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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kildesituasjonen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kildesituasjonen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kildesituasjonen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kildesituasjonen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Kildesituasjonen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kildesituasjonen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biografiene_(sira)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografiene_(sira)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Biografiene (sira)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografiene_(sira)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sitatsamlingene_(hadith)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sitatsamlingene_(hadith)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sitatsamlingene (hadith)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sitatsamlingene_(hadith)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Andre kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_familie_og_tidlige_liv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_familie_og_tidlige_liv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Muhammeds familie og tidlige liv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_familie_og_tidlige_liv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kallet_og_forkynner_610-622" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kallet_og_forkynner_610-622"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kallet og forkynner 610-622</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kallet_og_forkynner_610-622-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammed_som_verdslig_og_åndelig_leder_i_Medina_622-632" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammed_som_verdslig_og_åndelig_leder_i_Medina_622-632"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Muhammed som verdslig og åndelig leder i Medina 622-632</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammed_som_verdslig_og_åndelig_leder_i_Medina_622-632-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_kvinner_og_barn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_kvinner_og_barn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Muhammeds kvinner og barn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Muhammeds_kvinner_og_barn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Muhammeds kvinner og barn</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_kvinner_og_barn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Khadijah_bint_khuwailid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khadijah_bint_khuwailid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Khadijah bint khuwailid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khadijah_bint_khuwailid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Øvrige_koner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Øvrige_koner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Øvrige koner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Øvrige_koner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konkubiner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konkubiner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Konkubiner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konkubiner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etter_Muhammeds_død" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etter_Muhammeds_død"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Etter Muhammeds død</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etter_Muhammeds_død-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avbildning_av_Muhammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avbildning_av_Muhammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Avbildning av Muhammed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avbildning_av_Muhammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammed</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 216 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-216" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">216 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAhame%C3%B0" title="Múhameð – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múhameð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%83%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%8F%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%8F%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%90%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5" title="መሐመድ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሐመድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%95" title="ܡܘܚܡܕ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܚܡܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B3ma" title="Maóma – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maóma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="МухӀаммад – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МухӀаммад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d" title="Məhəmməd – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="حضرت محمد – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حضرت محمد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_(%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%B9%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр) – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магамет – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магамет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухамад – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мухамад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мохамед – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохамед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མུ་ཧ་མད། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མུ་ཧ་མད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммет пихампар – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мухаммет пихампар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magumetu" title="Magumetu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Magumetu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A9ammad" title="Muḩammad – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muḩammad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8" title="Μωάμεθ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωάμεθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamedo" title="Mohamedo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohamedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelaa%C9%97o_Muhammadu" title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamad" title="Mahamad – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mahamad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahommad" title="Mahommad – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mahommad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6" title="મુહમ્મદ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુહમ્મદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C" title="무함마드 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무함마드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohameka" title="Mohameka – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mohameka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մուհամմադ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուհամմադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maometto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מוחמד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukamad" title="Mukamad – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mukamad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AD%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AF" title="مُحَمَّد – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُحَمَّد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мұхаммед – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomm" title="Mahomm – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mahomm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhemmed" title="Muhemmed – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muhemmed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммед пайгамбар – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мухаммед пайгамбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="МухӀаммад идавс – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="МухӀаммад идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometus" title="Mahometus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahometus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhameds" title="Muhameds – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muhameds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мугьаммад – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мугьаммад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometas" title="Mahometas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mahometas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeamed" title="Moeamed – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moeamed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_pr%C3%B3f%C3%A9ta" title="Mohamed próféta – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohamed próféta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamady" title="Mohamady – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mohamady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മുഹമ്മദ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%A7ammed" title="Muħammed – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Muħammed" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မိုဟာမက် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဟာမက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mametto" title="Mametto – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mametto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫ – nʼko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nʼko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухьаммад – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мухьаммад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мохаммад – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мохаммад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6" title="ମହମ୍ମଦ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହମ୍ମଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A" title="មហាម៉េដ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាម៉េដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroumet" title="Maroumet – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Maroumet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxammed" title="Muxammed – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Muxammed" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Могамед – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Могамед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83h%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Муhаммед – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Муhаммед" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="मुहम्मद् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुहम्मद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85" title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoma" title="Maoma – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Maoma" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammedi" title="Muhammedi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhammedi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumettu" title="Maumettu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maumettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="මහම්මද්තුමා – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහම්මද්තුමා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Maxamed_c.s" title="Nebi Maxamed c.s – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nebi Maxamed c.s" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF" title="محەممەد – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="முகம்மது நபி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்மது நபி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" title="Muḥammad – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Muḥammad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5emmed" title="Muḥemmed – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muḥemmed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุฮัมมัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаммад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwamet" title="Muwamet – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muwamet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магомет – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магомет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="محمد بن عبد اللہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد بن عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometo" title="Maometo – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maometo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawoumet" title="Mawoumet – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mawoumet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93" title="מוכאמאד – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוכאמאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9h%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%A1d%C3%B9" title="Mùhọ́mádù – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mùhọ́mádù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="模罕默德 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="模罕默德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hemmed" title="Mıhemmed – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhemmed" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ammed" title="Mo'ammed – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mo'ammed" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuomets" title="Mahuomets – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mahuomets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Mohammed" title="Prophet Mohammed – dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Prophet Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad_SAW" title="Nabi Muhammad SAW – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nabi Muhammad SAW" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ – standard marrokansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marrokansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muhammed" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Muhammed" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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For navnet, se <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid 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td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24461009"><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Muhammed</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/250px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/375px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg/500px-Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/20._april" title="20. april">20. apr.</a> <a href="/wiki/571" title="571">571</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-1eb8f985845b27bc20df1a7c2efb97b6ba43316f_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-1eb8f985845b27bc20df1a7c2efb97b6ba43316f-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-931412bf60b53730e2f9b4f95a0213344d9d275c_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-931412bf60b53730e2f9b4f95a0213344d9d275c-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-796fb7d12859b2b19f49e2e06a5548c700ed0c40_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-796fb7d12859b2b19f49e2e06a5548c700ed0c40-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458?uselang=nb#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P570 edit-props-P20 edit-props-P509">Død</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/8._juni" title="8. juni">8. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a></span><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458?uselang=nb#P570" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (61 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gjeter" title="Gjeter">Gjeter</a>, speditør, <a href="/wiki/Handelsmann" title="Handelsmann">handelsmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Predikant" title="Predikant">predikant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politiker" title="Politiker">politiker</a>, militær leder <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Ektefelle</th><td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sentrert">13 oppføringer</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Khadija_bint_Khuwaylid" title="Khadija bint Khuwaylid">Khadija bint Khuwaylid</a> (<span title="startdato: 595">595</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 619">619</span>) (avslutningsårsak: ektefelles død)<br />Sawda bint Zamʿa (<span title="startdato: 619">619</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Hafsa bint Umar (<span title="startdato: 624">624</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Juwayriyya bint al-Harith (<span title="startdato: 628">628</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br /><a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a> (<span title="startdato: 619">619</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Zaynab bint Jahsh (<span title="startdato: 627">627</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Safiyya bint Huyayy (<span title="startdato: 629">629</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Zaynab bint Khuzayma (<span title="startdato: 625">625</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 627">627</span>) (avslutningsårsak: ektefelles død)<br />Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya (<span title="startdato: 629">629</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Ramla bint Abi Sufyan (<span title="startdato: 628">628</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Rayhana bint Zayd ibn ʿAmr (<span title="startdato: 629">629</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 631">631</span>) (avslutningsårsak: ektefelles død)<br /><a href="/wiki/Maria_al-Qibtiyya" title="Maria al-Qibtiyya">Maria al-Qibtiyya</a> (<span title="startdato: 630">630</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)<br />Maymuna bint al-Harith (<span title="startdato: 630">630</span>–<span title="sluttdato: 632">632</span>) (avslutningsårsak: personens død)</div> </div> </td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Far</th><td colspan="2">Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Mor</th><td colspan="2">Aminah</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Barn</th><td colspan="2"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sentrert">7 oppføringer</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content">Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad<br />Qasim ibn Muhammad<br />Ibrahim ibn Muhammad<br />Zainab bint Muhammad<br />Ruqayyah bint Muhammad<br />Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad<br /><a href="/wiki/Fatima_az-Zahra" title="Fatima az-Zahra">Fatima az-Zahra</a></div> </div> </td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Gravlagt</th><td colspan="2">Sacred Prophetic Chamber</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muhammad">Muhammed på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Muhammed</b>, <b>Muhammed ibn Abdullah</b> eller <b>Muhammed ibn Abd Allah</b>, (født ca. <a href="/wiki/570" title="570">570</a>, død <a href="/wiki/8._juni" title="8. juni">8. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a> i <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>) var en <a href="/wiki/Politisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk">politisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Religiøs">religiøs</a> leder. Han anses som grunnleggeren av <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. Han regnes av <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">muslimer</a> og i <a href="/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai">Bahai</a> som <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a> inneholder åpenbaringene Muhammed mottok som <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allahs</a> profet fra ca. <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a> til han døde. Muhammed var ved sin død statsleder for den vestlige delen av <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_halv%C3%B8y" title="Den arabiske halvøy">Den arabiske halvøya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navnet, som på <a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> skrives <b>محمد</b>, kan med latinske bokstaver også skrives Muhammad, Mohammad, Mohammed og Mahomet. Ordet er arabisk og betyr «den høylovede». </p><p>Muhammed nevnes i den muslimske <a href="/wiki/Trosbekjennelse" title="Trosbekjennelse">trosbekjennelsen</a>: «Det finnes ingen gud utenom Gud, og Muhammed er hans sendebud». En troende muslim vil si «<i>Fred være med ham</i>» hver gang han/hun nevner Muhammeds navn. I skrift uttrykkes dette ved å skrive <code>(fvmh)</code> etter navnet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kildesituasjonen">Kildesituasjonen</h2></div> <p>Det finnes ikke bevarte skriftlige kilder om Muhammed fra Muhammeds samtid. Den eldste muslimske kilden vi har er Koranen. Den skal etter tradisjonen ha blitt samlet til en bok om lag 20 år etter hans død. Det er imidlertid ingen bevis for eksistensen av Koranen i noen form før på 690-tallet, og tradisjonen som plasserer den til om lag 650 er fra midten av 700-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammed er bare nevnt direkte fire ganger i Koranen, men det gir lite støtte for en biografi om Muhammed, og mange av ytringene mangler en historisk sammenheng. </p><p>Det er kjent noen brev som Muhammed skal ha sendt til statsledere i andre land. Han sendte åtte ambassadører til åtte konger og guvernører, for å kalle dem til islam. Han omtaler seg selv da som Allahs budbringer eller apostel.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ektheten av brevene er omdiskutert.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Brev til lederen i Bahrain."><img alt="Brev til lederen i Bahrain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png/120px-Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png/180px-Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png/240px-Muhammad_Bahrain_letter_facsimile.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brev til lederen i Bahrain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brev adressert til kopternes guvernør (Muqawqa) i Egypt."><img alt="Brev adressert til kopternes guvernør (Muqawqa) i Egypt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg/120px-Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg/180px-Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg/240px-Muhammad_letter_maqoqas_egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brev adressert til kopternes guvernør (Muqawqa) i Egypt.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Muhammeds tilhengere skal ha vært omtalt i én samtidig <a href="/wiki/Bysantisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bysantisk">bysantisk</a> kilde som omtaler <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Mutah" title="Slaget ved Mutah">slaget ved Mutah</a>, men originalkilden er tapt.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kunnskapen om Muhammeds liv bygger i hovedsak på muntlige overleveringer, som ble samlet inn og nedtegnet midt på 700-tallet og utover. Stoffet ble samlet i biografier – kalt <i><a href="/wiki/Sirat_Rasul_Allah" title="Sirat Rasul Allah">sira</a></i>, og i temaordnede sitatsamlinger – kalt <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i>. </p><p>Biografiene og sitatsamlingene spiller en viktig rolle i tolkningen av Koranen. De prøver blant annet å forklare i hvilke sammenhenger Muhammed sto fram med de ulike delene av Koranen. </p><p>I tillegg er det noen bysantinske og syriske kilder. </p><p>Kildesituasjonen er så dårlig at noen få forskere har hevdet at Muhammed ikke kan ha levd.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biografiene_(sira)"><span id="Biografiene_.28sira.29"></span>Biografiene (sira)</h3></div> <p>Biografikunnskapen om Muhamed er i hovedsak fra: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urwah_ibn_al-Zubayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urwah ibn al-Zubayr (ikke skrevet ennå)">Urwah ibn al-Zubayr</a> (død 713) skrev brev som svar på henvendelser fra en kalif om <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Badr" title="Slaget ved Badr">slaget ved Badr</a>. Han er ikke kjent for å ha skrevet bøker om emnet.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wahb_ibn_Munabbih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahb ibn Munabbih (ikke skrevet ennå)">Wahb ibn Munabbih</a> (død ca. 725-737) skal ha skrevet flere bøker om Muhammed, men ingen er bevart. Noe er bevart som sitater hos andre.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri</a> (død ca. 737-742) samlet noe stoff, og kan ha vært en hovedkilde for ibn Ishaq.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_ibn_%CA%BF_Uqba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa ibn ʿ Uqba (ikke skrevet ennå)">Musa ibn ʿ Uqba</a> var elev av al-Zuhri, og skrev en notisbok for å undervise sine studenter. Den er nå tapt. Noe er bevart som sitater, men henvisninger til ham er omstridt.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a> (født ca. 704 og død 767 eller 761) var elev av al-Zuhri. Han samlet inn muntlige tradisjoner som dannet grunnlaget for en viktig og omfattende biografi – <i>Livet til Allahs profet</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sirat_Rasul_Allah" title="Sirat Rasul Allah">Sirat Rasul Allah</a>). Hans biografi er bevart i en redigert form gjennom <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham">Ibn Hisham</a> (død 833) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed ibn Jarir al-Tabari (ikke skrevet ennå)">Muhammed ibn Jarir al-Tabari</a>. Ibn Ishaq gjorde utstrakt bruk av kildehenvisninger, det vil si hvem han hadde opplysningene fra og hvem de igjen skal ha fått det fra. Når han fikk overlevert avvikende opplysninger fra flere informanter, gjengir han ofte ulike varianter av samme fortelling, med tilleggskommentaren at bare Allah vet hva som er rett.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abu Abdullah Muhammed Ibn Omar ibn Waqid al-Aslami (kjent som al-Waqid) (født ca. 748) skrev verket "Boken om historien og felttoget", som omhandler Muhammeds ti siste leveår. Den er bevart.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abu Jafar Muhammed bin Jari al-Tabari (født ca. 839) skrev verket "Profeters og kongers historie". Flere bind er viet Muhammeds liv.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Senere fulgte andre biografer som i stor grad bygger på Ibn Ishaqs, men presenterer også annet tradisjonsstoff, som Ibn Kathir på 1300-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Personbiografiene (<i>Sirat</i>) om Muhammed oppfattes innen islam som «historiefortellinger uten direkte 'juridisk' eller teologisk betydning», og beskrevet som en motsetning til <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>; det er hadith som har dannet grunnlaget for «det 'Muhammed-bilde' som den tidlige islamske 'samtiden' satte opp som et mønster for et godt og rettskaffent liv og en 'korrekt' islamsk levemåte.»<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siden biografiene bygger på muntlige kilder, er det en del forskjeller, men de er i stor grad samstemte om hovedtrekkene. Det kan skyldes at alle har brukt biografien til Muhammed Ibn Ishaq som kilde. Både al-Waqid og al-Tabari har trolig hatt tilgang på en eldre variant av biografien til Ibn Ishaq, enn den som er bevart. De viser til tekster hos Ibn Ishaq som senere er redigert bort.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kildene ble betraktet som levende kilder som ble omskrevet og omredigert, som tilpasset seg den til enhver tid rådende teologiske tenkningen i samtiden.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det er ofte bemerket at et sammenhengende bilde av Muhammed ikke kan dannes fra biografiene. Sannhetsinnholdet har blitt gransket på en rekke ulike grunnlag.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wim Raven lister opp følgende argumenter mot kvaliteten av biografiene som at ingen biografier ble utarbeidet i løpet av det første århundret av islam, de mange uoverensstemmelser i forskjellige fortellingene, at yngre kilder hevder å vite mer om Muhammed enn eldre, at det er avvik i forhold til ikke-muslimske kilder, at enkelte deler av biografiene, som mirakler, er uegnet som kilder, at ektheten av poesien gjengitt av Ibn Ishaq, som enten umulig kan ha tilhøre gamle perioder i arabisk kultur eller har blitt tilskrevet personer som ikke er kjent for å ha skrevet dikt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sitatsamlingene_(hadith)"><span id="Sitatsamlingene_.28hadith.29"></span>Sitatsamlingene (hadith)</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> er tekster som ble samlet fra 800-tallet og senere; de forteller om hva Muhammeds sa, gjorde, unnlot å gjøre eller stilltiende samtykket til. </p><p>Det er ulike oppfatninger av i hvilken grad de enkelte hadith kommer fra Muhammed. Tolkningen av <a href="/wiki/Proveniens" title="Proveniens">proveniens</a> og <a href="/wiki/Autentisitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Autentisitet">autentisitet</a> for hadith er en omfattende virksomhet innenfor islamsk teologi. Mange hadith er uekte; enten skapt i god tro eller for å legitimere en spesiell adferd. Mange hadither motsier hverandre. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_Al-Bukhari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed Al-Bukhari (ikke skrevet ennå)">Muhammed Al-Bukhari</a> (810–870) samlet i sin tid inn 600.000 utsagn som skulle skrive seg fra profeten, men forkastet alle bortsett fra 7225.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En annen fremtredende hadithredaktør var <a href="/wiki/Al_Nawawi" title="Al Nawawi">Al Nawawi</a> (1233-77). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andre_kilder">Andre kilder</h3></div> <p>Den tidligste dokumenterte kunnskapen om Muhammed fra ikke-muslimske kilder er: </p> <ul><li>I <a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Jacobi_nuper_baptizati" title="Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati">Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati</a> fra 634-640, er Muhammed omtalt"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i et antijødisk <a href="/wiki/Polemisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Polemisk">polemisk</a> skrift, som også gir en annen historie enn den en finner i tradisjonelle islamske tekster. Den sier blant annet at en profet i Arabia forkynner en <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jødisk">jødisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Messias" title="Messias">messias</a>, og motsier arabiske kilder om at Muhammed var død ved erobringen av <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Den syriske skriveren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_bar_Penkaye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes bar Penkaye (ikke skrevet ennå)">Johannes bar Penkaye</a> fra 600-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grekeren <a href="/wiki/Theophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophanes">Theophanes</a> fra 800-tallet.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>I tillegg er Muhammed lære omtalt kortfattet i flere krøniker og religiøse bøker fra 600-tallet. De ikke-arabiske kildene fra 600-tallet, gir et annet bilde av Muhammeds lære enn det det en får fra arabiske skrifter fra 700- og 800-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se også artikkelen om <a href="/wiki/Hagarisme" title="Hagarisme">hagarisme</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammeds_familie_og_tidlige_liv">Muhammeds familie og tidlige liv</h2></div> <p>En vet svært lite om Muhammeds tidlige liv. Det er likevel nedtegnet noen <a href="/wiki/Legende" title="Legende">legender</a>. Fortellingene er fragmentariske, og det er tvilsomt om alle har en historisk kjerne.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammed ibn Abdullah (Muhammed, Abdullahs sønn) ble trolig født en gang mellom år 567 og 573.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hans far døde like før han ble født.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moren Amina døde da han var seks år gammel.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammed ble så oppfostret hos bestefaren, og senere en onkel som var handelsmann.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammed skal ifølge ibn Ishaq, som ung ha vært med på en av onkelens handelskaravaner til <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han fikk senere jobb av kjøpmannsenken <a href="/wiki/Khadija" class="mw-redirect" title="Khadija">Khadija</a>, som fører av en karavane hun eide. I 25-årsalderen giftet han seg med Khadija, som var omkring førti år gammel. Han ble da velstående.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Året 619 blir kalt «sorgens år» av muslimer, da døde Khadija og hans beskytter, onkelen Abu Talib. Da Khadija døde ble han gift igjen etter noen få måneder.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammed skal ifølge ibn Ishaq, ha blitt født inn i <i>Hashemi-grenen</i> av den mektige <i>Quraysh-<a href="/wiki/Stamme_(gruppe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamme (gruppe)">stammen</a></i> i Mekka i dagens <a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a>. Hashemi-grenen hadde blant annet oppsynet med <a href="/wiki/Kaba" title="Kaba">Kaba</a>-helligdommen, hvor de før-islamske gudene ble dyrket. Helligdommen var et valfartssted, og <a href="/wiki/Pilegrim" title="Pilegrim">pilegrimmene</a> var en viktig inntektskilde for dem. Siden gruppene i Medina tok Muhammet til leder, er det reist tvil om denne delen av biografiene. Det kan være at han hele tiden bodde i Medina, og at knytningen mot Mekka er en senere konstruksjon for å knytte ham mot ættegrupper fra Mekka som senere tok over makten i bevegelsen.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/250px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/375px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/500px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Tyrkisk framstilling fra <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a> av Muhammed ved <a href="/wiki/Kaba" title="Kaba">Kaba</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>. I samsvar med <a href="/wiki/Bildeforbudet_i_islam" title="Bildeforbudet i islam">billedforbudet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> og av respekt for den islamske profeten, er Muhammeds ansikt skjult bak et hvitt slør. <a href="/wiki/Glorie" title="Glorie">Glorien</a> av ildtunger symboliserer <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allahs</a> kraft.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kallet_og_forkynner_610-622">Kallet og forkynner 610-622</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> og den vestlige delen av Arabia var befolket av kristne og jøder, som vekslende hadde makten.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trolig har Muhammeds familie tilhørt en av disse. Flere sto fram som <a href="/wiki/Monoteistisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoteistisk">monoteistiske</a> leder-profeter.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammeds kall som profet skjedde i <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a> da han var ca. 40 år gammel. Han skal ha vært en reflektert mann som dyrket <a href="/wiki/Meditasjon" title="Meditasjon">meditasjon</a>, ensomhet og <a href="/wiki/Faste" title="Faste">faste</a>. Han begynte å fortelle om en åpenbaring, som står beskrevet i et kapittel i Koranen kalt «Den innhyllede».<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han skal ha møtt <a href="/wiki/Engel" title="Engel">engelen</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> (Jibril), og fikk senere ytterligere kall for å være <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allahs</a> sendebud. Han fikk så stadig nye åpenbaringen resten av livet sitt. I en tradisjon som skal være fra hans kone, forteller Al Ishaq at Muhammed skal ha gått inn en transetilstand når han fikk sine åpenbaringer.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det har gjentatte ganger av vestlige forskere blitt stilt spørsmål ved om Muhammed var oppriktig med sin åpenbaringer. Det er blitt testet ut fra ulike vinklinger, og det er et stort antall syn å saken.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammed henvendte seg først til en liten krets, som Al Ishaq mente var blant annet <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a> og <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, men senere også mer åpen forkynnelse. Etter de eldste åpenbaringene talte Muhammed om en skaper som straffer og belønner menneskene, og at dommens dag er nær. Han møtte motstand blant sine stammefrender og vant tilhengere først og fremst blant de fattige. Han preket en monoteistisk gud, men det er ulike oppfatninger om han i perioder aksepterte at det kunne være andre guder – se artikkelen om <a href="/wiki/Sataniske_vers" title="Sataniske vers">sataniske vers</a>. Slik Al-Waqiki forteller var han var også i disputter med tilhengerne sine der Muhammed ble spurt om det han sa var en åpenbaring fra Allah som de ville bøye seg for, eller hans egen oppfatning.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koranen presenteres som sammenstillingen av Muhammeds åpenbaringer. Den skal etter tradisjonen ha blitt samlet til en bok om lag 20 år etter hans død. John Wansbrough skrev i 1977 at Koranen er skrevet av ulike personer, i dusinvis om ikke hundrevis av år. Det er ingen bevis for eksistensen av Koranen før i år 691. Da ble byggingen av <a href="/wiki/Klippemosk%C3%A9en" class="mw-redirect" title="Klippemoskéen">Klippemoskéen</a> i Jerusalem avsluttet. Den har flere Koranen-tekster i bygget. Disse avviker til en viss grad fra den versjonen av Koranen som brukes i dag. Det tyder på Koranen fortsatt var under utvikling i de siste tiårene av 600-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er derfor vanskelig i dag å si hva som var Muhammeds opprinnelig åpenbaringer. Læren slik den presenteres i Koranen avviker også fra det som fortelles i ikke-arabiske kilder, se artikkelene om <a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Jacobi_nuper_baptizati" title="Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati">Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hagarisme" title="Hagarisme">hagarisme</a>. </p><p>Motstanden mot Muahmmed skal ha økt, og noen av hans tilhengere skal ha dradd til <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammed_som_verdslig_og_åndelig_leder_i_Medina_622-632"><span id="Muhammed_som_verdslig_og_.C3.A5ndelig_leder_i_Medina_622-632"></span>Muhammed som verdslig og åndelig leder i Medina 622-632</h2></div> <p>To stammer i Yathrib (senere Medina) hadde lenge vært i åpen strid med hverandre, men avtalte å avsluttene stridene. De ble ifølge al Ishaq enig om å velge en leder som ikke tilhørte noen av stammene, og valget falt på Muhammed. Etter en tids forhandlinger, skal Muhammed ha forlatt Mekka i september 622 sammen med sin venn Abu Bakr. Muhammed ble så leder for de to stammene. De valgte også å ble muslimer. Byen kom etter dette til å bli kalt profetens by, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>. Denne hendelsen utgjør startpunktet for <a href="/wiki/Islamsk_kalender" title="Islamsk kalender">islamske tidsregningen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra (Islam)">Hijra</a>. Fortellingen har åpenbare svakheter vet at de velger en tilsynelatende ny og ukjent leder og en ny og ukjent religion, så det kan godt være at Muhammed alledere hadde forkynt eller bodde i Medina lenge før.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ganske snart havnet muslimene i Medina i konflikt med Mekka og stridigheter utbrøt mellom dem. <a href="/wiki/17._mars" title="17. mars">17. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/624" title="624">624</a> ledet Muhammed et plyndringstokt mot en Quraish-<a href="/wiki/Karavane" title="Karavane">karavane</a>, hvor han i stedet møtte en mye større Quraish-styrke ved Badr. Dette var det første store slaget mellom de to styrkene. Muhammeds menn brøt ned frontlinjer til motstanderne samtidig som de drepte flere viktige Quraish-ledere, inkludert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_ibn_Hish%C4%81m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr ibn Hishām (ikke skrevet ennå)">'Amr ibn Hishām</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sira-biografiene forteller at han var i gjentatte stridigheter med jødene i Medina og Mekka, der han både skal ha forvist jøder og massakrert jøder.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Men basert på Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati er det reist tvil om det kan være rett, siden muslimene i erobringen av Palestina i 634 skal ha stått sammen med jødene.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arabiske kilder fra middelalderen skriver at flere stammer sluttet seg til Muhammed og etter to viktige slag (<a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Uhud" title="Slaget ved Uhud">slaget ved Uhud</a> i 625 og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_gravene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved gravene (ikke skrevet ennå)">slaget ved gravene</a>) var muslimene i år <a href="/wiki/630" title="630">630</a> sterke nok til å angripe Mekka, som raskt kapitulerte.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Hoyland skriver at overtakelsen av Mekka var en kombinasjon av krigshandlinger og diplomati i 628. Han forseglet avtalen med å gifte seg med datteren til Abu Sufayan ibn Harb som var en av de mest betydningsfulle mennene i stammen Quraysh.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etter en mislykket beleiring av byen <a href="/wiki/Taif" title="Taif">Taif</a>, ble det etter en stund inngått en avtale om å anerkjenne Muhammed som leder.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 629 sendte Muhammed ut en hær på 3.000 mann som skulle omvende <a href="/wiki/Det_bysantiske_riket" class="mw-redirect" title="Det bysantiske riket">Det bysantiske riket</a> til islam, eller få dem til å betale skatt til Muhammed. Felttoget endte som en katastrofe, med mange døde.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arbabiske kilder fra middealderen hevdet at Muhammed ved sin død i 632, stort sett var hersker over hele Den arabiske halvøya.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trolig var lite av den arabiske halvøya utenom vestsiden, under kontroll av Muhammed. Resten ble kan ha blitt erobret senere av Abu Bakr, etter at <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> og <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> ble erobret.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I to år valfartet Muhammed fra Medina til Mekka. Første gangen flyttet beboerne i Mekka ut av byen, og overlot byen til ham noen dager, for å så å komme tilbake når Muhammed dro tilbake til Medina. Andre ganger kom han som leder.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Etter al Ishaq (omkring år 750), ble Muhammed noen måneder etter den andre valfarten, plutselig syk og døde den <a href="/wiki/8._juni" title="8. juni">8. juni</a> år <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a>. I samsvar med Muhammeds ønsker ble det ikke bygget en moske over hans grav. Etter <a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Jacobi_nuper_baptizati" title="Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati">Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati</a> (fra omring 634-640) og andre kilder, var Muhammed med i erobringen av Palestina i 634.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vi har ikke kilder til å avgjøre hvem som har rett. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammeds_kvinner_og_barn">Muhammeds kvinner og barn</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khadijah_bint_khuwailid">Khadijah bint khuwailid</h3></div> <p>Khadijah bint khuwailid var fra Syria og var Muhammeds eneste kone mens hun var i live. Hun døde ca. 619. Hun var kristen, men gikk over til islam. Hun hadde vært gift to ganger tidligere, og hadde to barn med hver av dem.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trolig har de hatt en ekteskapsavtale som innebar at Muhammed ikke kunne ta seg flere koner så lenge hun levde.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khadija skal ha fått til sammen seksten barn, ti døtre og seks sønner som ikke overlevde barneårene. Det er uenighet mellom forskjellige retninger innen islam om hvor mange av barna hun hadde før hun ble gift med Muhammed, men det er vanlig å oppgi at hun med Muhammed hadde åtte døtre. Om Khadijah var 40 år da hun giftet seg med Muhammed er nok opplysningene tvilsomme. Alle er enige om at <a href="/wiki/Fatima" class="mw-disambig" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> var Muhammeds datter. Det var også bare hun som fikk etterkommere. Det kan være at hun var den eneste som levde opp. Fatima giftet seg med Muhammeds <a href="/wiki/Fetter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetter">fetter</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a> som senere ble <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalif</a>, deres etterkommere kalles <i>ahl al-bayt</i> (husets folk), og har som Muhammeds etterkommere en spesiell posisjon innen Islam. Muhammed hadde ingen sønner som ble voksne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Øvrige_koner"><span id=".C3.98vrige_koner"></span>Øvrige koner</h3></div> <ul><li>Sauda bint Zama gift med Muhammed i 618 eller 619, samme år som Khadijah døde. Hun var enke.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha Bint Abu Bakr</a> ble også gift med Muhammed i 618 eller 619. Hun var da sju år gammel. Ekteskapet ble fullbyrdet tre år senere da hun var ni eller ti år gammel.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab gift med Muhammed ca. 625 og døde ca. 660.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zainab bint Khuzaima giftet seg med Muhammed ca. 626. Hun var enke, og hadde fire barn i første ekteskap.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hind bint abu Umayya (kjent som Umm Salama) gift i ca. 626. Hun var enke.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zaynab bint Jahsh. Ekteskapet til Muhammed var komplisert fordi hun var skilt fra Muhammeds adoptivsønn, noe Koranen forbød. Et nytt Koranvers ga imidlertid Muhammed rett til å gjøre unntak fra denne regelen.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Djuwayriya bint al-Harith var en krigsfange som giftet seg med Muhammed ca. 626.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Safiya bint Huayy var en jødisk kvinne som hadde konvertert til islam, gift med Muhammed ca. 627.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ramla bint Abu Sufyan (kalt Umm Habiba) giftet seg med Muhammed i 628. Hun var enke.<sup id="cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maimuna bint Al-Harith ble Mohammeds siste kone, og ekteskapet ble inngått ca. 629 og død ca. 673.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Muhammed skal i tillegg ha inngått ekteskap med ei som døde før ekteskapet ble fullbyrdet,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ei takket nei til ekteskap, en tredje viste seg å være spedalsk og ett ektskap ble annulert på grunn av motstand fra hennes slekt.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er usikkert hvor mye av dette som har et historisk grunnlag og hva som er oppdiktet. Noen av ektefellene kan ha blitt funnet på for å øke familiers status.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Muhammed flyttet etter tradisjonen hver dag mellom sine koner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konkubiner">Konkubiner</h3></div> <p>Han hadde i tillegg som medhustruer eller <a href="/wiki/Konkubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkubine">konkubiner</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Raihana bint Zaid var jøde, og om de var gift eller om hun var konkubine er usikker.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_al-Qibtiyya" title="Maria al-Qibtiyya">Maria al-Qibtiyya</a> var <a href="/wiki/Koptisk" title="Koptisk">koptisk</a> kristen fra Egypt eller Etiopia. De fikk sønnen Ibrahim, som døde som liten.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etter_Muhammeds_død"><span id="Etter_Muhammeds_d.C3.B8d"></span>Etter Muhammeds død</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Divisions_of_Islam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Divisions_of_Islam.png/200px-Divisions_of_Islam.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Divisions_of_Islam.png/300px-Divisions_of_Islam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Divisions_of_Islam.png/400px-Divisions_of_Islam.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>Figur som viser hovedretningene innen islam.</figcaption></figure> <p>Muhameds død førte til at fellesskapet måtte ta stilling til hvem som skulle overta lederrollen. Det viste seg å være dyp uenighet i hvem som skulle bli profetens stedfortreder – <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">Kalif</a>. Denne uenigheten splittet fellesskapet i to fraksjoner; <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunnimuslimene</a> som hevdet at profetens nære venn <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> skulle ha krav på Kalif-verdigheten, og <a href="/wiki/Sjia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjia">Sjiamuslimene</a> som hevdet at profeten hadde overlatt myndigheten til sin fetter <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a> og hans slekt. Resultatet av valget ble at profetens venn <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> ble valgt, deretter fulgte tre kalifer fra profetens nærmeste krets, Ali var den fjerde. I denne perioden på 30 år ekspanderte islam mye, men det var også sterk indre uro, og blant de fire første kalifene var det bare Abu Bakr som fikk en naturlig død. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avbildning_av_Muhammed">Avbildning av Muhammed</h2></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, som domineres av <a href="/wiki/Sjiamuslimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjiamuslimer">sjiamuslimer</a>, produseres populære bilder av Muhammed og særlig <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a>, den første <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imamen</a> etter Muhammed. Sjiaene i Iran sier at denne type avbildning kan aksepteres fordi de ikke er «ekte» portretter, men kunstneriske gjengivelser av konvensjonelle forestillinger. Bilder av Muhammed er kjent fra gammelt av, men er ikke særlig utbredte. </p><p>Fra <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> har det ligget bilder av Muhammed på nettsidene til <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bergen" title="Universitetet i Bergen">Universitetet i Bergen</a> kjøpt i Iran og i <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Bildene ble publisert i forbindelse med et <a href="/wiki/Ikonografi" title="Ikonografi">ikonografiprosjekt</a> som tar for seg religiøse populærbilder i muslimsk kultur. Bildene ble fjernet <a href="/wiki/31._januar" title="31. januar">31. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> etter en debatt om <a href="/wiki/Bildeforbudet_i_islam" title="Bildeforbudet i islam">bildeforbudet i islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blasfemi" title="Blasfemi">blasfemi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ytringsfrihet" title="Ytringsfrihet">ytringsfrihet</a>. Mest oppmerksomhet fikk <a href="/wiki/Muhammedkarikaturene_i_Jyllands-Posten" title="Muhammedkarikaturene i Jyllands-Posten">12 karikaturtegninger fra danske Jyllands-Posten</a>. Dette førte til massive demonstrasjoner mot danske ambassader i muslimske land, boikott av danske handelsvarer og brenning av danske flagg. Det gikk så langt at den danske ambassaden i <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> ble angrepet og påtent. Det <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">danske</a> matvarekonsernet <a href="/wiki/Arla" class="mw-redirect" title="Arla">Arla</a> måtte i 2006 si opp 160 ansatte som et resultat av boikotten av danske handelsvarer. Også Norge merket reaksjoner da tegningene ble trykket i det kristne tidsskriftet <i><a href="/wiki/Magazinet" title="Magazinet">Magazinet</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Islams første khalif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammedkarikaturene_i_Jyllands-Posten" title="Muhammedkarikaturene i Jyllands-Posten">Muhammedkarikaturene i Jyllands-Posten</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-1eb8f985845b27bc20df1a7c2efb97b6ba43316f-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-1eb8f985845b27bc20df1a7c2efb97b6ba43316f_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Al-Bidāyah wa-al-nihāyah (Hajr, 1999)</span></span>, side(r) <span><span>377</span></span>, bind <span><span>3</span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-931412bf60b53730e2f9b4f95a0213344d9d275c-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-931412bf60b53730e2f9b4f95a0213344d9d275c_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum</span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-796fb7d12859b2b19f49e2e06a5548c700ed0c40-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-796fb7d12859b2b19f49e2e06a5548c700ed0c40_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Siyar A'lam al-Nubala (Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 1405h)</span></span>, side(r) <span><span>36</span></span>, bind <span><span>سيرة 1</span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Robert G. Hoyland: In god's path, Oxford University press, paperbackvesjon, 2017, side 38f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M._Cook,_Hagarism_1977_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">P. Crone and M. Cook, Hagarism: The Making Of The Islamic World, 1977, Cambridge University Press, side 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Teksten til Bahrain lyder: «I Allahs navn, den barmhjertige, den tilgivende. Fra Muhammed, Allahs budbringer, til Munzir bin Sawa. Fred være med deg! Jeg priser Gud, som er en, og det ingen som skulle tilbes bortsett fra ham. Jeg bærer bevis på Guds enhet og at jeg er en tjener av Gud og hans budbringer. Deretter minner jeg dere om Allah. Den som aksepterer <a href="/wiki/Formaning" title="Formaning">formaninger</a> gjør det for sitt eget beste. Den som følger mine budbringere og handlet i samsvar deres veiledning, han har faktisk godtatt mitt råd. Mine budbringere har rost din oppførsel svært. Du skal fortsette i din nåværende stilling. Du bør forbli trofast mot Gud og hans budbringer. Jeg aksepterer din anbefaling om folket i Bahrain. Jeg tilgir de straffbare handlinger av lovbrytere. Derfor kan du også tilgi dem. Av folket i Bahrain, som ønsker å fortsette i sin jødiske eller majusi. (Identiteten til disse er tvilsom, jamfør Hoyland: Seeing Islam as Others Saw It, side 579ff) tro, bør betale <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a>».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Olof Heilo: Seeing Eye to Eye: Islamic Universalism in the Roman and Byzantine Worlds, 7th to 10th Centuries, Wien 2010 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://othes.univie.ac.at/10921/1/2010-07-21_0549369.pdf">http://othes.univie.ac.at/10921/1/2010-07-21_0549369.pdf</a> med referanse til Hamidullah, Six originaux des lettres diplomatiques du Prophete de l’Islam. Hamidullah vedgikk i en tidligere artikkel fra 1963 (RSO 1963 57), at “il y a certes des faits gènants” da tre av brevene ble funnet <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> på 1800-tallet og ett brev som etter tradisjonen ble revet i stykker av <a href="/wiki/Sjah" title="Sjah">sjahen</a>, kan ha blitt kjøpt av den libanesiske utenriksministeren under andre verdenskrig.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, Halvor. 2011. "Muhammed slik samtiden så ham", side 287 med henvisning til <a href="/wiki/Theophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophanes">Theophanes</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tom Holland: The Shadow of the Sword, 2013, side 41 og 44. Med særlig referanse til <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_M%C3%BCnster" title="Universitetet i Münster">Universitetet i Münster</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, Halvor. 2011. "Muhammed slik samtiden så ham", side 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10-11"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_10_11-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Amund Bjørsnøs. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrvev.no/bok/en-muhammed-reportasje">En Muhammed-reportasje</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502010246/http://www.arrvev.no/bok/en-muhammed-reportasje">Arkivert</a> 2. mai 2014 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.». I: <i>Arr</i>; nr 4, 2011. Anmeldelse av <a href="/wiki/Halvor_Tj%C3%B8nn" title="Halvor Tjønn">Halvor Tjønns</a> bok <i>Muhammed – slik samtiden så ham</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Zubair Mirza: ORAL TRADITION AND SCRIBAL CONVENTIONS IN THE DOCUMENTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE PROPHET MUḤAMMAD, A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Near Eastern Studies) in The University of Michigan, 2010, side 16f med referanse til Chase Robinson: Islamic Historiography – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77783/1/smirza_1.pdf">http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77783/1/smirza_1.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Raven, Wim. (1997). "SĪRA". Encyclopaedia of Islam. 9 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 660–3. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9004104224" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-04-10422-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tom Holland: The Shadow of the Sword, 2013, side 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Walter Emil Kaegi, Jr., "Initial Byzantine Reactions to the Arab Conquest", <i>Church History</i>, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Jun., 1969), side 139-149, som siterer fra <i>Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati</i> 86-87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Patricia Crone and Michael Cook. <i>Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0521211336" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-21133-6</a>. Se <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.google.no/books?hl=no&lr=&id=Ta08AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Hagarism&ots=22IBfH4mb8&sig=FVpc3ekM0htgXovylJ4slLkB9B4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Hagarism&f=true">http://www.google.no/books?hl=no&lr=&id=Ta08AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Hagarism&ots=22IBfH4mb8&sig=FVpc3ekM0htgXovylJ4slLkB9B4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Hagarism&f=true</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Philip K. Hitti, <i>History of the Arabs</i>, 10th edition (1970), side 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Crone, Patricia & Cook, Michael (1977): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.no/books?hl=no&lr=&id=Ta08AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Hagarism&ots=22IBfH4mb8&sig=FVpc3ekM0htgXovylJ4slLkB9B4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Hagarism&f=true"><i>Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0521211336" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-21133-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 26ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 26-29. Muhammed ble sendt til <a href="/wiki/Beduiner" title="Beduiner">beduinene</a> for amming sine første to leveår (Tjønn, 2011, side 39-30).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 26-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">At Muhammed var foreldreløs mener også flere blir bekreftet av Koranens sura 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 31-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 33-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 34ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 34ff og 398ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn 2011, side 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hoyland, 2017, side 32ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hoyland 2017, side 36f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Koranen sura 53:1-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tjønn,_2011-36"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011_36-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011_36-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011_36-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, Halvor, 2011, side 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, Halvor, 2011, side 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Stille. 2.3.2002. Scholars Are Quietly Offering New Theories of the Koran, New York Times.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Patricia Crone and Michael Cook. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0521211336" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-21133-6</a>. Se <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.google.no/books?hl=no&lr=&id=Ta08AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Hagarism&ots=22IBfH4mb8&sig=FVpc3ekM0htgXovylJ4slLkB9B4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Hagarism&f=true">http://www.google.no/books?hl=no&lr=&id=Ta08AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Hagarism&ots=22IBfH4mb8&sig=FVpc3ekM0htgXovylJ4slLkB9B4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Hagarism&f=true</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hoyland, 2017, side 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, Halvor, 2011, side 429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hoyland, 2017, side 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hoyland, 2017, side 38f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Crone, Patricia & Cook, Michael (1977): Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0521211336" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-21133-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Stephen J. Shoemaker: "The Death of a Prophet The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam". University of Pennsylvania - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/toc/14933.html">http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/toc/14933.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827085322/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/toc/14933.html">Arkivert</a> 27. august 2014 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn 2011, side 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn 2011, side 403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 404ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416-52"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416_52-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416_52-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tjønn,_2011,_side_416_52-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 413ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 259, 416 og 457.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 417-418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Tjønn, 2011, side 418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Noen tolker at et seksuelt forhold mellom en mannlig muslim og slaven hans er tillatt under Koranen (23 Sura 6).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muhammad">Muhammad</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" class="extiw" title="commons:محمد بن عبد الله">محمد بن عبد الله</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020729/http://www.islam.no/newsite/content/default.asp?Action=Article&nTopPage=2&nPage=21&nATID=96">Islam.no om profeten Muhammed</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/innsikt/article1219370.ece">«Krigerprofet og religionsstifter» (artikkel i Aftenposten)</a> -</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041128012542/http://www.hf.uib.no/i/religion/popularikonografi/utstill02.html">Iranske bilder av Muhammed</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;" align="center"> <table style="border: darkgreen 1px solid;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="13" style="background:green;color:white;" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Islams_profeter" title="Islams profeter"><span style="color: white; text-decoration: underline;">Islams profeter</span></a> i <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen"><span style="color: white; text-decoration: underline;">Koranen</span></a> og deres forekomster i <a href="/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen"><span style="color: white; text-decoration: underline;">Bibelen</span></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adam_i_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam i Islam">Adam</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idris_(profet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idris (profet) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Idris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh">Nuh</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hud_(profet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hud (profet) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hud</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Salih</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lut_(profet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lut (profet) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lut</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ismail" title="Ismail">Ismail</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishaq (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ishaq</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaqoub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaqoub (ikke skrevet ennå)">Yaqoub</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yousuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousuf">Yousuf</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayoub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayoub (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ayoub</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mosque.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mosque.svg/50px-Mosque.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mosque.svg/75px-Mosque.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mosque.svg/100px-Mosque.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="575" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>آدم</td> <td>ادريس</td> <td>نوح</td> <td>هود</td> <td>صالح</td> <td>ابراهيم</td> <td>لوط</td> <td>اسماعيل</td> <td>اسحاق </td> <td>يعقوب</td> <td>يوسف</td> <td>أيوب </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adam_og_Eva" title="Adam og Eva">Adam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henok_(Noahs_oldefar)" title="Henok (Noahs oldefar)">Henok</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sjelah" title="Sjelah">Sjelah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abraham_(bibelsk_person)" title="Abraham (bibelsk person)">Abraham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lot_(bibelsk_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lot (bibelsk person)">Lot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismael</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isak" title="Isak">Isak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakob_(stamfar)" title="Jakob (stamfar)">Jakob</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Josef_(stamfar)" title="Josef (stamfar)">Josef</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Job" title="Job">Job</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" align="center"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoaib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoaib (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shoaib</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musa_(profet)" title="Musa (profet)">Musa</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haroun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haroun (ikke skrevet ennå)">Haroun</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dul_kifl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dul kifl (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dul kifl</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daoud_(islamsk_profet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daoud (islamsk profet) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Daoud</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaiman">Sulaiman</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilias (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ilias</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Younus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Younus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Younus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zakaria" title="Zakaria">Zakaria</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya (ikke skrevet ennå)">Yahya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>شعيب</td> <td>موسى</td> <td>هارون</td> <td>ذو الكفل</td> <td>داود </td> <td>سليمان</td> <td>إلياس</td> <td>اليسع</td> <td>يونس</td> <td>زكريا</td> <td>يحيى</td> <td>عيسى</td> <td>محمد </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jetro" title="Jetro">Jetro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aron" title="Aron">Aron</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esekiel" title="Esekiel">Esekiel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kong_David" title="Kong David">David</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elia" title="Elia">Elia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elisja" title="Elisja">Elisja</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jona" title="Jona">Jona</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakarja,_far_til_Johannes" title="Sakarja, far til Johannes">Sakarja,<br />Johannes' far</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johannes_D%C3%B8peren" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Døperen">Johannes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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aria-labelledby="Islam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#c0d4it;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunna" title="Sunna">Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunniislam" title="Sunniislam">Sunniislam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjiaislam" title="Sjiaislam">Sjiaislam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liv</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islams_fem_s%C3%B8yler" title="Islams fem søyler">Islams fem søyler</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahadah" title="Shahadah">Shahadah (trosbekjennelse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah (bønn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat (veldedighet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faste" title="Faste">Saum (faste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj (pilegrimsreise)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Id_al-adha" title="Id al-adha">Id al-adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Id_al-fitr" title="Id al-fitr">Id al-fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosk%C3%A9" title="Moské">Moské</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Mihrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamske_h%C3%B8ytider" title="Islamske høytider">Islamske høytider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ledere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_az-Zahra" title="Fatima az-Zahra">Fatima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">Sahaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islams_profeter" title="Islams profeter">Islams profeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla" title="Mulla">Mulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">Muezzin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamsk_arkitektur" title="Islamsk arkitektur">Islamsk arkitektur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaba" title="Kaba">Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram" title="Al-Haram">Al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islams_historie" title="Islams historie">Islams historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">Kalif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirat_Rasul_Allah" title="Sirat Rasul Allah">Sirat Rasul Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamsk_kunst" title="Islamsk kunst">Islamsk kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamsk_astronomi" title="Islamsk astronomi">Islamsk astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamsk_kalender" title="Islamsk kalender">Islamsk kalender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvinner_i_islam" title="Kvinner i islam">Kvinner i islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafisme" title="Salafisme">Salafisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drusere" title="Drusere">Drusere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahai" title="Bahai">Bahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a></li></ul> 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