Byron, George Gordon - Hrvatska enciklopedija

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I. 1788.<br />Umr(la)o: Mesolongi, Grčka, 19. V. 1824.<br /></div> </div> <div class="ilustracije card bg-light"> <figure clas="figure"><a data-lightbox="galerija" data-title="BYRON, George Gordon" href="https://enciklopedija.hr/slike/he/slike/HE2_0362.jpg"><img src="https://enciklopedija.hr/slike/he/slike/HE2_0362.jpg" " class="figure-img img-thumbnail rounded" alt="ilustracija" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption">BYRON, George Gordon<br /></figure> </div> </div> <div class="clanak"> <a name="clanak"></a> <div><p><span style="color: #8b2323"><b>Byron</b></span> <span style="color: #000000">[bại'rən],</span> <span style="color: #8b2323"><b>George Gordon,</b></span> <nac>engleski</nac> <dj>pjesnik</dj> (<mr>London</mr>, <dr>22. I. 1788</dr> – <sm>Mesolongi, Grčka</sm>, <ds>19. V. 1824</ds>). Podrijetlom plemić; član Gornjega doma: odmah zamijećen kao govornik. Premda hrom, zbog privlačne vanj&scaron;tine i nesputane osobnosti bio miljenik dru&scaron;tva. Brak sa sestričnom i brza rastava (1815) uznemirili su englesko plemstvo krutih nazora. Klevete, politički skandali, usto i negativne kritike njegove prve zbirke <djela><span style="color: #000000"><i>Sati dokolice</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>Hours of Idleness,</i></span> 1807)</djela>, na koje je odgovorio žestokom satirom <djela><span style="color: #000000"><i>Engleski bardovi i &scaron;kotski kritičari</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,</i></span> 1809)</djela>, pridonijeli su tomu da domovinu definitivno napusti 1816. Proputovao je Portugal, &Scaron;panjolsku, &Scaron;vicarsku, Italiju, Albaniju, Grčku, Tursku i Bliski istok. Protjeran iz Italije zbog potpomaganja karbonara, prebacio se u Grčku, gdje je podupirao nacionalni oslobodilački pokret i umro među ustanicima. Byron je najistaknutiji engleski romantičar, ujedno i simbol europskog prevratničkog romantizma. Utjecaj njegova pjesni&scaron;tva i života &scaron;irio se Europom kao novi osjećajni odnos prema stvarnosti, a to su pratile i goleme naklade njegovih djela. U svojim pjesmama i dramama Byron idealizira autentičnost primitivnih, ljepotu netaknute prirode, borbu jakog pojedinca za vlastitu samobitnost nasuprot općim težnjama industrijalizacije i komercijalizacije građanskog dru&scaron;tva. Isprva pod utjecajem formalne jasnoće europskoga klasicizma, Byron u svoje pjesni&scaron;tvo sve vi&scaron;e unosi dotad nepoznate elemente izravne strasti, »demonskoga« i sudbonosnoga, kao i melankolični osjećaj »svjetske boli« i poraza u sukobu s objektivnim svijetom. Glavna su mu djela epske pjesme <djela><span style="color: #000000"><i>Hodoča&scaron;će Childea Harolda</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,</i></span> 1812–18), <span style="color: #000000"><i>Đaur</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>The Giaour,</i></span> 1813), <span style="color: #000000"><i>Gusar</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>The Corsair,</i></span> 1814), <span style="color: #000000"><i>Opsada Korinta</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>The Siege of Corinth,</i></span> 1816), <span style="color: #000000"><i>Chillonski uznik</i></span> (<span style="color: #000000"><i>The Prisoner of Chillon,</i></span> 1816)</djela> itd., dok kritika danas najvi&scaron;e cijeni spjev <djela><span style="color: #000000"><i>Don Juan</i></span> (16 pjevanja, 1819–24)</djela>, ponajvi&scaron;e zbog mije&scaron;anja romantične sjete s ironičnim odmakom, duhovito&scaron;ću i britkom satirom. Od drama u stihovima najvažnije su <djela><span style="color: #000000"><i>Manfred</i></span> (1817), <span style="color: #000000"><i>Kain (Cain)</i></span></djela> i <djela><span style="color: #000000"><i>Marino Faliero</i></span> (obje 1821)</djela>. Byron je snažno utjecao na romantičare poput Pu&scaron;kina, Mickiewicza i djelom na Goethea. U Hrvatskoj je F. M. Appendini uspoređivao Gundulića i Byrona, a pisali su o njemu ili ga fragmentarno prevodili A. P. Kazali, D. Demeter, S. Vraz, P. Preradović, I. Trnski, S. Miletić i L. Paljetak.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container citiranje"> Citiranje: <p> Byron, George Gordon. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>, <i>mrežno izdanje.</i> Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2013. – 2024. 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Byron, George Gordon - Hrvatska enciklopedija