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conceptualisation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: metaphor conceptualisation"> <meta name="keywords" content="metaphor conceptualisation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="metaphor conceptualisation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 151</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: metaphor conceptualisation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Like Making an Ancient Urn: Metaphor Conceptualization of L2 Writing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhalim%20Muhalim">Muhalim Muhalim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drawing on Lakoff’s theory of metaphor conceptualization, this article explores the conceptualization of language two writing (L2W) of ten students-teachers in Indonesia via metaphors. The ten postgraduate English language teaching students and at the same time (former) English teachers received seven days of intervention in teaching and learning L2. Using introspective log and focus group discussion, the results illuminate us that all participants are unanimous on perceiving L2W as process-oriented rather than product-oriented activity. Specifically, the metaphor conceptualizations exhibit three categories of process-oriented L2W: deliberate process, learning process, and problem-solving process. However, it has to be clarified from the outset that this categorization is not rigid because some of the properties of metaphors might belong to other categories. Results of the study and implications for English language teaching will be further discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20conceptualisation" title="metaphor conceptualisation">metaphor conceptualisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20writing" title=" learning writing"> learning writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20writing" title=" teaching writing"> teaching writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63962/like-making-an-ancient-urn-metaphor-conceptualization-of-l2-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Metaphors Investigation between President Xi Jinping of China and Trump of Us on the Corpus-Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zheng">Jie Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruifeng%20Luo"> Ruifeng Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The United States is the world’s most developed economy with the strongest military power. China is the fastest growing country with growing comprehensive strength and its economic strength is second only to the US. However, the conflict between them is getting serious in recent years. President’s address is the representative of a nation’s ideology. The paper has built up a small sized corpus of President Xi Jinping and Trump’s speech in Davos to investigate their respective use and types of metaphors and calculate the respective percentage of each type of metaphor. The result shows President Xi Jinping employs more metaphors than Trump. The metaphors of Xi includes “building” metaphor, “plant” metaphor, “journey” metaphor, “ship” metaphor, “traffic” metaphor, “nation is a person” metaphor, “show” metaphor, etc while Trump’s comprises “war” metaphor, “building” metaphor, “journey” metaphor, “traffic” metaphor, “tax” metaphor, “book” metaphor, etc. After investigating metaphor use differences, the paper makes an analysis of the underlying ideology between the two nations. China is willing to strengthen ties with all the countries all over the world and has built a platform of development for them and itself to go to the destination of social well being while the US pays much concern to itself, emphasizing its first leading position and is also willing to help its alliances to development. The paper’s comparison of the ideology difference between the two countries will help them get a better understanding and reduce the conflict to some extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%3B%20corpus%3B%20ideology%3B%20conflict" title="metaphor; corpus; ideology; conflict">metaphor; corpus; ideology; conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106973/metaphors-investigation-between-president-xi-jinping-of-china-and-trump-of-us-on-the-corpus-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Metaphor Institutionalization as Phase Transition: Case Studies of Chinese Metaphors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuri%20Tang">Xuri Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting%20Pan"> Ting Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metaphor institutionalization refers to the propagation of a metaphor that leads to its acceptance in speech community as a norm of the language. Such knowledge is important to both theoretical studies of metaphor and practical disciplines such as lexicography and language generation. This paper reports an empirical study of metaphor institutionalization of 14 Chinese metaphors. It first explores the pattern of metaphor institutionalization by fitting the logistic function (or S-shaped curve) to time series data of conventionality of the metaphors that are automatically obtained from a large-scale diachronic Chinese corpus. Then it reports a questionnaire-based survey on the propagation scale of each metaphor, which is measured by the average number of subjects that can easily understand the metaphorical expressions. The study provides two pieces of evidence supporting the hypothesis that metaphor institutionalization is a phrase transition: (1) the pattern of metaphor institutionalization is an S-shaped curve and (2) institutionalized metaphors generally do not propagate to the whole community but remain in equilibrium state. This conclusion helps distinguish metaphor institutionalization from topicalization and other types of semantic change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20institutionalization" title="metaphor institutionalization">metaphor institutionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transition" title=" phase transition"> phase transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation%20scale" title=" propagation scale"> propagation scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=s-shaped%20curve" title=" s-shaped curve"> s-shaped curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88692/metaphor-institutionalization-as-phase-transition-case-studies-of-chinese-metaphors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> The English Translation of Arabic Metaphors in the Holy Qura’n</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hamzah%20Alshehab">Mohammad Hamzah Alshehab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metaphor is a substitute expression in everyday life in languages, thoughts and actions. It has an original value in language use with different conceptual, grammatical and properties. In addition, it is a central concept in literary studies. The present paper aims at investigating metaphor’s types imbedded in some Holy Verses (HV). For achieving the objectives of this paper, two English versions were chosen , the first is the Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qura’n in the English Language by Mohammad AlHilali and Mohammad Khan, and the second version is the English Translation of the Holy Qura’n by Mohammad Ali were used. The researcher selected (20) Holy Verses include metaphors to be analyzed and investigated. Metaphor types were categorized by an assessment of the two translations followed by a discussion between the two versions of translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title="metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%E2%80%99s%20types" title=" metaphor’s types"> metaphor’s types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holy%20Qura%E2%80%99n" title=" Holy Qura’n"> Holy Qura’n</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holy%20Verses" title=" Holy Verses "> Holy Verses </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13557/the-english-translation-of-arabic-metaphors-in-the-holy-quran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Temporal Axis in Japanese: The Paradox of a Metaphorical Orientation in Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Usui">Tomoko Usui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of linguistics, it has been said that concepts associated with space and motion systematically contribute structure to the temporal concept. This is the conceptual metaphor theory. conceptual metaphors typically employ a more abstract concept (time) as their target and a more concrete or physical concept as their source (space). This paper will examine two major temporal conceptual metaphors: Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor and Time-RP Metaphor. Moving time generally receives a front-back orientation, however, Japanese shows a different orientation given to time. By means of Ego perspective, this paper will illustrate the paradox of a metaphorical orientation in time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ego-centered%20Moving%20Time%20Metaphor" title="Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor">Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20saki" title=" Japanese saki"> Japanese saki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20metaphors" title=" temporal metaphors"> temporal metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Time%20RP%20Metaphor" title=" Time RP Metaphor"> Time RP Metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40111/temporal-axis-in-japanese-the-paradox-of-a-metaphorical-orientation-in-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Comparing Russian and American Students’ Metaphorical Competence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20L.%20Mishlanova">Svetlana L. Mishlanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeniia%20V.%20Ermakova"> Evgeniia V. Ermakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariia%20E.%20Timirkina"> Mariia E. Timirkina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is concerned with the study of metaphor production in essays written by Russian and English native speakers in the framework of cognitive metaphor theory. It considers metaphorical competence as individual’s ability to recognize, understand and use metaphors in speech. The work analyzes the influence of visual metaphor on production and density of conventional and novel verbal metaphors. The main methods of research include experiment connected with image interpretation, metaphor identification procedure (MIPVU) and visual conventional metaphors identification procedure proposed by VisMet group. The research findings will be used in the project aimed at comparing metaphorical competence of native and non-native English speakers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title="metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphorical%20competence" title=" metaphorical competence"> metaphorical competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional" title=" conventional"> conventional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel" title=" novel"> novel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68451/comparing-russian-and-american-students-metaphorical-competence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> The Effectiveness of Metaphor Therapy on Depression among Female Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Talebzadeh%20Shoushtari">Marzieh Talebzadeh Shoushtari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Metaphor therapy on depression among female students. The sample included 60 female students with depression symptoms selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups). Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the variables. This was an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design with control group. Eight metaphor therapy sessions were held for the experimental group. A post-test was administered to both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that the Metaphor therapy decreased depression in the experimental group compared to the control group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20therapy" title="metaphor therapy">metaphor therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title=" female"> female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36335/the-effectiveness-of-metaphor-therapy-on-depression-among-female-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Effects of Animal Metaphor on Consumer Response to Product Advertising</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsien%20Huang">Wen-Hsien Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsu-Ting%20Hsu"> Hsu-Ting Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While advertisers often use animal metaphors to promote product performance, representing through the use of a product image together with an animal-like messenger to imply the undesirable health states of not using the product, the effect of such metaphors on persuasion remains unclear. The current research addresses this issue by investigating how consumers perceive and react to animal metaphor advertising in the context of product promotion. Three studies are carried out using field and experimental data. The findings demonstrate that animal metaphor ads are less persuasive than non-metaphor ads and that ads with animal-like messengers (as opposed to human messengers) activate stronger dehumanization perceptions, which in turn lead to lower product choice, product evaluation and purchase intention, regardless of whether the animal metaphors are presented visually in the picture or verbally in the headline. Furthermore, when the metaphorical pairing includes a more disliked animal, consumer reaction was less favorable. The implications of the findings for advertisers considering the use of animalized messengers are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20metaphor" title="animal metaphor">animal metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehumanization" title=" dehumanization"> dehumanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20evaluation" title=" product evaluation"> product evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20communication" title=" health communication"> health communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163849/effects-of-animal-metaphor-on-consumer-response-to-product-advertising" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Ideology-Induced Contexts in the Conceptualization of 'the Islamic State' in Political Cartoons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rim%20Baroudi">Rim Baroudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The notion of the context-induced metaphors refers to the role of different contextual aspects (socio-cultural, linguistic, bodily-physical, and ideological) in affecting metaphor production. This has not been investigated in visual discourse. This paper intends to extend the focus of this research interest to study context-induced metaphors in newspapers’ cartoons. It seeks to account for different contextual variables influencing the production of metaphors in cartoons placing special focus on the ideological variable. The aim is to demonstrate how different contextual aspects are conditioned by the ideological variable. The study applied critical metaphor approach to analyse contextual variables shaping the conceptualization of ‘the Islamic State’ in the cartoons of 3 newspapers (Al-Ryadh newspaper, Tehran Times, and The New York Times). Findings have revealed the decisive role of the ideological context in conditioning and priming the rest of contextual variables in the conceptualisation of ‘the Islamic State’ in political cartoons of the three newspapers. These findings bear special importance to the study of bodily-physical and socio-cultural variables inducing and shaping political cognition in political cartoons in a way consistent with the ideological framework within which newspapers operate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context-induced%20metaphors" title="context-induced metaphors">context-induced metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideological%20context" title=" ideological context"> ideological context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Islamic%20State" title=" the Islamic State"> the Islamic State</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20cartoons" title=" political cartoons"> political cartoons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55476/ideology-induced-contexts-in-the-conceptualization-of-the-islamic-state-in-political-cartoons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> The Role of Metaphor in Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fleura%20Shk%C3%ABmbi">Fleura Shkëmbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valbona%20Treska"> Valbona Treska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In elementary school, we discover that a metaphor is a decorative linguistic device just for poets. But now that we know, it's also a crucial tactic that individuals employ to understand the universe, from fundamental ideas like time and causation to the most pressing societal challenges today. Metaphor is the use of language to refer to something other than what it was originally intended for or what it "literally" means in order to suggest a similarity or establish a connection between the two. People do not identify metaphors as relevant in their decisions, according to a study on metaphor and its effect on decision-making; instead, they refer to more "substantive" (typically numerical) facts as the basis for their problem-solving decision. Every day, metaphors saturate our lives via language, cognition, and action. They argue that our conceptions shape our views and interactions with others and that concepts define our reality. Metaphor is thus a highly helpful tool for both describing our experiences to others and forming notions for ourselves. In therapeutic contexts, their shared goal appears to be twofold. The cognitivist approach to metaphor regards it as one of the fundamental foundations of human communication. The benefits and disadvantages of utilizing the metaphor differ depending on the target domain that the metaphor portrays. The challenge of creating messages and surroundings that affect customers' notions of abstract ideas in a variety of industries, including health, hospitality, romance, and money, has been studied for decades in marketing and consumer psychology. The aim of this study is to examine, through a systematic literature review, the role of the metaphor in communication and in advertising. This study offers a selected analysis of this literature, concentrating on research on customer attitudes and product appraisal. The analysis of the data identifies potential research questions. With theoretical and applied implications for marketing, design, and persuasion, this study sheds light on how, when, and for whom metaphoric communications are powerful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title="metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title=" advertising"> advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognition" title=" cognition"> cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action" title=" action"> action</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156504/the-role-of-metaphor-in-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> The Library as a Metaphor: Perceptions, Evolution, and the Shifting Role in Society Through a Librarian's Lens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihar%20Kanta%20Patra">Nihar Kanta Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtar%20Hussain"> Akhtar Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This comprehensive study, through the perspective of librarians, explores the library as a metaphor and its profound significance in representing knowledge and learning. It delves into how librarians perceive the library as a metaphor and the ways in which it symbolizes the acquisition, preservation, and dissemination of knowledge. The research investigates the most common metaphors used to describe libraries, as witnessed by librarians, and analyzes how these metaphors reflect the evolving role of libraries in society. Furthermore, the study examines how the library metaphor influences the perception of librarians regarding academic libraries as physical places and academic library websites as virtual spaces, exploring their potential for learning and exploration. It investigates the evolving nature of the library as a metaphor over time, as seen by librarians, considering the changing landscape of information and technology. The research explores the ways in which the library metaphor has expanded beyond its traditional representation, encompassing digital resources, online connectivity, and virtual realms, and provides insights into its potential evolution in the future. Drawing on the experiences of librarians in their interactions with library users, the study uncovers any specific cultural or generational differences in how people interpret or relate to the library as a metaphor. It sheds light on the diverse perspectives and interpretations of the metaphor based on cultural backgrounds, educational experiences, and technological familiarity. Lastly, the study investigates the evolving roles of libraries as observed by librarians and explores how these changing roles can influence the metaphors we use to represent them. It examines the dynamic nature of libraries as they adapt to societal needs, technological advancements, and new modes of information dissemination. By analyzing these various dimensions, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the library as a metaphor through the lens of librarians, illuminating its significance, evolution, and its transformative impact on knowledge, learning, and the changing role of libraries in society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library" title="library">library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=librarians" title=" librarians"> librarians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169301/the-library-as-a-metaphor-perceptions-evolution-and-the-shifting-role-in-society-through-a-librarians-lens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> The Application of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to the Treatment of Depression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uma%20Kanth">Uma Kanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Cook"> Amy Cook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) proposes that metaphor is fundamental to human thought. CMT utilizes embodied cognition, in that emotions are conceptualized as effects on the body because of a coupling of one’s bodily experiences and one’s somatosensory system. Time perception is a function of embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor in that one’s experience of time is inextricably dependent on one’s perception of the world around them. A hallmark of depressive disorders is the distortion in one’s perception of time, such as neurological dysfunction and psychomotor retardation, and yet, to the author’s best knowledge, previous studies have not before linked CMT, embodied cognition, and depressive disorders. Therefore, the focus of this paper is the investigation of how the applications of CMT and embodied cognition (especially regarding time perception) have promise in improving current techniques to treat depressive disorders. This paper aimed to extend, through a thorough review of literature, the theoretical basis required to further research into CMT and embodied cognition’s application in treating time distortion related symptoms of depressive disorders. Future research could include the development of brain training technologies that capitalize on the principles of CMT, with the aim of promoting cognitive remediation and cognitive activation to mitigate symptoms of depressive disorder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title=" conceptual metaphor theory"> conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20cognition" title=" embodied cognition"> embodied cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121588/the-application-of-conceptual-metaphor-theory-to-the-treatment-of-depression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> The Image as an Initial Element of the Cognitive Understanding of Words</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pesina">S. Pesina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Solonchak"> T. Solonchak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An analysis of word semantics focusing on the invariance of advanced imagery in several pressing problems. Interest in the language of imagery is caused by the introduction, in the linguistics sphere, of a new paradigm, the center of which is the personality of the speaker (the subject of the language). Particularly noteworthy is the question of the place of the image when discussing the lexical, phraseological values and the relationship of imagery and metaphors. In part, the formation of a metaphor, as an interaction between two intellective entities, occurs at a cognitive level, and it is the category of the image, having cognitive roots, which aides in the correct interpretation of the results of this process on the lexical-semantic level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image" title="image">image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept" title=" concept"> concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creation%20of%20a%20metaphor" title=" creation of a metaphor"> creation of a metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20linguistics" title=" cognitive linguistics"> cognitive linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erased%20image" title=" erased image"> erased image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vivid%20image" title=" vivid image"> vivid image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10617/the-image-as-an-initial-element-of-the-cognitive-understanding-of-words" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Cognitive Translation and Conceptual Wine Tasting Metaphors: A Corpus-Based Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Demaecker">Christine Demaecker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many researchers have underlined the importance of metaphors in specialised language. Their use of specific domains helps us understand the conceptualisations used to communicate new ideas or difficult topics. Within the wide area of specialised discourse, wine tasting is a very specific example because it is almost exclusively metaphoric. Wine tasting metaphors express various conceptualisations. They are not linguistic but rather conceptual, as defined by Lakoff & Johnson. They correspond to the linguistic expression of a mental projection from a well-known or more concrete source domain onto the target domain, which is the taste of wine. But unlike most specialised terminologies, the vocabulary is never clearly defined. When metaphorical terms are listed in dictionaries, their definitions remain vague, unclear, and circular. They cannot be replaced by literal linguistic expressions. This makes it impossible to transfer them into another language with the traditional linguistic translation methods. Qualitative research investigates whether wine tasting metaphors could rather be translated with the cognitive translation process, as well described by Nili Mandelblit (1995). The research is based on a corpus compiled from two high-profile wine guides; the Parker’s Wine Buyer’s Guide and its translation into French and the Guide Hachette des Vins and its translation into English. In this small corpus with a total of 68,826 words, 170 metaphoric expressions have been identified in the original English text and 180 in the original French text. They have been selected with the MIPVU Metaphor Identification Procedure developed at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The selection demonstrates that both languages use the same set of conceptualisations, which are often combined in wine tasting notes, creating conceptual integrations or blends. The comparison of expressions in the source and target texts also demonstrates the use of the cognitive translation approach. In accordance with the principle of relevance, the translation always uses target language conceptualisations, but compared to the original, the highlighting of the projection is often different. Also, when original metaphors are complex with a combination of conceptualisations, at least one element of the original metaphor underlies the target expression. This approach perfectly integrates into Lederer’s interpretative model of translation (2006). In this triangular model, the transfer of conceptualisation could be included at the level of ‘deverbalisation/reverbalisation’, the crucial stage of the model, where the extraction of meaning combines with the encyclopedic background to generate the target text. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20translation" title="cognitive translation">cognitive translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20integration" title=" conceptual integration"> conceptual integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor" title=" conceptual metaphor"> conceptual metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretative%20model%20of%20translation" title=" interpretative model of translation"> interpretative model of translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine%20tasting%20metaphor" title=" wine tasting metaphor"> wine tasting metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152968/cognitive-translation-and-conceptual-wine-tasting-metaphors-a-corpus-based-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Theoretical Reflections on Metaphor and Cohesion and the Coherence of Face-To-Face Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afef%20Badri">Afef Badri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of metaphor in creating the coherence and the cohesion of discourse in online interactive talk has almost received no attention. This paper intends to provide some theoretical reflections on metaphorical coherence as a jointly constructed process that evolves in online, face-to-face interactions. It suggests that the presence of a global conceptual structure in a conversation makes it conceptually cohesive. Yet, coherence remains a process largely determined by other variables (shared goals, communicative intentions, and framework of understanding). Metaphorical coherence created by these variables can be useful in detecting bias in media reporting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coherence" title="coherence">coherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title=" cohesion"> cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face-to-face%20interactions" title=" face-to-face interactions"> face-to-face interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68682/theoretical-reflections-on-metaphor-and-cohesion-and-the-coherence-of-face-to-face-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Deep Learning Based, End-to-End Metaphor Detection in Greek with Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20Perifanos">Konstantinos Perifanos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eirini%20Florou"> Eirini Florou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dionysis%20Goutsos"> Dionysis Goutsos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents and benchmarks a number of end-to-end Deep Learning based models for metaphor detection in Greek. We combine Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks with representation learning to bear on the metaphor detection problem for the Greek language. The models presented achieve exceptional accuracy scores, significantly improving the previous state-of-the-art results, which had already achieved accuracy 0.82. Furthermore, no special preprocessing, feature engineering or linguistic knowledge is used in this work. The methods presented achieve accuracy of 0.92 and F-score 0.92 with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and bidirectional Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs). Comparable results of 0.91 accuracy and 0.91 F-score are also achieved with bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) and Convolutional Recurrent Neural Nets (CRNNs). The models are trained and evaluated only on the basis of training tuples, the related sentences and their labels. The outcome is a state-of-the-art collection of metaphor detection models, trained on limited labelled resources, which can be extended to other languages and similar tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20detection" title="metaphor detection">metaphor detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation%20learning" title=" representation learning"> representation learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embeddings" title=" embeddings"> embeddings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115854/deep-learning-based-end-to-end-metaphor-detection-in-greek-with-recurrent-and-convolutional-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Sociology Curriculum and Capabilities Formation: A Case Study of Two South African Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Manyonga">B. Manyonga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Across the world, higher education (HE) is expanding rapidly and issues of curriculum change have become more contentious and political than ever before. Although research informing curricula review in social sciences and particularly sociology has been conducted, much analysis has been devoted to teaching and transmitting disciplinary knowledge, student identity and epistemology, with little focus on curriculum conceptualisation and capability formation. This paper builds on and contributes to accumulating knowledge in the field of sociology curriculum design in the South African HE context. Drawing from the principles of Capabilities Approach (CA) of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, the paper argues that sociology curriculum conceptualisation may be enriched by capabilities identification for students. Thus, the sociological canon ought to be the vehicle through which student capabilities could be developed. The CA throws a fresh light on how curriculum ought to be designed to offer students real opportunities, expanding choices for individuals to be what they want to be and do. The paper uses a case of two South African universities to present analysis of qualitative data collected from undergraduate sociology lecturers. The major findings of the paper indicate that there is no clear philosophy guiding the conceptualisation of curriculum. The conceptualisation is based on lecturer expertise, carrying out research, response to topical and societal issues. Sociology lecturers highlighted that they do not consult students on what they want to do and to be as a result of studying for a sociology degree. Although lecturers recognise some human development capabilities such as critical thinking, multiple perspectives and problem solving as important for sociology students, there is little evidence to illustrate how these are being cultivated in students. Taken together, the results suggest that sociological canon is being regarded as the starting point for curriculum planning and construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capabilities%20approach" title="capabilities approach">capabilities approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduate%20attributes" title=" graduate attributes"> graduate attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociology%20curriculum" title=" sociology curriculum"> sociology curriculum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47708/sociology-curriculum-and-capabilities-formation-a-case-study-of-two-south-african-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Variations of Metaphors: Wittgenstein's Contribution to Literary Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorit%20Lemberger">Dorit Lemberger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wittgenstein directly used the term "metaphor" only infrequently and with reservations, but his writings include a number of metaphors that have become imprinted in the philosophical memory of Western thought. For example, the ladder in his book Tractatus, or in Philosophical investigations - the ancient city, the beetle in a box, the fly in the fly-bottle, and the duck-rabbit. In light of Wittgenstein's stressing, throughout his investigations, that the only language that exists is ordinary language, and that there is no "second-order" language, the question should be asked: How do these metaphors function, specifically, and in general, how are we to relate to language use that exceeds the normal? Wittgenstein did not disregard such phenomena, but he proposed viewing them in a different way, that would enable understanding them as uses in ordinary language, without necessarily exceeding such language. Two important terms that he coined in this context are "secondary sense" and "experience of meaning". Each denotes language use as reflective of a subjective element characteristic of the speaker, such as intent, experience, or emphasis of a certain aspect. More recent Wittgenstein scholars added the term "quasi-metaphor", that refers to his discussion of the possibility of aesthetic judgment. This paper will examine how, according to Wittgenstein, these terms function without exceeding ordinary language, and will illustrate how they can be applied, in an analysis of the poem "Butterfly" by Nelly Sachs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title="metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-metaphor" title=" quasi-metaphor"> quasi-metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20sense" title=" secondary sense"> secondary sense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience%20of%20meaning" title=" experience of meaning"> experience of meaning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30139/variations-of-metaphors-wittgensteins-contribution-to-literary-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Shaking the Iceberg: Metaphoric Shifting and Loss in the German Translations of 'The Sun Also Rises' </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Dick">Christopher Dick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While the translation of 'literal language' poses numerous challenges for the translator, the translation of 'figurative language' creates even more complicated issues. It has been only in the last several decades that scholars have attempted to propose theories of figurative language translation, including metaphor translation. Even less work has applied these theories to metaphoric translation in literary texts. And almost no work has linked an analysis of metaphors in translation with the recent scholarship on conceptual metaphors. A study of literature in translation must not only examine the inevitable shifts that occur as specific metaphors move from source language to target language but also analyze the ways in which these shifts impact conceptual metaphors and, ultimately, the text as a whole. Doing so contributes to on-going efforts to bridge the sometimes wide gulf between considerations of content and form in literary studies. This paper attempts to add to the body of scholarly literature on metaphor translation and the function of metaphor in a literary text. Specifically, the study examines the metaphoric expressions in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises. First, the issue of Hemingway and metaphor is addressed. Next, the study examines the specific metaphors in the original novel in English and the German translations, first in Annemarie Horschitz’s 1928 German version and then in the recent Werner Schmitz 2013 translation. Hemingway’s metaphors, far from being random occurrences of figurative language, are linguistic manifestations of deeper conceptual metaphors that are central to an interpretation of the text. By examining the modifications that are made to these original metaphoric expressions as they are translated into German, one can begin to appreciate the shifts involved with metaphor translation. The translation of Hemingway’s metaphors into German represents significant metaphoric loss and shifting that subsequently shakes the important conceptual metaphors in the novel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemingway" title="Hemingway">Hemingway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conceptual%20Metaphor" title=" Conceptual Metaphor"> Conceptual Metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Translation" title=" Translation"> Translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stylistics" title=" Stylistics"> Stylistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60050/shaking-the-iceberg-metaphoric-shifting-and-loss-in-the-german-translations-of-the-sun-also-rises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> A Comparative Study on Multimodal Metaphors in Public Service Advertising of China and Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Lyu">Xing Lyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multimodal metaphor promotes the further development and refinement of multimodal discourse study. Cultural aspects matter a lot not only in creating but also in comprehending multimodal metaphor. By analyzing the target domain and the source domain in 10 public service advertisements of China and Germany about environmental protection, this paper compares the source when the target is alike in each multimodal metaphor in order to seek similarities and differences across cultures. The findings are as follows: first, the multimodal metaphors center around three major topics: the earth crisis, consequences of environmental damage, and appeal for environmental protection; second, the multimodal metaphors mainly grounded in three universal conceptual metaphors which focused on high level is up; earth is mother and all lives are precious. However, there are five Chinese culture-specific multimodal metaphors which are not discovered in Germany ads: east is high leve; a purposeful life is a journey; a nation is a person; good is clean, and water is mother. Since metaphors are excellent instruments on studying ideology, this study can be helpful on intercultural/cross-cultural communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20metaphor" title="multimodal metaphor">multimodal metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20aspects" title=" cultural aspects"> cultural aspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20advertising" title=" public service advertising"> public service advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20communication" title=" cross-cultural communication"> cross-cultural communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112889/a-comparative-study-on-multimodal-metaphors-in-public-service-advertising-of-china-and-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> The Universal Cultural Associations in the Conceptual Metaphors Used in the Headlines of Arab News and Saudi Gazette Newspapers: A Critical Cognitive Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hind%20Hassan%20Arruwaite">Hind Hassan Arruwaite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conceptual metaphor is a cognitive semantic tool that provides access to people's conceptual systems. The correlation in the human conceptual system surpasses limited time and specific cultures. The universal associations provide universal schemas that organize people's conceptualization of the world. The study aims to explore how the cultural associations used in conceptual metaphors create commonalities and harmony between people of the world. In the research methodology, the researcher implemented Critical Metaphor Analysis, Metaphor Candidate Identification and Metaphor Identification Procedure models to deliver qualitative and descriptive findings. The semantic tension was the key criterion in identifying metaphorically used words in the headlines. The research materials are the oil trade conceptual metaphors used in the headlines of Arab News and Saudi Gazette Newspapers. The data will be uploaded to the self-constructed corpus to examine electronic lists for identifying conceptual metaphors. The study investigates the types of conceptual metaphors used in the headlines of the newspapers, the cultural associations identified in the conceptual metaphors, and whether the identified cultural associations in conceptual metaphors create universal conceptual schemas. The study aligned with previous seminal works on conceptual metaphor theory in emphasizing the distinctive power of conceptual metaphors in exposing the cultural associations that unify people's perceptions. The correlation of people conceptualization provides universal schemas that involve elements of human sensorimotor experiences. The study contributes to exposing the shared cultural associations that ensure the commonality of all humankind's thinking mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title="critical discourse analysis">critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20metaphor%20analysis" title=" critical metaphor analysis"> critical metaphor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title=" conceptual metaphor theory"> conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20and%20specific%20metaphors" title=" primary and specific metaphors"> primary and specific metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus-driven%20approach" title=" corpus-driven approach"> corpus-driven approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20associations" title=" universal associations"> universal associations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20schema" title=" image schema"> image schema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensorimotor%20experience" title=" sensorimotor experience"> sensorimotor experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20trade" title=" oil trade"> oil trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143748/the-universal-cultural-associations-in-the-conceptual-metaphors-used-in-the-headlines-of-arab-news-and-saudi-gazette-newspapers-a-critical-cognitive-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Kitchenary Metaphors in Hindi-Urdu: A Cognitive Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bairam%20Khan">Bairam Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premlata%20Vaishnava"> Premlata Vaishnava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ability to conceptualize one entity in terms of another allows us to communicate through metaphors. This central feature of human cognition has evolved with the development of language, and the processing of metaphors is without any conscious appraisal and is quite effortless. South Asians, like other speech communities, have been using the kitchenary [culinary] metaphor in a very simple yet interesting way and are known for bringing into new and unique constellations wherever they are. This composite feature of our language is used to communicate in a precise and compact manner and maneuvers the expression. The present study explores the role of kitchenary metaphors in the making and shaping of idioms by applying Cognitive Metaphor Theories. Drawing on examples from a corpus of adverts, print, and electronic media, the study looks at the metaphorical language used by real people in real situations. The overarching theme throughout the course is that kitchenary metaphors are powerful tools of expression in Hindi-Urdu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20metaphor%20theories" title="cognitive metaphor theories">cognitive metaphor theories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kitchenary%20metaphors" title=" kitchenary metaphors"> kitchenary metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hindi-urdu%20print" title=" hindi-urdu print"> hindi-urdu print</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20electronic%20media" title=" and electronic media"> and electronic media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammatical%20structure%20of%20kitchenary%20metaphors%20of%20hindi-urdu" title=" grammatical structure of kitchenary metaphors of hindi-urdu"> grammatical structure of kitchenary metaphors of hindi-urdu</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153455/kitchenary-metaphors-in-hindi-urdu-a-cognitive-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Kitchenary Metaphors In Hindi-urdu: A Cognitive Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bairam%20Khan">Bairam Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premlata%20Vaishnava"> Premlata Vaishnava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ability to conceptualize one entity in terms of another allows us to communicate through metaphors. This central feature of human cognition has evolved with the development of language, and the processing of metaphors is without any conscious appraisal and is quite effortless. South Asians, like other speech communities, have been using the kitchenary [culinary] metaphor in a very simple yet interesting way and are known for bringing into new and unique constellations wherever they are. This composite feature of our language is used to communicate in a precise and compact manner and maneuvers the expression. The present study explores the role of kitchenary metaphors in the making and shaping of idioms by applying Cognitive Metaphor Theories. Drawing on examples from a corpus of adverts, print, and electronic media, the study looks at the metaphorical language used by real people in real situations. The overarching theme throughout the course is that kitchenary metaphors are powerful tools of expression in Hindi-Urdu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20metaphor%20theory" title="cognitive metaphor theory">cognitive metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20domain" title=" source domain"> source domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20domain" title=" target domain"> target domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signifier-%20signified" title=" signifier- signified"> signifier- signified</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kitchenary" title=" kitchenary"> kitchenary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnocultural%20elements%20of%20south%20asia%20and%20hindi-%20urdu%20language" title=" ethnocultural elements of south asia and hindi- urdu language"> ethnocultural elements of south asia and hindi- urdu language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159664/kitchenary-metaphors-in-hindi-urdu-a-cognitive-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> University Level Spanish Heritage Language Students' Use of Metaphor in Writing: Exploring Auto-Biographical Linguistic Narratives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorraine%20Ramos">Lorraine Ramos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The question of heritage language learners in foreign language classrooms has been widely debated in second language education, especially with Spanish in a U.S. Instructors of Spanish as a foreign language have brought pedagogical focus to Spanish heritage language students in order to retain, develop and maintain their first language. This paper proposes a thorough examination of the use of conceptual metaphors within autobiographical linguistic narratives as a key indicator of the writing development of advanced Spanish-language students. By pairing genre theory from Systemic Functional Linguistics with metaphor theory, this paper will examine the metaphors used by 3rd and 4th year university Spanish students within the narrative genre from a corpus of 16, 091 words. The investigation has found that heritage language students use a variety of bicultural metaphors, transferred from both languages to conceptualize their linguistic development, in addition to using metaphor in specific narrative stages as a literary strategy. Since it has been found that the metaphors used were transcultural, the use of conceptual metaphors in heritage language learners can be further examined to help these students achieve their linguistic and academic goals in the Spanish by transferring from their knowledge in English. In conclusion, by closely examining the function of student discourse through their multicultural metaphoric competence, this study provides important insights on how to enable instructors to best further their students’ writing development in the target language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing%20development" title="academic writing development">academic writing development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20language%20learners" title=" heritage language learners"> heritage language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20attitudes%20and%20ideologies" title=" language attitudes and ideologies"> language attitudes and ideologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94067/university-level-spanish-heritage-language-students-use-of-metaphor-in-writing-exploring-auto-biographical-linguistic-narratives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Investigating the Effect of Metaphor Awareness-Raising Approach on the Right-Hemisphere Involvement in Developing Japanese Learners’ Knowledge of Different Degrees of Politeness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Takimoto">Masahiro Takimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study explored how the metaphor awareness-raising approach affects the involvement of the right hemisphere in developing EFL learners’ knowledge regarding the different degrees of politeness embedded within different request expressions. The present study was motivated by theoretical considerations regarding the conceptual projection and the metaphorical idea of politeness is distance, as proposed; this study applied these considerations to develop Japanese learners’ knowledge regarding the different politeness degrees and to explore the connection between the metaphorical concept projection and right-hemisphere dominance. Japanese EFL learners do not know certain language strategies (e.g., English requests can be mitigated with biclausal downgraders, including the if-clause with past-tense modal verbs) and have difficulty adjusting the politeness degrees attached to request expressions according to situations. The present study used a pre/post-test design to reaffirm the efficacy of the cognitive technique and its connection to right-hemisphere involvement by mouth asymmetry technique. Mouth asymmetry measurement has been utilized because speech articulation, normally controlled mainly by one side of the brain, causes muscles on the opposite side of the mouth to move more during speech production. The present research did not administer the delayed post-test because it emphasized determining whether metaphor awareness-raising approaches for developing EFL learners’ pragmatic proficiency entailed right-hemisphere activation. Each test contained an acceptability judgment test (AJT) along with a speaking test in the post-test. The study results show that the metaphor awareness-raising group performed significantly better than the control group with regard to acceptability judgment and speaking tests post-test. These data revealed that the metaphor awareness-raising approach could promote L2 learning because it aided input enhancement and concept projection; through these aspects, the participants were able to comprehend an abstract concept: the degree of politeness in terms of the spatial concept of distance. Accordingly, the proximal-distal metaphor enabled the study participants to connect the newly spatio-visualized concept of distance to the different politeness degrees attached to different request expressions; furthermore, they could recall them with the left side of the mouth being wider than the right. This supported certain findings from previous studies that indicated the possible involvement of the brain's right hemisphere in metaphor processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20awareness-raising" title="metaphor awareness-raising">metaphor awareness-raising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20hemisphere" title=" right hemisphere"> right hemisphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L2%20politeness" title=" L2 politeness"> L2 politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mouth%20asymmetry" title=" mouth asymmetry"> mouth asymmetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150427/investigating-the-effect-of-metaphor-awareness-raising-approach-on-the-right-hemisphere-involvement-in-developing-japanese-learners-knowledge-of-different-degrees-of-politeness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Filmic and Verbal Metafphors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manana%20Rusieshvili">Manana Rusieshvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rusudan%20Dolidze"> Rusudan Dolidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at 1) investigating the ways in which a traditional, monomodal written verbal metaphor can be transposed as a monomodal non-verbal (visual) or multimodal (aural and -visual) filmic metaphor ; 2) exploring similarities and differences in the process of encoding and decoding of monomodal and multimodal metaphors. The empiric data, on which the research is based, embrace three sources: the novel by Harry Gray ‘The Hoods’, the script of the film ‘Once Upon a Time in America’ (English version by David Mills) and the resultant film by Sergio Leone. In order to achieve the above mentioned goals, the research focuses on the following issues: 1) identification of verbal and non-verbal monomodal and multimodal metaphors in the above-mentioned sources and 2) investigation of the ways and modes the specific written monomodal metaphors appearing in the novel and the script are enacted in the film and become visual, aural or visual-aural filmic metaphors ; 3) study of the factors which play an important role in contributing to the encoding and decoding of the filmic metaphor. The collection and analysis of the data were carried out in two stages: firstly, the relevant data, i.e. the monomodal metaphors from the novel, the script and the film were identified and collected. In the second, final stage the metaphors taken from all of the three sources were analysed, compared and two types of phenomena were selected for discussion: (1) the monomodal written metaphors found in the novel and/or in the script which become monomodal visual/aural metaphors in the film; (2) the monomodal written metaphors found in the novel and/or in the script which become multimodal, filmic (visual-aural) metaphors in the film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encoding" title="encoding">encoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoding" title=" decoding"> decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filmic%20metaphor" title=" filmic metaphor"> filmic metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodality" title=" multimodality"> multimodality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24927/filmic-and-verbal-metafphors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Theater Metaphor in Event Quantification: A Corpus Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuo%20Jing-Schmidt">Zhuo Jing-Schmidt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Lang"> Jun Lang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numeral classifiers are common in Asian languages. Research on numeral classifiers primarily focuses on noun classifiers that quantify and individuate nominal referents. There is a scarcity of research on event quantification using verb classifiers. This study aims to understand the semantic and conceptual basis of event quantification in Chinese. From a usage-based Construction Grammar perspective, this study presents a corpus analysis of event quantification in Chinese. Drawing on a large balanced corpus of contemporary Chinese, we analyze 667 NOUN col-lexemes totaling 31136 tokens of a productive numeral classifier construction in Chinese. Using collostructional analysis of the collexemes, the results show that the construction quantifies and classifies dramatic events using a theater-based conceptual metaphor. We argue that the usage patterns reflect the cultural entrenchment of theater as in Chinese conceptualization and the construal of theatricality in linguistic expression. The study has implications for cognitive semantics and construction grammar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20quantification" title="event quantification">event quantification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus" title=" corpus"> corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171981/theater-metaphor-in-event-quantification-a-corpus-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Cognitive Models of Future in Political Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solopova%20Olga">Solopova Olga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper briefly recalls theoretical preconditions for investigating cognitive-discursive models of future in political discourse. The author reviews theories and methods used for strengthening a future focus in this discourse working out two main tools – a model of future and a metaphorical scenario. The paper examines the implications of metaphorical analogies for modeling future in mass media. It argues that metaphor is not merely a rhetorical ornament in the political discourse of media regulation but a conceptual model that legislates and regulates our understanding of future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20approach" title="cognitive approach">cognitive approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20research" title=" future research"> future research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario" title=" scenario"> scenario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3554/cognitive-models-of-future-in-political-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> The Construction of the Bridge between Mrs Dalloway and to the Lighthouse: The Combination of Codes and Metaphors in the Structuring of the Plot in the Work of Virginia Woolf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Rosa%20Mucci">María Rosa Mucci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tzvetan Todorov (1971) designs a model of narrative transformation where the plot is constituted by difference and resemblance. This binary opposition is a synthesis of a central figure within narrative discourse: metaphor. Narrative operates as a metaphor since it combines different actions through similarities within a common plot. However, it sounds paradoxical that metonymy and not metaphor should be the key figure within the narrative. It is a metonymy that keeps the movement of actions within the story through syntagmatic relations. By the same token, this articulation of verbs makes it possible for the reader to engage in a dynamic interaction with the text, responding to the plot and mediating meanings with the contradictory external world. As Roland Barthes (1957) points out, there are two codes that are irreversible within the process: the codes of actions and the codes of enigmas. Virginia Woolf constructs her plots through a process of symbolism; a scene is always enduring, not only because it stands for something else but also because it connotes it. The reader is forced to elaborate the meaning at a mythological level beyond the lines. In this research, we follow a qualitative content analysis to code language through the proairetic (actions) and hermeneutic (enigmas) codes in terms of Barthes. There are two novels in particular that engage the reader in this process of construction: Mrs Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1927). The bridge from the first to the second brings memories of childhood, allowing for the discovery of these enigmas hidden between the lines. What survives? Who survives? It is the reader's task to unravel these codes and rethink this dialogue between plot and reader to contribute to the predominance of texts and the textuality of narratives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metonymy" title="metonymy">metonymy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code" title=" code"> code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myth" title=" myth"> myth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textuality" title=" textuality"> textuality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182860/the-construction-of-the-bridge-between-mrs-dalloway-and-to-the-lighthouse-the-combination-of-codes-and-metaphors-in-the-structuring-of-the-plot-in-the-work-of-virginia-woolf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Lithuanian Sign Language Literature: Metaphors at the Phonological Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An%C5%BEelika%20Teres%C4%97">Anželika Teresė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to solve issues in sign language linguistics, address matters pertaining to maintaining high quality of sign language (SL) translation, contribute to dispelling misconceptions about SL and deaf people, and raise awareness and understanding of the deaf community heritage, this presentation discusses literature in Lithuanian Sign Language (LSL) and inherent metaphors that are created by using the phonological parameter –handshape, location, movement, palm orientation and nonmanual features. The study covered in this presentation is twofold, involving both the micro-level analysis of metaphors in terms of phonological parameters as a sub-lexical feature and the macro-level analysis of the poetic context. Cognitive theories underlie research of metaphors in sign language literature in a range of SL. The study follows this practice. The presentation covers the qualitative analysis of 34 pieces of LSL literature. The analysis employs ELAN software widely used in SL research. The target is to examine how specific types of each phonological parameter are used for the creation of metaphors in LSL literature and what metaphors are created. The results of the study show that LSL literature employs a range of metaphors created by using classifier signs and by modifying the established signs. The study also reveals that LSL literature tends to create reference metaphors indicating status and power. As the study shows, LSL poets metaphorically encode status by encoding another meaning in the same sign, which results in creating double metaphors. The metaphor of identity has been determined. Notably, the poetic context has revealed that the latter metaphor can also be identified as a metaphor for life. The study goes on to note that deaf poets create metaphors related to the importance of various phenomena significance of the lyrical subject. Notably, the study has allowed detecting locations, nonmanual features and etc., never mentioned in previous SL research as used for the creation of metaphors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lithuanian%20sign%20language" title="Lithuanian sign language">Lithuanian sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sign%20language%20literature" title=" sign language literature"> sign language literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sign%20language%20metaphor" title=" sign language metaphor"> sign language metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20at%20the%20phonological%20level" title=" metaphor at the phonological level"> metaphor at the phonological level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20linguistics" title=" cognitive linguistics"> cognitive linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147518/lithuanian-sign-language-literature-metaphors-at-the-phonological-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20conceptualisation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20conceptualisation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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