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class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ирекле энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ba.svg" width="118" height="11" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" 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</div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геологияһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геологияһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Геологияһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геологияһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Климаты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Климаты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Климаты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Климаты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Флора" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Флора"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Флора</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Флора-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Гренландия</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 22 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrenlandiya_adas%C4%B1" title="Qrenlandiya adası — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrenlandiya adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Грэнландыя (востраў) — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэнландыя (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Грэнляндыя (востраў) — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грэнляндыя (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Гренландия (остров) — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гренландия (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Гренланди — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гренланди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B3nsko_(ostrov)" title="Grónsko (ostrov) — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grónsko (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%BD%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%A7%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Грѣнълѧдъ — церковнославянский" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Грѣнълѧдъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="церковнославянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB)" title="Գրենլանդիա (կղզի) — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրենլանդիա (կղզի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandia_(insula)" title="Groenlandia (insula) — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Groenlandia (insula)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Гренланди — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Гренланди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandiya" title="Grenlandiya — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grenlandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Гренландия (арал) — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гренландия (арал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinlande" title="Grinlande — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Grinlande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гренландия — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Острів Гренландія — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Острів Гренландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandiya" title="Grenlandiya — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grenlandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="格陵兰岛 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格陵兰岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6" title="格陵蘭島 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格陵蘭島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4148644#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстәлек битен ҡарау [c]" 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class="geo-services noprint"><span class="geo-geohack" title="Карты и инструменты на GeoHack"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=ru&pagename=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&params=72_0_0_N_40_0_0_W_region:DK_type:landmark"><span>H</span></a></span><span class="geo-google" title="Это место на «Картах Google»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=72.00000,-40.00000&q=72.00000,-40.00000&spn=0.01,0.01&t=h&hl=ru"><span>G</span></a></span><span class="geo-yandex" title="Это место на «Яндекс.Картах»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.ru/maps/?ll=-40.00000,72.00000&pt=-40.00000,72.00000&spn=0.01,0.01&l=sat,skl"><span>Я</span></a></span><span class="geo-osm" title="Это место на карте OpenStreetMap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=72.00000&mlon=-40.00000&zoom=15"><span>O</span></a></span></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1208854">.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox td,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox th{min-width:120px}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox td:only-child,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox th:only-child{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-nickname{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-cave .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-cave .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-cave .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-mount .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-mount .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-mount .infobox-below{background:#e7dcc3}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-surface .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-surface .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-surface .infobox-below{background:#ffe4c4}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-blue .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-blue .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-blue .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-water .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-water .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-water .infobox-below{background:#c0daff}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-underwater .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-underwater .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-underwater .infobox-below{background:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-green .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-green .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-green .infobox-below{background:#d0f0c0}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-yellow .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-yellow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-yellow .infobox-below{background:#eeeea7}.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-grey .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-grey .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .t-geoinfobox-grey .infobox-below{background:#eaecf0}</style><table class="infobox t-geoinfobox t-geoinfobox-surface" data-name="Остров"> <tbody><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above t-geoinfobox-name">Гренландия</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="t-geoinfobox-nickname"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Датский язык (был бит юҡ)">дат.</a> <span dir="auto" lang="da">Grønland</span></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-image" colspan="2"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q4148644$0E0B2DF9-D11B-421B-9220-6AB431CA006D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg/280px-Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg/420px-Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg/560px-Greenland_42.74746W_71.57394N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Характеристики</th></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Майҙаны</th><td>2 166 086 км²</td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Иң бейек нөктәһе</th><td>3694 м</td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Халҡы</th><td>55 992 чел. (2019)</td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Урынлашыуы</th></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span class="coordinates plainlinks nourlexpansion" data-param="72_0_0_N_40_0_0_W_region:DK_type:landmark"><span title="Показать карту"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Map/15/72/-40/ru" data-zoom="15" data-lat="72" data-lon="-40" data-lang="ru" data-overlays="["_d6523f3514bb4fc81607bc95fd284793333a1308"]">72° с. ш. 40° з. д.</a></span><sup class="geo-services noprint"><span class="geo-geohack" title="Карты и инструменты на GeoHack"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=ru&pagename=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&params=72_0_0_N_40_0_0_W_region:DK_type:landmark"><span>H</span></a></span><span class="geo-google" title="Это место на «Картах Google»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=72.00000,-40.00000&q=72.00000,-40.00000&spn=0.01,0.01&t=h&hl=ru"><span>G</span></a></span><span class="geo-yandex" title="Это место на «Яндекс.Картах»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.ru/maps/?ll=-40.00000,72.00000&pt=-40.00000,72.00000&spn=0.01,0.01&l=sat,skl"><span>Я</span></a></span><span class="geo-osm" title="Это место на карте OpenStreetMap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=72.00000&mlon=-40.00000&zoom=15"><span>O</span></a></span></sup></span></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Йыуыусы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Акватория (был бит юҡ)">акваторилар</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Атлантик океан">Атлантик океан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%91%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан">Төньяҡ Боҙло океан</a></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1172890">.mw-parser-output .ts-ПозКарта-метка{font-size:88%;line-height:1.2em;position:absolute;z-index:2}.mw-parser-output .ts-ПозКарта-метка-точка{position:relative;float:left;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .ts-ПозКарта-метка-ссылка{position:absolute;width:156px;top:-0.5em}</style><div class="location-map" style="width:280px; max-width:100%; margin:0 auto; overflow:hidden; position:relative;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания"><img alt="Дания" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Denmark_physical_map.svg/280px-Denmark_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Denmark_physical_map.svg/420px-Denmark_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Denmark_physical_map.svg/560px-Denmark_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="725" /></a></span><div class="ts-ПозКарта-метка" style="left:-628.95%; top:-391.67%"><div class="ts-ПозКарта-метка-точка" style="left:-4px; top:-4px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Красная точка"><img alt="Красная точка" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="ts-ПозКарта-метка-ссылка" style="text-align: left; left: 6.5px">Гренландия</div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-below" colspan="2"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q4148644$6D125C50-C2AF-4790-A1D1-37B66C90FD4A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greenland_Island" title="commons:Category:Greenland Island"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greenland_Island" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Greenland Island">Гренландия Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Гренла́ндия</b> (гренланд телендә Kalaallit Nunaat, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Дан теле">дан.</a> <span lang="da" style="font-style: italic">Grønland</span>) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80" title="Ер">Ерҙәге</a> иң ҙур утрау<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Төньяҡ Америка">Төньяҡ Американың</a> төньяҡ-көнсығышында урынлашҡан, шуға күрә физик география күҙлегенән уға ҡарай. Сәйәси йәһәттән <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европаға</a> ҡарай, сөнки эргә-тирәләге бәләкәй утрауҙар менән бергә <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Данияға</a> ҡараған <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Гренландия (административ берәмек)">административ автономиялы берәмекте</a> барлыҡҡа килтерә<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Атлантик океан">Атлантик</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%91%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан">Төньяҡ Боҙло океандар</a> менән йыуыла. Уның майҙаны 2 166 086 км² тәшкил итә<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — төньяҡтан көньяҡҡа — 2700 км, көнбайыштан көнсығышҡа табан — 1300 км. Майҙаны буйынса иң бәләкәй материк — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралиянан</a> өс тапҡырға бәләкәйерәк<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Утрауҙың иң ҙур тораҡ пункты — Нуук (Готтоб), 17 984 кеше (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-автоссылка1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-автоссылка1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ҡала Гренландияның көнбайыш өлөшөндәге ярымутрауҙа урынлашҡан. </p><p>Утрауҙың иң төньяҡ нөктәһе, 84-се киңлектән көньяҡтараҡ урынлашҡан Моррис-Джесуп мороно, 1900 йылда Каффеклуббен утрауы асылғанға тиклем, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Төньяҡ полюс">Төньяҡ полюсҡа</a> иң яҡын ҡоро ер майҙаны тип һанала. </p><p>Көньяҡ нөктәһе 59-сы төньяҡ киңлеккә яҡын. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Утрауҙы европалылар асҡанға тиклем Гренландияла арктик халыҡтар йәшәгән, әммә скандинавтар килеүгә уның тәүге тороусылары юҡҡа сыҡҡандар һәм утрау кешеһеҙ була. Гренландияның ерле халҡы тип йыш ҡына атаған эскимостар-калаалиттар, утрауҙа скандинав тораҡ пункттары ике йөҙ инде булған XIII быуатта ғына унда килеп сығалар. Әммә, уларҙан айырмалы рәүештә, эскимостар шул ваҡыттан алып утрауҙы ташлап китмәгәндәр һәм унда даими йәшәгәндәр. Гренландия эскимостарының ата-бабалары — Туле мәҙәниәтен йөрөтөүселәр. Туле мәҙәниәте беҙҙең эраның яҡынса 1000 йылында <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска">Аляскала</a> барлыҡҡа килә һәм унан бөтә Төньяҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канадаға</a> тарала, ун өсөнсө быуатта Гренландияға барып етә. Шул уҡ ваҡытта элек <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канаданың</a> төньяҡ-көнсығышын һәм Гренландияның төньяҡ-көнбайышын биләгән Дорсет мәҙәниәтен алмаштыра. Фольклорҙа һәм исланд яҙма сығанаҡтарында эскимостар менән Көнсығыш торамаһында, Көнбайыш тормаһында һәм Ивиттуутта йәшәгән скандинав күскенселәре араһында ҡатмарлы бәйләнеш булыуы тураһында дәлилдәр бар. </p><p>Гренландияны европалылар 982 йылда аса, ул саҡта утрауға норвег викингтары Эрик Торвальдсон Рыжий етәкселегендә төшәләр, ул ҡарымта арҡаһында <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия">Исландияны</a> ташлап китергә мәжбүр була. Эрик бында колонияға нигеҙ һала һәм утрауға «Йәшел ер» тигәнде аңлатҡан исем бирә. Бер версия буйынса, күскенселәрҙе күберәк йәлеп итеү маҡсатында бындай урынһыҙ атама «реклама» булараҡ бирелгән; икенсеһе әйтеүенсә, ул ваҡытта утрау ысынлап та үҫемлектәр менән ҡапланған булған. Һуңынан Эриктың улы Лейф көнбайышҡа табан экспедицияларҙы дауам итә һәм Винландты — хәҙерге <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канаданы</a> аса. Ул шулай уҡ Гренландияға <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Христианлыҡ">христианлыҡты</a> алып килә һәм унда йәшәүселәрҙе суҡындыра. Ул ваҡытта гренландтар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> граждандары тип иҫәпләнә, уның составындп шулай уҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия">Исландия</a> ла була. Скандинавтарҙың тораҡ пункттары ваҡыт үтеү менән тарҡала һәм 1408 йылдан юҡҡа сығалар тиерлек. </p><p>1536 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> һәм уның сит ерҙәрҙәге бөтә биләмәләре <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a> менән берләшмәгә инә. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a> утрауҙы үҙенеке тип иғлан итә һәм 1605 йылда яңынан колонизация башлай. 1814 йылда берләшмә тарҡалғандан һуң <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Даниянан</a> айырыла, әммә Гренландия уның составында ҡала. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы">Икенсе донъя һуғышы</a> ваҡытында Дания Гренландияның ғәмәлдәге контролен юғалта. Һуғыш тамамланғас, Дания утрауҙы яңынан үҙ контроле аҫтына ала, әммә колониаль статусын бөтөрә. 1953 йылда Гренландия Дания короллегенең бер өлөшө тип иғлан ителә һәм ил парламентында вәкиллек ала, ә 1979 йылда эске эштәр буйынса киң автономия ала. 1973 йылдың 1 ғинуарында Гренландия Дания менән бергә <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Европа иҡтисади берләшмәһе">Европа иҡтисади берләшмәһе</a> составына инә, ә 1985 йылда референдум йомғаҡтары буйынса унан сыға, шул уҡ ваҡытта уның менән бәйле дәүләт статусын һаҡлап ҡала. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геологияһы"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Геологияһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Геологияһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Геологияһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg/300px-Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg/450px-Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg/600px-Topographic_map_of_Greenland_bedrock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption>Боҙлоҡ ҡалҡанһыҙ Гренландия</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Greenland_big.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greenland_big.png/300px-Greenland_big.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="490" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Greenland_big.png 1.5x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Гренландияның һәм уның боҙло ҡалҡанының карта-схемаһы</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Greenland_scenery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Greenland_scenery.jpg/300px-Greenland_scenery.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Greenland_scenery.jpg/450px-Greenland_scenery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Greenland_scenery.jpg/600px-Greenland_scenery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>Утрауҙың көньяҡ өлөшөндәге Нанорталик янындағы ландшафт — тауҙар һәм йөҙмә боҙҙар</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg/300px-Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg/450px-Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg/600px-Greenland-teufelsschloss_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2389" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Иблис замогы тауы</figcaption></figure> <p>Гренландия тулыһынса тиерлек Канада ҡалҡанының төньяҡ-көнсығыш өлөшөндә урынлашҡан, тик көнсығышта һәм төньяҡта каледон йыйырсыҡлығы зонаһы үҫешкән. Ҡалҡанды тәшкил иткән тау тоҡомдары архей һәм иртә проторозой дәүеренең гнейстары, кварциттары, мәрмәрҙәре, граниттар һәм урта проторозой дәүере вулканоген-ултырмаларынан һалынған. Каледонидтарҙың көнсығыш зонаһы ҡалҡандан тәрән һынылыш менән айырылған. </p><p>Файҙалы ҡаҙылмалар архей-иртә проторозой дәүере тау тоҡомдары менән сикләнгән (Гренландияның көньяғындағы криолит; Гренландияның көнбайышында графит, мәрмәр); һоро күмер ятҡылыҡтары мезозой менән бәйле. Көнсығыш каледонид зонаһында ҡурғаш-цинк һәм уран мәғдәне ятҡылыҡтары табылған. Шулай уҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть">нефть</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">газ</a> запастары асыҡланған. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Климаты"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Климаты</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Климаты бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Климаты бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Гренландияның яр буйы райондарының климаты үҙгәреүсән. Көньяҡ-көнбайыш яр буйында иң йомшаҡ климат. Какортокта июлдә уртаса температура +9,6°C, Нуукта — +8,3°C, ә ғинуар айында - -7,8°C һәм -10,7°C. Йәй көндәрендә ҡайһы берҙә температура +21°C-тан саҡ ҡына юғарыраҡ була, әммә йыш ҡына йәйҙең иң ҡыҙған мәлендә лә температура 0°C тирәһе тора. Иң түбән температура утрау үҙәгендә күҙәтелә, ҡышын боҙ ҡатламында температура йыш ҡына -60°C түбән төшә,ә йәйен -12°C-тан юғары күтәрелмәй. </p><p>Көнбайыш яры ла һыуыҡ. Питуффикта ғинуарҙың уртаса температураһы -27°C. Бында йыш ҡына боҙ ҡатламы өҫтөнән сәғәтенә 70 км тиҙлек менән көслө ел иҫә. Ҡыш Диско утрауынан төньяҡтараҡ көнбайыш яр буйында ла ҡултыҡтар һәм фьордтар туңа. Гренландияның көньяҡ-көнбайыш ярында яуым-төшөм байтаҡ. Какортокта уртаса йыллыҡ яуым-төшөм — 1080 мм, Нуукта — 660 мм, алыҫ төньяҡта — ни бары 100—200 мм. Йәй көнө яр буйында йыш ҡына томандар була<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ҡалҡандың сикке өлөшөндә йәйге иреү һәм айсбергтарҙың бүленеүе арҡаһында боҙ сығымы Гренландия эсендә боҙ йыйылыу менән ҡапланмай, шуға күрә боҙлоҡ тиҙ кәмей — 2000 йылдан алып 2008 йылға тиклем боҙлоҡ 1500 гигатоннға кәмей<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, был йыл һайын Донъя океаны кимәленең 0,46 мм-ға күтәрелеүенә тиң<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Гренландияның боҙ ҡатламындағы һыу запасы (2,5·10<sup>6</sup> км³) Бөтә донъя океанының кимәлен 7 м-ға күтәреү өсөн етерлек<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Һуңғы 23 мең йыл эсендә Гренландия боҙлоҡтары иреү сәбәпле, Бөтә донъя океанының кимәле 4,6 метрға күтәрелә<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Флора"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Флора</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Флора бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Флора бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Гренландияла үҫемлектәр боҙһоҙ урындарҙа киң таралған. Көньяҡта кәкре ҡайынлыҡтар, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88" title="Миләш">миләш</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="Ерек">ерек</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тал">тал</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Артыш">артыш</a> ағаслыҡтары, шулай уҡ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Күрән һымаҡтар (был бит юҡ)">күрән һымаҡтар</a>, арса һәм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%8F%D2%A1%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡыяҡлы һымаҡтар (был бит юҡ)">ҡыяҡлы һымаҡтар</a> туғайҙары бар. 80° тиклем төньяҡ киңлектә тундра өҫтөнлөк итә, көньяҡта — ҡыуаҡлыҡ (кәрлә ҡайын, күк көртмәле, һаҙ емеше һәм башҡалар), төньяҡта — мүк-лишайниктар, төньяҡ яр буйында — арктик сүллектәрҙең һирәк үҫемлектәре. </p><p>Яр буйҙарында төньяҡ боландар, мускуслы үгеҙ (төньяҡта), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D2%A1_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аҡ айыу (был бит юҡ)">аҡ айыу</a> (гербта һүрәтләнгән), аҡ төлкө, поляр бүре, лемминг, яр буйы һыуҙарында — гренланд кит, гренланд тюлень, морж һәм башҡалар (барлығы 30 төр <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Һөтимәрҙәр">һөтимәрҙәр</a>). Ҡоштарҙан бигерәк тә гагалар, аҡсарлаҡтар һәм ағуналар киң таралған. Балыҡтарҙан треска, мойва, палтус, сёмга, акула аулау әһәмиәтенә эйә. Шулай уҡ креветкалар промыслаһы бара. Бөжәктәр класынан, 13 отрядтан 700-гә яҡын төр табылған, шуларҙың 300-ҙән ашыуы — ҡуш ҡанатлылар, 90 — яры ҡанатлылар (шул иҫәптән иңкештең 2 төрө, Bombus hyperboreus һәм Bombus polaris ), 60 — ҡуңыҙҙар (шул иҫәптән Atheta groenlandica — Гренландияның эндемигы), 50 — күбәләктәр. Үрмәксе һымаҡтар — 100, сөсө һыу ҡыҫала һымаҡтары яҡынса 60 төр, <i>Collembola</i> — 40<sup id="cite_ref-Biodiversity_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biodiversity-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ҡандала <i>Nysius groenlandicus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Biodiversity_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biodiversity-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=5" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldislandinfo.com">Joshua Calder’s World Island Info</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="dk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106211314/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052">LOV nr 473 af 12/06/2009 om Grønlands Selvstyre</a></span>. <small>ru:Закон об автономии Гренландии № 473 от 12 июня 2009 года (вступил в силу 21 июня 2009)</small> <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span><small>.</small> <i>retsinformation.dk</i><small>.</small> <small>Дата обращения: 18 июнь 2019.</small> <small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052">оригинала</a> 6 ноябрь 2018 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="dk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://danskelove.dk/selvstyreloven">Selvstyreloven. Lov om Grønlands Selvstyre</a></span> <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span>. <i>Danske Love</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsru.com/world/20may2009/law.html">Датский парламент одобрил закон о расширенной автономии Гренландии</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. NEWSru.com (20 май 2009). <small>Дата обращения: 18 июнь 2019.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/About-government-of-greenland/About-Greenland/Facts-about-Greenland">Facts about Greenland - Naalakkersuisut</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. <i>naalakkersuisut.gl — The Government of Greenland, official site</i>. <small>Дата обращения: 23 июнь 2021.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 24 июнь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203424/https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/About-government-of-greenland/About-Greenland/Facts-about-Greenland">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/list/the-largest-islands-in-the-world">Encyclopedia britannica.com</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. britannica.com. <small>Дата обращения: 2021-31-05.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-автоссылка1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-автоссылка1_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="dk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gl/dialog/main.asp?lang=da&version=201901&sc=BE&subthemecode=O1&colcode=O">Grønlands Statistik</a></span> <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span>. Grønlands Statistik. <small>Дата обращения: 4 май 2020.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://krugosvet.ru/enc/Earth_sciences/geografiya/GRENLANDIYA.html">ГРЕНЛАНДИЯ</a></i> — Кругосвет энциклопедияһынан</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2009/11/13/greenland/">Скорость таяния льдов Гренландии превзошла все прогнозы</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/326/5955/984.abstract">Partitioning Recent Greenland Mass Loss</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elementy.ru/news/430340">Элементы — новости науки: Гренландия всё быстрее теряет свой лед</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/nauka/3664543">Уровень Мирового океана повысился на пять метров из-за таяния ледников Гренландии</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biodiversity-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biodiversity_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biodiversity_13-1">13,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">«The Biodiversity of Greenland — a country study». // Dorte Bugge Jensen & Kim Diget Christensen (Eds.) — Technical Report No. 55, December 2003. Pinngortitaleriffik, Grønlands Naturinstitut.2003. — pp.1-165 (210). <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/8791214017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 87-91214-01-7</a> ISSN:1397-3657</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=6" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Гренландия">Гренландия</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Возгрин В. Е.</i> Гренландия и гренландцы. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мысль (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Мысль</a>, 1984. — 160 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">60 000 экз.</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Скотт Дж.</i> Ледниковый щит и люди на нём / Пер. с англ. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ровинская, Татьяна Львовна (был бит юҡ)">Т. Л. Ровинской</a>; Отв. ред. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Обручев, Сергей Владимирович (был бит юҡ)">С. В. Обручев</a>; Худ. Н. И. Гришин. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Географгиз (был бит юҡ)">Географгиз</a>, 1959. — 112, [8] с. — (Путешествия. Приключения. Фантастика). — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">100 000 экз.</span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навигационный шаблон" data-name="External links"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Ҡалыпты ҡарау"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span></div>  Һүҙлектәр һәм энциклопедиялар</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigenc.ru/text/2377858">Большая российская</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Гренландия">Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Гренландия">Малый Брокгауза и Ефрона</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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