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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="padding-bottom:2px; padding-top:2px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:0; padding-bottom:1px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela"><img alt="Nelson Mandela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg/220px-Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg/330px-Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg/440px-Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1940" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:2px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><span style="font-size:120%">Presidency of Nelson Mandela</span></b></span><br />10 May 1994 – 14 June 1999</td></tr><tr><th><div align="left"><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President</a></div></th><td><div>Nelson Mandela</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Cabinet of Nelson Mandela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Election</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahlamba_Ndlopfu" title="Mahlamba Ndlopfu">Mahlamba Ndlopfu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Genadendal_Residence" title="Genadendal Residence">Genadendal Residence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:1px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <i><a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk#State_presidency" title="F. W. de Klerk">de Klerk state presidency</a></i></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thabo_Mbeki" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Thabo Mbeki">Mbeki</a> presidency →</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <hr class="nomobile" style="background:#eee; height:5px; clear:both; margin:0 0 8px;" /> <div class="center"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:6px 0 2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(1932%E2%80%932000).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div><br /><div style="line-height:normal; min-height:1px; padding-bottom:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(1910%E2%80%932000)" title="Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–2000)">Coat of arms of South Africa</a><br />(1932–2000)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #857047;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:Green; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Mandela-2008_(edit)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:Green; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of a series about</span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Nelson Mandela</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo law firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Umkhonto we Sizwe">Umkhonto we Sizwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">1955 Congress of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Treason_Trial" title="1956 Treason Trial">Treason Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Am_Prepared_to_Die" title="I Am Prepared to Die">I Am Prepared to Die</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President of South Africa</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 election</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Government of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid#1995_Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby union and apartheid">1995 Rugby World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_intervention_in_Lesotho" title="South African intervention in Lesotho">Intervention in Lesotho</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Fund" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Fund">Nelson Mandela Children's Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_bestowed_upon_Nelson_Mandela" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards and honours bestowed upon Nelson Mandela">Awards and honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nelson_Mandela" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Nelson Mandela">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg/100px-Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg/150px-Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg/200px-Nelson_Mandela_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(1932%E2%80%932000).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_%281932%E2%80%932000%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nelson_Mandela_series" title="Template:Nelson Mandela series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nelson_Mandela_series" title="Template talk:Nelson Mandela series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nelson_Mandela_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nelson Mandela series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>presidency of Nelson Mandela</b> began on 10 May 1994, when <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, an anti-<a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> activist, leader of <a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">uMkhonto we Sizwe</a>, lawyer, and former political prisoner, was inaugurated as <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a>, and ended on 14 June 1999. He was the first non-White head of state in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa" title="History of South Africa">history of South Africa</a>, taking office at the age of 75. His age was taken into consideration as part of his decision to not seek re-election in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtontimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtontimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election">Election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 general election</a>, held on 27 April, was South Africa's first multi-racial election with <a href="/wiki/Universal_adult_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal adult suffrage">full enfranchisement</a>. The <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> won a 63 percent share of the vote at the election, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated on 10 May 1994 as the country's first Black <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/F.W._de_Klerk" class="mw-redirect" title="F.W. de Klerk">F.W. de Klerk</a> as his first <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_South_Africa" title="Deputy President of South Africa">deputy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> as the second in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of National Unity (South Africa)">Government of National Unity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1995">1995</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1995"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid" title="Rugby union and apartheid">Rugby union and apartheid</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm/300px-seek%3D1767-State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="220" data-durationhint="5032" data-mwtitle="State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm/State_Arrival_and_Dinner_for_President_Nelson_Mandela_in_1994.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>State Arrival and dinner for President Nelson Mandela and President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in 1994</figcaption></figure> <p>When Mandela began his term on 10 May 1994, he presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mandela encouraged the Black South Africans to get behind the previously hated <a href="/wiki/South_African_national_rugby_union_team" class="mw-redirect" title="South African national rugby union team"><i>Springboks</i></a> (the South African national rugby team) as South Africa hosted the <a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1995 Rugby World Cup">1995 Rugby World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This is the theme of the 2009 film <i><a href="/wiki/Invictus_(film)" title="Invictus (film)">Invictus</a></i>.) After the Springboks won an epic <a href="/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 Rugby World Cup Final">final</a> over New Zealand, Mandela presented the trophy to captain <a href="/wiki/Francois_Pienaar" title="Francois Pienaar">Francois Pienaar</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaner</a>, wearing a Springbok shirt with Pienaar's own number 6 on the back. This was widely seen as a major step in the reconciliation of White and Black South Africans.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1996">1996</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1996"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, Mandela divorced his estranged wife, <a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> became the sole deputy president of South Africa in June as a result of <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a>'s resignation from joint office. In July that year, Mandela confirmed that he would not be seeking re-election to the presidency in 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1997">1997</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1997"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lockerbie_trial">Lockerbie trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lockerbie trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a>'s Libya, on one hand, and the United States and UK on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were indicted in November 1991, and accused of bombing <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103" title="Pan Am Flight 103">Pan Am Flight 103</a>, which subsequently broke apart and fell to and near <a href="/wiki/Lockerbie" title="Lockerbie">Lockerbie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> on 21 December 1988, with the loss of 270 lives.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1992, Mandela informally approached US President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> with a proposal to have the two indicted Libyans tried in a third country. Bush reacted favourably to the proposal, as did President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I of Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1994 – six months after his election as president – Mandela formally proposed that South Africa should be the venue for the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_bombing_trial" title="Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial">Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> However, UK Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> flatly rejected the idea, saying that the UK Government did not have confidence in foreign courts.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further three years elapsed until Mandela's offer was repeated to Major's successor, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, when Mandela visited <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in July 1997. Later during the same year, at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting_1997" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1997">1997 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a> (CHOGM) at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> in October 1997, Mandela warned:</p><blockquote><p>"No one nation should be <a href="/wiki/Complainant" class="mw-redirect" title="Complainant">complainant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor">prosecutor</a> and judge."</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1998">1998</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1998"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_African_intervention_in_Lesotho" title="South African intervention in Lesotho">South Africa's first post-apartheid military operation</a>, acting president <a href="/wiki/Mangosuthu_Gatsha_Buthelezi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi">Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (who was South Africa's third in command after Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki) ordered troops into <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> in September 1998 to protect the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pakalitha_Mosisili" title="Pakalitha Mosisili">Pakalitha Mosisili</a>. This came after a disputed election prompted fierce opposition threatening the unstable government. </p><p>On his 80th birthday in 1998, Mandela married <a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a>, the widow of former Mozambican president <a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel" title="Samora Machel">Samora Machel</a>. She remains the first and only woman in history to serve as First Lady of two countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1999">1999</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A compromise solution was then agreed for a trial to be held at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Zeist,_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Zeist, Netherlands">Camp Zeist</a> in the Netherlands, governed by <a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Scots law</a>, and President Mandela began negotiations with Colonel <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a> for the handover of the two accused (<a href="/wiki/Abdelbaset_al-Megrahi" title="Abdelbaset al-Megrahi">Megrahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lamin_Khalifah_Fhimah" title="Lamin Khalifah Fhimah">Fhimah</a>) in April 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_term">End of term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: End of term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1996 constitution limited the president to two consecutive five-year terms. Mandela did not attempt to have the document amended to remove the two-term limit; indeed, he had only intended to serve one term, age being a strong factor in this decision. Mandela left office on 14 June 1999. He was succeeded by Mbeki, who was inaugurated to the presidency on 16 June. Mandela retired from active politics, and became, for several years afterward, engaged in several philanthropic activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AIDS/HIV_policy"><span id="AIDS.2FHIV_policy"></span>AIDS/HIV policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: AIDS/HIV policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commentators and critics including <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> activists such as <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cameron" title="Edwin Cameron">Edwin Cameron</a> have criticised Mandela for his government's ineffectiveness in stemming the AIDS crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his retirement, Mandela admitted that he may have failed his country by not paying more attention to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that Mandela spoke out on several occasions against the AIDS epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing_design">Clothing design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Clothing design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After assuming the presidency, one of Mandela's trademarks was his use of <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> T-shirts, known as the "<a href="/wiki/Madiba_shirt" title="Madiba shirt">Madiba shirts</a>", even on formal occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Cabinet of Nelson Mandela</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-washingtontimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washingtontimes_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_Morrison2013" class="citation news cs1">James Morrison (5 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/dec/5/mandela-south-africas-first-black-president-dies/?page=all">"Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first black president, dies at age 95"</a>. <i>The Washington Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day%3A+10+May&rft.atitle=1994%3A+Mandela+becomes+SA%27s+first+black+president&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmay%2F10%2Fnewsid_2661000%2F2661503.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidency+of+Nelson+Mandela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/presentation-speech.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1993 – Presentation Speech"</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nelson_Mandela" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nelson_Mandela" title="Template:Nelson Mandela"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nelson_Mandela" title="Template talk:Nelson Mandela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nelson_Mandela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nelson Mandela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nelson_Mandela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013<br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">President of the African National Congress</a> (1991–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_Tambo" title="Mandela and Tambo">Mandela and Tambo law firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">UMkhonto we Sizwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">1955 Congress of the People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Treason_Trial" title="1956 Treason Trial">Treason Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robben_Island" title="Robben Island">Robben Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollsmoor_Prison" title="Pollsmoor Prison">Pollsmoor Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakenstein_Correctional_Centre" title="Drakenstein Correctional Centre">Victor Verster Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliesleaf_Farm" title="Liliesleaf Farm">Liliesleaf Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_House" title="Mandela House">Mandela House and museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Fund" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Fund">Nelson Mandela Children's Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_70th_Birthday_Tribute" title="Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute">70th Birthday Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_90th_Birthday_Tribute" title="Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute">90th Birthday Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Nelson_Mandela" title="List of awards and honours received by Nelson Mandela">Awards and honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela">Death and state funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_memorial_service_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="List of dignitaries at the memorial service of Nelson Mandela">state memorial service attendees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_state_funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="List of dignitaries at the state funeral of Nelson Mandela">funeral attendees</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 election</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Government of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid#1995_Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby union and apartheid">1995 Rugby World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">Intervention in Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlamba_Ndlopfu" title="Mahlamba Ndlopfu">Mahlamba Ndlopfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and<br />speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Prepared_to_Die" title="I Am Prepared to Die">"I Am Prepared to Die" (1964 speech)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Long Walk to Freedom"><i>Long Walk to Freedom</i> (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela:_The_Authorised_Biography" title="Mandela: The Authorised Biography"><i>Mandela: The Authorised Biography</i> (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_With_Myself_(book)" title="Conversations With Myself (book)"><i>Conversations With Myself</i> (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dare_Not_Linger" title="Dare Not Linger"><i>Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years</i> (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Day" title="Mandela Day">Mandela Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Forum" title="Nelson Mandela Forum">Nelson Mandela Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mandela Institution">Nelson Mandela Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46664_(concerts)" class="mw-redirect" title="46664 (concerts)">46664 concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Mandela Rhodes Scholarship">Mandela Rhodes Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Challenge" title="Nelson Mandela Challenge">Nelson Mandela Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Challenge_Plate" title="Mandela Challenge Plate">Nelson Mandela Challenge Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Invitational" title="Nelson Mandela Invitational">Nelson Mandela Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_International_Airport" title="Nelson Mandela International Airport">Nelson Mandela International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Square" title="Nelson Mandela Square">Nelson Mandela Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bay_Metropolitan_Municipality" title="Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality">Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_National_Stadium" title="Mandela National Stadium">Mandela National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridge" title="Nelson Mandela Bridge">Nelson Mandela Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital">Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Bridges" title="Nelson Mandela Bridges">Ponts Nelson-Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_University" title="Nelson Mandela University">Nelson Mandela University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_(1987_film)" title="Mandela (1987 film)"><i>Mandela</i> (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Apartheid" title="Death of Apartheid"><i>Death of Apartheid</i> (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_(1996_film)" title="Mandela (1996 film)"><i>Mandela</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_World_Voices:_Mandela" title="Palm World Voices: Mandela"><i>Mandela: Son of Africa, Father of a Nation</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_and_de_Klerk" title="Mandela and de Klerk"><i>Mandela and de Klerk</i> (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodbye_Bafana" title="Goodbye Bafana"><i>Goodbye Bafana</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_(2009_film)" title="Endgame (2009 film)"><i>Endgame</i> (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invictus_(film)" title="Invictus (film)"><i>Invictus</i> (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Mandela_(film)" title="Winnie Mandela (film)"><i>Winnie Mandela</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela:_Long_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"><i>Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom</i> (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela%27s_Gun" title="Mandela's Gun"><i>Mandela's Gun</i> (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngubengcuka" title="Ngubengcuka">Ngubengcuka</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Early_life" title="Nelson Mandela">Nosekeni Fanny</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Mase" title="Evelyn Mase">Evelyn Mase</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgatho_Mandela" title="Makgatho Mandela">Makgatho Mandela</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaziwe_Mandela" title="Makaziwe Mandela">Makaziwe Mandela</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenani_Mandela-Dlamini" title="Zenani Mandela-Dlamini">Zenani Mandela-Dlamini</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zindzi_Mandela" title="Zindzi Mandela">Zindzi Mandela</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndileka_Mandela" title="Ndileka Mandela">Ndileka Mandela</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandla_Mandela" title="Mandla Mandela">Mandla Mandela</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoleka_Mandela" title="Zoleka Mandela">Zoleka Mandela</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndaba_Mandela" title="Ndaba Mandela">Ndaba Mandela</a> (grandson)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela:_An_International_Tribute_for_a_Free_South_Africa" title="Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa">International Tribute Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiba_shirt" title="Madiba shirt">Madiba shirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nelson_Mandela" title="Free Nelson Mandela">"Free Nelson Mandela" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Day_(song)" title="Mandela Day (song)">"Mandela Day" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Citizen_%E2%80%93_EP_1" title="Global Citizen – EP 1">"Rise Up" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_Him_Back_Home_(Nelson_Mandela)" title="Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)">"Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)" (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_(EP)" title="Nelson Mandela (EP)"><i>Nelson Mandela</i> (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nelson_Mandela_(sculpture)" title="Free Nelson Mandela (sculpture)">Atlanta sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Cape_Town_City_Hall" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Cape Town City Hall">Cape Town City Hall statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg">Johannesburg statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Parliament Square">London statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela,_Union_Buildings" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela, Union Buildings">Pretoria statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Nelson_Mandela_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Nelson Mandela (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Ayob" title="Ismail Ayob">Ismail Ayob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nelson_Mandela" title="Category:Nelson Mandela">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Heads of State of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Heads of State of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of State of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Africa" title="List of heads of state of South Africa">Heads of State</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">Monarch</a> (1910–1961)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a> (1961–1994)<br />(under <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Swart" title="C. R. Swart">Charles Robberts Swart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_D%C3%B6nges" title="Eben Dönges">Eben Dönges</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Naud%C3%A9" title="Tom Naudé">Tom Naudé</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Jim Fouché">Jim Fouché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Klerk" title="Jan de Klerk">Jan de Klerk</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_Diederichs" title="Nico Diederichs">Nico Diederichs</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_Viljoen" title="Marais Viljoen">Marais Viljoen</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vorster" title="John Vorster">John Vorster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_Viljoen" title="Marais Viljoen">Marais Viljoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._W._Botha" title="P. W. Botha">P. W. Botha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President</a> (from 1994)<br />(post-Apartheid)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">1994-1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thabo_Mbeki" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Thabo Mbeki">1999-2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Matsepe-Casaburri" title="Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri">Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a> (2008-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jacob_Zuma" title="Presidency of Jacob Zuma">2009-2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> (2018-present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>†Died in office *Acting President</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&oldid=1259363786">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela&oldid=1259363786</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nelson_Mandela" title="Category:Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1994_establishments_in_South_Africa" title="Category:1994 establishments in South Africa">1994 establishments in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_disestablishments_in_South_Africa" title="Category:1999 disestablishments in South Africa">1999 disestablishments in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_South_Africa" title="Category:1990s in South Africa">1990s in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Presidencies of South Africa">Presidencies of South Africa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_August_2014" title="Category:EngvarB from August 2014">EngvarB from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2014">Use dmy dates from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_South_African_English_from_November_2017" title="Category:Use South African English from November 2017">Use South African English from November 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_South_African_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in South African English">All Wikipedia articles written in South African English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 19:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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