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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG/220px-Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG/330px-Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG/440px-Detroit_Night_Skyline_Cropped_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2494" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></figcaption></figure> The metropolitan area surrounding and including <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, is a ten-county area with a population of over 5.9 million, a workforce of 2.6 million, and about 347,000 businesses.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Detroit's six-county <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> has a population of about 4.3 million, a workforce of about 2.1 million,<a href="#cite_note-MILMI-2">[2]</a> and a gross metropolitan product of $200.9 billion.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Detroit's <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban area</a> has a population of 3.9 million. A 2005 <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a> study estimated that Detroit's urban area had a gross domestic product of $203 billion.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> About 180,500 people work in downtown Detroit, comprising one-fifth of the city's employment base.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> has propelled Michigan's national ranking in <a href="/wiki/Emerging_technologies" title="Emerging technologies">emerging technology</a> fields such as life sciences, information technology, and advanced manufacturing; Michigan ranks fourth in the U.S. in high tech employment with 568,000 high tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.<a href="#cite_note-MEDCHiTech-7">[7]</a> Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> expenditures in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MEDCR&D-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-R&D-9">[9]</a> Metro Detroit is the second-largest source of architectural and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> job opportunities in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-10">[10]</a> Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world,<a href="#cite_note-autocapital-11">[11]</a> with the domestic auto industry primarily headquartered in Metro Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-CAR-12">[12]</a> As of 2003, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers claimed that new vehicle production, sales, and jobs related to automobile use account for one of every ten jobs in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In April 2008, metropolitan Detroit's unemployment rate was 6.9 percent; in November 2012, it was 7.9 percent.<a href="#cite_note-MILMI-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-BLS-14">[14]</a> Economic issues include the city of Detroit's unemployment rate at 15.8 percent in April 2012.<a href="#cite_note-MILMI-2">[2]</a> The suburbs typically have low unemployment. The metropolitan economy began an economic recovery in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Real_estate_and_corporate_location">Real estate and corporate location</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Real estate and corporate location">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture of metropolitan Detroit</a></div> From the metro area economy, Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for in new corporate facilities and expansions.<a href="#cite_note-MEDC-16">[16]</a> From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments.<a href="#cite_note-MEDC-16">[16]</a> Among metro areas with more than one million people, Metro Detroit was fourth in the U.S. from 2007 to 2009 for new corporate facilities and expansions.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Medernach-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> has one of the nation's largest office markets with 147,880,000 square feet (13,739,000 m2).<a href="#cite_note-Colliers-19">[19]</a> Major inter-connected office complexes include the 5,500,000 sq ft (510,000 m2) <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a>, the 2,200,000 sq ft (200,000 m2) <a href="/wiki/Southfield_Town_Center" title="Southfield Town Center">Southfield Town Center</a>, and the 1,395,000 sq ft (129,600 m2) <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">Cadillac Place</a> joined with the 487,000 sq ft (45,240 m2) <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a> in the historic <a href="/wiki/New_Center_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="New Center Detroit">New Center</a> area. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg/220px-RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg/330px-RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg/440px-RowHouses_on_John_R.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Row_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Row houses">Row houses</a> on John R. Street, renovated as condominiums in 2003</figcaption></figure> The metro area's resilience has kept the state's economy growing in spite of difficulties. From the third quarter of 2006 to the fourth quarter of 2009, Metro Detroit's residential resale housing market struggled, along with the residential real estate trend across the United States creating opportunities for buyers.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Case%E2%80%93Shiller_index" title="Case–Shiller index">Case–Shiller index</a> projects Metro Detroit as the nation's third strongest housing market by 2014, attracting interest from international investors.<a href="#cite_note-FCS-22">[22]</a> Among the top fifty metropolitan areas, Detroit ranked as the third most affordable in the United States in a Forbes 2011 report.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Detroit was among the top five cities in the U.S. for job growth from 2010 to 2012.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> A 2011 economic study showed Metro Detroit with the highest share of employment (13.7%) in the technology sectors in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The state repealed its business tax in 2011 and replaced it with a 6% corporate income tax which substantially reduced taxes on business.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Michigan became the 24th <a href="/wiki/Right-to-work_law" title="Right-to-work law">Right to Work</a> state in the U.S. in 2012. Metro Detroit is home to highly successful real estate developers. Area suburbs are among the more affluent in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-Suburbsprofile-30">[30]</a> Some of the newer multimillion-dollar estates in the metro area include those of the Turtle Lake development in <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_MI" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomfield Hills, MI">Bloomfield Hills</a> by Victor International.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> There are a full range of retail shopping centers from <a href="/wiki/Department_store#Upscale_Department_Store" title="Department store">upscale stores</a> to <a href="/wiki/Discount_store" title="Discount store">discount</a> chains. In 2007, Bank of America with regional offices in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a> announced that it would commit $25 billion to community development in Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-Bank-32">[32]</a> The Cool Cities Initiative is an innovative reinvestment strategy for America's northern cities begun by Michigan leaders to rebuild inner cities and downtowns.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Immigration continues to play a role in the region's projected growth with the population of Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint (CMSA) estimated to be 6,191,000 by 2025.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Cities with existing infrastructure like Detroit are equipped to accommodate future increases in projected U.S. population growth.<a href="#cite_note-Nassar-34">[34]</a> A 2007 report showed the city of Detroit's average household income at $47,962.<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Urban_development_in_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban development in Detroit">Redevelopment</a> of historic buildings is priority for the city.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg/170px-1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg/255px-1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg/340px-1001WoodwardfromCampusMartuis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1901" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1001_Woodward" title="1001 Woodward">1001 Woodward</a> in Downtown Detroit, redeveloped into high-rise condominiums</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compuware" title="Compuware">Compuware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quicken_Loans" class="mw-redirect" title="Quicken Loans">Quicken Loans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_Association" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield Association">Blue Cross Blue Shield Association</a> have brought an increased employment base to downtown Detroit. In the decade leading up to 2006, downtown Detroit gained more than $15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors.<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-6">[6]</a> The Detroit Riverfront conservancy has been able to acquire the $500 million investment for Detroit International Riverfront development through a series of public and private grants to complete the first phase of the five and a half-mile (8.8 km) parkway along the riverfront east from the <a href="/wiki/Hart_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart Plaza">Hart Plaza</a> and the Renaissance Center to the <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle Isle (Michigan)">Belle Isle</a> Bridge with phase II west of Hart Plaza to the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ford Health System">Henry Ford Health System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Health_Systems" title="Vanguard Health Systems">Vanguard Health Systems</a> announced substantial renovations and expansions in New Center and <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greene-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anstett-38">[38]</a> Lifestyles for rising professionals in Detroit reflect those of other major cities. A 2007 study found that Detroit's new downtown residents are predominantly young professionals (57 percent are ages 25–34, 45 percent have bachelor's degrees, 34 percent have a master's or professional degree).<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitstudy-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitres-40">[40]</a> This dynamic is luring many younger residents to the downtown area.<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitres-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-InsideDet-41">[41]</a> Some are choosing to live in the grandiose mansions of <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a> in order to be closer to the urban scene.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The 365-acre (1.48 km2) river east development is a plan investing billions of dollars in a new mixed use residential, commercial, and retail space for downtown Detroit to serve the people where they work and live. To spearhead the development, Michigan created the <a href="/wiki/William_G._Milliken_State_Park_and_Harbor" title="William G. Milliken State Park and Harbor">William G. Milliken State Park and Harbor</a> downtown along the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">Detroit International Riverfront</a>. In 2007, downtown Detroit was named among the best big city neighborhoods in which to retire by <a href="/wiki/CNN_Money" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Money">CNN Money</a> editors.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In 2008, Troy, Michigan, ranked as the fourth-most affordable U.S. city with a median household income of 78,800.<a href="#cite_note-affordable-44">[44]</a> Oakland County is the fourth wealthiest county in the United States among counties with more than one million people.<a href="#cite_note-Suburbsprofile-30">[30]</a> Redevelopment of the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Shelby_Hotel" title="Fort Shelby Hotel">Fort Shelby Hotel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Westin_Book-Cadillac_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Westin Book-Cadillac Hotel">Westin Book-Cadillac Hotel</a> has spurred economic growth downtown. <a href="/wiki/Cobo_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobo Hall">Cobo Hall</a> convention and exhibit facility, which hosts the <a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a>, has begun a nearly $300 million renovation to be completed in 2014. Development of Detroit's west river area and its <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Station" title="Michigan Central Station">Michigan Central Station</a> are the next important challenges for the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance">Finance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Finance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG/220px-ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG/330px-ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG/440px-ChaseBuildingDetroit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>View from <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_Park" title="Campus Martius Park">Campus Martius Park</a> up <a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_located_along_Woodward_Avenue,_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="List of buildings located along Woodward Avenue, Detroit">Woodward Ave.</a>, left to right: The <a href="/wiki/First_National_Building" title="First National Building">First National Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Woodward_Avenue" title="One Woodward Avenue">One Woodward Avenue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Qube_(Detroit)" title="The Qube (Detroit)">The Qube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Building" title="Penobscot Building">Greater Penobscot Building</a>, and <a href="/wiki/One_Kennedy_Square" title="One Kennedy Square">One Kennedy Square</a> across from the District.</figcaption></figure> Metro Detroit is among the top five financial centers in the U.S. having all of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_accounting_firms" title="Big Four accounting firms">Big Four accounting firms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The area's major financial service employers include Quicken Loans, Ally Financial, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Credit_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Motor Credit Company">Ford Motor Credit Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comerica" title="Comerica">Comerica</a>, <a href="/wiki/PNC_Financial_Services" title="PNC Financial Services">PNC Financial Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Third_Bank" title="Fifth Third Bank">Fifth Third Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/JP_Morgan_Chase" class="mw-redirect" title="JP Morgan Chase">JP Morgan Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/GE_Capital" title="GE Capital">GE Capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/TD_Auto_Finance" title="TD Auto Finance">TD Auto Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deloitte_Touche" class="mw-redirect" title="Deloitte Touche">Deloitte Touche</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baker_Tilly_Virchow_Krause,_LLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP">Baker Tilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plante_Moran" title="Plante Moran">Plante Moran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Half_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Half International">Robert Half International</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond James">Raymond James</a>. Financial and investment executives have diverse employment opportunities in metropolitan Detroit. Ally Financial, headquartered at Tower 200 of the Renaissance Center, is among the largest holders of mortgages in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Detroit-based Quicken Loans is the fifth-largest retail home mortgage lender in the U.S. and the largest online. The metropolitan area has a range of venture capital firms which finance business start-ups and acquisitions.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> invests its $85 billion pension trust, providing funding to the area.<a href="#cite_note-Burr-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>'s historic <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Building" title="Penobscot Building">Penobscot Building</a> in the downtown <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Financial_District" title="Detroit Financial District">financial district</a> is in the heart of the city's <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">wireless</a> <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> zone and <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fiber-optic</a> network. Fifth Third Bank, which maintains its regional headquarters at tower 1000 of the Southfield Town Center, announced a $100 million expansion in the Metro Detroit area in order to take market share from Dallas-based rival Comerica, which also maintains a large presence in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. Fifth Third announced it would create 350 new jobs in the area and open 30 to 40 new branches.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 2009, Quicken Loans more than doubled its mortgage volume from the previous year to $25 billion, experiencing significant growth in market share.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In 2010, Quicken began a new division within the company to provide mortgage services to community banks nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 2011, Quicken Loans relocated its headquarters to downtown Detroit, consolidating about 4,000 of its suburban employees in a move considered to be a high importance to city planners to reestablish the historic downtown.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan</a> consolidated 6,000 of its employees in downtown Detroit, relocating 3,000 to Tower 500 and 600 of the Renaissance Center from Southfield.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Information_technology">Information technology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Information technology">edit</a>]</div> Metro Detroit accounts for the State's national ranking in <a href="/wiki/Emerging_technologies" title="Emerging technologies">emerging technology</a> fields such as life sciences, information technology, and advanced manufacturing; Metro Detroit's technology sector is fifth in the U.S. for total employment and fourth in the percent of employment concentrated within the sector.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-10">[10]</a> In 2010, the Detroit area became the fastest growing region in the U.S. for high technology jobs.<a href="#cite_note-Silicon-56">[56]</a> Downtown Detroit maintains a wireless Internet zone and has seen an influx of information technology jobs.<a href="#cite_note-Arend-57">[57]</a> A report by the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>–based TechNet group found Michigan to be the leading state for stimulating demand for broadband, positioning it during the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The Michigan Information Technology Center provides education, support services, and conferencing facilities for the region's information technology companies.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The metro area is home to high tech <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">business incubators</a> such as the Michigan Security Network, a consortium which coordinates business growth of cybersecurity, biodefense, and border security sectors.<a href="#cite_note-Zemke1-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zemke2-61">[61]</a> Some of the metro area's information technology and software companies with a major presence or headquarters include <a href="/wiki/Compuware" title="Compuware">Compuware</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Enterprise_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Enterprise Services">HP Enterprise Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiserv" title="Fiserv">Fiserv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covansys" title="Covansys">Covansys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>. <a href="/wiki/HP_Enterprise_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Enterprise Services">HP Enterprise Services</a> makes Metro Detroit its regional headquarters and one of its largest global employment locations. On June 26, 2009, General Electric announced that it will create software at a new advanced manufacturing and technology center in <a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_Township,_Michigan" title="Van Buren Township, Michigan">Van Buren Township</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GE-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immelt-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a> maintain a large presence in the area. OnStar, based in the Renaissance Center is also a source of growth. <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>'s largest corporate facility is its U.S. <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Headquarters_and_Technology_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler Headquarters and Technology Center">headquarters and technology center</a> in the Detroit suburb of <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a>. VisionIT and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Services" title="Kelly Services">Kelly IT Resources</a> are other large employers headquartered in the metro area filling a wide range of needs. Five of the world's twenty largest employers began in Metro Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> On June 30, 2015, Quicken Loans announced the opening of its new state-of-the-art, 66,000-square-foot Technical Center in <a href="/wiki/Corktown,_Detroit" title="Corktown, Detroit">Corktown</a>. The new facility will feature two 10,000-square-foot server rooms in addition to training, office, meeting, and technical support space. Half of the data center including one server room will be occupied by the Quicken Loans' technology team. An equal-sized 33,000 square foot portion of the building, including the second 10,000 square-foot server room, is available for lease.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_education_and_research">Higher education and research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Higher education and research">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Research_Center_for_Wireless_Integrated_Microsystems" title="Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems">Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Consumer_Sentiment_Index" title="University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index">University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Tank_Automotive_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center">United States Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_Research_Corridor" title="University Research Corridor">University Research Corridor</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Automotive_Research" title="Center for Automotive Research">Center for Automotive Research</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawyers_Club.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lawyers_Club.jpg/200px-Lawyers_Club.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lawyers_Club.jpg/300px-Lawyers_Club.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lawyers_Club.jpg/400px-Lawyers_Club.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Lawyers Club at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in Ann Arbor</figcaption></figure> Metro Detroit has diversified its economic base though initiatives in emerging technologies. Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall <a href="/wiki/Research_%26_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Research & development">Research & development</a> (R&D) expenditures in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-MEDCR&D-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-R&D-9">[9]</a> In 2011, Detroit received the first U.S. Patent and Trademark Office outside the Washington, D.C. area.<a href="#cite_note-patent-67">[67]</a> Metro area universities provide a source of top talent for the region. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a> is one of the world's leading research institutions and is among the highly ranked institutions in the U.S. The University of Michigan schools of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_College_of_Engineering" title="University of Michigan College of Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan Medical School">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ross_School_of_Business" title="Ross School of Business">business</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">law</a> are consistently among the top-ranked in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In 2002, the state constructed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=NextEnergy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NextEnergy (page does not exist)">NextEnergy</a> Center just north of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> to focus on <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cell</a> development and alternative energy. The area is home to many post-secondary institutions of higher learning and research, including: <a href="/wiki/Baker_College" title="Baker College">Baker College</a>, Carnegie Institute, <a href="/wiki/Cleary_University" title="Cleary University">Cleary University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranbrook_Educational_Community" title="Cranbrook Educational Community">Cranbrook Educational Community</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Michigan_University" title="Eastern Michigan University">Eastern Michigan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Technological_University" title="Lawrence Technological University">Lawrence Technological University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooley_Law_School" title="Cooley Law School">Thomas M Cooley Law School-Rochester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walsh_College" title="Walsh College">Walsh College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochester_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochester College">Rochester College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_University" title="Madonna University">Madonna University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marygrove_College" title="Marygrove College">Marygrove College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy" title="University of Detroit Mercy">University of Detroit Mercy</a>, the University of Michigan, and Wayne State University. On the Canadian side of the border, Windsor's two post-secondary institutions have partnered with auto makers to open high tech research and training facilities. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Windsor" title="University of Windsor">University of Windsor</a> is home to the University of Windsor/DaimlerChrysler Canada Automotive Research and Development Centre. <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_College" title="St. Clair College">St. Clair College</a> has the Ford Centre for Excellence in Manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care_and_biomedical">Health care and biomedical</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Health care and biomedical">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Life_Sciences_Corridor" title="Michigan Life Sciences Corridor">Michigan Life Sciences Corridor</a></div> Metro Detroit area is one of the leading health care economies in the U.S. according to a 2003 study measuring health care industry components, with the region's hospital sector ranking fourth in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-healthstudy-74">[74]</a> A 2006 economic impact report showed that the metropolitan region supported 245,379 direct health care jobs with an additional 120,408 indirect and induced jobs.<a href="#cite_note-healthjobs-75">[75]</a> Major health system networks in the region include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan Health System">University of Michigan</a>, Henry Ford, <a href="/wiki/William_Beaumont_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="William Beaumont Hospital">Beaumont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Medical_Center" title="Detroit Medical Center">Detroit Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._John_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Health System">St. John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_Health_System" title="Oakwood Health System">Oakwood</a>, St. Joseph, Karmanos Cancer Center, and the John D. Dingell and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Beginning in 2010, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a> opened Michigan's fourth medical school in a partnership with Beaumont Hospitals. The school will boost the region's economy with jobs in the life sciences, research, clinical trials, and doctors<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Wayne State University in Detroit has the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the nation's fourth largest medical school overall.<a href="#cite_note-pro-77">[77]</a> Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30, 2010, as a for-profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 billion in the Detroit Medical Center complex which will include $417 million to retire debts, at least $350 million in capital expenditures and an additional $500 M for new capital investment.<a href="#cite_note-Anstett-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In January 2009, the University of Michigan established the North Campus Research Complex through its purchase of the former Pfizer research facility with 30 buildings on 174 acres (0.70 km2) in Ann Arbor in order to create about 2,000 jobs through establishing commercial partnerships.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The Community Foundation of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a> administers $100 M of private foundation grants for the regions New Economy Initiative to spur investment in a variety of metro area projects.<a href="#cite_note-Zemke3-80">[80]</a> A BioEnterprise Midwest Healthcare Venture report found that the Detroit - Ann Arbor region attracted $312 M in new biotechnology venture capital investments from 2006 to 2009.<a href="#cite_note-bioenterprise-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In 2012, two major construction projects were begun in New Center, the Henry Ford Health System started the first phase of its South Campus site, a $500 million, 300-acre revitalization project, with the construction of a new $30 million, 275,000-square-foot, Medical Distribution Center for <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Health,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Health, Inc.">Cardinal Health, Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and Wayne State University started construction on a new $93 million, 207,000-square-foot, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio).<a href="#cite_note-Henderson-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> As many as 500 researchers, and staff will work out of the IBio Center.<a href="#cite_note-Today_at_Wayne-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing_and_industry">Manufacturing and industry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Manufacturing and industry">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:tan">Top publicly traded companies in Metro Detroit according to revenues with metro and U.S. rankings </td></tr> <tr> <th>Metro rank</th> <th>Corporation</th> <th>US rank </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow</a></td> <td>38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Aptiv</a></td> <td>121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally</a></td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TRW_Automotive" title="TRW Automotive">TRW Automotive</a></td> <td>169 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lear_Corporation" title="Lear Corporation">Lear</a></td> <td>195 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penske_Corporation" title="Penske Corporation">Penske Automotive</a></td> <td>225 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masco" title="Masco">Masco</a></td> <td>277 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></td> <td>282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE Energy</a></td> <td>285 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meritor" title="Meritor">Meritor</a></td> <td>346 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CMS_Energy" title="CMS Energy">CMS Energy</a></td> <td>369 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autoliv" title="Autoliv">Autoliv</a></td> <td>376 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulte_Homes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulte Homes">Pulte Homes</a></td> <td>393 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Services" title="Kelly Services">Kelly Services</a></td> <td>437 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</a></td> <td>453 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooper-Standard_Automotive" title="Cooper-Standard Automotive">Cooper Standard</a></td> <td>814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valassis" title="Valassis">Valassis</a></td> <td>809 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Affinia_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Affinia Group">Affinia Group</a></td> <td>853 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a></td> <td>874 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Source: Fortune <a href="#cite_note-Fortune_Michigan-88">[88]</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_companies" title="List of Michigan companies">List of Michigan companies</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_(Proving_Grounds),_Dearborn,_Michigan_(14200507431).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg/220px-Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg/330px-Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg/440px-Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Ford Dearborn Proving Ground (DPG), completed major reconstruction and renovations in 2006.</figcaption></figure> As the world's traditional automotive center, Metro Detroit is headquarters to America's "Big Three" automakers, General Motors, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autocapital-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Virtually every major global automaker has a presence in the area including technology and design centers. Oakland County's "Automation Alley" has over 1,800 of world's advanced technology companies with Metro Detroit ranking fifth in the U.S. in technology sector employment.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-michtrade-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-wtcdw-92">[92]</a> There are about 4,000 factories in the area.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The automotive headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Automotive_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Automotive Engineers">Society of Automotive Engineers</a> (SAE) is in the suburb of Troy. OnStar and Ally Financial are a source for growth. In spite of foreign competition for market share, Detroit's automakers have continued to gain volume from previous decades with the expansion of the American and global automotive markets. Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-94">[94]</a> In 2008, an <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s recession">economic and financial crisis</a> impacted global auto industry sales. For 2010, the domestic automakers reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cwiek-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buss-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arend-57">[57]</a> The sales revenue from just one of Detroit's automakers exceeds the combined total for all of the top companies in many major U.S. cities. A Center for Automotive Research (CAR) study estimated that tax revenue generated by the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">automotive industry in the United States</a> for a single year, 2010, amounted to $91.5 billion in state and local tax revenue and additional $43 billion in federal tax revenue.<a href="#cite_note-Auto_tax_revenue-100">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/220px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/330px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/440px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a> is the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>.</figcaption></figure> The area includes a variety of manufacturers and is an important component of U.S. national security.<a href="#cite_note-Clark-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_TACOM_Life_Cycle_Management_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command">United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command</a> (TACOM) is headquartered in Metro Detroit together with <a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge Air National Guard Base</a>. The region has important defense contractors such as <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a>. The area is home to <a href="/wiki/Rofin-Sinar" title="Rofin-Sinar">Rofin-Sinar</a>, a leading maker of lasers which are used for industrial processes. Advanced robotics is another important segment in the metro area. On June 27, 2009, General Electric announced plans to build a new $100 M center for advanced manufacturing technology and software, in Van Buren Township in <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne County</a>, expected to employ 1,200 people providing a pay range of $100,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-GE-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immelt-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Dow Chemical">Dow Chemical</a> is a significant company in the metro region. The metro region's large energy producers include <a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE</a> and <a href="/wiki/CMS_Energy" title="CMS Energy">CMS</a>. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg/200px-Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg/300px-Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg/400px-Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Labor force distribution in Detroit by category: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Construction</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Manufacturing</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Trade, transportation, utilities</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Information</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Finance</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Professional and business services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Education and health services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Leisure and hospitality</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Government</div></figcaption></figure> With its major port status, the city's infrastructure accommodates heavy industry. <a href="/wiki/Marathon_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathon Oil Company">Marathon Oil Company</a> maintains a large refinery in Detroit, expanded to refine <a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">oil sands</a> from Canada.<a href="#cite_note-MROrefinery-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_(company)" title="Lafarge (company)">Lafarge</a>'s cement distribution facility constructed at the city's Springwells Industrial Park in 2005 includes North America's largest cement silo.<a href="#cite_note-Lafarge-103">[103]</a> Detroit's automakers are building vehicles like the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Volt" title="Chevrolet Volt">Chevrolet Volt</a> flex fuel hybrid and <a href="/wiki/Buick_LaCrosse" title="Buick LaCrosse">Buick LaCrosse</a> e-assist hybrid. In 2006, Ford announced a dramatic increase in production of its <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid</a> <a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">gas</a>-<a href="/wiki/Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric">electric</a> models,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Ford and GM have also promoted <a href="/wiki/E-85" class="mw-redirect" title="E-85">E-85</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> capable <a href="/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle" title="Flexible-fuel vehicle">flexible-fuel vehicles</a> as a viable alternative to gasoline. General Motors has invested heavily in all fuel cell-equipped vehicles,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler Corporation">Chrysler</a> is focusing much of its research and development into <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Two days after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001, attacks</a>, GM announced it had developed the world's most powerful fuel cell stack capable of powering large commercial vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In 2002, the state of Michigan established NextEnergy, a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to enable commercialization of various energy technologies, especially hydrogen fuel cells. Its main complex is located north of Wayne State University. In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion batteries</a> which are expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-priddle-108">[108]</a> On quality, Cadillac outscored all other luxury automakers in two of three quality surveys by AutoPacific, Strategic Vision, and <a href="/wiki/J.D._Power_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="J.D. Power and Associates">J.D. Power</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Ford led all other automakers in the 2007 J.D. Initial Quality survey.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade">Trade</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Trade">edit</a>]</div> The Greater Detroit Foreign Trade Zone (GDFTZ) was created in 1981 through the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> to allow for the reduction of taxes across borders and to attract, retain and facilitate international trade<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 2011, Metro Detroit ranked as the fourth largest export market in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-exp-112">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">Infrastructure</a> is an important component in the metro area economy. Detroit has an extensive toll-free <a href="/wiki/Freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeways in metropolitan Detroit">expressway system</a> which, together with its status as a major port city, provide advantages to its location as a global business center.<a href="#cite_note-wtcdw-92">[92]</a> There are no toll roads in Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Metro Detroit is the country's number-one exporting region and busiest commercial port.<a href="#cite_note-michtrade-91">[91]</a> Detroit is at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes Megalopolis">Great Lakes Megalopolis</a>. The Ambassador Bridge is the busiest commercial border crossing in North America, carrying 27 percent of the total trade between the U.S. and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> More than fifteen million people and ten million vehicles cross the Ambassador Bridge and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit-Windsor_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit-Windsor Tunnel">Detroit-Windsor Tunnel</a> annually.<a href="#cite_note-TradePoint-115">[115]</a> A 2004 Border Transportation Partnership study showed that 150,000 jobs in the <a href="/wiki/Detroit-Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit-Windsor">Detroit-Windsor</a> region and $13 billion in annual production depend on Detroit's international <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">border</a> crossing.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River_International_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit River International Crossing">Detroit River International Crossing</a> project calls for a second bridge to be built across the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a> to facilitate increased trade and ease of travel. Many people commute across the Detroit-Windsor international border daily. Professions identified in the <a href="/wiki/Canada_-_United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement">Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement</a> which began in 1988 are permitted <a href="/wiki/TN_Visa" class="mw-redirect" title="TN Visa">TN Visas</a> for legal work in the United States and Canada, creating freedom of labor movement. TN status is recognized in the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) which began in 1994. As an example, a large number of nurses in Detroit hospitals also live in Windsor. The 710-mile (1,140 km) <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a> contains over 18 million people, with 51 percent of the Canadian population and three out of the four <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">largest metropolitan areas</a> in Canada, according to the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2001_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2001 Census">2001 Census</a>. Headquartered in Detroit, the international law firm of <a href="/wiki/Miller,_Canfield,_Paddock_%26_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone">Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone</a> P.L.C., is one of the largest in the United States. Metro area business leaders belong to the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Economic_Club" title="Detroit Economic Club">Detroit Economic Club</a>, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/211_West_Fort_Street" title="211 West Fort Street">211 West Fort Street</a>. The U.S. dollar is readily accepted as currency in Windsor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation in metropolitan Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg/220px-Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg/330px-Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg/440px-Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> that connects Detroit with <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, in Canada. It is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume.</figcaption></figure> Metro Detroit offers a comprehensive system of transit services for the central city and region. The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation">Michigan Department of Transportation</a> (MDOT) administers the advanced network of <a href="/wiki/Freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeways in metropolitan Detroit">freeways in metropolitan Detroit</a> and Michigan. The region offers <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">mass transit</a> with bus services provided jointly by the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Department_of_Transportation" title="Detroit Department of Transportation">Detroit Department of Transportation</a> (DDOT) and the <a href="/wiki/Suburban_Mobility_Authority_for_Regional_Transportation" title="Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation">Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation</a> (SMART) through a cooperative service and fare agreement. Cross border service between the downtown areas of Windsor and Detroit is provided by <a href="/wiki/Transit_Windsor" title="Transit Windsor">Transit Windsor</a> via the Tunnel Bus.<a href="#cite_note-Tunnelbus-118">[118]</a> A <a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">monorail</a> system, known as the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_People_Mover" title="Detroit People Mover">People Mover</a>, operates daily through a 2.9 mile (4.6 km) loop in the downtown area.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> provides service to <a href="/wiki/Detroit_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit (Amtrak station)">Detroit</a>, operating its <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(train)" title="Wolverine (train)">Wolverine</a> service between <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greyhound Bus">Greyhound Bus</a> provides nationwide service to Detroit with its station on Howard Street near <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Avenue_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Avenue (Michigan)">Michigan Avenue</a>. A proposed <a href="/wiki/SEMCOG_Commuter_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="SEMCOG Commuter Rail">SEMCOG Commuter Rail</a> service could link <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor (Amtrak station)">Ann Arbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Ford" title="The Henry Ford">The Henry Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>, and Detroit's New Center Amtrak station.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg/220px-DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg/330px-DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg/440px-DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption>Aerial of <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metro Airport</a> (DTW), one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">air traffic hubs</a> in the US</figcaption></figure> As a major U.S. port, Detroit is an important center for transportation and logistics employment including its aviation, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_railroads" title="List of Michigan railroads">rail</a>, truck, and ship docking facilities. Detroit maintains a <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a> dock and passenger terminal on Hart Plaza adjacent to the Renaissance Center. <a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Commercial vessels</a> dock at Michigan's 38 deep water ports which provide access to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Waterway" title="Great Lakes Waterway">Great Lakes Waterway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-businessrefs-121">[121]</a> Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) is one of America's largest and most recently modernized facilities, with six major runways, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> maintenance facilities, and an attached <a href="/wiki/Westin_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Westin Hotel">Westin Hotel</a> and Conference Center. Located in nearby <a href="/wiki/Romulus,_Michigan" title="Romulus, Michigan">Romulus</a>, DTW is metro Detroit's principal airport and is a hub for <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Airlines" title="Spirit Airlines">Spirit Airlines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bishop_International_Airport" title="Bishop International Airport">Bishop International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flint,_MI" class="mw-redirect" title="Flint, MI">Flint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toledo_Express_Airport" title="Toledo Express Airport">Toledo Express Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, are other commercial passenger airports. <a href="/wiki/Coleman_A._Young_International_Airport" title="Coleman A. Young International Airport">Coleman A. Young International Airport</a> (DET), commonly called Detroit City Airport, is on Detroit's northeast side, and offers charter service.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Willow_Run_Airport" title="Willow Run Airport">Willow Run Airport</a> in Ypsilanti is for commercial aviation. One economic development strategy proposed is an <a href="/wiki/Aerotropolis" title="Aerotropolis">Aerotropolis</a>, a concept utilizing Detroit Metropolitan Airport as a central business district.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Detroit Renaissance, now known as <a href="/wiki/Business_Leaders_for_Michigan" title="Business Leaders for Michigan">Business Leaders for Michigan</a>, announced an eleven-point strategy to transform the region's economy which includes development of the Aerotropolis.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The U.S. Department of Transportation has awarded $244 million in grants for <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> upgrades between Chicago and Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> A consortium of investors including the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> has proposed a new larger rail tunnel to accommodate large <a href="/wiki/Double-stack_rail_transport" title="Double-stack rail transport">double stacked freight cars</a> under the Detroit River which could open in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> With the new tunnel potentially emerging near the Michigan Central Station, a redeveloped station could play a role as a trade inspection facility.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism in metropolitan Detroit</a> is an important economic factor, comprising nine percent of the area's two million jobs.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> About 15.9 million people visit the area annually spending an estimated $4.8 B.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Besides casino gaming, the region's leading attraction is The Henry Ford, America's largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The Detroit International Riverfront links the Renaissance Center to a series of venues, parks, restaurants, and hotels by a riverfront walkway. The region hosts large multi-day events with crowds of hundreds of thousands to over three million people for annual events such as the <a href="/wiki/Windsor-Detroit_International_Freedom_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival">Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival</a>, the North American International Auto Show, and the Motown Winter Blast on <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_Park" title="Campus Martius Park">Campus Martius Park</a>. The city's Midtown and New Center areas anchored by Wayne State University attract millions of visitors each year to its museums and cultural centers; for example, the Detroit Festival of the Arts in Midtown draws about 350,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Mall developers consider the metro area's <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Collection" title="Somerset Collection">Somerset Collection</a> to be among the nation's top privately held mall properties with 2004 gross annual sales of about $600 M and sales per square foot at $620 compared to the national average of $341.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The area has hosted several major sporting events such as <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XL" title="Super Bowl XL">Super Bowl XL</a>; in fact, Detroit is the only northern city to have hosted two Super Bowls. <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a> hosted the 2009 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">NCAA Final Four</a>; in April 2007 it hosted <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_23" title="WrestleMania 23">WrestleMania 23</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>'s 2005 <a href="/wiki/All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Star Game">All-Star Game</a> was held at <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a>, as were 2006 <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> games due to the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> success. Metro Detroit is one of thirteen <a href="/wiki/U.S._cities_with_teams_from_four_major_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. cities with teams from four major sports">U.S. cities with teams from four major sports</a>. The area's 24,000-acre (97 km2) network of <a href="/wiki/Huron-Clinton_Metroparks" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron-Clinton Metroparks">Huron-Clinton Metroparks</a> receives about nine million visitors annually.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> About 5.9 million people live in the <a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a> region, making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in North America. An estimated 46 million people live within a 300-mile (480 km) radius of Metro Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-tourimmarket-137">[137]</a> Thus, the metro area has many opportunities for growth in tourism with great potential for development and expansion. The region's abundance of natural lakes and coastal landscape present investment potential for beachfront resorts and luxury high rise condominiums. In addition, there is the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River_International_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge">Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge</a> which is the only international <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife preserve">wildlife preserve</a> in North America, uniquely located in the heart of a major metropolitan area. The refuge includes islands, coastal wetlands, marshes, shoals, and waterfront lands along 48 miles (77 km) of the Detroit River and <a href="/wiki/Western_Lake_Erie" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Lake Erie">Western Lake Erie</a> shoreline. The city of Detroit functions as an entertainment hub for the entire region,<a href="#cite_note-tourimmarket-137">[137]</a> as casino resorts, major sports venues, and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Theatre_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Theatre District">theatre district</a> increase development prospects for new retail. Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resort hotels.<a href="#cite_note-Mink-138">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/MGM_Grand_Detroit" title="MGM Grand Detroit">MGM Grand Detroit</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/Motor_City_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor City Casino">Motor City Casino</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Casino_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino Windsor">Caesars Windsor</a> (2007), and <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Casino_at_Greektown" title="Hollywood Casino at Greektown">Hollywood Casino</a> (2008) comprise the regions four major casino resorts. Movie studios in metro area help to establish the state as a legitimate contender in the 12-month-a-year <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Detroit" title="List of films set in Detroit">film business</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Motown_Motion_Picture_Studios" title="Motown Motion Picture Studios">Motown Motion Picture Studios</a> (2009) with 535,000 square feet (49,700 m2) will produce movies at the Pontiac Centerpoint Business Campus for a film industry expected to employ over 4,000 people in the metro area.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retail">Retail</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Retail">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Michigan" title="List of shopping malls in Michigan">List of shopping malls in Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_December_2019_12_(Woodward_Avenue).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg/220px-Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg/330px-Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg/440px-Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Merchant's row on lower <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Avenue">Woodward Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> Metro Detroit has many chain retailers and <a href="/wiki/Super-regional_mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-regional mall">super regional shopping malls</a>, in both upscale and outlet style venues, which, in addition to the "land" malls of <a href="/wiki/Southland_Center_(Michigan)" title="Southland Center (Michigan)">Southland Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastland_Center_(Detroit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastland Center (Detroit)">Eastland Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harper_Woods,_Michigan" title="Harper Woods, Michigan">Harper Woods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westland_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Westland Center">Westland Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Northland_Center" title="Northland Center">Northland Center</a> closed in 2015), are located throughout other suburban municipalities such as Troy, <a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a>, Auburn Hills, <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a>, and Dearborn.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In the 2000s, some older malls closed, while some inner-ring suburban malls have been remodeled. Others have a new role with "<a href="/wiki/Big_box_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Big box store">big box</a>" establishments. During the same decade, upscale <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_center_(retail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle center (retail)">lifestyle centers</a> appeared in Detroit suburbs, most nobably <a href="/wiki/The_Mall_at_Partridge_Creek" title="The Mall at Partridge Creek">The Mall at Partridge Creek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charter_Township_of_Clinton,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter Township of Clinton, Michigan">Clinton Township</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Several suburban municipalities, including <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a>, Rochester, and Grosse Pointe, contain their own street-side shopping districts. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greektownnew2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Greektownnew2.jpg/170px-Greektownnew2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Greektownnew2.jpg/255px-Greektownnew2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Greektownnew2.jpg/340px-Greektownnew2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Merchant's row along Monroe Street, <a href="/wiki/Greektown_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Greektown Historic District">Greektown Historic District</a></figcaption></figure> Many local merchants and restaurants are located within the Detroit city-limits including <a href="/wiki/Lower_Woodward_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District">Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greektown_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Greektown Historic District">Greektown Historic District</a>, the Renaissance Center, and those in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Market_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Market Historic District">Eastern Market Historic District</a>; however, the city of Detroit has few big chain retailers.<a href="#cite_note-Foley-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guest-144">[144]</a> A 2007 Selzer and Co. poll found that nearly two-thirds of suburban residents said they occasionally dine and attend cultural or professional sporting events in downtown Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey-145">[145]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fairlane_Town_Center" title="Fairlane Town Center">Fairlane Town Center</a>, a super-regional shopping mall in Dearborn, is about 15 minutes from downtown Detroit. A 2007 Social Compact report showed that city of Detroit residents spend about $1.7 billion annually in the suburbs for retail goods and services.<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitstudy-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> As of 2009, "<a href="/wiki/Big-box_store" title="Big-box store">big box</a>" super-centers had yet to open stores within the city limits of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Meijer0-147">[147]</a> In August 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a> chain of super-centers announced it would open its first store within the city limits at the $90 million <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Marketplace" title="Gateway Marketplace">Gateway Marketplace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Meijer-148">[148]</a> In April 2009, developers announced they had leased 60 percent of the retail space for a planned $90 million open-air mall, the Gateway Marketplace, to be located within the city-limits of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Meijer-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trop-149">[149]</a> Gateway Marketplace opened in June 2013. Meijer then opened another store in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Redford,_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Redford, Detroit">Old Redford</a> section of the northwest side in 2015. As of 2009, the city's major bookstore is Wayne State University Bookstore, leaving an opening for a major book store chain. New car dealerships have migrated to the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-Foley-143">[143]</a> The decline of chain fast-food outlets within Detroit has closely paralleled that of the city itself, including a notable decline of locations of <a href="/wiki/Yum!_Brands" title="Yum! Brands">Yum! Brands</a>-owned restaurants within the city limits to the point that <a href="/wiki/Taco_Bell" title="Taco Bell">Taco Bell</a> is down to two locations on the city's west side, as well as an additional store in Wayne State University, as of 2019. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supermarkets_and_grocery_stores">Supermarkets and grocery stores</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Supermarkets and grocery stores">edit</a>]</div> As of 2009, German-based supermarket chain <a href="/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a>, which opened Detroit locations in 2001 and 2005, and the Michigan-based <a href="/wiki/Spartan_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartan Stores">Spartan Stores</a> were the grocery chains operating within the city of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Foley-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meijer0-147">[147]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> announced a new Midtown location in the city of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> This location opened in June 2013 to much fanfare. Many independent grocery stores serve neighborhoods in Detroit; however, a 2009 University of Michigan report estimated that neighborhoods within the city limits of Detroit have sufficient income to sustain from $210 million to $377 million in additional grocery retail spending which has leaked to nearby suburbs and that the city could support up to 1,000,000 square feet (92,900 m2) of additional retail grocery space.<a href="#cite_note-Guest-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larson-152">[152]</a> The report noted that retail grocery traffic tends to stimulate growth of other types of retail and that large retail chains have been slow to realize the growth potential for the city.<a href="#cite_note-Larson-152">[152]</a> As of 2011, according to Martin Manna, the Chaldean American Chamber of Commerce's executive director, 75 of the 84 supermarkets in the Detroit city limits are owned by <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Metro Foodland in the city is an African American owned business; it is the final remaining black-owned supermarket in Detroit, a majority black city. The owner, James Hooks, said that there always have been few black-owned grocery stores in Detroit. Former employees of Hooks had established two other black-owned stores, and both stores closed.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Detroit" title="Southwest Detroit">Southwest Detroit</a> has many independent grocery stores.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In particular Southwest Detroit has several Hispanic supermarkets, or supermercados, that stock meat, specialty produce, and tortillas.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media in Detroit</a></div> As the traditional automotive center, the region is a major source for related journalism and business news. <a href="/wiki/Gale_(publisher)" title="Gale (publisher)">Gale</a> publishing and <a href="/wiki/Crain_Communications" title="Crain Communications">Crain Communications</a> are headquartered in the metro area. The Detroit television market is the thirteenth-largest in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> however, these ratings do not include Canadian cable viewers who watch Detroit television stations; cities served by Detroit channels in Ontario include <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>; many Western Canadians also watch Detroit channels, such as <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> residents<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> These channels include <a href="/wiki/WJBK" title="WJBK">WJBK</a> 2 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>), <a href="/wiki/WDIV-TV" title="WDIV-TV">WDIV-TV</a> 4 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/WXYZ-TV" title="WXYZ-TV">WXYZ-TV</a> 7 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/WMYD" title="WMYD">WMYD</a> 20 (<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a>), <a href="/wiki/WPXD-TV" title="WPXD-TV">WPXD-TV</a> 31 (<a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion Television</a>), <a href="/wiki/WKBD-TV" title="WKBD-TV">WKBD-TV</a> 50 (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>), <a href="/wiki/WTVS" title="WTVS">WTVS</a> 56 (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>) and <a href="/wiki/WWJ-TV" title="WWJ-TV">WWJ-TV</a> 62 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>). Detroit has the twelfth-largest <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio</a> market in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> though this ranking does not take into account Canadian audiences. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movie_theaters">Movie theaters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Movie theaters">edit</a>]</div> As of 2015 there was one movie theater within the Detroit city limits showing first-run films: Bel Air 10 in northeast Detroit. There are some independent theater options: the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a> Detroit Film Theatre, the Cinema Detroit in Midtown, and the Redford Theatre in northwest Detroit. The Renaissance Center previously had the first-run theater Ren Cen 4 but it closed in the summer of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> In 2015, there were 49 movie theaters in the Metro Detroit area outside the city of Detroit totaling 522 screens, many of them also showing first-run films and offering <a href="/wiki/Stadium_seating" title="Stadium seating">stadium seating</a> options, which range from the five-screen Ford <a href="/wiki/Drive-in_theater" title="Drive-in theater">Drive-In</a> in Dearborn to decades-old single-screen theaters in communities such as <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Michigan" title="Farmington, Michigan">Farmington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a> to the <a href="/wiki/AMC_Theatres" title="AMC Theatres">AMC Theatres</a> Forum 30 <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">megaplex</a> in Sterling Heights. Of these, ten are megaplexes with 20 or more screens. These are found in Sterling Heights, Auburn Hills, <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Charter_Township,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Charter Township, Michigan">Clinton</a>, Dearborn, Southfield, <a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Michigan" title="Southgate, Michigan">Southgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Michigan" title="Brighton, Michigan">Brighton</a> and Ypsilanti. Since then, <a href="/wiki/Cinemark_Theaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinemark Theaters">Cinemark Theaters</a> opened a 12-screen location at <a href="/wiki/Southland_Center_(Michigan)" title="Southland Center (Michigan)">Southland Center</a> in Taylor in April 2016, Cinemark also offers the <a href="/wiki/Rave_Motion_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave Motion Pictures">Rave Motion Pictures</a> Ann Arbor 20 in Ypsilanti. <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> options in Metro Detroit include dedicated theaters at The Henry Ford and the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Science_Center" title="Michigan Science Center">Michigan Science Center</a> as well as in individual auditoriums at several AMC outlets and the aforementioned Rave 20 in Ypsilanti. AMC, Cinemark and <a href="/wiki/Regal_Entertainment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Regal Entertainment Group">Regal Entertainment Group</a>, operators of the United Artists <a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce</a> Stadium 14 just outside <a href="/wiki/Walled_Lake,_Michigan" title="Walled Lake, Michigan">Walled Lake</a>, face competition from Michigan-based chains <a href="/wiki/Emagine_Entertainment" title="Emagine Entertainment">Emagine Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/MJR_Theatres" title="MJR Theatres">MJR Digital Cinemas</a> and Phoenix Theaters. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_highlights">Historic highlights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Historic highlights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History of Detroit</a></div> President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> referred to America as the "<a href="/wiki/Arsenal_of_Democracy" title="Arsenal of Democracy">Arsenal of Democracy</a>". Detroit and its automotive industries played a pivotal role in the Allied victory during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> With Europe, Asia, and the Pacific islands under siege by the Axis powers, Henry Ford's genius would be turned to mass production for the war effort. Specifically, the <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> bomber, still the most produced allied heavy bomber in history, quickly shifted the balance of power. The aviation industry could produce, if everything went all right, one Consolidated Aircraft B-24 Bomber a day at an aircraft plant. Ford would show the world how to produce one B-24 an hour, and at peak production Ford produced 650 per month at Willow Run by 1944. Ford's Willow Run factory broke ground in the April 1941. At the time, it was the largest assembly plant in the world, with over 3,500,000 square feet (330,000 m2). Edsel Ford, Henry Ford's son, under stress, died in the spring of 1943 of stomach cancer, prompting Henry Ford to resume day-to-day control of the Ford Motor Company. Willow Run completed its first B-24 in October 1942, with production increasing substantially by August 1943. Pilots and crew slept on the 1,300 cots waiting to fly the B-24s as they rolled off the assembly line at Ford's Willow Run facility.<a href="#cite_note-Willowrun-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Largest_employers">Largest employers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Largest employers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_companies" title="List of Michigan companies">List of Michigan companies</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Metro Detroit's 25 largest employers<a href="#cite_note-Crain-163">[163]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Company/organization </th> <th scope="col">Metro location </th> <th scope="col">Full-time local employees </th> <th scope="col">Classification </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> </th> <td>1 American Road, <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,342 </td> <td>Automotive </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> </th> <td>300 <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">91,861 </td> <td>Automotive </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Stellantis North America</a> </th> <td>1000 Chrysler Drive, <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72,597 </td> <td>Automotive </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Public Schools">Detroit Public Schools</a> </th> <td>3011 W. Grand Blvd., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37,329 </td> <td>Education </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rock_Ventures" title="Rock Ventures">Rock Ventures</a> </th> <td>1092 Woodward Ave., <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,000<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </td> <td>Financial services </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> </th> <td>Main Campus, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,832 </td> <td>Education and research </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan Health System">University of Michigan Health System</a> </th> <td>1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,551 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> </th> <td>1401 W. Fort St., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,385 </td> <td>Postal service </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. Government</a> </th> <td>477 Michigan Ave., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,328 </td> <td>Federal government </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ford Health System">Henry Ford Health System</a> </th> <td>1 Ford Place, Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,139 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/St._John_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Health System">St. John Health System</a> </th> <td>28000 Dequindre, <a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,288 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Detroit, Michigan">City of Detroit</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_located_along_Woodward_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="List of buildings located along Woodward Avenue">2 Woodward Ave.</a>, Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,762 </td> <td>City government </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Health_(Novi,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Health (Novi, Michigan)">Trinity Health</a> </th> <td>27870 Cabot Dr., <a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,012 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Beaumont Hospitals </th> <td>3601 W. 13 Mile Rd., <a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,638 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">State of Michigan</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">Cadillac Place</a>, Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,177 </td> <td>State government </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Medical_Center" title="Detroit Medical Center">Detroit Medical Center</a> </th> <td>3800 John R., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,003 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Oakwood Healthcare Inc. </th> <td>1 Parklane Blvd., Dearborn </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,515 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE Energy</a> </th> <td>2000 Second Ave., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,188 </td> <td>Energy company </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan</a> </th> <td>600 E. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,007 </td> <td>Health care </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/HP_Enterprise_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Enterprise Services">HP Enterprise Services</a> </th> <td>500 Renaissance Center, Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,711 </td> <td>Information technology </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Comerica" title="Comerica">Comerica</a> </th> <td>500 Woodard Ave., Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,169 </td> <td>Financial services </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> </th> <td>658 W. Kirby, Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,046 </td> <td>Education and research </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne County</a> </th> <td>600 Randolph, Detroit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,091 </td> <td>County government </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a> </th> <td>1 Village Center Dr., <a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_Township,_Michigan" title="Van Buren Township, Michigan">Van Buren Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,497 </td> <td>Automotive </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Controls" title="Johnson Controls">Johnson Controls</a> </th> <td>49200 Halyard Dr., <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,205 </td> <td>Automotive </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Economics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitchamber.com/business_development/index.asp?cid=146">Regional Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203205601/http://www.detroitchamber.com/business_development/index.asp?cid=146">Archived</a> February 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Detroit Regional Chamber. Retrieved on September 18, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-MILMI-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MILMI_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MILMI_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MILMI_2-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milmi.org/">Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth</a>. Retrieved May 22, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228054104/http://www.usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0608/GMP_Report__June_2008.pdf">"U.S. Metro Economies: GMP - The Engines of America's Growth"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0608/GMP_Report__June_2008.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Metro+Economies%3A+GMP+-+The+Engines+of+America%27s+Growth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmayors.org%2Fmetroeconomies%2F0608%2FGMP_Report__June_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html">"City Mayors reviews the richest cities in the world in 2005"</a>. www.citymayors.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citymayors.com&rft.atitle=City+Mayors+reviews+the+richest+cities+in+the+world+in+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citymayors.com%2Fstatistics%2Frichest-cities-2005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Henion, Andy (03-22-2007). 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Retrieved February 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Michigan+History&rft.atitle=Autos+to+Armaments%3A+Detroit+Becomes+the+Arsenal+of+Democracy&rft.date=1991-11%2F1991-12&rft.aulast=Lankton&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michiganhistorymagazine.com%2Fdetroit%2Fpdf%2Fautos_to_arms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willowrun-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Willowrun_162-0">^</a> Nolan, Jenny (January 28, 1997).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121204140927/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=73&category=locations">Willow Run and the Arsenal of Democracy</a> . Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on August 7, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-Crain-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Crain_163-0">^</a> Crain's List (2007).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.degc.org/data/Largest-Metro-Detroit-Employers.pdf">Largest Metro Detroit Employers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714093527/http://www.degc.org/data/Largest-Metro-Detroit-Employers.pdf">Archived</a> July 14, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved on August 22, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quickenloans.com/press-room/fast-facts/">"Fast Facts - Quicken Loans Pressroom"</a>. quickenloans.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=quickenloans.com&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts+-+Quicken+Loans+Pressroom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quickenloans.com%2Fpress-room%2Ffast-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_further_reading">References and further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References and further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak,_Richard2001" class="citation book cs1">Bak, Richard (2001). Detroit Across Three Centuries. Thomson Gale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58536-001-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58536-001-5"><bdi>1-58536-001-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+Across+Three+Centuries&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-58536-001-5&rft.au=Bak%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Bak, Richard (2003). Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire. Wiley <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-23487-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-23487-7">0-471-23487-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallard,_Charles_L.2006" class="citation book cs1">Ballard, Charles L. (2006). Michigan's Economic Future: Challenges and Opportunities. Michigan State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87013-796-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87013-796-4"><bdi>0-87013-796-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan%27s+Economic+Future%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-87013-796-4&rft.au=Ballard%2C+Charles+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallard,_Charles_L.Paul_N._CourantDouglas_C._Drake2003" class="citation book cs1">Ballard, Charles L.; Paul N. Courant & Douglas C. Drake (2003). Michigan at the Millennium. Michigan State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870136682" title="Special:BookSources/0870136682"><bdi>0870136682</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+at+the+Millennium&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0870136682&rft.au=Ballard%2C+Charles+L.&rft.au=Paul+N.+Courant&rft.au=Douglas+C.+Drake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCantor,_George2005" class="citation book cs1">Cantor, George (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploremichigand0000cant">Detroit: An Insiders Guide to Michigan</a>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-03092-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-03092-2"><bdi>0-472-03092-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+An+Insiders+Guide+to+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-472-03092-2&rft.au=Cantor%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexploremichigand0000cant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Michael_W._R.2007" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Michael W. R. (2007). Detroit's Wartime Industry: Arsenal of Democracy (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-5164-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-5164-7"><bdi>978-0-7385-5164-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%27s+Wartime+Industry%3A+Arsenal+of+Democracy+%28Images+of+America%29&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-5164-7&rft.au=Davis%2C+Michael+W.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_Dale2003" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Dale (2003). Building Michigan: A Tribute to Michigan's Construction Industry. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-891143-24-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-891143-24-7"><bdi>1-891143-24-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Michigan%3A+A+Tribute+to+Michigan%27s+Construction+Industry&rft.pub=Grass+Lake%2C+MI%3A+Eyry+of+the+Eagle+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-891143-24-7&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_Dale2005" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Dale (2005). Southeast Michigan: Horizons of Growth. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-891143-25-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-891143-25-5"><bdi>1-891143-25-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Michigan%3A+Horizons+of+Growth&rft.pub=Grass+Lake%2C+MI%3A+Eyry+of+the+Eagle+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-891143-25-5&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_Dale1994" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Dale (1994). Detroit: Visions of the Eagle. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9615623-3-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9615623-3-1"><bdi>0-9615623-3-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+Visions+of+the+Eagle&rft.pub=Grass+Lake%2C+MI%3A+Eyry+of+the+Eagle+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-9615623-3-1&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilovich,_PeterBill_McGraw2000" class="citation book cs1">Gavrilovich, Peter; Bill McGraw (2000). The Detroit Almanac. Detroit Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-937247-34-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-937247-34-0"><bdi>0-937247-34-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Detroit+Almanac&rft.pub=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-937247-34-0&rft.au=Gavrilovich%2C+Peter&rft.au=Bill+McGraw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyde,_Charles_K.2003" class="citation book cs1">Hyde, Charles K. (2003). Riding the Roller Coaster: History of the Chrysler Corporation. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-3091-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-3091-6"><bdi>0-8143-3091-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riding+the+Roller+Coaster%3A+History+of+the+Chrysler+Corporation&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8143-3091-6&rft.au=Hyde%2C+Charles+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIacocca,_Lee2007" class="citation book cs1">Iacocca, Lee (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wherehavealllead00iaco">Where Have All the Leaders Gone</a>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3247-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3247-7"><bdi>978-1-4165-3247-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+Have+All+the+Leaders+Gone&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-3247-7&rft.au=Iacocca%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwherehavealllead00iaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoremba,_David_Lee2003" class="citation book cs1">Poremba, David Lee (2003). Detroit: A Motor City History. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-2435-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-2435-2"><bdi>0-7385-2435-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+A+Motor+City+History&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7385-2435-2&rft.au=Poremba%2C+David+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoremba,_David_Lee2001" class="citation book cs1">Poremba, David Lee (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detroitinitsworl0000unse">Detroit in Its World Setting (timeline)</a>. Wayne State University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2870-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2870-9"><bdi>0-8143-2870-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+in+Its+World+Setting+%28timeline%29&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8143-2870-9&rft.au=Poremba%2C+David+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdetroitinitsworl0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_MichaelTom_Featherstone2001" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Michael; Tom Featherstone (2001). Labor in Detroit (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-1896-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-1896-4"><bdi>0-7385-1896-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labor+in+Detroit+%28Images+of+America%29&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7385-1896-4&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael&rft.au=Tom+Featherstone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlasic,_BillBradley_A._Stertz2000" class="citation book cs1">Vlasic, Bill; Bradley A. Stertz (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takenforridehowd00vlas">Taken for a Ride: How Daimler-Benz Drove off with Chrysler</a>. William Morrow & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-17305-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-17305-5"><bdi>0-688-17305-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taken+for+a+Ride%3A+How+Daimler-Benz+Drove+off+with+Chrysler&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-688-17305-5&rft.au=Vlasic%2C+Bill&rft.au=Bradley+A.+Stertz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftakenforridehowd00vlas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodford,_Arthur_M.2001" class="citation book cs1">Woodford, Arthur M. (2001). This is Detroit 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2914-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2914-4"><bdi>0-8143-2914-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+is+Detroit+1701%E2%80%932001&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8143-2914-4&rft.au=Woodford%2C+Arthur+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+metropolitan+Detroit" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerialpics.com/">Aerial pictures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessleadersformichigan.com/">Business Leaders for Michigan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215233228/http://cityscapedetroit.org/">Cityscape Detroit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitdetroit.com/">Detroit Metro Convention & Visitors Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econclub.org/">Detroit Economic Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704004827/http://www.degc.org/main.cfm?location=14">Detroit Economic Growth Corporation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitchamber.com">Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitriverfront.org/">Detroit Riverfront Conservancy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727204854/http://www.downtowndetroit.org/ddp/home.htm">Downtown Detroit Partnership</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://experiencedetroit.com/">Experience Detroit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guide2detroit.com/">Guide2Detroit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newcenter.com/">New Center Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nextenergy.org/">NextEnergy</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Detroit" title="Template talk:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Freeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Template:Parks in metropolitan Detroit">Parks and beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit"> Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2,_2021-09-06_(big_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A satellite image of Metro Detroit, with Windsor across the river, taken on ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite in September 2021."><img alt="A satellite image of Metro Detroit, with Windsor across the river, taken on ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite in September 2021." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/100px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/150px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/200px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11192" data-file-height="11192" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities over 80,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities 40,000 to 80,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Charter Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural enclaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downriver" title="Downriver">Downriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Michigan" title="Brighton, Michigan">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">MSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Detroit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Detroit" title="Template:Detroit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Detroit" title="Template talk:Detroit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Detroit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Detroit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/23px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/35px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/46px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">City of Detroit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Fire_Department" title="Detroit Fire Department">Fire & rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Freeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Detroit" title="Government of Detroit">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Detroit" title="Timeline of Detroit">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhoods in Detroit">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Detroit" title="Nicknames of Detroit">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Template:Parks in metropolitan Detroit">Parks and beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Police_Department" title="Detroit Police Department">Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Detroit" title="Crime in Detroit">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Water_and_Sewerage_Department" title="Detroit Water and Sewerage Department">Water works</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Detroit_(B%26W).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seal of Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/80px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/120px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/160px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="585" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michigan" title="Template:Michigan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michigan" title="Template talk:Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Michigan" title="Outline of Michigan">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Michigan" title="Climate change in Michigan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">Congressional delegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Michigan" title="Cuisine of Michigan">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fauna_of_Michigan" title="List of fauna of Michigan">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Michigan" title="Geography of Michigan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Michigan" title="Government of Michigan">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Trunkline_Highway_System" title="Michigan State Trunkline Highway System">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Michigan" title="History of Michigan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Michigan-related_articles" title="Index of Michigan-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Michigan" title="List of islands of Michigan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Michigan" title="Law of Michigan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lighthouses_of_Michigan" title="Template:Lighthouses of Michigan">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Michigan" title="List of museums in Michigan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Michigan" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">National Register of Historic Places listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Michigan" title="List of people from Michigan">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites" title="List of Michigan State Historic Sites">State Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_parks" title="List of Michigan state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_symbols" title="List of Michigan state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Michigan" title="List of tallest buildings in Michigan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Michigan_history" title="Timeline of Michigan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Michigan" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Michigan">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Michigan" title="Abortion in Michigan">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Michigan_culture" title="Category:Michigan culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Michigan" title="Crime in Michigan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Michigan" title="Demographics of Michigan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Michigan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Michigan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Michigan" title="Elections in Michigan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Michigan">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Michigan">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Michigan" title="Gun laws in Michigan">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Michigan" title="Politics of Michigan">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Michigan" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Country" title="Copper Country">Copper Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogebic_Range" title="Gogebic Range">Gogebic Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Michigan" title="Central Michigan">Central Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiana" title="Michiana">Michiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Michigan" title="Northern Michigan">Northern Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thumb" title="The Thumb">The Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Michigan" title="West Michigan">West Michigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">Largest municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Township,_Michigan" title="Georgetown Township, Michigan">Georgetown Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Blanc_Township,_Michigan" title="Grand Blanc Township, Michigan">Grand Blanc Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Holland Charter Township, Michigan">Holland Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Township,_Michigan" title="Independence Township, Michigan">Independence Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentwood,_Michigan" title="Kentwood, Michigan">Kentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Meridian Charter Township, Michigan">Meridian Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Michigan" title="Midland, Michigan">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Township,_Michigan" title="Orion Township, Michigan">Orion Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Pittsfield Charter Township, Michigan">Pittsfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage,_Michigan" title="Portage, Michigan">Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Saginaw Charter Township, Michigan">Saginaw Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming,_Michigan" title="Wyoming, Michigan">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti Charter Township, Michigan">Ypsilanti Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcona_County,_Michigan" title="Alcona County, Michigan">Alcona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alger_County,_Michigan" title="Alger County, Michigan">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegan_County,_Michigan" title="Allegan County, Michigan">Allegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpena_County,_Michigan" title="Alpena County, Michigan">Alpena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antrim_County,_Michigan" title="Antrim County, Michigan">Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenac_County,_Michigan" title="Arenac County, Michigan">Arenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraga_County,_Michigan" title="Baraga County, Michigan">Baraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_County,_Michigan" title="Barry County, Michigan">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_County,_Michigan" title="Bay County, Michigan">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzie_County,_Michigan" title="Benzie County, Michigan">Benzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berrien_County,_Michigan" title="Berrien County, Michigan">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_County,_Michigan" title="Branch County, Michigan">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Michigan" title="Calhoun County, Michigan">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Michigan" title="Cass County, Michigan">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix_County,_Michigan" title="Charlevoix County, Michigan">Charlevoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboygan_County,_Michigan" title="Cheboygan County, Michigan">Cheboygan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chippewa_County,_Michigan" title="Chippewa County, Michigan">Chippewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_County,_Michigan" title="Clare County, Michigan">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton County, Michigan">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Michigan" title="Crawford County, Michigan">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_County,_Michigan" title="Delta County, Michigan">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_County,_Michigan" title="Dickinson County, Michigan">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_County,_Michigan" title="Eaton County, Michigan">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_County,_Michigan" title="Emmet County, Michigan">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladwin_County,_Michigan" title="Gladwin County, Michigan">Gladwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogebic_County,_Michigan" title="Gogebic County, Michigan">Gogebic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Traverse_County,_Michigan" title="Grand Traverse County, Michigan">Grand Traverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratiot_County,_Michigan" title="Gratiot County, Michigan">Gratiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_County,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale County, Michigan">Hillsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_County,_Michigan" title="Houghton County, Michigan">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Michigan" title="Huron County, Michigan">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingham_County,_Michigan" title="Ingham County, Michigan">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia_County,_Michigan" title="Ionia County, Michigan">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosco_County,_Michigan" title="Iosco County, Michigan">Iosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_County,_Michigan" title="Iron County, Michigan">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_County,_Michigan" title="Isabella County, Michigan">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Michigan" title="Jackson County, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_County,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo County, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkaska_County,_Michigan" title="Kalkaska County, Michigan">Kalkaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Michigan" title="Kent County, Michigan">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Keweenaw County, Michigan">Keweenaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Michigan" title="Lake County, Michigan">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leelanau_County,_Michigan" title="Leelanau County, Michigan">Leelanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_County,_Michigan" title="Luce County, Michigan">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_County,_Michigan" title="Mackinac County, Michigan">Mackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manistee_County,_Michigan" title="Manistee County, Michigan">Manistee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_County,_Michigan" title="Marquette County, Michigan">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Michigan" title="Mason County, Michigan">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecosta_County,_Michigan" title="Mecosta County, Michigan">Mecosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee_County,_Michigan" title="Menominee County, Michigan">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_County,_Michigan" title="Midland County, Michigan">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missaukee_County,_Michigan" title="Missaukee County, Michigan">Missaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montcalm_County,_Michigan" title="Montcalm County, Michigan">Montcalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmorency_County,_Michigan" title="Montmorency County, Michigan">Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon_County,_Michigan" title="Muskegon County, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaygo_County,_Michigan" title="Newaygo County, Michigan">Newaygo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_County,_Michigan" title="Oceana County, Michigan">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogemaw_County,_Michigan" title="Ogemaw County, Michigan">Ogemaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontonagon_County,_Michigan" title="Ontonagon County, Michigan">Ontonagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola_County,_Michigan" title="Osceola County, Michigan">Osceola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscoda_County,_Michigan" title="Oscoda County, Michigan">Oscoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_Michigan" title="Otsego County, Michigan">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Michigan" title="Ottawa County, Michigan">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_County,_Michigan" title="Presque Isle County, Michigan">Presque Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscommon_County,_Michigan" title="Roscommon County, Michigan">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_County,_Michigan" title="Saginaw County, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanilac_County,_Michigan" title="Sanilac County, Michigan">Sanilac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoolcraft_County,_Michigan" title="Schoolcraft County, Michigan">Schoolcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiawassee_County,_Michigan" title="Shiawassee County, Michigan">Shiawassee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_County,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph County, Michigan">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscola_County,_Michigan" title="Tuscola County, Michigan">Tuscola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_County,_Michigan" title="Van Buren County, Michigan">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexford_County,_Michigan" title="Wexford County, Michigan">Wexford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" title="Template:Economy of the United States by jurisdiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" title="Template talk:Economy of the United States by jurisdiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of the United States by jurisdiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alabama" title="Economy of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alaska" title="Economy of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Arizona" title="Economy of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Arkansas" title="Economy of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colorado" title="Economy of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Connecticut" title="Economy of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delaware" title="Economy of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Florida" title="Economy of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Idaho" title="Economy of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Illinois" title="Economy of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indiana" title="Economy of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Minnesota" title="Economy of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Mexico" title="Economy of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_(state)" title="Economy of New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Carolina" title="Economy of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ohio" title="Economy of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oklahoma" title="Economy of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oregon" title="Economy of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Carolina" title="Economy of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tennessee" title="Economy of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Utah" title="Economy of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Virginia" title="Economy of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Washington_(state)" title="Economy of Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Virginia" title="Economy of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Federal District</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Washington_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Washington Metropolitan Area">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_American_Samoa" title="Economy of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guam" title="Economy of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Economy of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Economy of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Indian Reservations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfeet_Indian_Reservation#Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfeet Indian Reservation">Black Feet Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_Indian_Reservation#Economy" title="Flathead Indian Reservation">Flathead Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation#Economy" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation#Economy" title="Osage Nation">Osage Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation#Economy" title="Pine Ridge Indian Reservation">Pine Ridge Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people#Economy" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cities or counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Economy of Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Atlanta" title="Economy of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Buffalo,_New_York" title="Economy of Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chicago" title="Economy of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greater_Cleveland" title="Economy of Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Columbus,_Ohio" title="Economy of Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Door_County,_Wisconsin" title="Economy of Door County, Wisconsin">Door County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Economy of Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Houston" title="Economy of Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indianapolis" title="Economy of Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kansas_City" title="Economy of Kansas City">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Economy of Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Long_Island" title="Economy of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Economy of Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Economy of Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Economy of Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Economy of Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Philadelphia" title="Economy of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Phoenix" title="Economy of Phoenix">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pittsburgh" title="Economy of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Salt_Lake_City" title="Economy of Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_San_Diego" title="Economy of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spokane,_Washington" title="Economy of Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_St._Louis" title="Economy of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Economy of Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Economy of Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Washington_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Washington Metropolitan Area"> Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&oldid=1257902475">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit&oldid=1257902475</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Metro_Detroit" title="Category:Economy of Metro 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