, 0%, 70%);}</style><div class=" css-13cymwt-control"><style data-emotion="css hlgwow">.css-hlgwow{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:grid;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;position:relative;overflow:hidden;padding:2px 8px;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class=" css-hlgwow"><style data-emotion="css 1jqq78o-placeholder">.css-1jqq78o-placeholder{grid-area:1/1/2/3;color:hsl(0, 0%, 50%);margin-left:2px;margin-right:2px;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class=" css-1jqq78o-placeholder" id="react-select-105490-placeholder">Select...</div><style data-emotion="css 19bb58m">.css-19bb58m{visibility:visible;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;display:inline-grid;grid-area:1/1/2/3;grid-template-columns:0 min-content;margin:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:2px;color:hsl(0, 0%, 20%);box-sizing:border-box;}.css-19bb58m:after{content:attr(data-value) " ";visibility:hidden;white-space:pre;grid-area:1/2;font:inherit;min-width:2px;border:0;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0;}</style><div class=" css-19bb58m" data-value=""><input class="" style="label:input;color:inherit;background:0;opacity:1;width:100%;grid-area:1 / 2;font:inherit;min-width:2px;border:0;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0" autoCapitalize="none" autoComplete="off" autoCorrect="off" id="react-select-105490-input" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" type="text" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="combobox" aria-describedby="react-select-105490-placeholder" value=""/></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1wy0on6">.css-1wy0on6{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class=" css-1wy0on6"><style data-emotion="css 1u9des2-indicatorSeparator">.css-1u9des2-indicatorSeparator{-webkit-align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;width:1px;background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 80%);margin-bottom:8px;margin-top:8px;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><span class=" css-1u9des2-indicatorSeparator"></span><style data-emotion="css 1xc3v61-indicatorContainer">.css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-transition:color 150ms;transition:color 150ms;color:hsl(0, 0%, 80%);padding:8px;box-sizing:border-box;}.css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer:hover{color:hsl(0, 0%, 60%);}</style><div class=" css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer" aria-hidden="true"><style data-emotion="css 8mmkcg">.css-8mmkcg{display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;line-height:1;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:0;}</style><svg height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="css-8mmkcg"><path d="M4.516 7.548c0.436-0.446 1.043-0.481 1.576 0l3.908 3.747 3.908-3.747c0.533-0.481 1.141-0.446 1.574 0 0.436 0.445 0.408 1.197 0 1.615-0.406 0.418-4.695 4.502-4.695 4.502-0.217 0.223-0.502 0.335-0.787 0.335s-0.57-0.112-0.789-0.335c0 0-4.287-4.084-4.695-4.502s-0.436-1.17 0-1.615z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Article</span></label><span><span>7</span></span></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Book</span></label><span><span>1</span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div class="FilterCard__filterCardHeader___puB2k" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Expand Relationship"><p class="FilterCard__header___dRl1u Paragraph__body____m5FY Paragraph__bold___PhFOq">Relationship </p></div><div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Self Cite</span></label><span>0</span></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Independent</span></label><span><span>8</span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div class="FilterCard__filterCardHeader___puB2k" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Expand Authors"><p class="FilterCard__header___dRl1u Paragraph__body____m5FY Paragraph__bold___PhFOq">Authors </p><div class="OpenerIcon__folder___jiKx6 false undefined"><i class="OpenerIcon__angleDown___QHC0i icon icon-down-carret"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div class="FilterCard__filterCardHeader___puB2k" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Expand Journals"><p class="FilterCard__header___dRl1u Paragraph__body____m5FY Paragraph__bold___PhFOq">Journals </p><div class="OpenerIcon__folder___jiKx6 false undefined"><i class="OpenerIcon__angleDown___QHC0i icon icon-down-carret"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="FiltersSubmit__mobileSpacer___Zot7B"></div><div class="FiltersSubmit__mobileButtons___q8V7A"><button class="FiltersSubmit__button___JlyTu Button__btn___k1xtO Button__btn--transparent___XnBIC Button__size--medium___yX63r">OK</button></div></div></div><div class="ReportPanel__reportButtons___XerGy"><button class="Citations__reportExport___KlHrC Button__btn___k1xtO Button__btn--transparent___XnBIC Button__size--medium___yX63r"><img alt="Export report" src="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/images/icons/reports/download-csv.svg" width="16px" height="16px"/><span class="Citations__reportExportText___fPVDL">Export report</span></button><div class="ReportPanel__reportButton___fQ0Q4 AddReportToDashboardButton__link___U95EJ"><button class="AddReportToDashboardButton__button___GSCqY Button__btn___k1xtO Button__btn--blue___FBSR2 Button__size--medium___yX63r"><i class="AddReportToDashboardButton__icon___GnVvr fa fa-book-open"></i><span class="AddReportToDashboardButton__text___fO21o">Add to dashboard</span></button></div></div></div><div class="ReportPanel__citationsWrapper___Ik9b3"><div class="Citations__citations___rsiM2"><div class="CitationsHeader__citationsSort___VxgmK"><div class="CitationsHeader__citationsHeader___uQ15D"><div class="CitationsHeader__citeCount___gEx9I CitationsHeader__selected___eJOwX" tabindex="0" role="button"><div class="CitationsHeader__imageTooltip____m9Gf Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><img class="CitationsHeader__citationsImg___lK2Tq" alt="citations" src="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/images/icons/citations-icon.svg" height="32px" width="32px"/><h5 class="Header__h5___YDSW4 CitationsHeader__citeHeader___q7Gw4">Cited by 28 publications</h5><div class="CitationsHeader__citeHeaderLabel___Zhzp2"> (20 citation statements)</div></div></div><div tabindex="0" role="button" class="CitationsHeader__referencesCount___tubVv"><div class="CitationsHeader__imageTooltip____m9Gf Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><img class="CitationsHeader__citationsImg___lK2Tq" alt="references" src="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/images/icons/references-icon.svg" height="32px" width="32px"/><h5 class="Header__h5___YDSW4 CitationsHeader__citeHeader___q7Gw4">References 1 publication</h5></div></div></div><div class="CitationsHeader__mobileFilters___xqr8O"><div class="CitationsHeader__mobileClassificationfilter___w6IKl"><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Supporting</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">0</span></div></div><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Mentioning</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon 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0-1.615z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="CitationsHeader__settingsButtonLayout___SCS1l"><button class="SettingsButton__btn___P6KmW Button__btn___k1xtO Button__btn--transparent___XnBIC Button__size--medium___yX63r Button__tiny___hya9X" aria-label="Settings button"><i class="SettingsButton__icon___w15lK fa fa-sliders-h"></i><span>Settings</span></button></div></div><div class="PapersList__citationList___nW0RR"><div style="opacity:1;pointer-events:auto"><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…In this study, OpenRefine was used to manage data but also as the key element in order to link our PubMed data set with Unpaywall through its application programming interface (API), the selected tool for analysing the OA content of all these data. Unpaywall (previously known as oaDOI) is a database introduced in 2016 as a service to check OA availability of journal articles identified by their Digital Object Identifier (DOI) <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3"> 10 </cite> . Unpaywall is currently used more than 50,000 times a day and is maintained by Our Research , a non-profit company previously called Impactstory <cite data-doi="10.1038/nature.2017.22418"> 11 </cite> .…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Methods</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…It offers access to the OA status of scientific journals, through an open API. Unpaywall also shows license information and variable version availability from different repositories <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3"> 10 </cite> , <cite data-doi="10.1038/nature.2017.22418"> 11 </cite> . In this study, Unpaywall data was collected via API in OpenRefine at the moment of the study (April 23 rd ), but also at the review process of the work (in mid-July) after an update carried out in Unpaywall team and communicated to the authors of this paper.…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Methods</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div><span class="PaperCard__expandCard___m8Yf4" role="button" tabindex="0"><div class="OpenerIcon__folder___jiKx6 false undefined"><i class="OpenerIcon__angleDown___QHC0i icon icon-down-carret"></i></div>See 1 more Smart Citation</span><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" tabindex="0" href="/reports/open-access-of-covid-19-related-publications-K6v1P5Ap"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">Open Access of COVID-19-related publications in the first quarter of 2020: a preliminary study based in PubMed</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/olatz-arrizabalaga-6Mnarg"><span>Arrizabalaga</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/biodonostia-zbx88">1</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/david-otaegui-K648El"><span>Otaegui</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/biodonostia-zbx88">2</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/itziar-vergara-A3bz8v"><span>Vergara</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/biodonostia-zbx88">3</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span class="Authors__link___k07oy">et al.</span><span> 2020</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/f1000research-zREdb"><em>F1000Res</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" href="/reports/open-access-of-covid-19-related-publications-K6v1P5Ap"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">22</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">2</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">18</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24136.2" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:auto"><p class="Abstract__abstract___V8wNr PaperCard__abstract___lR5RS Paragraph__body____m5FY"><span><span>Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has made funders, researchers and publishers agree to have research publications, as well as other research outputs, such as data, become openly available. In this extraordinary research context of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, publishers are announcing that their coronavirus-related articles will be made immediately accessible in appropriate open repositories, like PubMed Central (PMC), agreeing upon funders’ and researchers’ instigation. Methods: This work uses Unpaywall, OpenRefine and PubMed to analyse the level of openness of the papers about COVID-19, published during the first quarter of 2020. It also analyses Open Access (OA) articles published about previous coronavirus (SARS CoV-1 and MERS CoV) as a means of comparison. Results: A total of 5,611 COVID-19-related articles were analysed from PubMed. This is a much higher amount for a period of 4 months compared to those found for SARS CoV-1 and MERS during the first year of their first outbreaks (337 and 125 articles, respectively). Regarding the levels of openness, 97.4% of the SARS CoV-2 papers are freely available; similar rates were found for the other coronaviruses. Deeper analysis showed that (i) 68.3% of articles belong to an undefined Bronze category; (ii) 72.1% of all OA papers don’t carry a specific license and in all cases where there is, half of them do not meet Open Access standards; (iii) there is a large proportion that present a copy in a repository, in most cases in PMC, where this trend is also observed. These patterns were found to be repeated in most frequent publishers: Elsevier, Springer and Wiley. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, although scientific production is much higher than during previous epidemics and is open, there is a caveat to this opening, characterized by the absence of fundamental elements and values on which Open Science is based, such as licensing.</span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__menu___wXkM0"><a class="PaperCard__textButton___ncs_Z" tabindex="0">show abstract</a><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="PapersList__paywalledCites___XIuJQ"><div class="PapersList__paperCardsLayout___dtzN9"><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…In this study, OpenRefine was used to manage data but also as the key element in order to link our PubMed data set with Unpaywall through its application programming interface (API), the selected tool for analysing the OA content of all these data. Unpaywall (previously known as oaDOI) is a database introduced in 2016 as a service to check OA availability of journal articles identified by their Digital Object Identifier (DOI) <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3"> 10 </cite> . Unpaywall is currently used more than 50,000 times a day and is maintained by Our Research , a non-profit company previously called Impactstory <cite data-doi="10.1038/nature.2017.22418"> 11 </cite> .…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Methods</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…It offers access to the OA status of scientific journals, through an open API. Unpaywall also shows license information and variable version availability from different repositories <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3"> 10 </cite> , <cite data-doi="10.1038/nature.2017.22418"> 11 </cite> . In this study, Unpaywall data was collected via API in OpenRefine at the moment of the study (April 23 rd ), but also at the review process of the work (in mid-July) after an update carried out in Unpaywall team and communicated to the authors of this paper.…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Methods</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" tabindex="0" href="/reports/open-access-of-covid-19-related-publications-K6v1P5Ap"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">Open Access of COVID-19-related publications in the first quarter of 2020: a preliminary study based in PubMed</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/olatz-arrizabalaga-6Mnarg"><span>Arrizabalaga</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/biodonostia-zbx88">1</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/david-otaegui-K648El"><span>Otaegui</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/biodonostia-zbx88">2</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/itziar-vergara-A3bz8v"><span>Vergara</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/biodonostia-zbx88">3</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span class="Authors__link___k07oy">et al.</span><span> 2020</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/f1000research-zREdb"><em>F1000Res</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" href="/reports/open-access-of-covid-19-related-publications-K6v1P5Ap"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">22</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">2</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">18</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24136.2" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:auto"><p class="Abstract__abstract___V8wNr PaperCard__abstract___lR5RS Paragraph__body____m5FY"><span><span>Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has made funders, researchers and publishers agree to have research publications, as well as other research outputs, such as data, become openly available. In this extraordinary research context of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, publishers are announcing that their coronavirus-related articles will be made immediately accessible in appropriate open repositories, like PubMed Central (PMC), agreeing upon funders’ and researchers’ instigation. Methods: This work uses Unpaywall, OpenRefine and PubMed to analyse the level of openness of the papers about COVID-19, published during the first quarter of 2020. It also analyses Open Access (OA) articles published about previous coronavirus (SARS CoV-1 and MERS CoV) as a means of comparison. Results: A total of 5,611 COVID-19-related articles were analysed from PubMed. This is a much higher amount for a period of 4 months compared to those found for SARS CoV-1 and MERS during the first year of their first outbreaks (337 and 125 articles, respectively). Regarding the levels of openness, 97.4% of the SARS CoV-2 papers are freely available; similar rates were found for the other coronaviruses. Deeper analysis showed that (i) 68.3% of articles belong to an undefined Bronze category; (ii) 72.1% of all OA papers don’t carry a specific license and in all cases where there is, half of them do not meet Open Access standards; (iii) there is a large proportion that present a copy in a repository, in most cases in PMC, where this trend is also observed. These patterns were found to be repeated in most frequent publishers: Elsevier, Springer and Wiley. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, although scientific production is much higher than during previous epidemics and is open, there is a caveat to this opening, characterized by the absence of fundamental elements and values on which Open Science is based, such as licensing.</span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__menu___wXkM0"><a class="PaperCard__textButton___ncs_Z" tabindex="0">show abstract</a><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…Unpaywall in now integrated into three major databases: Dimensions, Scopus, and Web of Science. This helps searchers more easily identify OA content in those databases using Unpaywall’s Data Feed tool that vendors subscribe to [<cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3">9</cite>]. Data Feed requires registration and a subscription fee, which is based on the size of the organization and intended use of the data.…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Access To Articles</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…Unpaywall is expanding its reach even further by developing a tool for the non-scientist community that will translate scientific journal articles into plain language information [<cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3">9</cite>].…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Access To Articles</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" tabindex="0" href="/reports/unpaywall-ZGRgK89"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">Unpaywall</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/kerry-dhakal-382X0J"><span>Dhakal</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/state-library-of-ohio-zReaY">1</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span> 2019</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/journal-of-the-medical-library-1ZgZn"><em>jmla</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" href="/reports/unpaywall-ZGRgK89"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">10</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">4</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2019.650" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:auto"><p class="Abstract__abstract___V8wNr PaperCard__abstract___lR5RS Paragraph__body____m5FY"><span><span>Unpaywall, created by Jason Priem and Heather Piwowar of ImpactStory in 2017, is a plug-in tool for individual users to access and find OA articles, regardless of where they are searching for those articles.</span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__menu___wXkM0"><a class="PaperCard__textButton___ncs_Z" tabindex="0">show abstract</a><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…This trend goes against movements in favor of free access to knowledge and open science, which argue that this excessive protection of intellectual property is a barrier to the dissemination and collective construction of knowledge, that excludes countries and populations from the benefits of scientific research that should move forward through an international, integrative and collaborative effort. 3,<cite data-doi="10.1016/s1526-4114(07)60219-4">4,</cite>[7]<cite data-doi="10.1136/bmj.e8589">[8]</cite>[9][10][11]<cite class="target" data-doi="10.1038/d41586-018-05968-3">[12]</cite> In Brazil, copyright regulations do not support monetary rights for questionnaire developers, once "questionnaires to be filled with any type of information, scientific or not, as well as their instructions" are not amenable to protection as copyright. 13 However, given the international characteristic of scientific production dissemination and of the necessarily public characteristic of scientific publishing, authors and editors may be restrained or besieged (monetarily, morally or legally) if they select for their studies these research instruments under copyright restrictions.…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" tabindex="0" href="/reports/scales-and-questionnaires-under-copyright-9OzaDn4k"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">Scales and questionnaires under copyright: additional barriers to health research</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/thiago-botelho-azeredo-9W5Wk"><span>Azeredo</span></a><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj">1</sup><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/renata-d-reis-KYOkaG"><span>Reis</span></a><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj">2</sup><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/fernando-fernandez-llimos-lZKyam"><span>Fernández-Llimós</span></a><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj">3</sup><span> </span></div><span> 2021</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/revista-brasileira-de-farmacia-hospitalar-YZ0Zz"><em>Rev Bras Farm Hosp Serv Saude</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" href="/reports/scales-and-questionnaires-under-copyright-9OzaDn4k"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">1</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">1</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2021.121.0610" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to 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Access of COVID-19-related publications in the first quarter of 2020: a preliminary study based in PubMed","abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has made funders, researchers and publishers agree to have research publications, as well as other research outputs, such as data, become openly available. In this extraordinary research context of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, publishers are announcing that their coronavirus-related articles will be made immediately accessible in appropriate open repositories, like PubMed Central (PMC), agreeing upon funders’ and researchers’ instigation. Methods: This work uses Unpaywall, OpenRefine and PubMed to analyse the level of openness of the papers about COVID-19, published during the first quarter of 2020. It also analyses Open Access (OA) articles published about previous coronavirus (SARS CoV-1 and MERS CoV) as a means of comparison. Results: A total of 5,611 COVID-19-related articles were analysed from PubMed. This is a much higher amount for a period of 4 months compared to those found for SARS CoV-1 and MERS during the first year of their first outbreaks (337 and 125 articles, respectively). Regarding the levels of openness, 97.4% of the SARS CoV-2 papers are freely available; similar rates were found for the other coronaviruses. Deeper analysis showed that (i) 68.3% of articles belong to an undefined Bronze category; (ii) 72.1% of all OA papers don’t carry a specific license and in all cases where there is, half of them do not meet Open Access standards; (iii) there is a large proportion that present a copy in a repository, in most cases in PMC, where this trend is also observed. These patterns were found to be repeated in most frequent publishers: Elsevier, Springer and Wiley. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, although scientific production is much higher than during previous epidemics and is open, there is a caveat to this opening, characterized by the absence of fundamental elements and values on which Open Science is based, such as licensing.","authors":[{"family":"Arrizabalaga","given":"Olatz","affiliation":"Biodonostia","authorSlug":"olatz-arrizabalaga-6Mnarg","authorName":"Olatz Arrizabalaga","authorID":"7832798","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":183694,"authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"biodonostia-zbx88","affiliationID":"183694"},{"family":"Otaegui","given":"David","affiliation":"Biodonostia","authorSlug":"david-otaegui-K648El","authorName":"David Otaegui","authorID":"6387835","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":183694,"authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"biodonostia-zbx88","affiliationID":"183694"},{"family":"Vergara","given":"Itziar","affiliation":"Biodonostia","authorSlug":"itziar-vergara-A3bz8v","authorName":"Itziar Vergara","authorID":"7149249","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":217764,"authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"biodonostia-zbx88","affiliationID":"183694"},{"family":"Arrizabalaga","given":"J","affiliation":"Biodonostia","authorSlug":"j-arrizabalaga-yZR3b6","authorName":"J Arrizabalaga","authorID":"7518664","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":183694,"authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"biodonostia-zbx88","affiliationID":"183694"},{"family":"Méndez","given":"Eva","affiliation":"Carlos III University of Madrid","authorSlug":"eva-mendez-R5gdWN","authorName":"Eva Méndez","authorID":"9317570","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":12580,"authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"carlos-iii-university-of-madrid-lWlv","affiliationID":"12580"}],"keywords":["Author roles: Arrizabalaga O: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing -Original Draft Preparation, Writing -Review & Editing","Otaegui D: Conceptualization, Writing -Original Draft Preparation, Writing -Review & Editing","Vergara I: Conceptualization, Writing -Original Draft Preparation, Writing -Review & Editing","Arrizabalaga J: Conceptualization, Writing -Original Draft Preparation, Writing -Review & Editing","Méndez E : Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing -Original Draft Preparation, Writing -Review & Editing Open Access, Publishing, Pandemic, COVID-19, Scholarly communication, PubMed, OA analysis"],"year":2020,"shortJournal":"F1000Res","publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","volume":"9","page":"649","retracted":false,"memberId":2560,"issns":["2046-1402"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"f1000research-zREdb","journal":"F1000Research","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.5195\u002Fjmla.2019.650":{"id":249074375,"doi":"10.5195\u002Fjmla.2019.650","slug":"unpaywall-ZGRgK89","type":"journal-article","title":"Unpaywall","abstract":"Unpaywall, created by Jason Priem and Heather Piwowar of ImpactStory in 2017, is a plug-in tool for individual users to access and find OA articles, regardless of where they are searching for those articles.","authors":[{"family":"Dhakal","given":"Kerry","affiliation":"State Library of Ohio","authorSlug":"kerry-dhakal-382X0J","authorName":"Kerry Dhakal","authorID":"10925888","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":148750,"authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"state-library-of-ohio-zReaY","affiliationID":"148750"}],"keywords":[],"year":2019,"shortJournal":"jmla","publisher":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","issue":"2","volume":"107","retracted":false,"memberId":3176,"issns":["1558-9439","1536-5050"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"journal-of-the-medical-library-1ZgZn","journal":"Journal of the Medical Library Association","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.30968\u002Frbfhss.2021.121.0610":{"id":10288795902,"doi":"10.30968\u002Frbfhss.2021.121.0610","slug":"scales-and-questionnaires-under-copyright-9OzaDn4k","type":"journal-article","title":"Scales and questionnaires under copyright: additional barriers to health research","abstract":".","authors":[{"family":"Azeredo","given":"Thiago Botelho","authorSlug":"thiago-botelho-azeredo-9W5Wk","authorName":"Thiago Botelho Azeredo","authorID":"3135990","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":16949,"authorSequenceNumber":1},{"family":"Reis","given":"Renata D.","authorSlug":"renata-d-reis-KYOkaG","authorName":"Renata D. 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They are an invaluable source of information to students, researchers, and practitioners. However, many digital libraries expose only the article metadata like title, author names, publication date, and the abstract for free; access to full-text requires access toll. Given that journal subscription charges are sometimes prohibitive, many important publications remain beyond the access of researchers, especially in developing countries. While open access publication solves this issue, the hard reality is that many research papers are not currently available for free reading or download. In this paper, we present a novel approach to alleviate this problem. We present a technique to retrieve open access surrogates of a scholarly article when the latter is unavailable freely in a digital library. Surrogates are articles semantically close to the original articles, written by the same author(s) and give valuable insights into the paper being searched for; they address the same or a very similar problem using the same or very similar techniques. Our focus on approximate matches of scholarly articles distinguishes our application from many academic search engines. We run it on a large corpus of computer science papers and compare the results with human judgment. Experimental results show that our tool can indeed identify relevant OA surrogates of access-restricted papers.","authors":[{"family":"Sanyal","given":"Debarshi Kumar","affiliation":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","authorSlug":"debarshi-kumar-sanyal-vJ2mp4","authorName":"Debarshi Kumar Sanyal","authorID":"6981609","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":18362,"authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"indian-institute-of-technology-kharagpur-JZWE","affiliationID":"19467"},{"family":"Bhowmick","given":"Plaban Kumar","affiliation":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","authorSlug":"plaban-kumar-bhowmick-pxAx53","authorName":"Plaban Kumar Bhowmick","authorID":"8182230","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":19467,"authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"indian-institute-of-technology-kharagpur-JZWE","affiliationID":"19467"},{"family":"Das","given":"Partha Pratim","affiliation":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","authorSlug":"partha-pratim-das-y84gJx","authorName":"Partha Pratim Das","authorID":"7246664","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":19467,"authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"indian-institute-of-technology-kharagpur-JZWE","affiliationID":"19467"},{"family":"Chattopadhyay","given":"Samiran","affiliation":"Jadavpur University","authorSlug":"samiran-chattopadhyay-W8znZM","authorName":"Samiran Chattopadhyay","authorID":"6568748","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":1341,"authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"jadavpur-university-X1y","affiliationID":"1341"},{"family":"Santosh","given":"Tokala Yaswanth Sri Sai","affiliation":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","authorSlug":"tokala-yaswanth-sri-sai-santosh-ZybxrJ","authorName":"Tokala Yaswanth Sri Sai Santosh","authorID":"12356775","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":1536,"authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"indian-institute-of-technology-kharagpur-JZWE","affiliationID":"19467"}],"keywords":["Scholarly publication","Open access","Academic search","Digital library","Approximate match"],"year":2019,"shortJournal":"Scientometrics","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","volume":"121","page":"1129-1164","retracted":false,"memberId":297,"issns":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"scientometrics-PQ3xK","journal":"Scientometrics","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1007\u002Fs11192-022-04581-6":{"id":11606729651,"doi":"10.1007\u002Fs11192-022-04581-6","slug":"do-open-citations-give-insights-YZvJWxvP","type":"journal-article","title":"Do open citations give insights on the qualitative peer-review evaluation in research assessments? 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In this work, we aim at exploring whether citation-based metrics, calculated only considering open bibliographic and citation data, can support the human peer-review of NDs and yield insights on how it is conducted. To understand if and what citation-based (and, possibly, other) metrics provide relevant information, we created a series of machine learning models to replicate the decisions of the NSQ committees. As one of the main outcomes of our study, we noticed that the strength of the citational relationship between the candidate and the commission in charge of assessing his\u002Fher CV seems to play a role in the peer-review phase of the NSQ of NDs.","authors":[{"family":"Bologna","given":"Federica","affiliation":"Cornell University","authorSlug":"federica-bologna-4lQ6jN","authorName":"Federica Bologna","authorID":"24548386","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":6269,"authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"cornell-university-5MP2","affiliationID":"6269"},{"family":"Iorio","given":"Angelo Di","affiliation":"University of Bologna","authorSlug":"angelo-di-iorio-G3NDrZ","authorName":"Angelo Di Iorio","authorID":"6651313","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":12871,"authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-bologna-NWXQ","affiliationID":"12871"},{"family":"Peroni","given":"Silvio","affiliation":"University of Bologna","authorSlug":"silvio-peroni-RVWWlM","authorName":"Silvio Peroni","authorID":"6711370","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":12871,"authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-bologna-NWXQ","affiliationID":"12871"},{"family":"Poggi","given":"Francesco","affiliation":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies","authorSlug":"francesco-poggi-wb39MM","authorName":"Francesco Poggi","authorID":"7954528","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":197649,"authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"institute-of-cognitive-sciences-and-ANKx3","affiliationID":"197649"}],"year":2022,"shortJournal":"Scientometrics","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","volume":"128","page":"19-53","memberId":297,"issns":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"scientometrics-PQ3xK","journal":"Scientometrics","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1016\u002Fj.amjmed.2019.07.028":{"id":276757954,"doi":"10.1016\u002Fj.amjmed.2019.07.028","slug":"scientific-authors-in-a-changing-683Pa2k","type":"journal-article","title":"Scientific Authors in a Changing World of Scholarly Communication: What Does the Future Hold?","authors":[{"family":"Baffy","given":"György","affiliation":"VA Boston Healthcare System","authorSlug":"gyorgy-baffy-4LkKOE","authorName":"György Baffy","authorID":"6203442","authorLastKnownAffiliationId":11896,"authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"va-boston-healthcare-system-M11m","affiliationID":"11896"},{"family":"Burns","given":"Michele M.","affiliation":"Harvard University","authorSlug":"michele-m-burns-A3PwZe","authorName":"Michele M. 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