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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pres%C3%ADdium" title="Presídium – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Presídium" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edsednictvo" title="Předsednictvo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předsednictvo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidium" title="Präsidium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pres%C3%ADdium" title="Presídium – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presídium" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="پرزیدیوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرزیدیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidium" title="Præsidium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Præsidium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6)" title="Նախագահություն (ղեկավար մարմին) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախագահություն (ղեկավար մարմին)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors%C3%A6tisnefnd" title="Forsætisnefnd – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsætisnefnd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praesidium" title="Praesidium – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Praesidium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidium" title="Presidium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Presidium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidium" title="Presidium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidium" title="Prezidium – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prezidium" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="صدرال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صدرال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydium" title="Prezydium – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidium" title="Presidium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เปรซิเดียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปรซิเดียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9C%98" title="主席團 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主席團" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2115302#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of governing body</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Praesidium" redirects here. For the former Catholic diocese, see <a href="/wiki/Praesidium_(bishopric)" title="Praesidium (bishopric)">Praesidium (bishopric)</a>. For the former town in Tunisia, see <a href="/wiki/Praesidium_Diolele" title="Praesidium Diolele">Praesidium Diolele</a>. For the former town in Egypt, see <a href="/wiki/Fayfa" title="Fayfa">Fayfa</a>.</div> <p>A <b>presidium</b> or <b>praesidium</b> is a council of <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive officers</a> in some countries' political <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">assemblies</a> that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a> or in place of one. The term is also sometimes used for the governing body of European <a href="#Non-state_organisations">non-state organisations</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communist_usage">Communist usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Communist usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Communist_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist states">Communist states</a> the presidium is the permanent committee of the legislative body.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> existed after 1936, when the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the USSR">Supreme Soviet of the USSR</a> supplanted the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Soviets of the USSR">Congress of Soviets of the USSR</a>, as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Executive Committee of the USSR">Central Executive Committee</a> which was headed by "the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Congress_of_Soviets_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the USSR">Presidium of the Central Executive Committee</a>". In its place was the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> alone, no Central Executive Committee, and from 1938 to 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR">Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> was the formal title of the head of state of the USSR until the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet was introduced in 1989, later to be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President of the Soviet Union</a> in March 1990. The <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Republics of the Soviet Union</a> were each led by Presidiums, such as the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, whose chairmen were the <i>de facto</i> head of state in those republics. </p><p>From 1952 to 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> was known as the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, but despite the similarity in name with the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a>, the two Presidia were very different in power and function. </p><p>The term <i>presidium</i> is currently used in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic People's Republic of Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly">Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly</a>) and in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium of the National People's Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a>; the Chinese word for <i>presidium</i> is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">主席团</span></span> while <i>standing committee</i> is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">常务委员会</span></span>). In the same way, the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a> is led by the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea</a>, made up of 5 members or fewer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_usage">Other usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> political party <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a>, the Presidium is the innermost or topmost circle of members who are of highest importance within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_countries">European countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Bundestag" title="Presidium of the Bundestag">Presidium of the Bundestag</a> consists of a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Bundestag" title="President of the Bundestag">president</a>, who traditionally represents the largest party group, and at least one vice president from each party group. It is responsible for the legislature's routine administration, nowadays including its clerical and research activities. The <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat of Germany</a> is also led by a <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Bundesrat" title="Presidium of the Bundesrat">Presidium</a>, of a President and 2 deputies. Earlier German states also had parliaments led by Presidiums; see <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Presidium of the Reichstag (German Empire)">Presidium of the Reichstag (German Empire)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Presidium of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Presidium of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Volkskammer" title="Presidium of the Volkskammer">Presidium of the Volkskammer</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>. </p><p>Similarly, Norway's Parliament, the <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Storting</a></i></span> is led by a <a href="/wiki/Storting#Presidium" title="Storting">Presidium</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Storting" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Storting">President</a> and 5 vice-presidents. The Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a></i></span> is also led by a <a href="/wiki/Riksdag#Presidium" title="Riksdag">Presidium</a> of a Speaker and 3 deputies. The <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a> in Greece is led by a <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Hellenic_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidium of the Hellenic Parliament">Presidium</a> composed of the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Hellenic_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament">Speaker</a>, 7 deputies, 3 deans and 6 secretaries. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> is led by the <i>Prezydium</i>, made up of the <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Sejm" title="Marshal of the Sejm">Marshal</a> and the Deputy Marshals of the Sejm.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Head of the Chancellery of the Sejm also attends the meetings of the Presidium in an advisory capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Republic of Poland">Senate of the Republic of Poland</a> is similarly made up of the <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Senate">Marshal</a> and Deputy Marshals of the Senate. The Senate may elect no more than 4 Deputy Marshals, whilst in the Sejm the number of Deputy Marshals is determined at the pleasure of the house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-state_organisations">Non-state organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-state organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a> advises its president and prepares questions for consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Flemish and Scandinavian student organisations, <i>presidium</i> is an umbrella term for all the chairmen in the organisations' administration.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Presidium headed by a president, elected together quinquennially, governs the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Wagner_Societies" title="International Association of Wagner Societies">International Association of Wagner Societies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Office of the President (disambiguation)">Office of the President (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/presidium">"Definition of PRESIDIUM"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+PRESIDIUM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fpresidium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albd.org/index.php/en/party/organisatio">"Organisation"</a>. <i>Bangladesh Awami League</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangladesh+Awami+League&rft.atitle=Organisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albd.org%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fparty%2Forganisatio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidium" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP20210000483/O/M20210483.pdf">"Standing Orders of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Internet System of Legal Acts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+System+of+Legal+Acts&rft.atitle=Standing+Orders+of+the+Sejm+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisap.sejm.gov.pl%2Fisap.nsf%2Fdownload.xsp%2FWMP20210000483%2FO%2FM20210483.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sejm.gov.pl/sejm9.nsf/page.xsp/prezydium_sejmu">"Prezydium Sejmu"</a>. <i>Sejm RP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sejm+RP&rft.atitle=Prezydium+Sejmu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sejm.gov.pl%2Fsejm9.nsf%2Fpage.xsp%2Fprezydium_sejmu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialistinternational.org/viewArticle.cfm?ArticleID=27">"Statutes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statutes&rft.pub=Socialist+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialistinternational.org%2FviewArticle.cfm%3FArticleID%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ufsverige.org/en/apply-to-the-ufs-presidium-of-24-25/"><i>Apply to the UFS presidium of 24/25!</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Association_of_International_Affairs" title="Swedish Association of International Affairs">Swedish Association of International Affairs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100067485">International Association of the Wagner Societies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Union_of_International_Associations" title="Union of International Associations">Union of International Associations</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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