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Gümőkór – Wikipédia

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a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jel%C3%B6lt_lapv%C3%A1ltozatok?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Jelölt lapváltozatok">közzétett változat</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpeci%25C3%25A1lis:Rendszernapl%25C3%25B3k%26type%3Dreview%26page%3DG%25C3%25BCm%25C5%2591k%25C3%25B3r">ellenőrizve</a>: <i>2024. október 10.</i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hu" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table style="" class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Ehhez a szócikkhez további <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:T%C3%BCntesd_fel_forr%C3%A1saidat!?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Tüntesd fel forrásaidat!">forrásmegjelölések</a>, lábjegyzetek szükségesek az <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Ellen%C5%91rizhet%C5%91s%C3%A9g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Ellenőrizhetőség">ellenőrizhetőség</a> érdekében.</b><br><small>Emiatt nem tudjuk közvetlenül ellenőrizni, hogy a szócikkben szereplő állítások helytállóak-e. Segíts <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DG%25C3%25BCm%25C5%2591k%25C3%25B3r%26action%3Dedit">a szócikk fejlesztésében</a> további <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Mi_sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt_megb%C3%ADzhat%C3%B3_forr%C3%A1snak%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Mi számít megbízható forrásnak?">megbízható források</a> hozzáadásával.</small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>A <b>gümőkór</b> vagy <b>tuberkulózis</b> <b>(tbc)</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_nyelv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin nyelv">latinul</a>: <bdi lang="la" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;"><i>tuberculosis</i></bdi>) olyan <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fert%C5%91z%C5%91_betegs%C3%A9gek_list%C3%A1ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fertőző betegségek listája">fertőző betegség</a>, melyet a <i><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bakt%C3%A9riumok?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baktériumok">baktérium</a> okoz, és amely leggyakrabban a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BCd%C5%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tüdő">tüdőt</a> károsítja <i>(pulmonáris tbc)</i>, de megtámadhatja a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B6zponti_idegrendszer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Központi idegrendszer">központi idegrendszert</a>, <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agyh%C3%A1rtyagyullad%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agyhártyagyulladás">agyhártyagyulladást</a> <i>(meningitis tuberculosa)</i> okozva, illetve a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nyirokkering%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nyirokkeringés">nyirokrendszert</a> és a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9rkering%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vérkeringés">vérkeringést</a> is, amelyek a fő terjedési útvonalai (pl. a miliaris tbc esetében).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Szintén érintettek lehetnek az ivarszervek, a húgyutak, a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Csonttuberkul%C3%B3zis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Csonttuberkulózis">csontok</a>, az ízületek, és még a bőr felülete is, azaz gyakorlatilag majdnem minden szerv és szervrendszer. A pulmonáris (tüdőt támadó) tbc-s beteg tüdejében gümők keletkeznek. A <i>gümő</i> a latin <i>tuberculum</i> fordítása, innen jön a gümőkór név. A gümők megakadályozzák a normális tüdőfunkciót, emellett bizonyos káros <i>(toxicus)</i> anyagokkal árasztják el a szervezetet. (Többek között ez okozza az idült tbc-sekre jellemző „leromlási” [<i>cachexia</i>] tüneteket.)</p> <table class="infobox ujinfobox"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="fejlec" style="color:black;background-color:#A2D1DE;">Gümőkór</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tbc-s beteg mellkasi röntgenképe"><img alt="Tbc-s beteg mellkasi röntgenképe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg/250px-Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg/375px-Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg/500px-Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="542"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:92%">Tbc-s beteg mellkasi röntgenképe</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr style="color:#A2D1DE;background-color:#A2D1DE;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="fejezet" colspan="2" style="padding:3px 2px;background-color:#A2D1DE;color:black;text-align:center;"><b>Osztályozás</b></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Betegs%C3%A9gek_nemzetk%C3%B6zi_oszt%C3%A1lyoz%C3%A1sa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Betegségek nemzetközi osztályozása">BNO-10</a></b></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en%23/A15">A15</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en%23/A19">A19</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Betegs%C3%A9gek_nemzetk%C3%B6zi_oszt%C3%A1lyoz%C3%A1sa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Betegségek nemzetközi osztályozása">BNO-9</a></b></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9%3D010">010</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9%3D018">018</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Főbb tünetek</b></td> <td> <div class="plainlist"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27515026">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <ul> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B6h%C3%B6g%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Köhögés">köhögés</a></li> <li>vérköpés</li> <li>fogyás</li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A1z_(%C3%A9lettan)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Láz (élettan)">láz</a></li> <li>éjszakai izzadás</li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mellkasi_f%C3%A1jdalom?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mellkasi fájdalom">mellkasi fájdalom</a></li> <li>fáradtság</li> <li>hidegrázás</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="fejezet" colspan="2" style="padding:3px 2px;background-color:#A2D1DE;color:black;text-align:center;"><b>Adatbázisok</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;vertical-align:top"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mendeli_%C3%B6r%C3%B6kl%C5%91d%C3%A9s_emberben_adatb%C3%A1zis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mendeli öröklődés emberben adatbázis">OMIM</a></b></td> <td style="padding:0px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://omim.org/entry/607948">607948</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;vertical-align:top"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diseases_Database?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b></td> <td style="padding:0px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb8515.htm">8515</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;vertical-align:top"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MedlinePlus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b></td> <td style="padding:0px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000077.htm">000077</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000624.htm">000624</a></i></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EMedicine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2324.htm">med/2324</a>&nbsp; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic618.htm">emerg/618</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic411.htm">radio/411</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH ID</a></b></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui%3DD014376">D014376</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH Name</a></b></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name%3DTuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #E4EBF3;color:black;text-align:center;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <div> A <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikim%C3%A9dia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimédia Commons">Wikimédia Commons</a> tartalmaz <i><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tuberculosis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tuberculosis">Gümőkór</a></i> témájú médiaállományokat. </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_8438_lores.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_8438_lores.jpg/350px-Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_8438_lores.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_8438_lores.jpg/525px-Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_8438_lores.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_8438_lores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="475"></a> <figcaption> Mycobacterium tuberculosis </figcaption> </figure> <p>A <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> nem az egyetlen mycobaktériumfajta, amely gümőkórt eredményez. Egy jelentés szerint<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Harrison-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, a <i>Mycobacterium africanum</i>, a <i>Mycobacterium canetti</i> és a <i>Mycobacterium microti</i> ugyancsak okozhat tuberkulózist, de az ezekkel való megfertőződés ritkábban vezet megbetegedésekhez. A szarvasmarha-tbc pl. emésztőrendszeri fertőzésben nyilvánul meg, mert ez az elsődleges behatolási kapuja.</p> <p>A tuberkulózis a történelem során az egyik legtöbb halálesetet okozó betegség volt. 1901-ben Magyarországon a halálesetek 25%-át okozta a tbc, amit magyar népbetegségnek (<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morbus_hungaricus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morbus hungaricus">Morbus hungaricus</a>) tartottak, és amiért a tömegek nyomorából és szegénységéből eredő egészségtelen életmód volt a felelős (100 ezer lakosból a szegények körében 500 fő, de a fertőződés miatt a jómódúak körében is 200 fő volt tbc-s). Ma már gyógyítható, de még mindig több mint kétmilliárd ember fertőzött a kórokozóval.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Összefüggésben áll a helytelen táplálkozással és a rossz életkörülményekkel, ezért teljes joggal a nyomor betegségének nevezik. A betegség megjelenését a fejlettebb országokban is az immunrendszer csökkent védekezőképessége segíti elő, mint például az <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AIDS?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> jelenléte, az <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immunol%C3%B3gia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immunológia">immunszupresszív</a> (az immunrendszer működését akadályozó) gyógyszerek alkalmazása, valamint a kábítószer-használat és a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doh%C3%A1nyz%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dohányzás">dohányzás</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Passz%C3%ADv_doh%C3%A1nyz%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Passzív dohányzás">passzív</a> formájában is!).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bár a baktériummal fertőzöttek kb. 90%-a tünetmentes, így látens tbc-fertőzöttséggel él (LTBI), a betegség az esetek kb. 10%-ában teljesen kifejlődik, fertőzővé válik, és kezelés nélkül ezeknek több mint a fele halálhoz vezet.</p> <p>A WHO (<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eg%C3%A9szs%C3%A9g%C3%BCgyi_Vil%C3%A1gszervezet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egészségügyi Világszervezet">Egészségügyi Világszervezet</a>) 2008-as adatgyűjteménye<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> szerint a tuberkulózis sok helyen a megbetegedés és a halál igen fontos okozója, különösen Afrikában és Ázsiában. 2006-ban 9,2 millió új esetet és 1,9 millió halálesetet jeleztek világszerte (ezek között 700 000 megbetegedés és 200 000 haláleset HIV-vel fertőzött egyéneké volt). A számok, Európától eltekintve, nem tartottak lépést a lakosság növekedésével, és ahhoz viszonyítva 2003-tól kezdve hanyatlóban voltak, de az európai és afrikai késedelmek gátolták az ezredfordulón 2015-re kitűzött cél <i>(development goal)</i> elérését: hogy a fertőzés terjedését az egész világon megállítsák.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="hu" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Tartalomjegyzék</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_tuberkul%C3%B3zis_t%C3%BCnetei"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">A tuberkulózis tünetei</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_mycobacterium_fajt%C3%A1i"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">A mycobacterium fajtái</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_betegs%C3%A9g_terjed%C3%A9se"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">A betegség terjedése</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Patogenezis"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Patogenezis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Diagn%C3%B3zis"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Diagnózis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A_k%C3%B3rokoz%C3%B3_mut%C3%A1ci%C3%B3ja"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">A kórokozó mutációja</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kezel%C3%A9s"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Kezelés</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Protekci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Protekció</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Antibiotikum-rezisztencia"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Antibiotikum-rezisztencia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelmi_adatok"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Történelmi adatok</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%81llati_kapcsolat"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Állati kapcsolat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jegyzetek"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Jegyzetek</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kapcsol%C3%B3d%C3%B3_sz%C3%B3cikkek"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Kapcsolódó szócikkek</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tov%C3%A1bbi_inform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3k"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">További információk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="A_tuberkulózis_tünetei"><span id="A_tuberkul.C3.B3zis_t.C3.BCnetei"></span>A tuberkulózis tünetei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: A tuberkulózis tünetei" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>A teljesen kifejlődött, aktív, fertőző gümőkóros esetek háromnegyed része kizárólag pulmonáris, vagyis csak a tüdőket érinti. Ennek a szimptómái közé sorolható a mell-, ill. hátfájás, a vér felköhögése és a három hétnél további köhögési roham, valamint a láz, a borzongás, az izzadás (különösen alvás közben), az étvágytalanság, a fogyás, a sápadtság és a gyakori fáradtság.</p> <p>Az esetek megmaradt negyedrészénél, ami gyakran <i>immunszuppresszív</i> hatás alatt levő (pl. HIV-ben szenvedő) betegekkel és igen fiatal gyerekekkel kapcsolatos, a fertőzés más testrészekre is kiterjed, úgymint a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mellh%C3%A1rtya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mellhártya">mellhártyára</a>, a központi idegrendszerre (lásd <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agyh%C3%A1rty%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agyhártyák">agyhártyagyulladás</a>, meningitisz), a nyirokrendszerre (például a <i>scrofula</i>, azaz görvélykór, ami a nyak nyirokcsomóit támadja meg), a vesékre, a vékonybélre, a csontokra, az ízületekre. A két utóbbira való hatások egyike a Potts-kór, ami a hátgerincet támadja meg. A <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9rkering%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vérkeringés">vérkeringés</a> útján a fertőzés az egész szervezetben szétszóródhat (pl. a miliaris tbc esetében).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="A_mycobacterium_fajtái"><span id="A_mycobacterium_fajt.C3.A1i"></span>A mycobacterium fajtái</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: A mycobacterium fajtái" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>A tuberkulózist okozó <i><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a> baktérium,</i> <b>rövidítve MTB</b> egy lassan szaporodó aerob baktérium, ami 16-20 óránként osztódik. Ez más baktériumokhoz képest lassúnak számít (azok osztódási ideje többnyire percekben mérhető – az <i>Escherichia coli</i> egy fajtája például húszpercenként osztódik), de nem a leglassúbb (a <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> húsz naponként). A MTB-t a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gram-fest%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gram-festés">Gram-festés</a> nem vagy nagyon enyhén mutatja pozitívnak, azonban egyéb jellemzői alapján Gram-pozitív baktériumnak szokás tartani.<sup id="cite_ref-Madison_2001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Madison_2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A MTB kicsi, pálcika alakú baktérium <i>(bacilus)</i>, ami ellenáll a gyengébb fertőtlenítőknek és hetekig tűri a szárazságot, de magától csak gazdaszervezeten belül képes osztódni (<i>in vitro</i> tenyészetet csak hosszú idő alatt sikerült létrehozni, manapság azonban már rutinműveletnek számít).</p> <p>A MTB mikroszkóp alatt festési jellegzetességei alapján azonosítható; savas oldattal való kezelés után megtartja színezetét, ezért saválló bacillusként (AFB11) tartják nyilván. A leggyakoribb festési eljárás, a <i>(Ziehl–Neelsen-festés)</i> során, az AFB-t élénkpirosra festik meg, ami kitűnően elválik a kék háttértől. A saválló baktériumok fluoreszkáló mikroszkóppal és auramin-rhodamin festéssel is jól megfigyelhetők.</p> <p>Az <i>M. tuberculosis</i> komplex három további <i>mycobacteriumot</i> is magába foglal, amelyek okozhatják a tuberkulózist: <i><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_bovis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mycobacterium bovis (a lap nem létezik)">M. bovis</a></i>, <i>M. africanum,</i> és <i>M. microti</i>. Az első kettő csak nagyon ritkán, míg az utolsó soha nem okoz fertőzést emberekben.</p> <dl> <dd> <i>Nontuberculous mycobacteria</i> (NTM): további mycobaktériumok (a <i>M. leprae</i> mellett, amely <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lepra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lepra">leprát</a> okoz), amelyek a tbc-hez, egyes bőrbetegségekhez hasonló kórképeket, vagy egyéb fertőző betegségekhez hasonló légzőszervi megbetegedéseket okozhatnak. Okozhatnak nyirokcsomó gyulladást <i>(lymphadenitis)</i> is. </dd> </dl> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="A_betegség_terjedése"><span id="A_betegs.C3.A9g_terjed.C3.A9se"></span>A betegség terjedése</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: A betegség terjedése" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG/360px-Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG" decoding="async" width="360" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="625"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 360px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG/360px-Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG" data-width="360" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG/540px-Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG/720px-Tuberculosis_reported_cases_2006.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> A tbc előfordulási gyakorisága országonként, az esetek száma 100&nbsp;000 lakosra vetítve. A <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eg%C3%A9szs%C3%A9g%C3%BCgyi_Vil%C3%A1gszervezet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egészségügyi Világszervezet">WHO</a> adatai, 2006 <table width="100%" style="background:transparent;"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #C60000; color:black; font-size:90%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;&gt;300 </div></td> <td> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FB7715; color:black; font-size:90%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;200–300 </div></td> <td> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FEF916; color:black; font-size:90%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;100–200 </div></td> <td> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #0B820E; color:black; font-size:90%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;50–100 </div></td> <td> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #28379B; color:black; font-size:90%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;&lt;50 </div></td> <td> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #989998; color:black; font-size:90%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Nincs adat </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A tbc döntően <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cseppfert%C5%91z%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cseppfertőzés">cseppfertőzéssel</a> terjed, azaz úgy, hogy tbc-ben megbetegedett emberek <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BCd%C5%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tüdő">tüdejéből</a> kerül ki, amikor köhögnek, tüsszentenek, beszélnek vagy köpnek. Minden 5&nbsp;<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikrom%C3%A9ter_(m%C3%A9rt%C3%A9kegys%C3%A9g)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrométer (mértékegység)">µm</a> átmérőjű csepp 1–3 bacilust tartalmaz. Azoknak, akik a leggyakrabban kerülnek kapcsolatba a beteggel, kb. 22% az esélyük a megfertőződésre. Egy tbc-ben szenvedő személy kezeletlenül évente kb. 20 embert fertőzhet meg. Csak azok fertőznek, akiken már kitört a betegség, a látensek nem.</p> <p>A tuberkulózis azonban nemcsak a légzőszervek útján terjedhet.</p> <p>Terjedési utak feljegyzett vagy elvi lehetőségei:</p> <ul> <li>légzés: fertőzött levegő</li> <li>táplálkozás: fertőzött étel, ital (például víz, tej)</li> <li>hematológia: fertőzött injekciós tű, orvosi műszer, tetováló vagy akupunktúrás tű, vér stb.</li> <li>szervátültetés</li> <li>szexuális kapcsolat (száj és/vagy nemi szervek)</li> <li>nyílt seb</li> <li>szoptatás: dajkáról csecsemőre</li> <li>terhesség: anyáról embrióra urológiai vagy méhfertőzés útján</li> </ul> <p>A tbc a legtöbb halálesetet okozó betegség a szülőkorú nők és a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HIV">HIV</a>-vel fertőzött egyének között. A WHO 2021-es statisztikai adatai szerint a megbetegedések több mint két kétharmada (71,3%) nyolc országban fordul elő: <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> (28%), <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonézia">Indonézia</a> (9,2%), <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kína">Kína</a> (7,4%), <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p-szigetek?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fülöp-szigetek">Fülöp-szigetek</a> (7%), <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakiszt%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakisztán">Pakisztán</a> (5,8%), <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nig%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigéria">Nigéria</a> (4,4%), <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglades?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banglades">Banglades</a> (3,6%) és<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kong%C3%B3i_Demokratikus_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság">Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság</a> (2,9%).<sup id="cite_ref-TX_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TX-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A HIV-vírus hordozásán kívül a dohányzás vagy a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cukorbetegs%C3%A9g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cukorbetegség">cukorbetegség</a> <i>(diabetes mellitus)</i> is növeli a megbetegedés kockázatát.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Patogenezis">Patogenezis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Patogenezis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>A World Health Organisation (WHO) 2004. évi Disease Watch (Kórfigyelő) brosúrájának a tbc-re vonatkozó közleménye<sup id="cite_ref-TDRreport_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TDRreport-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> szerint a föld lakosságának egyharmada a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tbc) bacilus hordozója, de ezen egyének 90%-ának a fertőzése aszimptomatikus (a betegség jellemző tüneteit nem mutatja), és az életüket nem fenyegeti. A megmaradt 10% esetében a fertőzés teljesen kifejlődik, és kezeletlenül a betegek felének a halálát okozza.</p> <p>Az infekció a beteg tüdőhólyagocskáiban <i>(alveolus pulmonis)</i> kezdődik, ahol a baktérium az ún. <i>Ghon-fókuszban</i> kezd osztódni. Itt a fertőzött egyén <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dendritikus_sejt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dendritikus sejt">dendritikus sejtjei</a> akcióba lépnek, és megakadályozzák a további osztódást. Ezek a sejtek azonban a baktériumoknak a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nyirokcsom%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nyirokcsomó">mediasztinális nyirokcsomókba</a> való átvitelét nem tudják megakadályozni. A baktérium másodlagosan a vérkeringés útján a a szervezet számos egyéb pontjára terjedhet, úgymint a tüdőcsúcsokra, a periferiális nyirokmirigyekre, a vesékre, az <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agy?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agy">agyra</a> és csontokra. A bacilus nem támadja meg a szívet, a csontváz izmait, a hasnyálmirigyet és a pajzsmirigyet.</p> <p>A tbc a granulomás <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gyullad%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gyulladás">gyulladásos</a> megbetegedések közé tartozik, amiket a <i>makrofágok</i>, a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T-limfocita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T-limfocita">T-limfociták</a>, a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T-limfocita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T-limfocita">B-limfociták</a> és a <i>fibroblasztok</i> együttes jelenléte jellemez. Ezek jelenlétének eredményeképpen a tbc-támadás színhelye <i>meggyűlik</i>. A <i>granuloma</i> a fertőzés elterjedésének akadályozása mellett annak a jelenlétét is jelzi a szervezet többi része felé. A granulomában a T-sejtek <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Citokin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Citokin">citokineket</a> termelnek, mint pl. <i>gamma interferon</i>t, amik a makrofágok aktiválására szolgálnak, azokat a baktériumok megtámadására ösztökélik, bár a T-limfociták (CD8+) maguk is képesek a baktériumok elpusztítására. Csakhogy a granuloma nem mindig pusztítja el a baktériumokat, azok sokszor csak lappangásra kényszerülnek. A granuloma sajátossága a tuberculum (gümő) közepén lefolyó <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nekr%C3%B3zis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nekrózis">nekrózis</a>, vagyis sejtelhalás. Ha a tbc baktériuma a test egy károsodott területén bejuthat a keringési rendszerbe, akkor (különösen fiatal gyerekek és időskorúak esetében) a szervezet többi részeit is eláraszthatja apró fókuszpontokkal. Így <i>miliaris tbc</i> alakul ki, ami még az intenzív kezelés ellenére is a betegek több mint 20%-ának a halálát okozza.</p> <p>Sok esetben a beteg állapota hullámzik: a szövet károsodását és a nekrózist gyógyulás és hegszövetképződés <i>(fibrózis)</i> váltja fel. A megbetegedett testterületeket hegedt testszövet és sajthoz hasonló, fehér, nekrotikus (elhalt) anyaggal teli üregek váltják fel. Aktív fázisban ezeknek az üregeknek egyike-másika ismét összekötődik a légzési rendszerrel, és a beteg felköhögi a fertőző tartalmukat, továbbterjesztve a betegséget. A tbc ellen kifejlesztett antibiotikumok el tudják pusztítani a baktériumokat, és csak a hegedt szövetek maradnak.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Diagnózis"><span id="Diagn.C3.B3zis"></span>Diagnózis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Diagnózis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>A tuberkulózis megbízható diagnózisának nehézsége az ennek fent említett lassú „in vitro” szaporodásából ered, ami 12 hetet is igénybe vehet. Az orvosi vizsgálat a beteg előző betegségtörténetének feljegyzésével kezdődik, amit fizikai (hőmérséklet-, pulzus-, vérnyomás- stb.) ellenőrzés követ, majd mellkasröntgenre, ún. tuberkulinszérum-vizsgálatra (Mantoux-„oltásra”) és baktériumtenyészetre kerül sor.</p> <p>Jelenleg olyanok lappangó infekcióját, akik nem kaptak védőoltást, speciális tuberkulin-vizsgálattal mutatják ki, amely a bacilus tisztítottfehérje-derivatívjára <i>(purified protein derivative)</i> lassított hiperszenzitivitás <i>(delayed hypersensitivity)</i> típusú reakciót mutat. Aki már kapott védőoltást, az pozitív tuberkulineredményt ad, mintha fertőzött lenne. Ezekre egy újabb vizsgálatot dolgoztak ki: a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enzim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enzim">polimeráz-láncreakcióra</a> irányulót, ami kimutatja a bacilus DNS-ének a jelenlétét; az antitest meghatározása pedig a bacilus okozta <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immunol%C3%B3gia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immunológia">gamma interferon</a>-képződést a szervezetben.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="A_kórokozó_mutációja"><span id="A_k.C3.B3rokoz.C3.B3_mut.C3.A1ci.C3.B3ja"></span>A kórokozó mutációja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: A kórokozó mutációja" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Az M. tuberculosis egyes kódoló és nem-kódoló genomrészeit elvesztette evolúciója során, így a különböző fajok közötti különbségeket megfigyelve következtetni lehet a betegség földrajzi eredetére és terjedési útjára.<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rao_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kezelés"><span id="Kezel.C3.A9s"></span>Kezelés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Kezelés" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>A kezelés általában kemoterápiás szerekkel és antibiotikumokkal történik. Lappangó gümőkóros betegek számára elég egyfajta szert használni, de ha a betegség már teljesen kifejlődött, és fertőző állapotba került, akkor több szer együttes használatára van szükség az antibiotikum/gyógyszer-rezisztencia kifejlődésének elkerülésére. A gyógyszer általában rifampin és izoniazid, a kezelés tartama pedig 6–12 hónap.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_(magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG/350px-Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="602"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 291px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG/350px-Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG" data-width="350" data-height="291" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG/525px-Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG/700px-Tuberculosis-drugs-and-actions_%28magyar_nevez%C3%A9kekhaszn%C3%A1lat%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Tuberkulózis elleni gyógyszerek hatásmechanizmusa </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Protekció"><span id="Protekci.C3.B3"></span>Protekció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Protekció" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>A fertőzés ellen kettős védelmet alkalmaznak:</p> <ul> <li>a kórokozóval megfertőzött egyének felderítését, azokkal együtt, akik a fertőzött egyénekkel kapcsolatban voltak, továbbá a vizsgálatukat, ill. a fertőzöttek kezelését;</li> <li>a gyermekek megelőző védőoltását.</li> </ul> <p>Olyan kezelés még nincs, ami a felnőtteket speciálisan a tbc baktérium ellen védené, de a trópusokon honos egyéb, nem tuberkulózist okozó mycobactériumokkal való kapcsolatnak van némi védő hatása. Igéretes kutatások folytak a betegség súlyos lefolyását megakadályozó vakcina kifejlesztésére. A WHO szerint 2024-ben kezdődhet a harmadik fázisú klinikai (emberi) tesztelése, így legkorábban 2028-ban lehet elérhető.<sup id="cite_ref-TX_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TX-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Védőoltást számos országban használnak. Az első ilyen gyógyszervédelmet Franciaországban dolgozták ki 1905 és 1921 között, de a tömeges használata csak a második világháború idején kezdődött. A <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BCG_v%C3%A9d%C5%91olt%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BCG védőoltás">Calmette-Guérin Bacilus (BCG) védőoltás</a> hatásossága <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gyullad%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gyulladás">agyhártyagyulladás</a> ellen 80%-on felül, tbc ellen azonban csak 0 és 80% között van.</p> <p>Magyarországon a BCG védőoltás kötelező. Az újszülöttek jellemzően még a szülészeten megkapják. Megfelelő válaszreakció hiányában az oltást a gyermek féléves kora előtt akár többször is megismétlik. 14 éves korukban a gyermekeket újra ellenőrzik.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Antibiotikum-rezisztencia">Antibiotikum-rezisztencia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Antibiotikum-rezisztencia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Az HIV-fertőzés terjedése és a gümőkórvédelmi programok elhanyagolása hozzájárult az infekció felújulásához.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Az <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antibiotikum-ellen%C3%A1ll%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antibiotikum-ellenállás">antibiotikum-ellenálló</a> fajok terjedése ugyancsak elősegítette egy új járvány kialakulását 2000 és 2004 között, amikor az összes esetek 20%-a ellenállást tanúsított azelőtt hatásos gyógyszerekkel szemben, 2% pedig rezisztens volt a második arcvonalas, ún. <i>second-line drugs</i> ellen is.<sup id="cite_ref-MMWR2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MMWR2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Az ún. gyógyszerellenálló gümőkór az iparilag fejlett országok egészségvédelmének közös problémája, mert az ezzel fertőzött betegek kezelése hosszadalmas és drága.</p> <p>Két gyógyszerellenálló baktériumfajta különböztethető meg:</p> <ul> <li>a <i>Multi-drug resistant TB</i> <b>(MDR-TB)</b>, vagyis „több gyógyszernek ellenálló gümőkór baktériuma” legalább két első arcvonalban használt gyógyszernek (<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rifampicin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rifampicin">rifampicinnak</a> vagy izoniazidnak) is ellenáll;</li> <li>az <i>Extensively drug resistant TB</i> <b>(XDR-TB)</b>, vagyis „széles körű gyógyszerellenálló tbc baktérium” a hat második arcvonalban használt (hatásosabban kifejlesztett) gyógyszer közül legalább hárommal szemben ellenálló.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Történelmi_adatok"><span id="T.C3.B6rt.C3.A9nelmi_adatok"></span>Történelmi adatok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Történelmi adatok" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p>Találhatunk adatokat arra, hogy a tbc már a történelem előtti korban is jelen volt.</p> <p>Vázlatosan:</p> <ul> <li>500&nbsp;000 éves törökországi <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homo_erectus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homo erectus">homo erectus</a>-maradvány<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>i. e. 18&nbsp;000 – bölénycsontváz-maradvány</li> <li>i. e. 4000 – emberi csontvázmaradványok</li> <li>i. e. 3000-2600 – <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egyiptom?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egyiptom">egyiptomi</a> múmiák</li> <li>i. e. 2000 – <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9l-Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dél-Amerika">Dél-Amerika</a>: jelenlétének jelei</li> <li>i. e. 1300 – nagy járvány <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">Indiában</a></li> <li>i. e. 460 – a görögök a phthysisnak (ejtsd: fthiszisz), vagyis sorvadásnak nevezték a tbc-t</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hippokrat%C3%A9sz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hippokratész">Hippokratész</a>, az orvosi tudomány ősatyja a phthisist széles körben elterjedt, és mindig halálos betegségként jellemezte.</p> <p>A középkorban a betegséget mindenféle babonákkal kapcsolták össze.</p> <p>Az orvosi tudomány első képviselője, aki az ezres évek elején a pulmonáris tbc-tanulmányozta, Ibn Sina (<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avicenna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>) volt, aminek eredményét <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1020?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1020">1020</a>-ban közölte. Kijelentette, hogy a betegség fertőzés útján terjed, sokszor a talaj és a víz közvetítésével. Annak a cukorbajjal való kapcsolatát is felismerte. Így a betegség terjedésének gátlására a betegeket karanténba tette. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1689?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1689">1689</a>-ben Dr. Richard Morton tette közzé azon megfigyelését, hogy a pulmonáris betegség a beteg tüdejében gümők keletkezését okozza, de a tuberkulózis (gümőkór) nevet csak 1839-ben kezdték használni (J.L. Schönlein)</p> <p>Szisztematikus betegápolás <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1838?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1838">1838</a> és <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1845?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1845">1845</a> között kezdődött Dr. John Croghan mamutbarlangjában <i>(Mammoth cave),</i> az első <i>tüdőszanatóriumot</i> pedig <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1859">1859</a>-ben vették használatba a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Németország">német</a> Görbersdorfban, a mai <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengyelorsz%C3%A1g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengyelország">Lengyelországban</a> (lengyelül Sokolowsko). A tbc bacilusát először <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Koch?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a> német orvos mutatta ki <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikroszk%C3%B3pia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikroszkópia">mikroszkópiailag</a> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1882?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1882">1882</a>-ben, amiért <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1905?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1905">1905</a>-ben <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobel-d%C3%ADj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobel-díj">Nobel-díjat</a> is kapott. Mivel Koch nem látott kapcsolatot a marha és az emberi tbc között, a betegség tehéntej útján való terjedését csak később sejtették, és a fertőzés terjedését <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Pasteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> javaslatára a tej felhevítésével, <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paszt%C5%91r%C3%B6z%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pasztőrözés">pasztörizálásával</a> sikerült csökkenteni. Az első sikeres védőoltást <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906">1906</a>-ban <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Albert_Calmette&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Albert Calmette (a lap nem létezik)">Albert Calmette</a><sup id="cite_ref-CG_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CG-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> és <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Camille_Guerin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Camille Guerin (a lap nem létezik)">Camille Guerin</a><sup id="cite_ref-CG_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CG-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alkalmazta, és nevükből jött a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9d%C5%91olt%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Védőoltás">BCG</a> (bacilus Calmette-Guerin) oltás neve is. Emberi használata <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1921?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1921">1921</a>-ben kezdődött <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciaorsz%C3%A1g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciaország">Franciaországban</a>, de a széles körű használat csak a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Második világháború">második világháború</a> után <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amerikai Egyesült Államok">Amerikában</a>, <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglia">Angliában</a> és <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Németország">Németországban</a>.</p> <p>Már a múlt század elején meglátták, hogy nagy erőfeszítésekre lesz szükség a tbc elleni küzdelem megnyerésére, és különböző akciókat szerveztek e célból mindenhol a világon. Amerikában az <i>American Lung Association (Amerikai Tüdő Társaság)</i> volt az első képviselője ennek a mozgalomnak. Ott vezették be először a köpőcsésze-használatot is és a nyilvános köpködést is tiltani kezdték. A betegség terjedését akadályozó munka eredményeképpen Európában az egységre eső haláleset <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1850">1850</a> és <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950">1950</a> között tizedrészére csökkent.</p> <p>Magyarországon a 20. század első évtizedeiben a gümőkór a nemzetközi helyzetnél is sokkal súlyosabb közegészségügyi probléma volt, ezért is nevezték „<a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morbus_hungaricus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morbus hungaricus">Morbus hungaricus</a>”-nak. 1938-ban minden tizedik halálesetet a tbc okozott. 1940-ben <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_B%C3%A9la?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johan Béla">Johan Béla</a>, az egészségügy államtitkári rangú vezetője kezdeményezte az első tuberkulózis elleni törvényeket. Megindult a tüdőgondozói hálózat kiépítése. A második világháború befejezése után ez a munka nagyobb lendülettel folytatódott. 1948-ban már minden járásban volt tüdőgondozó, számuk 1944 és 1955 között 145-ről 180-ra emelkedett. 1946-ban megindult a BCG védőoltás tömeges alkalmazása, 1953-ban kötelező lett az újszülöttek oltása, majd az ötvenes évek végétől a bizonyos életkorokban előírt újraoltás. Az 1960-as és 70-es években 150 röntgenállomás évente több mint 7,5 millió vizsgálatot végzett. Az 1944-es 6000 ágyról 1965-re 16&nbsp;000-re emelkedett a tüdőbetegek kezelését szolgáló kórházi ágyak száma. Ingyenessé vált a gyógyszerellátás (PAS és bizonyos esetekben az akkor még rendkívül drága Streptomycin is). Ezekben az intézményekben jobb volt az élelmezés, és az ott dolgozók is plusz juttatásokban részesültek. A tüdőbaj elleni küzdelmet szakmailag az Országos Korányi Tbc Intézet irányította. Mindezek eredményeképpen a halálozás az 1938. évi szint egy tizedére csökkent.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Nagy lépést jelentett <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1946?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1946">1946</a>-ban az újonnan felfedezett <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antibiotikum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antibiotikum">sztreptomicin</a> használata. Az első, Magyarországon is használt hatásos, bár komoly mellékhatásokkal járó kemoterápiás szer a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Paraamino-szalicilsav&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Paraamino-szalicilsav (a lap nem létezik)">PAS</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (paraamino-szalicilsav) volt. Azelőtt a szanatóriumi pihenés mellett az egyetlen kezelés a mesterséges légmell (pneumothorax) volt,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emellett a nagyon előrehaladt állapotban levő fertőzés esetében két fő műtéti eljárást is alkalmaztak: az egyik, korábbi eljárásnál (mellkasplasztika) a bordák egy részének megrövidítésével a megbetegedett tüdő tartós összeesését idézték elő, később – a műtéti technikák fejlődésével – a tüdő megbetegedett részét sebészetileg eltávolító operációt kezdték alkalmazni.</p> <p>A több gyógyszernek ellenálló baktériumfajták elterjedése a betegség teljes leküzdésének reményét elhomályosította. Ezek terjedése miatt a betegség előfordulása az <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980-as_%C3%A9vek?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980-as évek">1980-as évek</a> óta ismét emelkedni kezdett. Ismételt javulást talán újabb gyógyszerek feltalálásától, gyorsabb diagnózistól, a betegápolás javulásától és a fertőzés terjedésének hathatósabb akadályozásától várhatunk. A helyzet a fejlődő világban – elsősorban gazdasági-szervezési okokból – kifejezetten rossz.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Állati_kapcsolat"><span id=".C3.81llati_kapcsolat"></span>Állati kapcsolat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Állati kapcsolat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p>A tbc-t <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eml%C5%91s%C3%B6k?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emlősök">emlősök</a> is terjeszthetik. Bár a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kutya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kutya">kutya</a> és a <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macska?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macska">macska</a> nem hordozója a bacilusnak, a vadállatok igen. Így <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalifornia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalifornia">Kalifornia</a> tiltja a gerbillus (angolul <i>gerbil</i>) <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Versenyeg%C3%A9rform%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Versenyegérformák">versenyegerek</a> házi kedvencként tartását. A <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szarvasmarha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szarvasmarha">marhákat</a> a <i>tuberculosis bovis</i> támadja meg, ami <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szarvas_(%C3%A1llat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szarvas (állat)">szarvasokra</a> is átragadhat. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Aj-Z%C3%A9land?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Új-Zéland">Új-Zélandon</a> azt tapasztalták, hogy a marha fertőzését az úgynevezett „vektor-állatok” (hordozók) jelenléte segíti elő. Így például az <i>ausztráliai seprűfarkú oposszum</i> <i>(australian brush-tailed possum)</i> kiirtásával remélik a betegség terjedését gátolni. Anglia és <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Drorsz%C3%A1g?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Írország">Írország</a> a borzot minősíti az állati tbc vektorállatának, de még nincs egyetértés, hogy a hordozók kiirtása hathatós fegyver-e az állati tbc előfordulásainak csökkentésére.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Jegyzetek">Jegyzetek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Jegyzetek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="ref-1col"> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-gap: 3em; -moz-column-gap: 3em; column-gap: 3em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://e-nyelv.hu/2019-08-27/betuszok-irasa/"><i>betűszók írása</i></a> (magyar nyelven). <i>e-nyelv.hu</i>. (Hozzáférés: 2022. március 24.)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miliaris tbc apró, 1-5 mm nagyságú, kölesmag kinézetű pontok alakjában mutatkozik a Röntgen képen, innen a neve, (millet=köles)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.pharmasoft.hu/morbus/disease.jsp?id%3D41637%26page_id%3D4%26"><i>Miliáris tbc</i></a> (magyar nyelven). Pharmasoft</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Harrison_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book citation" style="font-style:normal">Raviglione MC, O'Brien RJ.szerk.: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Isselbacher KJ, eds.: Tuberculosis, <i>Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine</i>, 16th ed., McGraw-Hill Professional, 953–66. o.. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071402357">10.1036/0071402357</a> (2004). <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:K%C3%B6nyvforr%C3%A1sok/0071402357?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciális:Könyvforrások/0071402357">ISBN 0071402357</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Harrison%27s+Principles+of+Internal+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Tuberculosis&amp;rft.au=Raviglione+MC%2C+O%27Brien+RJ&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.edition=16th+ed.&amp;rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&amp;rft.pages=953%E2%80%9366&amp;rft.isbn=0071402357&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1036%2F0071402357"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/"><i>WHO TB</i></a></span> (Az angol WP idézete szerint a Föld összlakosságának egy harmada)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.hazipatika.com/napi_egeszseg/orvosnal/cikkek/a_dohanyosok_gyakrabban_kapnak_tbc-t"><i>A dohányosok gyakrabban kapnak tbc-t</i></a>. <i>Házipatika</i>. (Hozzáférés: 2023. október 12.)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.webbeteg.hu/cikkek/egeszseges/7404/passziv-dohanyzas-es-tbc"><i>Passzív dohányzás és tbc</i></a>. <i>WEBBeteg</i>, 2010. február 11. (Hozzáférés: 2023. október 12.)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html">WHO – Tuberculosis</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Az ezredfordulói <i>Development goal</i> célkitűzései: A tbc esetek legalább 70%-ának köpetvizsgálatos felderítése; a felderített esetek legalább 85%-ának meggyógyítása; a tbc által okozott halálesetek felére csökkentése 1990-hoz viszonyítva; 2050-re a tbc által képviselt közegészségügyi probléma teljes felszámolása (egy millió személyből egynél kevesebb legyen) </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Madison_2001-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Madison_2001_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book citation" style="font-style:normal">Madison B (2001). „Application of stains in clinical microbiology”. <i>Biotech Histochem</i> <b>76</b> (3), 119–25. o. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714028138">10.1080/714028138</a>. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1052-0295">1052-0295</a>. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PubMed-azonos%C3%ADt%C3%B3" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11475314">11475314</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Application+of+stains+in+clinical+microbiology&amp;rft.jtitle=Biotech+Histochem&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.volume=76&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.au=Madison+B&amp;rft.pages=119%E2%80%9325&amp;rft.issn=1052-0295&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/11475314&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F714028138"><span style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-TX-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TX_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TX_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://telex.hu/tudomany/2023/10/09/kozel-volt-a-tbc-vakcina-de-az-ovsomor-oltasban-nagyobb-uzlet-volt-tuberkulozis-gyogyszeripar-gsk">Közel volt egy halálos betegség elleni vakcina, de a gyártó inkább a pénz felé fordult</a> (Telex.hu, 2023. október 9.)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-TDRreport-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TDRreport_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Onyebujoh, Phillip and Rook, Graham A. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/20041120214500/www.who.int/tdr/dw/tb2004.htm">World Health Organization Disease Watch: Focus: Tuberculosis.</a> December 2004. Elérés: 2008. június 27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rao_2005-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rao_2005_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book citation" style="font-style:normal">Rao K, Kauser F, Srinivas S, Zanetti S, Sechi L, Ahmed N, Hasnain S (2005). „<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-microbiology_2005-12_43_12/page/5978">Analysis of genomic downsizing on the basis of region-of-difference polymorphism profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis patient isolates reveals geographic partitioning</a>”. <i>J Clin Microbiol</i> <b>43</b> (12), 5978–82. o. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.12.5978-5982.2005">10.1128/JCM.43.12.5978-5982.2005</a>. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PubMed-azonos%C3%ADt%C3%B3" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16333085">16333085</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Analysis+of+genomic+downsizing+on+the+basis+of+region-of-difference+polymorphism+profiling+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+patient+isolates+reveals+geographic+partitioning&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Clin+Microbiol&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.au=Rao+K%2C+Kauser+F%2C+Srinivas+S%2C+Zanetti+S%2C+Sechi+L%2C+Ahmed+N%2C+Hasnain+S&amp;rft.pages=5978%E2%80%9382&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/16333085&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.43.12.5978-5982.2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-clinical-microbiology_2005-12_43_12%2Fpage%2F5978"><span style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book citation" style="font-style:normal">Iademarco MF, Castro KG (2003). „Epidemiology of tuberculosis”. <i>Seminars in respiratory infections</i> <b>18</b> (4), 225–40. o. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268801005532">10.1017/S0950268801005532</a>. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PubMed-azonos%C3%ADt%C3%B3" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14679472">14679472</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+tuberculosis&amp;rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+respiratory+infections&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.au=Iademarco+MF%2C+Castro+KG&amp;rft.pages=225%E2%80%9340&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/14679472&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268801005532"><span style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-MMWR2006-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MMWR2006_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book citation" style="font-style:normal"> (2006) „<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5511a2.htm">Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second-line drugs—worldwide, 2000–2004</a>”. <i>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</i> <b>55</b> (11), 301–5. o. <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PubMed-azonos%C3%ADt%C3%B3" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16557213">16557213</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Emergence+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+with+extensive+resistance+to+second-line+drugs%E2%80%94worldwide%2C+2000%E2%80%932004&amp;rft.jtitle=MMWR+Morb+Mortal+Wkly+Rep&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=55&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=301%E2%80%935&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/16557213&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmmwr%2Fpreview%2Fmmwrhtml%2Fmm5511a2.htm"><span style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/117859722/">http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/117859722/</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/117859722/"><span title="&nbsp; 2019-04">halott link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> J. Kappelman et al.: <i>First Homo erectus from Turkey and implications for migrations into temperate Eurasia</i>, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, early view, published Online: 7 Dec 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-CG-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CG_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CG_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641786"><i>Albert Calmette és Camille Guerin</i></a> (angol nyelven)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Lépes Péter: Morbus hungaricus - a felejtés. Népszabadság, 2014. április 16.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Vadász Imre: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007150812/http://sunrise.sote.hu/htsz/vadaszi2.htm"><i>A tuberkulózis kemoterápiája - van-e szerepe a háziorvosnak?</i></a> (magyar nyelven). Országos Korányi Tbc és Pulmonológiai Intézet, Budapest, 1996. [2011. október 7-i dátummal az <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://sunrise.sote.hu/htsz/vadaszi2.htm">eredetiből</a> archiválva]. (Hozzáférés: 2012. október 27.)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Pneumothorax</b> egy orvosi, fiziológiai eljárás, amely (tiszta) levegőt tölt a beteg tüdő és a mellhártya közé, az emiatt bekövetkező tüdőösszeesés hegedést előmozdító hatása reményében</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="ref-1col"> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-gap: 3em; -moz-column-gap: 3em; column-gap: 3em;"></div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kapcsolódó_szócikkek"><span id="Kapcsol.C3.B3d.C3.B3_sz.C3.B3cikkek"></span>Kapcsolódó szócikkek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Kapcsolódó szócikkek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sebastian_Kneipp?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sebastian Kneipp">Kneipp-kúra</a></li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mellh%C3%A1rtya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mellhártya">Mellhártya</a></li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kor%C3%A1nyi_Frigyes_(orvos)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korányi Frigyes (orvos)">Korányi Frigyes</a></li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budakeszierd%C5%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budakeszierdő">Budakeszierdő</a></li> <li><a href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BCd%C5%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tüdő">Tüdő</a> (Légmell – Pneumothorax – PTX szakasz)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="További_információk"><span id="Tov.C3.A1bbi_inform.C3.A1ci.C3.B3k"></span>További információk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: További információk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>szerkesztés</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul> <li>Kovács Gábor: <i>A tuberkulózisról – másképpen</i>; Medicina, Bp., 2022</li> </ul> <table style="" class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-notice"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="ambox-text">Az itt található információk kizárólag tájékoztató jellegűek, <a 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<footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://hu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCm%C5%91k%C3%B3r&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="188.143.125.237" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1728512798"> <span>Utoljára szerkesztve 2024. október 9., 23:26-kor</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Nyelvek</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en 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data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2597" title="क्षयरोग – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्षयरोग" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="jó szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584" title="سل – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584" title="سل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="ajánlott szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="যক্ষ্মা – asszámi" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="যক্ষ্মা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asszámi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – asztúr" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asztúr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2580" title="टीबी – awádi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="टीबी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awádi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisiku" title="Tisiku – ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Tisiku" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599m" title="Vərəm – azerbajdzsáni" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vərəm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzsáni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584" title="ورم/سل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ورم/سل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="jó szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулёз – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Туберкулёз" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C5%25BEiuova" title="Džiuova – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Džiuova" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулёз – belarusz" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Туберкулёз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%258B" title="Сухоты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сухоты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Туберкулоза – bolgár" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туберкулоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgár" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A9r%25C3%25A9ng" title="Téréng – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Téréng" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25AB%25E1%2582%258F" title="တီဘီရောႏဂါႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တီဘီရောႏဂါႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C9%2594g%25C9%2594s%25C9%2594g%25C9%2594nic%25C9%259B" title="Sɔgɔsɔgɔnicɛ – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sɔgɔsɔgɔnicɛ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="যক্ষ্মা – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যক্ষ্মা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BE%25B3%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%2585%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BC%258D" title="གློ་གཅོང་གི་ནད། – tibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གློ་གཅོང་གི་ནད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torzhellegezh" title="Torzhellegezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Torzhellegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza – bosnyák" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tuberkuloza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnyák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D2%25AF%25D1%2580%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5%25D1%258D_%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B1%25D1%2588%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Сүрьеэ үбшэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сүрьеэ үбшэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="kiemelt szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosi" title="Tuberculosi – katalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tuberculosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25DB%2595" title="دەردەباریکە – közép-ázsiai kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەردەباریکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="közép-ázsiai kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="jó szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkul%25C3%25B3za" title="Tuberkulóza – cseh" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tuberkulóza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cseh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулёз – csuvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Туберкулёз" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="csuvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dici%25C3%25A2u" title="Diciâu – walesi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Diciâu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="ajánlott szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose – dán" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tuberkulose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C9%2594himpi%25C9%259Bligu" title="Kɔhimpiɛligu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kɔhimpiɛligu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="kiemelt szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose – német" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tuberkulose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="német" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nya%25C5%258Byiel" title="Nyaŋyiel – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Nyaŋyiel" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2597" title="क्षयरोग – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="क्षयरोग" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="jó szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A6%25CF%2585%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CF%2589%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7" title="Φυματίωση – görög" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυματίωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="görög" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulozo" title="Tuberkulozo – eszperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tuberkulozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="eszperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloos" title="Tuberkuloos – észt" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuberkuloos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="észt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosi" title="Tuberkulosi – baszk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tuberkulosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baszk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584" title="سل – perzsa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloosi" title="Tuberkuloosi – finn" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuberkuloosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiisikus" title="Tiisikus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tiisikus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberklar" title="Tuberklar – feröeri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tuberklar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feröeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculose" title="Tuberculose – francia" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tuberculose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teerin" title="Teerin – északi fríz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Teerin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="északi fríz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="jó szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloaze" title="Tuberkuloaze – nyugati fríz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tuberkuloaze" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="nyugati fríz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_eitinn" title="An eitinn – ír" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An eitinn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberkiloz_moun" title="Tiberkiloz moun – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tiberkiloz moun" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%2527_Chaitheamh" title="A' Chaitheamh – skóciai kelta" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Chaitheamh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skóciai kelta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculose" title="Tuberculose – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tuberculose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%2527asy_po%2527i" title="Mba'asy po'i – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'asy po'i" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B7%25E0%25AA%25AF_%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%258B%25E0%25AA%2597" title="ક્ષય રોગ – gudzsaráti" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્ષય રોગ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudzsaráti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorley_shymlee" title="Gorley shymlee – man-szigeti" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gorley shymlee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="man-szigeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarin_fuka" title="Tarin fuka – hausza" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarin fuka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot-th%25C3%25A2m-f%25C3%25B3" title="Pot-thâm-fó – hakka kínai" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pot-thâm-fó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%2597%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA" title="שחפת – héber" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שחפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="héber" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="यक्ष्मा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यक्ष्मा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/TB" title="TB – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="TB" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="kiemelt szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza – horvát" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tuberkuloza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%25C3%25A8kiloz" title="Tibèkiloz – haiti kreol" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tibèkiloz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258F%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B8%25D5%25A6" title="Տուբերկուլոզ – örmény" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուբերկուլոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="örmény" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AD%25D5%25BF" title="Թոքախտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թոքախտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis – indonéz" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tuberkulosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daig" title="Daig – ilokó" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Daig" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkloso" title="Tuberkloso – idó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tuberkloso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berklar" title="Berklar – izlandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Berklar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="izlandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubercolosi" title="Tubercolosi – olasz" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tubercolosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="olasz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25B5%2590%25E6%25A0%25B8" title="結核 – japán" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結核" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyuubakuluosis" title="Tyuubakuluosis – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tyuubakuluosis" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis – jávai" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tuberkulosis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2598" title="ტუბერკულოზი – grúz" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუბერკულოზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="grúz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpeziw%25C9%25A9la%25C9%25A3_k%25CA%258Ad%25C9%2594%25C5%258B" title="Kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулез – kazah" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туберкулез" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B2%25AF" title="ಕ್ಷಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಷಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B2%25B0%25ED%2595%25B5" title="결핵 – koreai" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결핵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25B9%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C" title="ٹی بی – kasmíri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹی بی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasmíri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloz" title="Tuberkuloz – kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tuberkuloz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2583%25D1%2587%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA" title="Кургак учук – kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кургак учук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthisis" title="Phthisis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phthisis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulos" title="Tuberkulos – luxemburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tuberkulos" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC" title="Верем – lezg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Верем" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculose" title="Tuberculose – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tuberculose" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akafuba_bulwadde" title="Akafuba bulwadde – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Akafuba bulwadde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taering" title="Taering – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Taering" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisi" title="Tisi – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tisi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%25C3%25A9lekilosi" title="Tibélekilosi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tibélekilosi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25A7%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2582%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%2581" title="ວັນນະໂລກ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວັນນະໂລກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulioz%25C4%2597" title="Tuberkuliozė – litván" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tuberkuliozė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litván" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloze" title="Tuberkuloze – lett" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuberkuloze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lett" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Туберкулоза – macedón" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туберкулоза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582" title="ക്ഷയം – malajálam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്ഷയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D2%25AF%25D1%2580%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5%25D1%258D" title="Сүрьеэ – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сүрьеэ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2597" title="क्षय रोग – maráthi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्षय रोग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis – maláj" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tuberkulosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="maláj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulo%25C5%25BCi" title="Tuberkulożi – máltai" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tuberkulożi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="máltai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25AB" title="တီဘီရောဂါ – burmai" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တီဘီရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C4%2593tz%25C4%2581uhcocoliztli" title="Tētzāuhcocoliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tētzāuhcocoliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose – alsónémet" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tuberkulose" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alsónémet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2597" title="क्षयरोग – nepáli" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्षयरोग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepáli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258D" title="गंल्वय् – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गंल्वय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculose" title="Tuberculose – holland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tuberculose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose – norvég (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tuberkulose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvég (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulose" title="Tuberkulose – norvég (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tuberkulose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvég (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C3%25A9%25C3%25AD%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A1d%25C4%25AF%25C4%25AFh" title="Jéíʼádįįh – navahó" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Jéíʼádįįh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navahó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifuwa_Chachikulu" title="Chifuwa Chachikulu – nyandzsa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chifuwa Chachikulu" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyandzsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubercul%25C3%25B2si" title="Tuberculòsi – okszitán" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tuberculòsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okszitán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%25AF%25E0%25AC%2595%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25B7%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25AE%25E0%25AC%25BE" title="ଯକ୍ଷ୍ମା – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯକ୍ଷ୍ମା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਟੀਬੀ – pandzsábi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੀਬੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandzsábi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gru%25C5%25BAlica_cz%25C5%2582owieka" title="Gruźlica człowieka – lengyel" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gruźlica człowieka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lengyel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25B9%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C" title="ٹی بی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹی بی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25DA%2581" title="نری رنځ – pastu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نری رنځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculose" title="Tuberculose – portugál" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tuberculose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhaqya_unquy" title="Qhaqya unquy – kecsua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhaqya unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kecsua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="jó szócikk"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculoz%25C4%2583" title="Tuberculoză – román" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tuberculoză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="román" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулёз – orosz" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туберкулёз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="orosz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Туберкулоза – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Туберкулоза" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%2583" title="क्षयरोगः – szanszkrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्षयरोगः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="szanszkrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Сэллик – szaha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэллик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="szaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A6%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B8%25E1%25B1%25A5" title="ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱸᱥ – szantáli" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱸᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="szantáli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisich%25C3%25A8ntzia" title="Tisichèntzia – szardíniai" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tisichèntzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="szardíniai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubbirculosi" title="Tubbirculosi – szicíliai" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tubbirculosi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="szicíliai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25DB%2581" title="سلهہ – szindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سلهہ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="szindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza – szerbhorvát" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tuberkuloza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="szerbhorvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B6%25BA_%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ක්‍ෂය රෝගය – szingaléz" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍ෂය රෝගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="szingaléz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkul%25C3%25B3za" title="Tuberkulóza – szlovák" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tuberkulóza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="szlovák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza – szlovén" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tuberkuloza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="szlovén" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulos" title="Tuberkulos – inari számi" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tuberkulos" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari számi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulozi" title="Tuberkulozi – albán" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tuberkulozi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Туберкулоза – szerb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туберкулоза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="szerb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – sziszuati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="sziszuati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefuba" title="Lefuba – déli szeszotó" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lefuba" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="déli szeszotó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis – szundanéz" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tuberkulosis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="szundanéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulos" title="Tuberkulos – svéd" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tuberkulos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svéd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifua_kikuu" title="Kifua kikuu – szuahéli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifua kikuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="szuahéli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubera" title="Tubera – sziléziai" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tubera" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sziléziai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259A_%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%258D" title="காச நோய் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காச நோய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B7%25E0%25B0%25AF" title="క్షయ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షయ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB" title="Бемории сил – tadzsik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бемории сил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzsik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2593%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2584" title="วัณโรค – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัณโรค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%25C3%25A7ekesel" title="Inçekesel – türkmén" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Inçekesel" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="türkmén" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tuberkulosis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verem" title="Verem – török" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Verem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="török" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meru_mnarux_teerang" title="Meru mnarux teerang – tarokó" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Meru mnarux teerang" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarokó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулёз – tatár" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туберкулёз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatár" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsamanwa" title="Nsamanwa – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsamanwa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкулёз – tuvai" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Туберкулёз" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7" title="Туберкульоз – ukrán" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туберкульоз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584" title="سل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil" title="Sil – üzbég" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="üzbég" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao" title="Lao – vietnámi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnámi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitizeye_des_djins" title="Pitizeye des djins – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pitizeye des djins" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – varaó" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BB%2593%25E6%25A0%25B8%25E7%2597%2585" title="结核病 – wu kínai" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="结核病" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_sephepha" title="Isifo sephepha – xhosza" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isifo sephepha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%2596" title="טובערקולאז – jiddis" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טובערקולאז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauzae" title="Lauzae – zsuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lauzae" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zsuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BB%2593%25E6%25A0%25B8%25E7%2597%2585" title="结核病 – kínai" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="结核病" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a 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