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href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-flöde" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Japanska rootpage-Japanska skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Huvudmeny" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail 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accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Japanska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Japanska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Japanska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Japanska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Skriftspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skriftspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Skriftspråk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Skriftspråk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Skriftspråk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Skriftspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Katakana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katakana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Katakana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katakana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiragana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiragana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Hiragana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiragana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rōmaji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rōmaji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rōmaji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rōmaji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stöd_i_datorer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stöd_i_datorer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Stöd i datorer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stöd_i_datorer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uttal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uttal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Uttal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uttal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokaler_och_konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler_och_konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vokaler och konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler_och_konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dialekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammatik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Grammatik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uppbyggnad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uppbyggnad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Uppbyggnad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uppbyggnad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utelämnande_av_subjekt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utelämnande_av_subjekt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Utelämnande av subjekt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utelämnande_av_subjekt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partiklar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partiklar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Partiklar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partiklar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanska_lånord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanska_lånord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Japanska lånord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanska_lånord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Släktskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Släktskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Släktskap</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Släktskap-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Släktskap</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Släktskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allmänt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allmänt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Allmänt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allmänt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principer_vid_kategorisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principer_vid_kategorisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Principer vid kategorisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principer_vid_kategorisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källhänvisningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källhänvisningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Källhänvisningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källhänvisningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 229 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-229" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">229 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Jeupang" title="Bahsa Jeupang – acehnesiska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Jeupang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Японыбзэ – kabardinska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Японыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japannees" title="Japannees – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Japannees" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Sprache" title="Japanische Sprache – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Japanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ጃፓንኛ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃፓንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapanisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Iapanisc sprǣc – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iapanisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аиапон бызшәа – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аиапон бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اليابانية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اليابانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chapon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma chaponés – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma chaponés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܝܦܢܝܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܝܦܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ճափոներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճափոներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%AAs" title="Japonês – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Japonês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাপানী ভাষা – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাপানী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Xaponés – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xaponés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%B5%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Hapõñe’ẽ – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hapõñe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_dili" title="Yapon dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yapon dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ژاپون دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاپون دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাপানি ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Japang" title="Basa Japang – banjariska" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Japang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn-g%C3%AD" title="Ji̍t-pún-gí – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-pún-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Япон теле – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япон теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японская мова – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Японская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японская мова – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Японская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Hapones" title="Tataramon na Hapones – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Hapones" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Японски език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Японски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Sproch" title="Japanische Sproch – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Japanische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་ཧོང་སྐད། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་ཧོང་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_jezik" title="Japanski jezik – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Japanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaneg" title="Japaneg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Japaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Япон хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Япон хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%A8s" title="Japonès – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Japonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Япон чĕлхи – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Япон чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinapones" title="Hinapones – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hinapones" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C5%A1tina" title="Japonština – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Japonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chijapani" title="Chijapani – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chijapani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaneg" title="Japaneg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Japaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk_(sprog)" title="Japansk (sprog) – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جاپونية – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جاپونية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1nagiella" title="Japánagiella – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Japánagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Sprache" title="Japanische Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="ޖަޕާނީ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަޕާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japa%C5%84%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Japańšćina – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Japańšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapani_keel" title="Jaapani keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaapani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνική γλώσσα – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιαπωνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Japanese language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Япононь кель – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Япононь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_japon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma japonés – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma japonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japana_lingvo" title="Japana lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Japana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_japonesa" title="Lengua japonesa – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua japonesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoniera" title="Japoniera – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japoniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان ژاپنی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ژاپنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_bhasa" title="Japanese bhasa – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Japanese bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Japanskt mál – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Japanskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonais" title="Japonais – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Japonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japansk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeap%C3%A1inis" title="An tSeapáinis – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeapáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapaanish" title="Shapaanish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shapaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_dili" title="Yapon dili – gagauziska" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yapon dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapanais" title="Iapanais – skotsk gaeliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iapanais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gaeliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa" title="Lingua xaponesa – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua xaponesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Японий мотт – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Японий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日语" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngi̍t-pún-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi̍t-pún-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Нипонмудн келн – kalmuckiska" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Нипонмудн келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4" title="일본어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Japan" title="Harshen Japan – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Japan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_I%C4%81pana" title="ʻŌlelo Iāpana – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Iāpana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ճապոներեն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճապոներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Japanšćina – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_jezik" title="Japanski jezik – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoniana_linguo" title="Japoniana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Japoniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Hapon" title="Pagsasao a Hapon – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Hapon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jepang" title="Bahasa Jepang – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_japonese" title="Lingua japonese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua japonese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Япойнаг æвзаг – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Япойнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJapani" title="IsiJapani – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiJapani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua giapponese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יפנית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יפנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C9%94%C5%8B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Sapɔŋ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sapɔŋ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Hapones" title="Amanung Hapones – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Hapones" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იაპონური ენა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A0_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپأنؠ زبان – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاپأنؠ زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Жапон тілі – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапон тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonek" title="Nihonek – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nihonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyapani" title="Ikiyapani – kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikiyapani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijapani" title="Kijapani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijapani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Япон кыв – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Япон кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_japon%C3%A8" title="Lang japonè – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang japonè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%A8" title="Japonè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Japonè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_japon%C3%AE" title="Zimanê japonî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê japonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Жапон тили – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жапон тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_iapanesc" title="Lingaz iapanesc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz iapanesc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_japoneza" title="Lingua japoneza – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua japoneza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Япониянал маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Япониянал маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາຍີ່ປຸ່ນ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Iaponica" title="Lingua Iaponica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Iaponica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Japāņu valoda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanesch" title="Japanesch – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Japanesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Япон чӀал – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Япон чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C5%B3_kalba" title="Japonų kalba – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japonų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans" title="Japans – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Japans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizap%C9%94%CC%81" title="Lizapɔ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lizapɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nion_(lingua)" title="Nion (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nion (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japounien_kieli" title="Japounien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Japounien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ponbau" title="ponbau – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ponbau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_giapponesa" title="Lengua giapponesa – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua giapponesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_nyelv" title="Japán nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јапонски јазик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јапонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_jap%C3%B4ney" title="Fiteny japôney – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny japôney" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജാപ്പനീസ് ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാപ്പനീസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Hapani" title="Reo Hapani – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Hapani" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जपानी भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जपानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იაპონური ნინა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაპონური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه يابانى – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه يابانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="جاپونی زوون – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاپونی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jepun" title="Bahasa Jepun – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Japang" title="Bahaso Japang – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Japang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-bu%C5%8Dng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_japonesa" title="Lhéngua japonesa – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua japonesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Япононь кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Япононь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Япон хэл – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Япон хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျပန်ဘာသာစကား – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans" title="Japans – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans" title="Japans – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Japans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="日本語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ипнойн мотт – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ипнойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoonsk_spriak" title="Japoonsk spriak – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Japoonsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%A9s" title="Japonés – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Japonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Япон йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Япон йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଜାପାନୀ ଭାଷା – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାପାନୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_tili" title="Yapon tili – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yapon tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਪਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਪਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowal_no_dipong" title="Sowal no dipong – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Sowal no dipong" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جاپانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاپانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapones_(idioma)" title="Hapones (idioma) – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hapones (idioma)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جاپاني ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاپاني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaniiz_languij" title="Japaniiz languij – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Japaniiz languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ភាសាជប៉ុន – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាជប៉ុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japono%C3%A9s" title="Japonoés – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Japonoés" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_giapon%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga giaponèisa – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga giaponèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokples_Siapan" title="Tokples Siapan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokples Siapan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaansche_Spraak" title="Japaansche Spraak – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Japaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_japo%C5%84ski" title="Język japoński – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język japoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_japonesa" title="Língua japonesa – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua japonesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_tili" title="Yapon tili – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yapon tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon_tili" title="Japon tili – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Japon tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_T%C4%81p%C5%8Dn%C4%93" title="Reo Tāpōnē – tahitiska" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Tāpōnē" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_japonez%C4%83" title="Limba japoneză – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba japoneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun_simi" title="Nihun simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihun simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Японьскый язык – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Японьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Японский язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Японский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Дьоппуон тыла – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоппуон тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Iapani" title="Faʻa Iapani – samoanska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Iapani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_giaponesa" title="Limba giaponesa – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba giaponesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_leid" title="Japanese leid – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Japanese leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Tanah_Tunux" title="Kari Tanah Tunux – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Tanah Tunux" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejapane" title="Sejapane – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sejapane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_japoneze" title="Gjuha japoneze – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha japoneze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_giappunisa" title="Lingua giappunisa – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua giappunisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජපන් භාෂාව – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජපන් භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japanese language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جاپاني ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاپاني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C4%8Dina" title="Japončina – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Japončina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Japonščina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%96%D0%BF%D1%A1%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Ꙗпѡньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – kyrkslaviska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙗпѡньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkslaviska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C5%AF%C5%84sko_godka" title="Japůńsko godka – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Japůńsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ژاپۆنی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ژاپۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јапански језик – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапански језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_jezik" title="Japanski jezik – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Japanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanin_kieli" title="Japanin kieli – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japanin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Hapones" title="Wikang Hapones – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Hapones" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சப்பானிய மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சப்பானிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tajapunit" title="Tutlayt Tajapunit – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tajapunit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajapunit" title="Tajapunit – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tajapunit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_giapponese" title="Lènga giapponese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga giapponese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Япон теле – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Япон теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="జపనీస్ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జపనీస్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาญี่ปุ่น – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони ҷопонӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони ҷопонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93eta%27xa%C3%A9n%C3%A9hetse" title="Óeta'xaénéhetse – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Óeta'xaénéhetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Dapon_dili" title="Ýapon dili – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýapon dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Япон дыл – tuviniska" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Япон дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Япон кыл – udmurtiska" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Япон кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японська мова – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپانی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاپانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ياپون تىلى – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياپون تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Nyiedbonj" title="Vah Nyiedbonj – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Nyiedbonj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_japoneza" title="Łéngua japoneza – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua japoneza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonan_kel%27" title="Japonan kel' – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Japonan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nh%E1%BA%ADt" title="Tiếng Nhật – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nhật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Yapänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yapänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapani_kiil" title="Jaapani kiil – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jaapani kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djapon%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Djaponès (lingaedje) – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djaponès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="日語 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinapon" title="Hinapon – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hinapon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%97%B2%E8%AF%9D" title="日本闲话 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本闲话" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9" title="יאפאניש – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאפאניש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Japan%C3%AD" title="Èdè Japaní – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Japaní" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" title="日文 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonki" title="Japonki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Japonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japuonu_kalba" title="Japuonu kalba – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Japuonu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Jepang" title="Saro Jepang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Jepang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Jipun" title="Boros Jipun – centraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Jipun" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="centraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Jipun" title="Jaku Jipun – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Jipun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jopang" title="Basa Jopang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Jopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoni_zyvon" title="Japoni zyvon – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Japoni zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japanska" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Japanska" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japanska"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japanska"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Japanska" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Japanska" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&oldid=56444508" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Japanska&id=56444508&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJapanska"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJapanska"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Japanska"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Japanska&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1830" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Japansk_parl%C3%B6r" hreflang="sv"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5287" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2009-10)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Japanska" title="Diskussion:Japanska">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Japanska</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;"><span lang="ja">日本語 (nihongo)</span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Antal talare</th><td class="" style="">128 miljoner</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Status</th><td class="" style="">stabil</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Japoniska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Japoniska språk">Japoniska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Japanska</b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></div></div></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Japanska_skriftspr%C3%A5ket" title="Japanska skriftspråket">Japanskt skriftsystem</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Officiell status</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Officiellt språk i</th><td class="" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg/25px-Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg/38px-Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg/50px-Flag_of_Angaur_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Angaur" title="Angaur">Angaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkmyndighet</th><td class="" style="">–</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐1</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ja">ja</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐2</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=216">jpn</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/jpn" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:jpn">jpn</a></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a></th><td class="" style="">JPN</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG/220px-Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG/330px-Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG/440px-Idioma_japon%C3%A9s.PNG 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <div style="text-align:center;">Regioner där japanska talas.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Japanska</b> (<span lang="ja">日本語, nihongo</span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56313004">.mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png")center left no-repeat!important;padding-left:16px!important;padding-right:0!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mhplay.png")center left/13px no-repeat!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .audiolink a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mhplay.png")center left/13px no-repeat!important}}</style><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Ja-nihongo.ogg" class="internal" title="Ja-nihongo.ogg">uttal</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Fil:Ja-nihongo.ogg" title="Fil:Ja-nihongo.ogg">fil</a>)</small></span>) är det officiella <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språket</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Japanska talas av lite över 128,3 miljoner människor och det är världens 13:e mest talade språk.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Språket tillhör den <a href="/wiki/Japoniska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Japoniska språk">japoniska språkfamiljen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Djupare släktskap än så är omtvistat. </p><p>Japanskan är baserad på 50 stavelser samt modifikationer och kombinationer dem emellan. Totalt förekommer 5 <a href="/wiki/Vokalljud" class="mw-redirect" title="Vokalljud">vokalljud</a> och 21 <a href="/wiki/Konsonantljud" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonantljud">konsonantljud</a>. </p><p>Det vanligaste provet i japansk språkförmåga är <a href="/wiki/JLPT" class="mw-redirect" title="JLPT">JLPT</a> (engelska, <i>Japanese Language Proficiency Test</i>). </p><p>Japans grundlag nämner inte japanska som statens officiella språk.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Språket är dock ett officiellt språk i den <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">palauiska</a> delstaten <a href="/wiki/Angaur" title="Angaur">Angaur</a> vid sidan av <a href="/wiki/Palauiska" title="Palauiska">palauiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> enligt delstatens grundlag.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Språket har också cirka 45 000 talare i <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> där det är delstatens tredje mest talade språk (exklusive engelska).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De första japanerna anlände till Hawaii år 1885, och i dagens läge har cirka 14 % av befolkningen i delstaten japanska rötter.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skriftspråk"><span id="Skriftspr.C3.A5k"></span>Skriftspråk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Skriftspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Skriftspråk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Japanskt_ordspr%C3%A5k.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Japanskt_ordspr%C3%A5k.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="562" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption><i>Japanskt<br />ordspråk</i> kol1. ”鏡は姿の良し悪しを見るも心の清く”</figcaption></figure> <p>Japanskan har tre olika skriftspråk med olika användningsområden: <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></i> (tecken med kinesiskt ursprung), <i><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a></i> (stavelseskrift som används främst för inhemska ord) och <i><a href="/wiki/Katakana" class="mw-redirect" title="Katakana">katakana</a></i> (stavelseskrift som används främst för lånord och utländska ord). Därtill används <i><a href="/wiki/Romaji" title="Romaji">rōmaji</a></i> (latinska bokstäver), <a href="/wiki/Arabiska_siffror" title="Arabiska siffror">arabiska siffror</a> (<i>arabia sūji</i>) samt andra internationellt använda <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symboler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanji">Kanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kanji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kanji"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Det första japanska skriftspråket var i princip identiskt med den <a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a> bildskriften, som en följd av en omfattande import av kultur och begrepp från <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>. Det beräknas att hälften av det japanska ordförrådet är baserat på kinesiska ord.<sup id="cite_ref-ne_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De kinesiska tecknen fick i japanskan namnet <i>kanji</i> (’tecken från Kina’). </p><p><i>Kanji</i> är ett skriftspråk av betydelsebärande <a href="/wiki/Kinesiska_tecken" title="Kinesiska tecken">kinesiska tecken</a>. <i>Kanji</i> är ursprungligen inlånade från <a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiskan</a> i olika omgångar och varje <a href="/wiki/Graf_(lingvistik)" title="Graf (lingvistik)">tecken</a> kan därför ha en eller flera betydelser och ofta flera uttal. Japanska och kinesiska är helt olika språk och många tecken har lånats in baserat på uttalet, där betydelserna kan skilja sig helt mellan språken (<i>on’yomi</i>), och andra har lånats in baserat på betydelsen (<i>kun’yomi</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kana">Kana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kana"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)" title="Kana (skriftsystem)">Kana</a></i></dd></dl> <p><i>Hiragana</i> och <i>katakana</i>, som tillsammans kallas <i><a href="/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)" title="Kana (skriftsystem)">kana</a></i>, är fonetisk stavelseskrift, där ett tecken motsvarar en <a href="/wiki/Mora_(spr%C3%A5kvetenskap)" title="Mora (språkvetenskap)">mora</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Katakana">Katakana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Katakana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Katakana"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Katakana</i> används främst för att skriva <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5nord" title="Lånord">lånord</a> som fortfarande uppfattas som utländska. Det används även som ett slags kursivering och för att ersätta vissa kinesiska <i>kanji</i> för ord som ursprungligen lånades in med skriften från Kina och fortfarande kan skrivas med <i>kanji</i>, men som numera anses för avancerade. </p><p>Katakana används också till att skriva namn av olika slag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hiragana">Hiragana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hiragana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hiragana"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hiragana</i> återger grammatiska ändelser och inhemska ord för djur och växter med mera. <i>Hiragana</i> kombineras i skrift med <i>kanji</i>, där blandningens proportioner kan variera, beroende på vem som skriver och vilken typ av text det rör sig om. En <a href="/wiki/Barnbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnbok">barnbok</a> innehåller till exempel övervägande <i>hiragana</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rōmaji"><span id="R.C5.8Dmaji"></span>Rōmaji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rōmaji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rōmaji"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Romaji" title="Romaji">Rōmaji</a></i></dd></dl> <p><i>Rōmaji</i> är det japanska namnet på latinsk skrift. Vid bruk av rōmaji på japanska rör det sig ofta om en <a href="/wiki/Transkription_(spr%C3%A5kvetenskap)" title="Transkription (språkvetenskap)">transkribering</a> av de andra skriftsystemen till det <a href="/wiki/Latinska_alfabetet" title="Latinska alfabetet">latinska alfabetets</a> romerska bokstäver. En japansk text kan i princip i sin helhet skrivas med något av de rōmajisystem som är i bruk. Vissa utländska koncept (tröjstorlekar, AM/PM, romerska siffror) och förkortningar (<a href="/wiki/CD" title="CD">CD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>) skrivs även i Japan med västerländska tecken, liksom en del firmanamn (NTT, NHK). I dessa fall är inte rōmaji en transkribering. Till exempel står TT i NTT för ”Telegraph and Telephone”, som skrevs med rōmaji från början. TV‐reklam heter på japanska <i>CM</i> (uttalas <i>shiem</i>), vilket har sitt ursprung i förkortningen för <i>Commercial Message</i>. </p><p>Rōmaji ska inte förväxlas med Arabia sūji (アラビア数字, <a href="/wiki/Arabiska_siffror" title="Arabiska siffror">arabiska siffror</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stöd_i_datorer"><span id="St.C3.B6d_i_datorer"></span>Stöd i datorer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Stöd i datorer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Stöd i datorer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg/250px-Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg/375px-Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg/500px-Macbook_Pro_keyboard_in_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hiragana på tangenterna på en japansk dator.</figcaption></figure> <p>I datorer brukar man tilldela en <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a>, i princip motsvarande ett tal mellan 0 och 255, till varje tecken när man lagrar text. Japanska har dock så många tecken att det inte räcker, utan flera byte behövs per tecken. Den först använda kodningen, JIS X 0201, använde ändå en byte per tecken, men stödde bara Katakana och engelska. Senare har flera inbördes kompatibla och inkompatibla standarder införts. Den mest använda är <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> som stödjer alla japanska tecken utom vissa ovanliga, men inget mer språk utöver engelska. Under 2000‐talet håller <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, som stödjer alla språk i en enda standard, på att ta över. </p><p>För att mata in kanji på ett tangentbord brukar man få ange uttalet med hjälp av katakana eller hiragana, och så räknar datorn ut vilket tecken som avses (vid tryckning på en särskild kanji‐tangent). Katakana eller hiragana finns direkt på japanska tangentbord, även om man behöver använda särskilda tangenter för att växla mellan katakana, hiragana och rōmaji. </p><p>I japanska <a href="/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon">mobiltelefonmeddelanden</a> sker i regel inmatningen med hjälp av hiragana, varefter man kan modifiera resultatet med extratryckningar.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uttal">Uttal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Uttal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Uttal"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokaler_och_konsonanter">Vokaler och konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vokaler och konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vokaler och konsonanter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I japanskan finns ungefär 46 uttalsstavelser, uppbyggda av 5 vokalljud och 10 konsonanter. </p><p>Stavelserna slutar alltid med vokal, med undantag från ”n”, som utgör en ensam <a href="/wiki/Mora_(spr%C3%A5kvetenskap)" title="Mora (språkvetenskap)">mora</a> i slutet av en stavelse. I det japanska språket staplar man inte konsonantljud efter varandra, vilket leder till att extra vokaler, mestadels u, skjuts in i främmande ordlån. I talspråk försvinner dock ofta u‐ljud som står mellan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonl%C3%B6sa_konsonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonlösa konsonant [inte skriven än]">tonlösa konsonanter</a> (som k, t och s). </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>a</th> <th>i</th> <th>u</th> <th>e</th> <th>o </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>あ</td> <td>い</td> <td>う</td> <td>え</td> <td>お </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>k</b></td> <td>か</td> <td>き</td> <td>く</td> <td>け</td> <td>こ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>s</b></td> <td>さ</td> <td>し<sup>1</sup></td> <td>す</td> <td>せ</td> <td>そ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>t</b></td> <td>た</td> <td>ち<sup>2</sup></td> <td>つ<sup>3</sup></td> <td>て</td> <td>と </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>n</b></td> <td>な</td> <td>に</td> <td>ぬ</td> <td>ね</td> <td>の </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>h</b></td> <td>は</td> <td>ひ</td> <td>ふ<sup>4</sup></td> <td>へ</td> <td>ほ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>m</b></td> <td>ま</td> <td>み</td> <td>む</td> <td>め</td> <td>も </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>y</b></td> <td>や</td> <td>　</td> <td>ゆ</td> <td>　</td> <td>よ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>r</b></td> <td>ら</td> <td>り</td> <td>る</td> <td>れ</td> <td>ろ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>w</b></td> <td>わ</td> <td>ゐ</td> <td></td> <td>ゑ　</td> <td>を </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>N</b></td> <td>ん<sup>5</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>shi, inte si</li> <li><sup>2</sup>chi, inte ti</li> <li><sup>3</sup>tsu, inte tu</li> <li><sup>4</sup>fu, inte hu (f:et i ”fu” uttalas som en enkel utblåsning med användning av läpparna, inte tänderna. Om tänderna används i en utblåsning så bildas det traditionella f‐ljudet, och eventuellt v‐ljudet vilket också är fel uttal för ”fu”.)</li> <li><sup>5</sup>Uttalas som ett vanligt n utan vokal</li></ul> <p><i>Kommentarer:</i> <b>ゐ</b> (wi) och <b>ゑ</b> (we) används sedan <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> normalt inte i modern japanska. Båda förekommer dock i ett fåtal ord och verkar vara på väg tillbaka i skriftspråket då båda har börjat användas i nyare ord; Evangelion‐filmerna skrivs i Japan numera som ヱヴァンゲリヲン (wevan’geriwon),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ölet Yebisu skrivs med ヱ,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och komediduon Yoiko stavar sitt namn med ゐ. </p> <ul><li><b>を</b> används bara som partikel för att t.ex. ange ett verbs direkta objekt och uttalas då som <b>お</b>.</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Uttalsavvikelser:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>は</b> uttalas <i>wa</i> då det används som partikel.</li> <li><b>へ</b> uttalas <i>e</i> då det används som partikel.</li> <li><b>ん</b> uttalas <i>m</i> då det står före m, b och p.</li></ul> <p>Några konsonanter kan modifieras med tecknet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakuten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dakuten [inte skriven än]">dakuten</a></i> eller <i>nigoriten</i> ( ゙, i vardagligt tal ofta <i>tenten</i>), eller <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handakuten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handakuten [inte skriven än]">handakuten</a></i> (゚, i vardagligt tal ofta <i>maru</i>): </p> <ul><li>か ka → が ga</li> <li>た ta → だ da</li> <li>さ sa → ざ za</li> <li>は ha → ば ba</li> <li>は ha → ぱ pa</li></ul> <p>Konsonanterna ändras alltså till sina <a href="/wiki/Tonande_konsonant" title="Tonande konsonant">tonande</a> varianter. Ibland sker detta i sammansättningar och upprepningar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialekter">Dialekter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Dialekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Dialekter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Japanische_Dialekte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Japanische_Dialekte.png/400px-Japanische_Dialekte.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Japanische_Dialekte.png/600px-Japanische_Dialekte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Japanische_Dialekte.png/800px-Japanische_Dialekte.png 2x" data-file-width="3316" data-file-height="2771" /></a><figcaption>Karta (med tysk text) över dialekter i japanskan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japanskan är uppdelad i två huvuddialekter – östjapanska och västjapanska.<sup id="cite_ref-ne_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gränsen mellan de båda går vid/väster om <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>. Östjapanskan är till stor del baserad på <i>Tokyo‐accenten</i>, medan delar av västjapanskan (främst <a href="/wiki/Kansai" title="Kansai">Kansai</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kinki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinki">Kinki</a>‐regionen och ön <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>) är präglad av den annorlunda <i>Keihan‐accenten</i>. </p><p>Dialekterna skiljer sig typiskt åt bland annat gällande böjningsmorfologi, ordförråd och ton. <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Ryūkyū (språk)">Ryūkyū</a>, en grupp dialekter som talas på öar i sydöstra delar av Japan, är så olik standardjapanska att de ur ett lingvistiskt perspektiv numera vanligen klassas som ett eget språk.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talare i denna dialektgrupp har även svårt att förstå talare av andra dialekter i samma grupp. Att Ryukyu‐dialekterna numera klassas som egna språk har lett till att de tillsammans med standardjapanskan anses bilda en egen språkfamilj under namnet ”<a href="/wiki/Japoniska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Japoniska språk">japoniska språk</a>”. </p><p>Området runt <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a> – Kansai eller Kinki – har en dialekt med tydliga olikheter gentemot dialekten i <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. Bland annat använder man i stor utsträckning andra <a href="/wiki/Partikel_(lingvistik)" title="Partikel (lingvistik)">partiklar</a> (fogeord som läggs till orden i en meningsbyggnad).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denna dialekt var länge basen för standardjapanskan,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> på den tid då Japans huvudstad (<a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>) var belägen i området. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Japansk_grammatik" title="Japansk grammatik">Japansk grammatik</a></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uppbyggnad">Uppbyggnad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Uppbyggnad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Uppbyggnad"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanskans ordföljd är ganska fri förutom att predikatet alltid måste komma sist i en sats. Oftast följs ordföljden för <a href="/wiki/Subjekt%E2%80%93objekt%E2%80%93verb-spr%C3%A5k" title="Subjekt–objekt–verb-språk">SOV‐språk</a>, det vill säga ett språk där satser byggs upp efter ordföljden <a href="/wiki/Subjekt_(grammatik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjekt (grammatik)">subjekt</a>–<a href="/wiki/Objekt_(satsdel)" title="Objekt (satsdel)">objekt</a>–<a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> till skillnad från svenska, som följer ordföljden subjekt–verb–objekt. En mening som ”hon köpte bil” blir med japansk ordföljd ”kanojo wa kuruma wo kaimashita” – ”hon (temapartikel) bil (ackusativpartikel) köpte”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utelämnande_av_subjekt"><span id="Utel.C3.A4mnande_av_subjekt"></span>Utelämnande av subjekt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utelämnande av subjekt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utelämnande av subjekt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanskan är ibland fåordig i fråga om vem som gör vad och vad som är vad. Japaner som pratar om ett ämne behöver oftast inte nämna samma sak igen då det är känt hos lyssnaren vad ämnet är. </p> <dl><dt>Fråga</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>何をする？　”<i>Nani wo suru?</i>” ”Vad görs?” (Vi vet inte vem som gör vad, om det inte är uppenbart i sammanhanget, som att säga ”hur är läget?” istället för ”hur är läget med dig?”)</li> <li>ユトは何をする。　”<i>Yuto wa nani wo suru?</i>” ”Vad gör Yuto?” (Här framgår det att Yuto är samtalsämnet)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Svar</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>食べる　”<i>Taberu</i>” ”Äter” (Vi vet inte vem som äter, om det inte är uppenbart i sammanhanget)</li> <li>ユトは食べる　”<i>Yuto wa taberu</i>” ”Yuto äter” (Vi vet vem och vad hon gör)</li></ul> <p>Japanskan har inte, som i de germanska språken, krav på subjekt. Formellt eller opersonligt subjekt som ”det” existerar inte. ”<i>Det</i> regnar” skulle i japanska uttryckas som ”regn faller” (”ame ga furu”). I de fallen då subjektet utelämnas helt avgörs betydelsen av sammanhanget. </p><p>En språkform som används i artigare sammanhang, bland annat inför främlingar, är ”masu‐formen”; detta innebär att en del av ändelsen till ett verb enligt specifika ändelseregler ersätts med ändelsen ~ます. För verben i ovanstående exempelfraser gäller följande former: </p><p>する → します (”shimasu”) </p><p>食べる → 食べます (”tabemasu”) </p><p>降る → 降ります (”furimasu”) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partiklar">Partiklar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Partiklar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Partiklar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Japanskans_partiklar" title="Japanskans partiklar">Japanskans partiklar</a></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Partiklar</b> är i <a href="/wiki/Japansk_grammatik" title="Japansk grammatik">japansk grammatik</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> eller småord som följer på <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">adjektiv</a> eller satser för att markera vilken funktion ett ord har eller för att exempelvis göra <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5st%C3%A5endesats" title="Påståendesats">påståendesatser</a> till <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A5gesats" title="Frågesats">frågesatser</a>. </p><p>I japanskan används partiklar för att tala om den semantiska innebörd det <i>föregående</i> ordet har (subjekt, objekt, tema) eller för riktning och plats, ungefär som svenskans prepositioner. Ibland hoppar talare över partiklar där lyssnaren är medveten om vad samtalsämnet är. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanska_lånord"><span id="Japanska_l.C3.A5nord"></span>Japanska lånord</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Japanska lånord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Japanska lånord"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Några japanska lånord i svenska språket är <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudoku" title="Sudoku">sudoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">futon</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">sushi</a>. </p> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Portugisiska_l%C3%A5nord_i_japanska" title="Portugisiska lånord i japanska">Portugisiska lånord i japanska</a></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Släktskap"><span id="Sl.C3.A4ktskap"></span>Släktskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Släktskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Släktskap"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allmänt"><span id="Allm.C3.A4nt"></span>Allmänt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Allmänt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Allmänt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historiskt sett har japanska ansetts tillhöra en mängd olika språkfamiljer, bland annat <a href="/wiki/Sumeriska" title="Sumeriska">sumeriska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeiska">indoeuropeiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Austroasiatiska språk">austroasiatiska språk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinotibetanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sinotibetanska språk">sinotibetanska språk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austronesiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Austronesiska språk">austronesiska språk</a> och <a href="/wiki/Altaiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Altaiska språk">altaiska språk</a> (huruvida den sistnämnda alls utgör en språkfamilj är omstritt).<sup id="cite_ref-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numera anses det tillhöra den japoniska språkfamiljen som också omfattar ryukyu‐språken, som traditionellt talas på <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu%C3%B6arna" title="Ryukyuöarna">Ryukyuöarna</a>. Till dessa hör bland annat okinawianska och amami. Dessa språk är idag hotade av spridningen av japanska. Idag talar fler dialekten okinawiansk japanska än äkta okinawianska. </p><p>Förr klassificerade man på grund av japansk nationalism alla japoniska språk som dialekter av japanska, och förtryckte minoritetsspråken. Den japanska nationalismen ville se Japan som ett land med ett språk och ett enat folk. Lingvister behandlar ryukyu‐språken som separata språk och sakta börjar politiken ändras i Japan. Nu kan man studera okinawianska på universitet i Okinawa.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andra numera tveksamma hypoteser har länkat japoniska språk till koreanska, eller ännu mer brett till en större altaisk språkfamilj som även i dess mer konservativa och mindre omfattade form (utan japanskan) är högst tvivelaktig <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Koreanska och japanska är båda bland annat <a href="/wiki/Agglutinerande" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglutinerande">agglutinerande</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Syntetiska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syntetiska [inte skriven än]">syntetiska</a>) och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topikprominenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topikprominenta [inte skriven än]">topikprominenta</a> språk, de saknar genus, har rika system för <a href="/wiki/Tilltalsuttryck" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilltalsuttryck">tilltalsuttryck</a> och har samma grundordföljd (<a href="/wiki/Subjekt%E2%80%93objekt%E2%80%93verb-spr%C3%A5k" title="Subjekt–objekt–verb-språk">SOV</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ofta görs just en jämförelse mellan koreanska och japanska för att påvisa eventuellt släktskap. Denna tanke lades fram så tidigt som 1717 av Arai Hakuseki och debatten har pågått sedan dess (Martin, 1966). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principer_vid_kategorisering">Principer vid kategorisering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Principer vid kategorisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Principer vid kategorisering"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det räcker dock inte att enbart fastställa släktskap genom strukturella likheter utan även systematiska överensstämmelser i ordförråden krävs.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid en jämförelse av tyska och engelska, som tillhör samma språkgren (den germanska), kan man se mönster i exempelvis böjningen av verb som visar på ett gemensamt ursprung. Böjningen av många tyska verb, som exempelvis <i>singen</i> (sjunga), <i>sang</i> (sjöng), <i>gesungen</i> (besjungen), har systematiska likheter med engelskans, här <i>sing</i>, <i>sang</i>, <i>sung</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det är viktigt att minnas att likheter mellan språk inte behöver ha med ett gemensamt ursprung att göra. Det kan snarare handla om historisk kontakt språken emellan (exempelvis lånord – japanska består till cirka 50 procent av kinesiska lånord), universella tendenser men också att likheterna uppkommit av ren slump. Exempel på likheter som möjligen är slumpmässiga mellan språk är koreanskans <i>manh‐i</i>, engelskans <i>many</i> och finskans <i>moni</i> som alla har betydelsen <i>många</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källhänvisningar"><span id="K.C3.A4llh.C3.A4nvisningar"></span>Källhänvisningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källhänvisningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källhänvisningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFGhosh">Ghosh, Iman (15 februari 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/">”Ranked: The 100 Most Spoken Languages Around the World”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i><span>Visual Capitalist</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/">https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 juli 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ranked%3A+The+100+Most+Spoken+Languages+Around+the+World&rft.atitle=Visual+Capitalist&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Iman&rft.au=Ghosh%2C+Iman&rft.date=15+februari+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualcapitalist.com%2F100-most-spoken-languages%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nucl1643">”Glottolog 4.4 – Japanese”</a>. <i><span>glottolog.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nucl1643">https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nucl1643</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 juli 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.4+%E2%80%93+Japanese&rft.atitle=glottolog.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fnucl1643&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm">”参議院法制局”</a> (på japanska). <i><span>houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm">https://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 juli 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%82%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%B1%80&rft.atitle=houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhouseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp%2Fcolumn%2Fcolumn068.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jluggage.com/why-japan/official-language-japan-is-not-japanese.html">”The official language of Japan is not Japanese”</a>. <i><span>www.jluggage.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jluggage.com/why-japan/official-language-japan-is-not-japanese.html">https://www.jluggage.com/why-japan/official-language-japan-is-not-japanese.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 juli 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+official+language+of+Japan+is+not+Japanese&rft.atitle=www.jluggage.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jluggage.com%2Fwhy-japan%2Fofficial-language-japan-is-not-japanese.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificdigitallibrary.org/cgi-bin/pdl?e=d-000off-pdl--00-2--0--010-TE--4-------0-1l--10en-50---20-text-Japanese--00-3-1-00bySR-0-0-000utfZz-8-00&d=HASHa4b7077d472c4cdb9c8ddf.10&p=text">”Constitution of the State of Angaur: 9”</a>. <i><span>www.pacificdigitallibrary.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pacificdigitallibrary.org/cgi-bin/pdl?e=d-000off-pdl--00-2--0--010-TE--4-------0-1l--10en-50---20-text-Japanese--00-3-1-00bySR-0-0-000utfZz-8-00&d=HASHa4b7077d472c4cdb9c8ddf.10&p=text">http://www.pacificdigitallibrary.org/cgi-bin/pdl?e=d-000off-pdl--00-2--0--010-TE--4-------0-1l--10en-50---20-text-Japanese--00-3-1-00bySR-0-0-000utfZz-8-00&d=HASHa4b7077d472c4cdb9c8ddf.10&p=text</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 juli 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+State+of+Angaur%3A+9&rft.atitle=www.pacificdigitallibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificdigitallibrary.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpdl%3Fe%3Dd-000off-pdl--00-2--0--010-TE--4-------0-1l--10en-50---20-text-Japanese--00-3-1-00bySR-0-0-000utfZz-8-00%26d%3DHASHa4b7077d472c4cdb9c8ddf.10%26p%3Dtext&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/census/acs/ACS2013/ACS2013_5_Year/Other_Files/Highlights_2009_13_acs_lang_spoke_home_hi.pdf">”HIGHLIGHTS FOR LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME STATE OF HAWAII, 2009 TO 2013”</a> (på engelska) (PDF). Hawaii State Data Center. 2015<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/census/acs/ACS2013/ACS2013_5_Year/Other_Files/Highlights_2009_13_acs_lang_spoke_home_hi.pdf">https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/census/acs/ACS2013/ACS2013_5_Year/Other_Files/Highlights_2009_13_acs_lang_spoke_home_hi.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 1 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=HIGHLIGHTS+FOR+LANGUAGE+SPOKEN+AT+HOME+STATE+OF+HAWAII%2C+2009+TO+2013&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2015&rft.pub=Hawaii+State+Data+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.hawaii.gov%2Fdbedt%2Fcensus%2Facs%2FACS2013%2FACS2013_5_Year%2FOther_Files%2FHighlights_2009_13_acs_lang_spoke_home_hi.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/japanese-immigrants-arrive-hawaii">”Feb 8, 1885 CE: Japanese Immigrants Arrive in Hawaii”</a> (på engelska). National Geographic Society<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/japanese-immigrants-arrive-hawaii">https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/japanese-immigrants-arrive-hawaii</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 1 juli 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Feb+8%2C+1885+CE%3A+Japanese+Immigrants+Arrive+in+Hawaii&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducation.nationalgeographic.org%2Fresource%2Fjapanese-immigrants-arrive-hawaii&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunilla_Lindberg-Wada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunilla Lindberg-Wada [inte skriven än]">Gunilla Lindberg-Wada</a>, Stina Jelbring, <a href="/wiki/Hiroko_Kimura" title="Hiroko Kimura">Hiroko Kimura</a>; <i>Den japanska skriften: teori och praktik</i>, Avdelningen för japanska vid <a href="/wiki/Stockholms_universitet" title="Stockholms universitet">Stockholms universitet</a>, Stockholm (2007). <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91%E2%80%907155%E2%80%90315%E2%80%900" title="Special:Bokkällor/91‐7155‐315‐0">ISBN 91‐7155‐315‐0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ne-9">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ne_9-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ne_9-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/lang/japanska">”japanska”.</a> NE.se. Läst 13 juli 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120934/http://docs.blackberry.com/en/smartphone_users/deliverables/7032/About_typing_in_Japanese_207421_11.jsp">”About typing in Japanese”.</a> Blackberry.com. Läst 13 juli 2014. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evangelion.co.jp/">evangelion.co.jp.</a> Läst 13 juli 2014. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapporobeer.jp/yebisu/secret/">”ヱビス,おいしちの秘密”.</a> Sapporobeer.jp. Läst 13 juli 2014. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(japanska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Goddard, C: ”The Languages of East and Southeast Asia”. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Michiel Kamermans: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nihongoresources.com/language/dialects/kansaiben.html">”Kansaiben (関西弁) and Oosakaben (大阪弁)”.</a> Nihongoresources.com. Läst 13 juli 2014. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/318796/Kinki">”Japanese language”.</a> Britannica.com. Läst 13 juli 2014. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp-16">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp_16-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp_16-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Robbeets, M:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eurasia/newsletter/08.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304211841/http://www.hmn.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eurasia/newsletter/08.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 4 mars 2021 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705132811/http://lingdy.aacore.jp/jp/material/An_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf">””An Introduction to Ryukyuan Languages”, <i>Linguistic Dynamics Science Project, Shimoji, Michinori; Pellard, Thoma 2010”</i></a><i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lingdy.aacore.jp/jp/material/An_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf">originalet</a> den 5 juli 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705132811/http://lingdy.aacore.jp/jp/material/An_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20160705132811/http://lingdy.aacore.jp/jp/material/An_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 26 augusti 2017</span>.</i></cite><i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9DAn+Introduction+to+Ryukyuan+Languages%E2%80%9D%2C+%27%27Linguistic+Dynamics+Science+Project%2C+Shimoji%2C+Michinori%3B+Pellard%2C+Thoma+2010&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160705132811%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Flingdy.aacore.jp%2Fjp%2Fmaterial%2FAn_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630161946/http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op8.html">”Assimilation Policy in Okinawa: Promotion, Resistance, and “Reconstruction” Steve Rabson 1996”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op8.html">originalet</a> den 30 juni 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630161946/http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op8.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20190630161946/http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op8.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 26 augusti 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Assimilation+Policy+in+Okinawa%3A+Promotion%2C+Resistance%2C+and+%E2%80%9CReconstruction%E2%80%9D+Steve+Rabson+1996&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190630161946%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpri.org%2Fpublications%2Foccasionalpapers%2Fop8.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Japanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text">”Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here.” R.M.W. Dixon, The Rise and Fall of Languages (1997, Cambridge), pg. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Andersson, L‐G: ”Språktypologi och språksläktskap.”, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-21">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_21-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_21-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Martin, S E: ”Lexical Evidence Relating Korean to Japanese.”, i Language, 42, 1966</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanska&action=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ja:">upplaga på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Japanska</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r53696904"><div class="infobox" style="align:right; width:293px; padding:0.2em; margins:0em; clear:right;"> <table class="expansion" style="width:293px; background:#f7f8ff; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0em; margins:0em; font-size:83%; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg/50px-Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg/75px-Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg/100px-Japanese_Hiragana_kyokashotai_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span style="line-height:1.6em;"><b>Denna artikel innehåller <a class="mw-selflink selflink">japansk</a> text.</b></span><br />Utan stöd för viss teckenkodning kan <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">frågetecken, boxar eller andra symboler</a> visas i stället för <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)" title="Kana (skriftsystem)">kana</a>. Har du problem med detta bör du <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%85tergivning_av_fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k/Japanska" title="Wikipedia:Återgivning av främmande språk/Japanska">installera stöd för japanska tecken</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Navigation_japanska" title="Mall:Navigation japanska"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Navigation_japanska&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanska</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Språket</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Japansk_grammatik" title="Japansk grammatik">Grammatik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Japanska_hederstitlar" title="Japanska hederstitlar">hederstitlar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_japanska" title="Klassisk japanska">klassisk japanska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Japanskans_partiklar" title="Japanskans partiklar">partiklar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Portugisiska_l%C3%A5nord_i_japanska" title="Portugisiska lånord i japanska">portugisiska lånord</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">wasei-eigo</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="nihongo – japanska"><img alt="nihongo – japanska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg/70px-Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg/105px-Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg/140px-Character_Nyu3_Cler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Japanska_skriftspr%C3%A5ket" title="Japanska skriftspråket">Skriften</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">kyūjitai</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)" title="Kana (skriftsystem)">kana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Romaji" title="Romaji">romaji</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn-systemet" title="Hepburn-systemet">Hepburn-systemet</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunrei-shiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunrei-shiki [inte skriven än]">kunrei-shiki</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon-shiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon-shiki [inte skriven än]">nihon-shiki</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Polivanov-systemet" title="Polivanov-systemet">Polivanov-systemet</a></i> — <i><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(tecken)" title="Ruby (tecken)">furigana</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Radikal_(skrift)" title="Radikal (skrift)">radikal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/British_Association_for_Japanese_Studies" title="British Association for Japanese Studies">British Association for Japanese Studies</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Language_Proficiency_Test" title="Japanese Language Proficiency Test">Japanese Language Proficiency Test</a> — <i><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Japanska_ord_och_uttryck" title="Kategori:Japanska ord och uttryck">ord och uttryck</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85069643">sh85069643</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4114069-2">4114069-2</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Libris_XL" title="Libris XL">Libris XL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/ljx0zm34331cvc3">ljx0zm34331cvc3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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