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_nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c1746938471></ui-streamline-icon><span _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820>Share</span></button></div><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__title"><h1 _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__h1">Peptic Ulcers: Types, Symptoms and Treatment</h1><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__image"><img class="img-fluid w-100 h-100" src="https://ausmed-images.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_cover_v2.jpg" alt="Cover image for: Peptic Ulcers: Types, Symptoms and Treatment"></div></div><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__meta"><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="cpd-badge-bg"><cpd-badge _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 size="sm" _nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c3257604799><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3257604799 class="cpd-display cpd-display-sm"><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3257604799 class="cpd-display-item"><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3257604799>CPDTime.</div></div><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3257604799 class="cpd-display-count">8m</div></div></cpd-badge></div><span _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__meta-item"> Updated 11 Nov 2024 </span></div><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__actions"><app-backdrop-spotlight _nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c4169711516><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4169711516><button role="button" id="headerCPDBtn" class="btn-primary mr-sm-2"><ui-streamline-icon name="add" size="f-caption" theme="bold" class="sl-icon sl-btn-icon" _nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c1746938471></ui-streamline-icon> Document (it's free) </button></div></app-backdrop-spotlight></div><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c4044900820 class="resource-detail-header__bg"><img width="140%" style="margin: -3rem;" src="https://ausmed-images.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_cover_v2.jpg"></div></div></resource-detail-shared-header><div class="d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row gap-7 mt-6 mb-6 mb-lg-7"><article class="mt-3 mx-7 mx-md-11 mx-xl-6"><section><div longcontentevent class="page-article--document"></div><div><h2>What is a Peptic Ulcer?</h2> <p><strong>Peptic ulcers occur in the lining of the stomach or on the upper section of the small intestine</strong> (duodenum). They can be categorised as either:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Gastric ulcers:</strong> Ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach</li> <li><strong>Duodenal ulcers:</strong> Ulcers that occur on the inside of the small intestine.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Mayo Clinic 2024; Schafer et al. 2021)</small></p> <p>Normally, the lining of the stomach and intestines has defences against acid produced by the stomach. However, when something interferes with those defences, the acid may cause damage. <strong>A peptic ulcer is a product of this damage; it is an open and inflamed sore</strong> (MSD Manual 2023; Mayo Clinic 2024).</p> <p>Peptic ulcers vary in size, ranging from millimetres to centimetres (Vakil 2023a).</p> <p>It’s crucial that peptic ulcers are diagnosed and treated early to avoid severe complications (Malik et al. 2023).</p> <figure> <center><img src="https://ausmed-images.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_body_3.jpg" alt="peptic ulcer person with abdominal pain"> </center> </figure> <h2>Causes of Peptic Ulcers</h2> <p>The most common causes of peptic ulcers are:</p> <ul> <li><strong><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>)</strong> bacterial infection, which causes approximately 70% to 90% of gastric ulcers and 90% of duodenal ulcers</li> <li>Use of <strong>nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)</strong>, such as ibuprofen and aspirin.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Healthdirect 2023; Malik et al. 2023)</small></p> <p>Note that spicy foods and stress do <strong>not</strong> cause peptic ulcers, but can worsen symptoms (Mayo Clinic 2024).</p> <h2>Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer</h2> <p>Often peptic ulcers will not present with any symptoms (Mayo Clinic 2024).</p> <p>If symptoms do occur, they most commonly include a <strong>burning, gnawing or aching pain in the upper abdomen</strong>. The pain often comes and goes in intervals (Vakil 2023a).</p> <p>Other symptoms include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ausmed.com.au/cpd/articles/dyspepsia/view" target="_blank">Indigestion (heartburn)</a></li> <li>Nausea and/or vomiting</li> <li>Feeling full and bloated, or belching.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Mayo Clinic 2024; Malik et al. 2023)</small></p> <p>Eating food may dull the symptoms of duodenal ulcers but can worsen the symptoms of gastric ulcers (Vakil 2023a).</p> <figure> <center><img src="https://ausmed-images.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_body_1.jpg" alt="peptic ulcer diagram"> </center> </figure> <h2>What are the Complications of Peptic Ulcers?</h2> <p>Peptic ulcers may lead to the following:</p> <ul> <li>Gastrointestinal haemorrhage, which may lead to: <ul> <li>Passing bloody stools or black, tarry stools</li> <li>Vomiting blood, or blood that looks like ground coffee</li> </ul> </li> <li>Perforation through the wall of the stomach or small intestine, which can cause severe infection and pain</li> <li>Penetration through the muscular wall of the stomach or duodenum into the liver, pancreas or another organ</li> <li>Gastrointestinal obstruction</li> <li>Stomach cancer risk increases three to six-fold in patients with H. pylori-related ulcers.</li> </ul> <p><small>(MSD Manual 2023; Vakil 2023a)</small></p> <h2>Risk Factors for Peptic Ulcers</h2> <p>Peptic ulcers can affect people of any age. However, they mostly occur in people over 60 and males are more commonly affected than females (NHS 2022).</p> <p>Smoking is still considered a risk factor for the development of ulcers and the complications they cause. Additionally, smoking is known to impede healing and increase the chance of recurrence (Vakil 2023a).</p> <p>Other risk factors include:</p> <ul> <li>Family history of peptic ulcers</li> <li>Taking certain medications, including corticosteroids and bisphosphonates</li> <li>Illnesses causing a hypersecretory environment, such as cystic fibrosis.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Malik et al. 2023)</small></p> <h2>Diagnosing Peptic Ulcers</h2> <p>A general practitioner may suggest an examination if a patient has stomach pain characteristic of ulcers.</p> <p>Tests may need to be performed:</p> <ul> <li>If symptoms do not resolve following multiple weeks of treatment</li> <li>When symptoms first appear in someone over the age of 45</li> <li>If a person is presenting with other symptoms such as weight loss.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Vakil 2023a)</small></p> <p>Diagnostic methods may include:</p> <ul> <li>Endoscopy</li> <li>Biopsy if an ulcer is found during the endoscopy</li> <li>C14 breath test to check for H. pylori.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Better Health Channel 2023)</small></p> <h2>Treating Peptic Ulcers</h2> <p><strong>Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers</strong> involves removing the cause, which may require:</p> <ul> <li>Antibiotics in the case of <em>H. pylori</em> infection</li> <li>Acid-suppressing medications (e.g. proton pump inhibitors)</li> <li>Antacids.</li> </ul> <p><small>(MSD Manual 2023)</small></p> <p>Note that even after successful treatment, approximately 60% of ulcers will recur (Malik et al. 2023). However, eradicating H. pylori significantly reduces this risk of recurrence (Vakil 2023b).</p> <h2>Preventing Peptic Ulcers</h2> <ul> <li>Protect from infection through good hygiene practices</li> <li>Avoid overusing NSAIDs - if painkillers are required, they should be taken with meals.</li> </ul> <p><small>(Malik et al. 2023; Mayo Clinic 2022)</small></p> <figure> <center><img src="https://ausmed-images.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_body_2.jpg" alt="peptic ulcer taking painkillers"> </center> </figure> <br></div><resource-detail-overview _nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c3044419385><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3044419385 class="d-flex flex-column gap-7"><section _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3044419385></section><section _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3044419385><h3 _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3044419385 class="mt-0 mb-3"> Topics <a _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c3044419385 href="/learn/all-topics"><ui-streamline-icon 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align-items-center justify-content-between p-4"><h3 class="mb-0">References</h3><div><ui-streamline-icon name="arrow-down-1" theme="bold" size="f-paragraph" _nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c1746938471></ui-streamline-icon></div></div><div class="p-4" hidden><div></div><div><ul class="list-group list-group-references"> <li class="list-group-item">Better Health Channel 2023, <em>Stomach Ulcer</em>, Victoria State Government, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stomach-ulcer" target="_blank">https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stomach-ulcer</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">Healthdirect 2023, <em>Stomach Ulcers</em>, Australian Government, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stomach-ulcers" target="_blank">https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stomach-ulcers</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">Malik, TF, Gnanapandithan, K & Singh, K 2023, ‘Peptic Ulcer Disease’, StatPearls, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">Mayo Clinic 2024, <em>Peptic Ulcer</em>, Mayo Clinic, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354223" target="_blank">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354223</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">MSD Manual 2023, <em>Quick Facts: Peptic Ulcer Disease</em>, MSD Manual Consumer Version, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/quick-facts-digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease" target="_blank">https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/quick-facts-digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">National Health Service 2022, <em>Stomach Ulcer</em>, NHS, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/" target="_blank">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">Schafer, TW, Caufield, SP & DeBanto, J 2021, <em>Peptic Ulcer Disease</em>, American College of Gastroenterology, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/" target="_blank">https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">Vakil, N 2023a, <em>Peptic Ulcer Disease</em>, MSD Manual Consumer Version, viewed 11 November 2024, <a href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease" target="_blank">https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease</a></li> <li class="list-group-item">Vakil, N 2023b, <em>Peptic Ulcer Disease</em>, MSD Manual Professional Version, viewed 12 November 2024, <a href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease" target="_blank">https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease</a></li> </ul></div></div></div></section></div></resource-detail-overview><section class="mb-4"><learning-assessment _nghost-ausmed-cpd-state-c1282328874><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c1282328874 class="d-flex flex-column border border-neutral-300 p-4" style="border-radius: 0.5rem;"><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c1282328874 class="d-flex align-items-sm-center flex-column flex-sm-row justify-content-between"><div _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c1282328874 class="d-block d-sm-flex align-items-center order-2 order-md-1"><h3 _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c1282328874 class="mr-sm-2">Test Your Knowledge</h3></div><p _ngcontent-ausmed-cpd-state-c1282328874 class="f-4 mb-0 d-flex justify-content-end text-neutral-800 fw-normal 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Treatment","activityType":"blog","min":8,"categories":["3a3973b8-1857-4469-936b-c68abe9cb6e9","44c823ae-431e-4265-8b61-9634efe68a1a","8a51f6e9-0d70-4aff-9f74-2b89b57f9561","7ce2666f-1c9b-4882-90be-2cf097b776f0"],"topics":["c4c3836d-b231-4593-ab0f-6eece20f9bea","de7e2426-07be-4bb5-a229-d3e3f9934969","2a3faf90-3606-4b3c-aef4-7329b4aa7ba6","cc65571f-5cfb-465c-9caa-295aec4f804d","f2e0da36-8418-4060-8c79-29897750f778","22146b27-7f36-4806-9f46-b6080cb7b621","c592857d-daae-4c3a-b28f-f624098b21ca"],"keywords":["Clinical Assessment","Gastroenterology","Infectious Diseases","Infection Prevention and Control","Medications","Preventative Health","Primary Health"],"professions":["Nurse Practitioner","Other","Registered Nurse","Enrolled Nurse","Non-Practising","Student Nurse or Midwife","Pharmacist"],"educatorNames":["Ausmed Editorial Team"],"createDate":"2019-11-18T17:35:38.000Z","updateDate":"2024-11-11T23:42:34.000Z","availableDate":"2024-11-11T13:00:00.000Z","expiryDate":"2026-11-29T13:00:00.000Z","bundles":["33cce188-ee06-4ac8-a185-82c4efd472ba"],"blogDetail":{"resourceID":"77a26403-7dcc-4f9a-846f-41ef0f4a0ec8","status":"Published","providerName":"Ausmed Education","content":"\u003Ch2>What is a Peptic Ulcer?\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Peptic ulcers occur in the lining of the stomach or on the upper section of the small intestine\u003C/strong> (duodenum). They can be categorised as either:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Gastric ulcers:\u003C/strong> Ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Duodenal ulcers:\u003C/strong> Ulcers that occur on the inside of the small intestine.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Mayo Clinic 2024; Schafer et al. 2021)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Normally, the lining of the stomach and intestines has defences against acid produced by the stomach. However, when something interferes with those defences, the acid may cause damage. \u003Cstrong>A peptic ulcer is a product of this damage; it is an open and inflamed sore\u003C/strong> (MSD Manual 2023; Mayo Clinic 2024).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Peptic ulcers vary in size, ranging from millimetres to centimetres (Vakil 2023a).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>It’s crucial that peptic ulcers are diagnosed and treated early to avoid severe complications (Malik et al. 2023).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\n\u003Ccenter>\u003Cimg src=\"https://ausmed-images.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_body_3.jpg\" alt=\"peptic ulcer person with abdominal pain\">\n\u003C/center>\n\u003C/figure>\n\n\u003Ch2>Causes of Peptic Ulcers\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>The most common causes of peptic ulcers are:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Cem>Helicobacter pylori\u003C/em> (\u003Cem>H. pylori\u003C/em>)\u003C/strong> bacterial infection, which causes approximately 70% to 90% of gastric ulcers and 90% of duodenal ulcers\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Use of \u003Cstrong>nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)\u003C/strong>, such as ibuprofen and aspirin.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Healthdirect 2023; Malik et al. 2023)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Note that spicy foods and stress do \u003Cstrong>not\u003C/strong> cause peptic ulcers, but can worsen symptoms (Mayo Clinic 2024).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Ch2>Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>Often peptic ulcers will not present with any symptoms (Mayo Clinic 2024).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>If symptoms do occur, they most commonly include a \u003Cstrong>burning, gnawing or aching pain in the upper abdomen\u003C/strong>. The pain often comes and goes in intervals (Vakil 2023a).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Other symptoms include:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ausmed.com.au/cpd/articles/dyspepsia/view\" target=\"_blank\">Indigestion (heartburn)\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Nausea and/or vomiting\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Feeling full and bloated, or belching.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Mayo Clinic 2024; Malik et al. 2023)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Eating food may dull the symptoms of duodenal ulcers but can worsen the symptoms of gastric ulcers (Vakil 2023a).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\n\u003Ccenter>\u003Cimg src=\"https://ausmed-images.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_body_1.jpg\" alt=\"peptic ulcer diagram\">\n\u003C/center>\n\u003C/figure>\n\n\u003Ch2>What are the Complications of Peptic Ulcers?\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>Peptic ulcers may lead to the following:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>Gastrointestinal haemorrhage, which may lead to:\n \u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>Passing bloody stools or black, tarry stools\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Vomiting blood, or blood that looks like ground coffee\u003C/li>\n \u003C/ul>\n \u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Perforation through the wall of the stomach or small intestine, which can cause severe infection and pain\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Penetration through the muscular wall of the stomach or duodenum into the liver, pancreas or another organ\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Gastrointestinal obstruction\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Stomach cancer risk increases three to six-fold in patients with H. pylori-related ulcers.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(MSD Manual 2023; Vakil 2023a)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Ch2>Risk Factors for Peptic Ulcers\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>Peptic ulcers can affect people of any age. However, they mostly occur in people over 60 and males are more commonly affected than females (NHS 2022).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Smoking is still considered a risk factor for the development of ulcers and the complications they cause. Additionally, smoking is known to impede healing and increase the chance of recurrence (Vakil 2023a).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Other risk factors include:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>Family history of peptic ulcers\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Taking certain medications, including corticosteroids and bisphosphonates\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Illnesses causing a hypersecretory environment, such as cystic fibrosis.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Malik et al. 2023)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Ch2>Diagnosing Peptic Ulcers\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>A general practitioner may suggest an examination if a patient has stomach pain characteristic of ulcers.\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Tests may need to be performed:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>If symptoms do not resolve following multiple weeks of treatment\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>When symptoms first appear in someone over the age of 45\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>If a person is presenting with other symptoms such as weight loss.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Vakil 2023a)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Diagnostic methods may include:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>Endoscopy\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Biopsy if an ulcer is found during the endoscopy\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>C14 breath test to check for H. pylori.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Better Health Channel 2023)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Ch2>Treating Peptic Ulcers\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers\u003C/strong> involves removing the cause, which may require:\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>Antibiotics in the case of \u003Cem>H. pylori\u003C/em> infection\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Acid-suppressing medications (e.g. proton pump inhibitors)\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Antacids.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(MSD Manual 2023)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cp>Note that even after successful treatment, approximately 60% of ulcers will recur (Malik et al. 2023). However, eradicating H. pylori significantly reduces this risk of recurrence (Vakil 2023b).\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Ch2>Preventing Peptic Ulcers\u003C/h2>\n\n\u003Cul>\n \u003Cli>Protect from infection through good hygiene practices\u003C/li>\n \u003Cli>Avoid overusing NSAIDs - if painkillers are required, they should be taken with meals.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Csmall>(Malik et al. 2023; Mayo Clinic 2022)\u003C/small>\u003C/p>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\n\u003Ccenter>\u003Cimg src=\"https://ausmed-images.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_body_2.jpg\" alt=\"peptic ulcer taking painkillers\">\n\u003C/center>\n\u003C/figure>\n\n\u003Cbr>","thumbnailImages":["https://ausmed-images.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-articles/20191119_cover_v2.jpg"],"excerpt":"Normally, the lining of the stomach and intestines has defences against acid produced by the stomach. However, when something interferes with those defences, the acid may cause damage. A peptic ulcer is a product of this damage; it is an open and inflamed sore.","reviewDate":"2026-11-29T13:00:00.000Z","publishDate":"2019-11-18T13:00:00.000Z","guidelines":["40a58630-3c02-4196-89c7-15b794b961e1"],"references":"\u003Cul class=\"list-group list-group-references\">\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Better Health Channel 2023, \u003Cem>Stomach Ulcer\u003C/em>, Victoria State Government, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stomach-ulcer\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/stomach-ulcer\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Healthdirect 2023, \u003Cem>Stomach Ulcers\u003C/em>, Australian Government, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stomach-ulcers\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/stomach-ulcers\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Malik, TF, Gnanapandithan, K & Singh, K 2023, ‘Peptic Ulcer Disease’, StatPearls, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Mayo Clinic 2024, \u003Cem>Peptic Ulcer\u003C/em>, Mayo Clinic, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354223\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354223\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">MSD Manual 2023, \u003Cem>Quick Facts: Peptic Ulcer Disease\u003C/em>, MSD Manual Consumer Version, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/quick-facts-digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/quick-facts-digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">National Health Service 2022, \u003Cem>Stomach Ulcer\u003C/em>, NHS, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Schafer, TW, Caufield, SP & DeBanto, J 2021, \u003Cem>Peptic Ulcer Disease\u003C/em>, American College of Gastroenterology, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Vakil, N 2023a, \u003Cem>Peptic Ulcer Disease\u003C/em>, MSD Manual Consumer Version, viewed 11 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\t\u003Cli class=\"list-group-item\">Vakil, N 2023b, \u003Cem>Peptic Ulcer Disease\u003C/em>, MSD Manual Professional Version, viewed 12 November 2024, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>","blogEducators":[{"relationID":"b7af085c-f2b0-4027-bb02-9e70864bd056","resourceID":"77a26403-7dcc-4f9a-846f-41ef0f4a0ec8","educatorID":"19d618b9-9e1b-421d-9b09-7ad56a48ba40","educatorModel":{"educatorID":"19d618b9-9e1b-421d-9b09-7ad56a48ba40","email":"ausmed.@ausmed.com.au","firstName":" ","lastName":"Ausmed","createDate":"2019-05-29T15:03:17.000Z","updateDate":"2024-10-28T01:59:23.000Z","alias":"ausmed-editorial-team","contactDetail":{"position":"Editorial Team","department":"","organisation":"","qualifications":"","photoURL":"https://ausmed-images.s3.amazonaws.com/ausmed.com/ausmed-educator/Ausmed-logo-square.jpg?stamp=1690771155383","country":"AUS","allowPost":true,"allowEmail":true,"allowTextMsg":true},"eventDetail":{"topics":["e6279e61-739d-4009-ac7c-2531b49a2425"],"biographyNames":["Default",""],"biographies":["Ausmed’s editorial team is committed to providing high-quality, well-researched and reputable education to our users, free of any commercial bias or conflict of interest. All education produced by Ausmed is developed in consultation with healthcare professionals and undergoes a rigorous review process to ensure the relevancy of all healthcare information and updates to changes in practice. If you have identified an issue with the education offered by Ausmed or wish to submit feedback to Ausmed's editorial team, please email ausmed@ausmed.com.au with your concerns.",""],"extraBio":"","brochureBio":""},"types":"Educator"}}],"blogExtraDetail":{"resourceID":"77a26403-7dcc-4f9a-846f-41ef0f4a0ec8","metaData":{}}},"aliasObject":{"alias":"peptic-ulcers-types-symptoms-and-treatment","resourceID":"77a26403-7dcc-4f9a-846f-41ef0f4a0ec8","resourceType":"blog","metaTitle":"Peptic Ulcers: Types, Symptoms and Treatment | Ausmed","metaDescription":"Peptic ulcers occur in the lining of the stomach or on the upper section of the small intestine (duodenum). It’s crucial that peptic ulcers are diagnosed and treated early to avoid severe complications. "},"assessment":{"assessmentID":"b4cb90d7-3372-44ae-9e9d-c34d2fae367c","resourceID":"77a26403-7dcc-4f9a-846f-41ef0f4a0ec8","passMark":100,"isRandom":true,"questions":[{"questionID":"a1271dda-5cf1-4bef-9d98-828d504b51d3","assessmentID":"b4cb90d7-3372-44ae-9e9d-c34d2fae367c","qType":"Multiple Choice","order":2,"text":"True or false: Peptic ulcers mostly occur in people under 60 years of age.","rationale":"","options":["True","False"],"answer":1},{"questionID":"31b6619e-ad29-4b0b-916d-f8355e6dae18","assessmentID":"b4cb90d7-3372-44ae-9e9d-c34d2fae367c","qType":"Multiple Choice","order":1,"text":"Which one of the following best describes a duodenal ulcer?","rationale":"","options":["An ulcer on the inside of the stomach","An ulcer on the upper section of the small intestine","An ulcer on the outer lining of the stomach","An ulcer caused solely by stress"],"answer":1},{"questionID":"e29aa597-e754-4607-9ee5-072f8ee3b448","assessmentID":"b4cb90d7-3372-44ae-9e9d-c34d2fae367c","qType":"Multiple Choice","order":0,"text":"True or false: Most peptic ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.","rationale":"","options":["True","False"],"answer":0}]},"source":"ausmed"}}</script></body></html>