CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Marketplace - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"35c9586a-1aee-4746-b11a-1769fa28ec75","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Marketplace","wgTitle":"Marketplace","wgCurRevisionId":1280970520,"wgRevisionId":1280970520,"wgArticleId":9801859,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Indonesian-language text","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles containing French-language text","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from January 2024","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from January 2024","Articles to be expanded from June 2021","All articles to be expanded","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles to be expanded from July 2024","Commons category link is locally defined","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles needing additional references from February 2021","All articles needing additional references","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020","Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page","Articles needing more detailed references","Articles containing Chavacano-language text","Articles containing Turkish-language text","Commons link is locally defined","Articles containing Greek-language text","Articles containing Catalan-language text","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2024","Articles containing Croatian-language text","Articles containing Serbian-language text","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from January 2024","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Retail markets","Bazaars","Street culture"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Marketplace","wgRelevantArticleId":9801859,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Market_(place)","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Marketplace","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q330284","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1642"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1095"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="876"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Marketplace - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketplace"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Marketplace rootpage-Marketplace skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Marketplace" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marketplace" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Marketplace" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marketplace" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>In antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_medieval_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_medieval_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>In medieval Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_medieval_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Asia_Minor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Asia_Minor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>In Asia Minor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Asia_Minor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>In Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>In the Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>In Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In literature and art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Around the world</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Around the world subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Botswana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botswana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Botswana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botswana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Ghana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span>Namibia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.8</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Gambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Gambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.9</span> <span>The Gambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Gambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.10</span> <span>Uganda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1.1.1</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1.3</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1.4</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.1</span> <span>Agra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangalore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangalore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.2</span> <span>Bangalore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangalore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chennai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chennai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.3</span> <span>Chennai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chennai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delhi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delhi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.4</span> <span>Delhi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delhi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.5</span> <span>Goa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Himachal_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.6</span> <span>Himachal Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manipur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manipur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.7</span> <span>Manipur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manipur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mumbai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mumbai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.8</span> <span>Mumbai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mumbai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punjab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.9</span> <span>Punjab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttar_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttar_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2.1.10</span> <span>Uttar Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttar_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cambodia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.1</span> <span>Cambodia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phnom_Penh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phnom_Penh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.1.1</span> <span>Phnom Penh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phnom_Penh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.2</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.3</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.4</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.5</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangkok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangkok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3.5.1</span> <span>Bangkok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangkok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>West Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4.1</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4.2</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4.3</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Northern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.1</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.2</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.3</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1.4</span> <span>Latvia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Eastern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2.1</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2.2</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2.3</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Central Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3.1</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3.2</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3.3</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3.4</span> <span>Slovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>Western Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.2</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background_and_licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.4.1</span> <span>Background and licensing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England's_chartered_markets_and_fairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England's_chartered_markets_and_fairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.4.2</span> <span>England's chartered markets and fairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England's_chartered_markets_and_fairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-County_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#County_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.5</span> <span>County markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-County_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4.5.1</span> <span>London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5</span> <span>Southern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.1</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.2</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_and_historic_Italian_market_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_and_historic_Italian_market_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.2.1</span> <span>Ancient and historic Italian market places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_and_historic_Italian_market_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.3</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Barcelona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barcelona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.3.1</span> <span>Barcelona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barcelona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilbao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilbao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.3.2</span> <span>Bilbao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilbao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madrid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madrid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.3.3</span> <span>Madrid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madrid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valencia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valencia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.3.4</span> <span>Valencia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valencia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5.3.5</span> <span>Seville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeastern_Europe_(Balkans)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeastern_Europe_(Balkans)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.6</span> <span>Southeastern Europe (Balkans)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeastern_Europe_(Balkans)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.6.1</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.6.2</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puerto_Rico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puerto_Rico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.4</span> <span>Puerto Rico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puerto_Rico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_public_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_public_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.5.1</span> <span>List of public markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_public_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists_of_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_of_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.5.2</span> <span>Lists of markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists_of_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Melbourne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melbourne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1.1</span> <span>Melbourne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melbourne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sydney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sydney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1.2</span> <span>Sydney</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sydney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1.3</span> <span>Perth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adelaide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adelaide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1.4</span> <span>Adelaide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adelaide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hobart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hobart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1.5</span> <span>Hobart</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hobart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papua_New_Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papua_New_Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Papua New Guinea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papua_New_Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.2</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.3</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marketplace</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%AB" title="ገበያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ገበያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82" title="سوق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikuwa" title="Rikuwa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rikuwa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peken" title="Peken – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Peken" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saodan" title="Saodan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Saodan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maket" title="Maket – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Maket" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пазар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пазар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercat_(comer%C3%A7)" title="Mercat (comerç) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mercat (comerç)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%B3_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%95)" title="Рынок (суту-илӳ вырăнĕ) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рынок (суту-илӳ вырăнĕ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C5%BEi%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Tržiště – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tržiště" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marked" title="Marked – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marked" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markt" title="Markt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Markt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turg_(kauplemiskoht)" title="Turg (kauplemiskoht) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turg (kauplemiskoht)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado_(establecimiento)" title="Mercado (establecimiento) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mercado (establecimiento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urboplaco" title="Urboplaco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urboplaco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بازار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%C3%A9_(lieu)" title="Marché (lieu) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marché (lieu)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahi" title="Ahi – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Ahi" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_(%EC%9E%A5%EC%86%8C)" title="시장 (장소) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시장 (장소)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasuwa_(wuri)" title="Kasuwa (wuri) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kasuwa (wuri)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C5%BEnica" title="Tržnica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tržnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiendaan" title="Tiendaan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tiendaan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar_tradisional" title="Pasar tradisional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pasar tradisional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercato" title="Mercato – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mercato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_(%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%A8)" title="שוק (מסחר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שוק (מסחר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar" title="Pasar – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pasar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Базар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Базар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soko" title="Soko – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Soko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nundinae" title="Nundinae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nundinae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottermaart" title="Bottermaart – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bottermaart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgus" title="Turgus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turgus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piac_(kereskedelem)" title="Piac (kereskedelem) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Piac (kereskedelem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Трговиште – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трговиште" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar" title="Pasar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B2ng-t%C5%ABng_ch%C3%AA-di%C5%8Dng" title="Diòng-tūng chê-diōng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diòng-tūng chê-diōng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%88%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ဈေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဈေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marktplaats" title="Marktplaats – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marktplaats" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart" title="Mart – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mart" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="市場 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="市場" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="مارکیٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مارکیٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%DA%81%D8%A7%DB%8C)" title="بازار (ځای) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بازار (ځای)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maket" title="Maket – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Maket" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targ" title="Targ – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Targ" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado_(com%C3%A9rcio)" title="Mercado (comércio) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mercado (comércio)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Рынок (место торговли) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рынок (место торговли)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_market" title="Street market – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Street market" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BD_(%D8%AC%DA%B3%DA%BE)" title="مارڪيٽ (جڳھ) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مارڪيٽ (جڳھ)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C5%BEnica" title="Tržnica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tržnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пијаца – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пијаца" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C5%BEnica" title="Tržnica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tržnica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marknadsplats" title="Marknadsplats – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marknadsplats" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="சந்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சந்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="ตลาด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตลาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazar_(al%C4%B1%C5%9Fveri%C5%9F_yeri)" title="Pazar (alışveriş yeri) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pazar (alışveriş yeri)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaswuo" title="Kaswuo – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kaswuo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96)" title="Ринок (місце торгівлі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ринок (місце торгівлі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A3" title="Chợ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chợ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%9F" title="墟 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="墟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%B8%82" title="集市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="集市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raaga" title="Raaga – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Raaga" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥐᥣᥖᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥐᥣᥖᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q330284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marketplace" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Marketplace" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marketplace"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marketplace"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Marketplace" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Marketplace" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&oldid=1280970520" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Marketplace&id=1280970520&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarketplace"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarketplace"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marketplace&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Market_places" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q330284" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_(place)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Market (place)">Market (place)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Space in which a market operates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Marketplace_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Marketplace (disambiguation)">Marketplace (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Public market" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Public_market_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Public market (disambiguation)">Public market (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg/220px-The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg/330px-The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg/440px-The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption><i>The Moorish Bazaar</i> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lord_Weeks" title="Edwin Lord Weeks">Edwin Lord Weeks</a>, 1873.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg/220px-Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg/330px-Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg/440px-Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Group_in_the_Marketplace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>Group in the Marketplace, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, from <i>Harper's Monthly Magazine</i>, Vol. XXII, 1861, p. 176.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg/220px-Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg/330px-Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg/440px-Cast-away_in_Jamaica_-_Spruce-Beer_Sellers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Spruce Beer">Spruce Beer</a> Sellers in Jamaica, from <i>Harper's Monthly Magazine</i>, Vol. XXII, 1861, p. 176.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_Market_Vibes_(Cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture of a traditional market place in Africa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/African_Market_Vibes_%28Cropped%29.png/220px-African_Market_Vibes_%28Cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/African_Market_Vibes_%28Cropped%29.png/330px-African_Market_Vibes_%28Cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/African_Market_Vibes_%28Cropped%29.png/440px-African_Market_Vibes_%28Cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Traditional market place in Africa</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>marketplace</b>, <b>market place</b>, or just <b>market</b>, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a <i><a href="/wiki/Souk" class="mw-redirect" title="Souk">souk</a></i> (from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a></i> (from <a href="/wiki/Farsi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi language">Persian</a>), a fixed <i><a href="/wiki/Mercado_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mercado (disambiguation)">mercado</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>), itinerant <i><a href="/wiki/Tianguis" title="Tianguis">tianguis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>), or <i><a href="/wiki/Palengke" title="Palengke">palengke</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>). Some markets operate daily and are said to be <i>permanent</i> markets while others are held once a week or on less frequent specified days such as festival days and are said to be <i>periodic markets.</i> The form that a market adopts depends on its locality's population, culture, ambient, and geographic conditions. The term <i>market</i> covers many types of trading, such as <a href="/wiki/Market_square" title="Market square">market squares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market_hall" title="Market hall">market halls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_hall" title="Food hall">food halls</a>, and their different varieties. Thus marketplaces can be both outdoors and indoors, and in the modern world, <a href="/wiki/Online_marketplace" title="Online marketplace">online marketplaces</a>. </p><p>Markets have existed for as long as humans have engaged in trade. The earliest bazaars are believed to have originated in Persia, from where they spread to the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Documentary sources suggest that zoning policies confined trading to particular parts of cities from around 3000 BCE, creating the conditions necessary for the emergence of a bazaar. Middle Eastern bazaars were typically long strips with stalls on either side and a covered roof designed to protect traders and purchasers from the fierce sun. In Europe, informal, unregulated markets gradually made way for a system of formal, chartered markets from the 12th century. Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>, increased regulation of marketplace practices, especially weights and measures, gave consumers confidence in the quality of market goods and the fairness of prices. Around the globe, markets have evolved in different ways depending on local ambient conditions, especially weather, tradition, and culture. In the Middle East, markets tend to be covered, to protect traders and shoppers from the sun. In milder climates, markets are often open air. In <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, a system of morning markets trading in fresh produce and night markets trading in non-perishables is common. </p><p>Today, markets can also be accessed electronically or on the internet through <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> or matching platforms. In many countries, <a href="/wiki/Shopping" title="Shopping">shopping</a> at a local market is a standard feature of daily life. Given the market's role in ensuring food supply for a population, markets are often highly regulated by a central authority. In many places, designated marketplaces have become listed sites of historic and architectural significance and represent part of a town's or nation's cultural assets. For these reasons, they are often popular tourist destinations. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>market</i> comes from the Latin <i>mercatus</i> ("market place"). The earliest recorded use of the term <i>market</i> in English is in the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i> of 963, a work that was created during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> (r. 871–899) and subsequently distributed, copied throughout English <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monasteries</a>. The exact phrase was "<span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Ic wille þæt markete beo in þe selue tun</i></span>", meaning "I desire that there be a market in the same town".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Merchant#History" title="Merchant">Merchant § History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retail#History" title="Retail">Retail § History</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_marketing" title="History of marketing">History of marketing</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_prehistory">In prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazar_of_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bazar_of_Athens.jpg/220px-Bazar_of_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bazar_of_Athens.jpg/330px-Bazar_of_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bazar_of_Athens.jpg/440px-Bazar_of_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8749" data-file-height="5719" /></a><figcaption><i>The Bazaar of Athens</i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dodwell" title="Edward Dodwell">Edward Dodwell</a>, 1821</figcaption></figure> <p>Markets have existed since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians have argued that a type of market has existed since humans first began to engage in trade.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Open air and public markets were known in ancient Babylonia, Assyria, <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>,Greece, Egypt, and the Arabian peninsula. However, not all societies developed a system of markets.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> noted that markets did not evolve in ancient Persia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Across the Mediterranean and Aegean, a network of markets emerged from the early Bronze Age. A vast array of goods were traded, including salt, <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a>, dyes, cloth, metals, pots, ceramics, statues, spears, and other implements. Archaeological evidence suggests that Bronze Age traders segmented trade routes according to geographical circuits.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both produce and ideas travelled along these trade routes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Middle East, documentary sources suggest that a form of bazaar first developed around 3000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early bazaars occupied a series of alleys along the length of the city, typically stretching from one city gate to a different gate on the other side of the city. The bazaar at Tabriz, for example, stretches along kilometers of street and is the longest vaulted bazaar in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moosavi argues that the Middle Eastern bazaar evolved in a linear pattern, whereas the market places of the West were more centralised.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek historian Herodotus noted that in Egypt, roles were reversed compared with other cultures, and Egyptian women frequented the market and carried on trade, while the men remained at home weaving cloth.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also described the Babylonian marriage market, an account that inspired <a href="/wiki/The_Babylonian_Marriage_Market" title="The Babylonian Marriage Market">an 1875 painting by Edwin Long</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_antiquity">In antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_(macellum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_%28macellum%29.jpg/250px-Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_%28macellum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_%28macellum%29.jpg/330px-Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_%28macellum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_%28macellum%29.jpg/500px-Leptis_Magna_-_Marktgeb%C3%A4ude_%28macellum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3952" data-file-height="2799" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of the macellum (market-place) at <a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Leptis Magna</a>, Carthage</figcaption></figure> <p>In antiquity, markets were typically situated in the town's centre. The market was surrounded by alleyways inhabited by skilled artisans, such as metal workers, leather workers, and carpenters. These artisans may have sold wares directly from their premises, but also prepared goods for sale on market days.<sup id="cite_ref-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Across <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, market places were to be found in most city states, where they operated within the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a></i></span> (open space).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 550 and 350 BCE, Greek stallholders clustered together according to the type of goods carried – fish-sellers were in one place, clothing in another, and sellers of more expensive goods such as perfumes, bottles, and jars were located in a separate building.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greeks organised trade into separate zones, all located near the city centre and known as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa">stoa</a></i></span>. A freestanding colonnade with a covered walkway, the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">stoa</i></span> was both a place of commerce and a public promenade, situated within or adjacent to the agora.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">agora</i></span> in Athens, officials were employed by the government to oversee weights, measures, and coinage to ensure that the people were not cheated in market place transactions. The rocky and mountainous terrain in Greece made it difficult for producers to transport goods or surpluses to local markets, giving rise to the <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">kapēlos</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a specialised type of retailer who operated as an intermediary purchasing produce from farmers and transporting it over short distances to the city markets.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">ancient Rome</a>, trade took place in the <a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forum</a>. Rome had two forums: the <a href="/wiki/Roman_forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman forum">Forum Romanum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Forum" title="Trajan's Forum">Trajan's Forum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Market" title="Trajan's Market">Trajan's Market</a> at Trajan's forum, built around 100–110 CE, was a vast expanse, comprising multiple buildings with shops on four levels. The Roman forum was arguably the earliest example of a permanent retail shopfront.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In antiquity, exchange involved <a href="/wiki/Direct_selling" title="Direct selling">direct selling</a> via merchants or <a href="/wiki/Peddler" title="Peddler">peddlers</a> and bartering systems were commonplace. In the Roman world, the central market primarily served the local peasantry. Market stall holders were primarily local primary producers who sold small surpluses from their individual farming activities and also artisans who sold leather goods, metalware and pottery. Consumers were made up of several different groups; farmers who purchased minor farm equipment and a few luxuries for their homes and urban dwellers who purchased basic necessities. Major producers such as the great estates were sufficiently attractive for merchants to call directly at their farm gates, obviating the producers' need to attend local markets. The very wealthy landowners managed their own distribution, which may have involved importing and exporting. The nature of export markets in antiquity is well documented in ancient sources and archaeological case studies.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trajan%27s_Market,_Rome,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Trajan%27s_Market%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Trajan%27s_Market%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Trajan%27s_Market%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Trajan%27s_Market%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Trajan%27s_Market%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Trajan%27s_Market%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4612" data-file-height="3062" /></a><figcaption>Trajan's Market, Rome, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>At <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, multiple markets served the population of approximately 12,000. Produce markets were located in the vicinity of the Forum, while livestock markets were situated on the city's perimeter, near the amphitheatre. A long narrow building at the north-west corner of the Forum was some type of market, possibly a cereal market. On the opposite corner stood the <a href="/wiki/Macellum_of_Pompeii" title="Macellum of Pompeii">macellum</a>, thought to have been a meat and fish market. Market stall-holders paid a market tax for the right to trade on market days. Some archaeological evidence suggests that markets and street vendors were controlled by local government. A graffito on the outside of a large shop documents a seven-day cycle of markets: "Saturn's day at Pompeii and Nuceria, Sun's day at Atella and Nola, Moon's day at Cumae", etc. The presence of an official commercial calendar suggests something of the market's importance to community life and trade.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markets were also important centres of social life.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_medieval_Europe">In medieval Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In medieval Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg/220px-Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg/330px-Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg/440px-Joachim_Beuckelaer_-_Country_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11852" data-file-height="8337" /></a><figcaption>Market in early modern times by <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Beuckelaer" title="Joachim Beuckelaer">Joachim Beuckelaer</a>, 1566</figcaption></figure> <p>In early Western Europe, markets developed close to monasteries, castles or royal residences. Priories and aristocratic manorial households created considerable demand for goods and services, both luxuries and necessities, and also afforded some protection to merchants and traders. These centres of trade attracted sellers which would stimulate the growth of the town. The <i><a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></i> of 1086 lists 50 markets in England; however, many historians believe this figure underestimates the actual number of markets in operation at the time. In England, some 2,000 new markets were established between 1200 and 1349.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1516, England had some 2,464 markets and 2,767 fairs, while Wales had 138 markets and 166 fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 12th century, English monarchs awarded a charter to local Lords to create markets and fairs for a town or village. A charter protected the town's trading privileges in return for an annual fee. Once a chartered market was granted for specific market days, a nearby rival market could not open on the same days.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fairs, which were usually held annually, and almost always associated with a religious festival,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> traded in high value goods, while regular weekly or bi-weekly markets primarily traded in fresh produce and necessities.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a fair's primary purpose was trade, it typically included some elements of entertainment, such as dance, music, or tournaments. As the number of markets increased, market towns situated themselves sufficiently far apart so as to avoid competition, but close enough to permit local producers a round trip within one day (about 10 km).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some British <a href="/wiki/Open-air_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-air market">open-air markets</a> have been operating continuously since the 12th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg/250px-Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg/330px-Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg/500px-Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1167" /></a><figcaption><span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Loggia_del_Pesce" title="Loggia del Pesce">Loggia del Pesce</a></span></span>, Florence (formerly part of the <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Mercato_Vecchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza del Mercato Vecchio">Piazza del Mercato Vecchio</a></span></span>, now in the <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Piazza Clompi</span></span>) just prior to its demolition in 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>A pattern of market trading using mobile stalls under covered arcades was probably established in Italy with the open <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggias</a> of <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Loggia_del_Mercato_Nuovo" title="Loggia del Mercato Nuovo">Mercato Nuovo</a></span></span> (1547) designed and constructed by Giovanni Battista del Tasso (and funded by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">Medici family</a>); <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Mercato Vecchio</span></span>, Florence, designed by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> (1567); and <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Loggia del Grano</span></span> (1619) by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Parigi" title="Giulio Parigi">Giulio Parigi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Braudel and Reynold have made a systematic study of European market towns between the thirteenth and fifteenth century. Their investigation shows that in regional districts markets were held once or twice a week while daily markets were common in larger cities. Over time, permanent shops began opening daily and gradually supplanted the periodic markets, while peddlers or itinerant sellers continued to fill in any gaps in distribution. </p><p>During the Middle Ages, the physical market was characterised by transactional exchange. Shops had higher overhead costs, but were able to offer regular trading hours and a relationship with customers and may have offered added value services, such as credit terms to reliable customers. The economy was primarily characterised by local trading in which goods were traded across relatively short distances. </p><p>Beach markets, which were known in north-western Europe, during the Viking period, were primarily associated with the sale of fish.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From around the 11th century, the number and variety of imported goods sold at beach markets began to increase. giving consumers access to a broader range of exotic and luxury goods.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the medieval period, markets became more international. The historian, Braudel, reports that in 1600, grain moved just 5–10 miles; cattle 40–70 miles; wool and wollen cloth 20–40 miles. However, following the European age of discovery, goods were imported from afar – <a href="/wiki/Calico" title="Calico">calico</a> cloth from India, porcelain, silk and tea from China, spices from India and South-East Asia and tobacco, sugar, rum and coffee from the New World.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E,_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg/250px-01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg/330px-01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg/440px-01%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Performance at the fair by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger" title="Pieter Brueghel the Younger">Pieter Brueghel the Younger</a>, late 16th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Across the boroughs of England, a network of chartered markets sprang up between the 12th and 16th centuries, giving consumers reasonable choice in the markets they preferred to patronise.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study on the purchasing habits of the monks and other individuals in medieval England suggests that consumers of the period were relatively discerning. Purchase decisions were based on purchase criteria such as the consumer's perceptions of the range, quality, and price of goods. Such considerations informed decisions about where to make purchases and which markets to patronise.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the number of charters granted increased, competition between market towns also increased. In response to competitive pressures, towns invested in developing a reputation for quality produce, efficient market regulation and good amenities for visitors such as covered accommodation. By the thirteenth century, counties with important textile industries were investing in purpose built halls for the sale of cloth. London's <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Hall" title="Blackwell Hall">Blackwell Hall</a> became a centre for cloth, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> became associated with a particular type of cloth known as <i>Bristol red</i>, <a href="/wiki/Stroud" title="Stroud">Stroud</a> was known for producing fine woollen cloth, the town of <a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">Worsted</a> became synonymous with a type of yarn; <a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> were strongly associated with cheeses.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the market economy, goods are ungraded and unbranded, so that consumers have relatively few opportunities to evaluate quality prior to consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, supervision of weights, measures, food quality, and prices was a key consideration. In medieval society, regulations for such matters appeared initially at the local level. The Charter of Worcester, written between 884 and 901 provided for fines for dishonest trading, amongst other things.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such local regulations were codified in 13th century England in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Winchester" title="Statute of Winchester">Statute of Winchester</a>. This document outlined the <a href="/wiki/Assizes" title="Assizes">assizes</a> for 16 different trades, most of which were associated with markets – miller, baker, fisher, brewer, inn-keeper, tallow-chandler, weaver, cordwainer, etc. For each trade, regulations covered such issues as fraud, prices, quality, weights, and measures and so on. The assize was a formal codification of prior informal codes which had been practised for many years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The article Assizes and common usage are that the word refers to a court. Usage to refer to regulations that the court enforced is not mentioned at that article, nor is it logical given the etymology. The 1275 Statue of Winchester (13th century, not 15th!) does not contain the regulations described here (January 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> The courts of assize were granted the power to enforce these regulations. The process of standardizing quality, prices and measures assisted markets to gain the confidence of buyers and made them more attractive to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sixteenth century commentator, <a href="/wiki/John_Leland_(antiquary)" title="John Leland (antiquary)">John Leland</a>, described particular markets as "celebrate", "very good", "quik", and conversely as "poore", "meane", and "of no price". Over time, some products became associated with particular places, providing customers with valuable information about the types of goods, their quality and their region of origin. In this way, markets helped to provide an early form of product branding.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradually, certain market towns earned a reputation for providing quality produce. Today, traders and showmen jealously guard the reputation of these historic chartered markets. The 18th century commentator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> visited Sturbridge fair in 1723 and wrote a lengthy description which paints a picture of a highly organised, vibrant operation which attracted large number of visitors from some distance away. "As for the people in the fair, they all universally eat, drink and sleep in their booths, and tents; and the said booths are so intermingled with taverns, coffee-houses, drinking-houses, eating-houses, cookshops &c, and all tents too, and so many butchers and higglers from all the neighbouring counties come in to the fair every morning, with beef, mutton, fowls, bread, cheese, eggs, and such things; and go with them from tent to tent and from door to door, that there is no want of provision of any kind, either dress'd or undress'd."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. Seems unlikely Defoe published this by this title, especially in 2016 and as an ebook given he died hundreds of years ago. Publisher and possibly editor(s) needed (January 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Asia_Minor">In Asia Minor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Asia Minor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Bazaar,_Istanbul,_2007_(05).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grand_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul%2C_2007_%2805%29.JPG/220px-Grand_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul%2C_2007_%2805%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grand_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul%2C_2007_%2805%29.JPG/330px-Grand_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul%2C_2007_%2805%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Grand_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul%2C_2007_%2805%29.JPG/440px-Grand_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul%2C_2007_%2805%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Istanbul" title="Grand Bazaar, Istanbul">Grand Bazaar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, one of the oldest continuously operating market buildings in existence; it houses approximately 3600 retail shops</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Asia Minor, prior to the 10th century, market places were situated on the perimeter of the city. Along established trade routes, markets were most often associated with the <a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserai</a> typically situated just outside the city walls. However, when the marketplace began to become integrated into city structures, it was transformed into a covered area where traders could buy and sell with some protection from the elements. Markets at Mecca and Medina were known to be significant trade centres in the 3rd century (CE) and the nomadic communities were highly dependent on them for both trade and social interactions.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Istanbul" title="Grand Bazaar, Istanbul">Grand Bazaar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> is often cited as the world's oldest continuously operating, purpose-built market; its construction began in 1455. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Asia">In Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: markets in other Asian countries besides China. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayonmarket01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bayonmarket01.JPG/220px-Bayonmarket01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bayonmarket01.JPG/330px-Bayonmarket01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bayonmarket01.JPG/440px-Bayonmarket01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bayon" title="Bayon">Bayon</a> temple depicting a 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer</a> marketplace</figcaption></figure> <p>Dating the emergence of marketplaces in China is difficult. According to tradition, the first market was established by the legendary <a href="/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong">Shennong</a> or the "Divine Farmer" who arranged for markets to be held at midday.<sup id="cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other ancient sayings, markets originally developed around wells in the town or village centre.<sup id="cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars, however, question the reliability of traditional narratives unless backed by archaeological evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest written references to markets dates to the time of <a href="/wiki/Duke_Huan_of_Qi" title="Duke Huan of Qi">Qi Huanggong</a> (ruled 685 to 643 BCE). Qi's Prime Minister, the great reformer, <a href="/wiki/Guan_Zhong" title="Guan Zhong">Guan Zhong</a>, divided the capital into 21 districts (<span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">xiang</i></span>) of which three were dedicated to farmers, three to hand-workers and three to businessmen, who were instructed to settle near the markets.<sup id="cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these early markets have been the subject of archaeological surveys. For instance, the market at Yong, the capital of the Qi state, measured 3,000 square metres and was an outdoor market.<sup id="cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i>Rites of Zhou</i>, markets were highly organized and served different groups at different times of day; merchants at the morning market, every day people at the afternoon market and <a href="/wiki/Peddler" title="Peddler">peddlers</a> at the evening market.<sup id="cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marketplace also became the place were executions were carried out, rewards were published and decrees were read out.<sup id="cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Qin empire and the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> which followed it, markets were enclosed with walls and gates and strictly separated from residential areas.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vendors were arranged according to the type of commodity offered,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and markets were strictly regulated with departments responsible for security, weights and measures, price-fixing, and certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, specialised markets began to emerge. In Luoyang, during the Tang Dynasty, a metal market was known. Outside the city walls were sheep and horse markets.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>'s account of 13th century markets specifically mentions a silk market. He was also impressed by the size of markets. According to his account, the ten markets of <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, primarily a fish market, attracted 40,000 to 50,000 patrons on each of its three trading days each week.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In China, negative attitudes towards mercantile activity developed; merchants were the lowest class of society.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High officials carefully distanced themselves from merchant classes. In 627, an edict prohibited those of rank five or higher from entering markets. One anecdote from the time of <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Empress Wu</a> relates the tale of a fourth rank official who missed out on the opportunity for promotion after he was seen purchasing a steamed pancake from a market.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Middle_East">In the Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In the Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since circa 3000 BCE, <i><a href="/wiki/Bazaars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazaars">bazaars</a></i> have dominated the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> - respectively extending to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Africa">Northern Africa</a> - as regards to numerous areas from retail towards resources, with <a href="/wiki/Trade#Mediterranean_and_Near_East" title="Trade">trade</a> amongst merchants commonplace, likewise with <a href="/wiki/Bartering" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartering">bartering</a> amongst participants. They are often described as economic and cultural hubs within cities across the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a>, and are generally the most bustling areas within urban localities. Given such dense activity, <i>bazaars</i> became an attraction for foreigners in exchanging resources, such as <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">labour</a>, et cetera, drawing the attention of Arabs, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire#Economy" title="Ottoman Empire">Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Economy" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire#Transportation_and_communication" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a>, not to mention <a href="/wiki/Westerners" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerners">Westerners</a> since the late-16th to early-17th centuries. In the modern era, <i>bazaars</i> remain a vital economic hub in numerous Arab nations.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Mesoamerica">In Mesoamerica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg/220px-Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg/330px-Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg/440px-Rekonstruktion_Aztekenmarkt_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A model of an <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tianguis" title="Tianguis">tianguis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Anthropology_(Mexico)" title="National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico)">National Museum of Anthropology</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Mesoamerica, a tiered system of traders developed independently. Extensive trade networks predated the Aztec empire by at least hundreds of years.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local markets where people purchased their daily necessities were known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tianguis" title="Tianguis">tianguis</a></i>, while a <i><a href="/wiki/Pochteca" title="Pochteca">pochteca</a></i> was a professional merchant who travelled long distances to obtain rare goods or luxury items desired by the nobility. The system supported various levels of pochteca – from very high status through to minor traders who acted as a type of peddler to fill in gaps in the distribution system.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonial sources also record Mayan market hubs at <a href="/wiki/Acalan" title="Acalan">Acalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champot%C3%B3n,_Campeche" title="Champotón, Campeche">Champotón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chetumal" title="Chetumal">Chetumal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacalar" title="Bacalar">Bacalar</a>, Cachi, Conil, Pole, <a href="/wiki/Cozumel" title="Cozumel">Cozumel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochuah" title="Cochuah">Cochuah</a>, Chauaca, <a href="/wiki/Chichen_Itza" title="Chichen Itza">Chichén Itzá</a>, as well as markets marking the edges of <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatecan</a> canoe trade such as Xicalanco and <a href="/wiki/Ul%C3%BAa_River" title="Ulúa River">Ulua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish conquerors commented on the impressive nature of the local markets in the 15th century. The <a href="/wiki/Mexica" title="Mexica">Mexica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>) market of <a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_(altepetl)" title="Tlatelolco (altepetl)">Tlatelolco</a> was the largest in all the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and said to be superior to those in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sortavala_market_place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sortavala_market_place.jpg/220px-Sortavala_market_place.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sortavala_market_place.jpg/330px-Sortavala_market_place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sortavala_market_place.jpg/440px-Sortavala_market_place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>A market place in <a href="/wiki/Sortavala" title="Sortavala">Sortavala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Karelia" title="Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are many different ways to classify markets. One way is to consider the nature of the buyer and the market's place within the distribution system. This leads to two broad classes of market, namely <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> market or <a href="/wiki/Wholesale_marketing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholesale marketing">wholesale markets</a>. The economist, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a> classified markets according to time period. In this classification, there are three types of market; <i>the very short period market</i> where the supply of a commodity remains fixed. Perishables, such as fruit, vegetables, meat, and fish fall into this group since goods must be sold within a few days and the quantity supplied is relatively inelastic. The second group is the <i>short period market</i> where the time in which the quantity supplied can be increased by improving the scale of production (adding labor and other inputs but not by adding capital). Many non-perishable goods fall into this category. The third category is <i>the long-period market</i> where the length of time can be improved by capital investment.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other ways to classify markets include its trading area (local, national or international); its physical format or its produce. </p><p>Major physical formats of markets are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a>: typically a covered market in the Middle East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_boot_sale" title="Car boot sale">Car boot sale</a>: a type of market where people come together to trade household and garden goods; very popular in the United Kingdom</li> <li>Dry market: a market selling durable goods such as fabric and electronics, as distinguished from "wet markets"<sup id="cite_ref-wm_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wm-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OED_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brown_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg/220px-Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg/330px-Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg/440px-Ice_Cream_Phnom_Penh_night_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>A night market in the Cambodian capital</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a>: an online marketplace for consumer products which can be sold anywhere in the world</li> <li>Indoor market of any sort</li> <li>Marketplace: an open space where a market is or was formerly held in a town<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_square" title="Market square">Market square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>: open area usually in town centre with stalls selling goods in a public square</li> <li>Public market in the United States: an indoor, fixed market in a building and selling a variety of goods</li> <li>Street market: a public street with stalls along one or more sides of the street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_market" title="Floating market">Floating market</a>: where goods are sold from boats, chiefly found in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_market" title="Night market">Night market</a>: Popular in many countries in Asia, opening at night and featuring much <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> and a more leisurely shopping experience. In Indonesia and Malaysia they are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Pasar_malam" title="Pasar malam">pasar malam</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">Wet market</a> (also known as a public market): a market selling fresh meat, fish, produce, and other perishable goods as distinguished from "dry markets"<sup id="cite_ref-wm_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wm-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OED_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brown_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Markets may feature a range of merchandise for sale, or they may be one of many specialist markets, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a> markets (i.e. livestock markets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">Antique</a> markets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">Farmers' markets</a>, focusing on fresh produce and gourmet food lines (preserves, chutneys, relishes, cheeses etc.) prepared from farm produce<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Fish markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flea_market" title="Flea market">Flea markets</a> or swap meets, a type of <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a> that rents space to people who want to sell or <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">barter</a> merchandise. <a href="/wiki/Used_good" title="Used good">Used goods</a>, low quality items, and high quality items at low prices are commonplace</li> <li>Flower markets, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mercado_Jamaica" title="Mercado Jamaica">Mercado Jamaica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bloemenmarkt" title="Bloemenmarkt">Bloemenmarkt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_hall" title="Food hall">Food halls</a>, featuring gourmet food to consume on- and off-premises,<sup id="cite_ref-ba_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ba-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as those at <a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a> (London) and <a href="/wiki/Galeries_Lafayette" title="Galeries Lafayette">Galeries Lafayette</a> (Paris) department stores. In North America, these may be also referred to simply as "markets" (or "mercados" in Spanish), such as the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Market" title="West Side Market">West Side Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponce_City_Market" title="Ponce City Market">Ponce City Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ba_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ba-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Mercado_Roma" title="Mercado Roma">Mercado Roma</a> in Mexico City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_market" title="Grey market">Grey market</a>: where second hand or recycled goods are sold (sometimes termed a <i>green market</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">Handicraft</a> markets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occult_markets" title="Category:Occult markets">Markets selling items used in the occult</a> (for magic, by witches, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">Supermarkets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarkets</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schaufschod_2009_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Livestock market at Schaufschod, 2009"><img alt="Livestock market at Schaufschod, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Schaufschod_2009_11.JPG/250px-Schaufschod_2009_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Schaufschod_2009_11.JPG/330px-Schaufschod_2009_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2026" data-file-height="1520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Livestock market at Schaufschod, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bazaar: Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Turkey"><img alt="Bazaar: Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg/179px-Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg/268px-Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg/357px-Grand-Bazaar_Shop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Istanbul" title="Grand Bazaar, Istanbul">Grand Bazaar, Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krakow_rynek_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marketplace: Main Market Square, Kraków, Poland: Europe's largest medieval town square"><img alt="Marketplace: Main Market Square, Kraków, Poland: Europe's largest medieval town square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Krakow_rynek_01.jpg/167px-Krakow_rynek_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Krakow_rynek_01.jpg/251px-Krakow_rynek_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Krakow_rynek_01.jpg/335px-Krakow_rynek_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1825" data-file-height="1310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marketplace: <a href="/wiki/Main_Market_Square,_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Market Square, Kraków">Main Market Square, Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: Europe's largest medieval town square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Floating market: Damnoen Saduak floating market in Ratchaburi, Thailand, is a famous tourist attraction."><img alt="Floating market: Damnoen Saduak floating market in Ratchaburi, Thailand, is a famous tourist attraction." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg/81px-Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg/121px-Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg/162px-Damoen_Saduk_Floating_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="1740" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Floating_market" title="Floating market">Floating market</a>: <a href="/wiki/Damnoen_Saduak_floating_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Damnoen Saduak floating market">Damnoen Saduak floating market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ratchaburi" title="Ratchaburi">Ratchaburi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, is a famous tourist attraction.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Night market: Shilin Night Market, Taiwan"><img alt="Night market: Shilin Night Market, Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg/160px-TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg/240px-TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg/320px-TWShiLinNightMarketRichy2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Night_market" title="Night market">Night market</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shilin_Night_Market" title="Shilin Night Market">Shilin Night Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WetmarketHK.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wet market in Hong Kong"><img alt="Wet market in Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WetmarketHK.jpg/160px-WetmarketHK.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WetmarketHK.jpg/240px-WetmarketHK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WetmarketHK.jpg/320px-WetmarketHK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">Wet market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flohmarkt2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Flea market in Germany"><img alt="Flea market in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flohmarkt2.JPG/250px-Flohmarkt2.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flohmarkt2.JPG/330px-Flohmarkt2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flohmarkt2.JPG/500px-Flohmarkt2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flea_market" title="Flea market">Flea market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wet market in Singapore"><img alt="Wet market in Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg/200px-Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg/300px-Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg/400px-Wet_market_in_Singapore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wet market in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_market_Jagalchi_Busan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish market Jagalchi Busan"><img alt="Fish market Jagalchi Busan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Fish_market_Jagalchi_Busan.jpg/250px-Fish_market_Jagalchi_Busan.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Fish_market_Jagalchi_Busan.jpg/330px-Fish_market_Jagalchi_Busan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish market Jagalchi Busan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Crafts Village Market, Mexico"><img alt="Crafts Village Market, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG/180px-ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG/269px-ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG/359px-ShopsCraftVillMet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crafts Village Market, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mallick_Ghat_Flower_Market,_Kolkata_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mallick Ghat Flower Market, Kolkata, India"><img alt="Mallick Ghat Flower Market, Kolkata, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mallick_Ghat_Flower_Market%2C_Kolkata_03.jpg/250px-Mallick_Ghat_Flower_Market%2C_Kolkata_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mallick_Ghat_Flower_Market%2C_Kolkata_03.jpg/330px-Mallick_Ghat_Flower_Market%2C_Kolkata_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4457" data-file-height="3295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mallick Ghat Flower Market, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_(8473364801).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harrods Food Hall, London, England"><img alt="Harrods Food Hall, London, England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_%288473364801%29.jpg/129px-Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_%288473364801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_%288473364801%29.jpg/193px-Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_%288473364801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_%288473364801%29.jpg/258px-Harrods_Food_Department_Halls_%288473364801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harrods Food Hall, London, England</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature_and_art">In literature and art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In literature and art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paintings_of_markets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paintings of markets">Paintings of markets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg/250px-Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg/330px-Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg/500px-Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption>Vegetable seller at the market place by Pieter Aertsen, 1567</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg/250px-Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg/330px-Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg/500px-Jan_van_Horst_-_Market_Scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3163" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>Market scene by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_van_Horst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan van Horst (page does not exist)">Jan van Horst</a> (1569)</figcaption></figure> <p>Markets generally have featured prominently in artworks, especially amongst the Dutch painters of Antwerp from the middle of the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Aertsen" title="Pieter Aertsen">Pieter Aertsen</a> was known as the "great painter of the market". Both he and his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Beuckelaer" title="Joachim Beuckelaer">Joachim Beuckelaer</a>, painted market scenes, street vendors and merchants extensively.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth Honig argues that painters' interest in markets was in part due to the changing nature of the market system at that time. The public began to distinguish between two types of merchant, the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">meerseniers</i></span> which referred to local merchants including bakers, grocers, sellers of dairy products and stall-holders, and the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">koopman</i></span>, which described a new, emergent class of trader who dealt in goods or credit on a large scale. With the rise of a European merchant class, this distinction was necessary to separate the daily trade that the general population understood from the rising ranks of traders who operated on a world stage and were seen as quite distant from everyday experience.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 17th and 18th centuries, as Europeans conquered parts of North Africa and the Levant, European artists began to visit the Orient and painted scenes of everyday life. Europeans sharply divided peoples into two broad groups – the <i>European West</i> and the <i>East or Orient</i>; <i>us</i> and the <i>other</i>. Europeans often saw Orientals as the photographic negative of Western civilisation; the peoples could be threatening – they were "despotic, static and irrational whereas Europe was viewed as democratic, dynamic and rational".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the Orient was seen as exotic, mysterious, a place of fables and beauty. This fascination with the other gave rise to a genre of painting known as <i>Orientalism</i>. Artists focussed on the exotic beauty of the land – the markets and bazaars, caravans and snake charmers. Islamic architecture also became favourite subject matter, and the high vaulted market places features in numerous paintings and sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individual markets have also attracted literary attention. <a href="/wiki/Les_Halles" title="Les Halles">Les Halles</a> was known as the "Belly of Paris", and was so named by author, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> in his novel <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Le_Ventre_de_Paris" title="Le Ventre de Paris">Le Ventre de Paris</a></i></span>, which is set in the busy 19th century marketplace of central Paris. Les Halles, a complex of market pavilions in Paris, features extensively in both literature and painting. <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Canella" title="Giuseppe Canella">Giuseppe Canella</a> (1788 - 1847) painted Les Halles et la rue de la Tonnellerie. Photographer, Henri Lemoine (1848–1924), also photographed Les Halles de Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Around_the_world">Around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Marketplace" title="Special:EditPage/Marketplace">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markets have been known in parts of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> for centuries. An 18th century commentator noted the many markets he visited in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>. He provided a detailed description of market activities at Sabi, in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Whydah" title="Kingdom of Whydah">Wydah</a> (now the part of the Republic of Benin): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Their fairs and markets are regulated with so much care and prudence, that nothing contrary to law is ever committed. All sorts of merchandise here are collected, and those who have brought goods are permitted to take what time they please to dispose of them, but without fraud or noise. A judge, attended by four officers armed, is appointed by the King for the inspection of goods, to hear and determine all grievances, complaints and disputes ... The market place is surrounded by butlers and booths, and places of refreshment for the conveniency of the people. They are only permitted to sell certain sorts of meats, pork, goats, beef and dog flesh. Other booths are kept by women who sell maize, millet, rice and corn bread. Other shops sell <i>Pito</i>, a sort of pleasant and wholesome, and very refreshing beer. Palm wine, acqua vita and spirits which they get from the Europeans, are kept in other shops, with restrictions on sale to prevent drunkenness and riots. Here slaves of both sexes are bought and sold, also oxen, sheep, dogs, hogs, shish and birds of all kind. Woollen cloths, linen, silks and calicoes of European and Indian manufacture, they have it in great abundance, likewise hard-ware, china and glass of all sorts; gold in dust and ingots, iron in bars, lead in sheets and everything of European, Asiatic or African production is here found at reasonable prices.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Kingdom of Benin</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Benin_City" title="Benin City">Benin City</a>), he commented on the exotic foods available for sale at a market there: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Besides the dry merchandise of which the markets of Benin abound, they are also well stocked with eatables, a little particular in kind. Here they expose dogs to sale for eating, of which the negroes are very fond. Roasted monkeys, apes and baboons are every where to be seen. Bats, rats and lizards dried in the sun, palm wine and fruit, form the must luxurious entertainments, and stand continually for sale in the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Botswana">Botswana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Botswana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, the sale of agricultural produce to the formal market is largely controlled by large corporations. Most small, local farmers sell their produce to the informal market, local communities and street vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main wholesale market is the Horticultural market in <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>. The government made some attempts to build markets in the north of the country, but that was largely unsuccessful and most commercial buyers travel to Johannesburg or Tshwane for supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> is a major producer and exporter of grains and a number of wholesale markets assist with the distribution and export of such products. Important wholesale markets include: <a href="/wiki/Nekemte" title="Nekemte">Nekemte</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_Welega_Zone" title="East Welega Zone">East Welega zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimma" title="Jimma">Jimma</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jimma_Zone" title="Jimma Zone">Jimma zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asella" title="Asella">Assela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sagure" title="Sagure">Sagure</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arsi_Zone" title="Arsi Zone">Arsi zone</a>, Bahir Dar and Bure in the Gojjam zone, Dessie and Kombolcha in the Wollo zone, Mekele in the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dire_Dawa" title="Dire Dawa">Dire Dawa</a> and Harar in the <a href="/wiki/Oromia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia Region">Oromia region</a>, and Addis Ababa.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the major retail markets in Ethiopia include: <a href="/wiki/Addis_Mercato" title="Addis Mercato">Addis Mercato</a> in Addis Ababa, the largest open air market in the country; Gulalle and Galan, both in Addis Ababa; Awasa Lake Fish Market in Awasa, the Saturday market <a href="/wiki/Harar" title="Harar">Harar</a>, and the Saturday market in <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Addis Mercato, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"><img alt="Addis Mercato, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg/120px-MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg/180px-MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg/240px-MercatoAddisAbeba08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Addis_Mercato" title="Addis Mercato">Addis Mercato</a>, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Awasa_fish_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Awasa fish market, Awasa, Ethiopia"><img alt="Awasa fish market, Awasa, Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Awasa_fish_market.jpg/120px-Awasa_fish_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Awasa_fish_market.jpg/180px-Awasa_fish_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Awasa_fish_market.jpg/240px-Awasa_fish_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Awasa fish market, Awasa, Ethiopia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adigrat_Market,_Ethiopia_(12581353584).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adigrat Market, Ethiopia"><img alt="Adigrat Market, Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Adigrat_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2812581353584%29.jpg/120px-Adigrat_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2812581353584%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Adigrat_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2812581353584%29.jpg/180px-Adigrat_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2812581353584%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Adigrat_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2812581353584%29.jpg/240px-Adigrat_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2812581353584%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adigrat Market, Ethiopia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konso_Sorghum_Market,_Ethiopia_(15221883581).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Konso Sorghum Market, Ethiopia"><img alt="Konso Sorghum Market, Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Konso_Sorghum_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2815221883581%29.jpg/120px-Konso_Sorghum_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2815221883581%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Konso_Sorghum_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2815221883581%29.jpg/250px-Konso_Sorghum_Market%2C_Ethiopia_%2815221883581%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Konso Sorghum Market, Ethiopia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Market,_Harar,_Ethiopia_(8112097174).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street Market, Harar, Ethiopia"><img alt="Street Market, Harar, Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Street_Market%2C_Harar%2C_Ethiopia_%288112097174%29.jpg/120px-Street_Market%2C_Harar%2C_Ethiopia_%288112097174%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Street_Market%2C_Harar%2C_Ethiopia_%288112097174%29.jpg/180px-Street_Market%2C_Harar%2C_Ethiopia_%288112097174%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Street_Market%2C_Harar%2C_Ethiopia_%288112097174%29.jpg/240px-Street_Market%2C_Harar%2C_Ethiopia_%288112097174%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="646" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street Market, Harar, Ethiopia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ghana">Ghana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ghana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Markets_in_Ghana" title="Markets in Ghana">Markets in Ghana</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghanaian</a> markets have survived in spite of sometimes brutal measures to eradicate them. In the late 1970s, the Ghanaian government used market traders as a scapegoat for its own policy failures which involved food shortages and high inflation. The government blamed traders for failing to observe pricing guidelines and vilified "women merchants". In 1979, the Makola market was dynamited and bulldozed, but within a week the traders were back selling fruit, vegetables and fish, albeit without a roof over their head.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumasi_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kumasi Market in Ghana"><img alt="Kumasi Market in Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kumasi_Market.jpg/120px-Kumasi_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kumasi_Market.jpg/180px-Kumasi_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kumasi_Market.jpg/240px-Kumasi_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kumasi Market in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghana_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market between Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana"><img alt="Market between Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghana_Market.jpg/120px-Ghana_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghana_Market.jpg/180px-Ghana_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ghana_Market.jpg/240px-Ghana_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market between Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madina_ghana_market4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madina Ghana Market"><img alt="Madina Ghana Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Madina_ghana_market4.jpg/67px-Madina_ghana_market4.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Madina_ghana_market4.jpg/101px-Madina_ghana_market4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Madina_ghana_market4.jpg/135px-Madina_ghana_market4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Madina Ghana Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_in_Anaynui,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market in Anaynui, Ghana"><img alt="Market in Anaynui, Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Market_in_Anaynui%2C_Ghana.jpg/120px-Market_in_Anaynui%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Market_in_Anaynui%2C_Ghana.jpg/250px-Market_in_Anaynui%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market in Anaynui, Ghana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Outside_Makola_Market,_Accra,_Ghana.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Street Outside Makola Market, Accra, Ghana"><img alt="Street Outside Makola Market, Accra, Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Street_Outside_Makola_Market%2C_Accra%2C_Ghana.JPG/120px-Street_Outside_Makola_Market%2C_Accra%2C_Ghana.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Street_Outside_Makola_Market%2C_Accra%2C_Ghana.JPG/250px-Street_Outside_Makola_Market%2C_Accra%2C_Ghana.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street Outside Makola Market, Accra, Ghana</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kenya">Kenya</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>'s capital, <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, has several major markets. Wakulima market is one of the region's largest markets, situated on Haile Selassie Avenue in Nairobi. Other markets in Nairobi are: Kariakor Market, <a href="/wiki/Gikomba_market" title="Gikomba market">Gikomba Market</a>, and Muthurwa Market.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mombasa, Kongowea market is also a very large market with over 1500 stalls<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and covering 4.5 ha. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mombasa Market"><img alt="Mombasa Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg/120px-Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg/180px-Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg/240px-Mombasa-MarketHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mombasa Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wakulima_market_(1295043526).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wakulima market, Nairobi"><img alt="Wakulima market, Nairobi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Wakulima_market_%281295043526%29.jpg/120px-Wakulima_market_%281295043526%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Wakulima_market_%281295043526%29.jpg/250px-Wakulima_market_%281295043526%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="331" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wakulima market, Nairobi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Masai Market, Nairobi"><img alt="Masai Market, Nairobi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg/120px-Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg/180px-Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg/240px-Masai_Market_Nairobi_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2386" data-file-height="1257" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Masai Market, Nairobi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kilingili Market"><img alt="Kilingili Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg/120px-Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg/180px-Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg/240px-Kilingili_Market_thru_car_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kilingili Market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Morocco">Morocco</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, markets are known as <a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">souks</a>, and are normally found in a city's Medina (old city or old quarter). Shopping at a produce market is a standard feature of daily life in Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the larger cities, Medinas are typically made up of a collection of souks built amid a maze of narrow streets and laneways where independent vendors and artisans tend to cluster in sections which subsequently become known for a particular type of produce – such as the silversmith's street or the textile district. In <a href="/wiki/Tangiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangiers">Tangiers</a>, a sprawling market fills the many streets of the medina and this area is divided into two sections, known as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Socco" title="Grand Socco">Grand Socco</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Socco" title="Petit Socco">Petit Socco</a>. The term <i>socco</i> is a Spanish corruption of the Arabic word for <a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq"><i>souk</i></a>, meaning marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These markets sell a large variety of goods: fresh produce, cooking equipment, pottery, silverware, rugs and carpets, leather goods, clothing, accessories, electronics, alongside cafes, restaurants and take-away food stalls. The medina at <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a> is the oldest, having been founded in the 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medina at Fez has been named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Today it is the main fresh produce market and is noted for its narrow laneways and for a total ban on motorized traffic. All produce is brought in and out of the marketplace by donkey or hand-cart. In <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>, the main produce markets are also to be found in the medina and a colourful market is also held daily in the Jemaa el-Fnaa (main square) where roaming performers and musicians entertain the large crowds that gather there.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marrakesh has the largest traditional Berber market in Morocco. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market stalls in Tangiers' medina"><img alt="Market stalls in Tangiers' medina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg/120px-Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg/180px-Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg/240px-Marktst%C3%A4nde_in_der_Medina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2860" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market stalls in Tangiers' medina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spice shop in Tangiers' medina"><img alt="Spice shop in Tangiers' medina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg/90px-Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg/135px-Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg/180px-Gew%C3%BCrzladen_in_der_Medina_von_Tanger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spice shop in Tangiers' medina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tangier2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Market scene, Tangiers"><img alt="Market scene, Tangiers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tangier2.JPG/120px-Tangier2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tangier2.JPG/180px-Tangier2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tangier2.JPG/240px-Tangier2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market scene, Tangiers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BerberWoman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berber woman selling produce at a Moroccan market"><img alt="Berber woman selling produce at a Moroccan market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BerberWoman.jpg/84px-BerberWoman.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BerberWoman.jpg/127px-BerberWoman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/BerberWoman.jpg/169px-BerberWoman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berber woman selling produce at a Moroccan market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jemaa el-Fnaa at night"><img alt="Jemaa el-Fnaa at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg/120px-Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg/180px-Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg/240px-Jemaa_el-Fnaa_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jemaa el-Fnaa at night</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Namibia">Namibia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Namibia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> has been almost entirely dependent on South Africa for its fresh produce. Dominated by rolling plains and long sand dunes and an unpredictable rainfall, many parts of Namibia are unsuited to growing fruit and vegetables. Government sponsored initiatives have encouraged producers to grow fresh fruit, vegetables, legumes and grains<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Namibian Ministry of Agriculture has recently launched a system of fresh produce hubs to serve as a platform for producers to market and distribute their produce. It is anticipated that these hubs will assist in curbing the number of sellers who take their produce to South Africa where it is placed on cold storage, only to be imported back into the country at a later date.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Scene_Oshakati_Namibia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Scene Oshakati Namibia"><img alt="Market Scene Oshakati Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Market_Scene_Oshakati_Namibia.jpg/120px-Market_Scene_Oshakati_Namibia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Market_Scene_Oshakati_Namibia.jpg/250px-Market_Scene_Oshakati_Namibia.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market Scene Oshakati Namibia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street Market in Namibia, Windhoek"><img alt="Street Market in Namibia, Windhoek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg/120px-Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg/180px-Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg/240px-Street_Market_in_Namibia_-_Windhoek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5160" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street Market in Namibia, Windhoek</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artisans' Market, Swakopmund"><img alt="Artisans' Market, Swakopmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_%281%29.jpg/120px-Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_%281%29.jpg/180px-Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_%281%29.jpg/240px-Swakopmund-March%C3%A9_artisanal_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artisans' Market, Swakopmund</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artisan's market, d'Okahandja"><img alt="Artisan's market, d'Okahandja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_%281%29.jpg/120px-March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_%281%29.jpg/180px-March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_%281%29.jpg/240px-March%C3%A9_artisanal_d%27Okahandja_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artisan's market, d'Okahandja</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oshakati_New_market_2016-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oshakati New market, 2016"><img alt="Oshakati New market, 2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oshakati_New_market_2016-2.jpg/120px-Oshakati_New_market_2016-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Oshakati_New_market_2016-2.jpg/250px-Oshakati_New_market_2016-2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oshakati New market, 2016</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_markets_in_Lagos" title="List of markets in Lagos">List of markets in Lagos</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fresh produce markets have traditionally dominated the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> food chain, handling more than half of all fresh produce. Although large, vertically integrated food retailers, such as supermarkets, are beginning to make inroads into the supply chain, traditional <a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">hawkers</a> and produce markets have shown remarkable resilience.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main markets in Johannesburg are: Jozi Real Food Market, Bryanston Organic Market, Pretoria Boeremark specialising in South African delicacies, Hazel Food Market, Panorama Flea Market, Rosebank Sunday Market, Market on Main (a periodic arts market), and neighbourhood markets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Gambia">The Gambia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The Gambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> is Good" initiative was established in 2004 with a view to encouraging a market for locally grown fresh produce rather than imported ones. The plan was designed to "stimulate local livelihoods, inspire entrepreneurship and reduce the environmental and social cost of imported produce".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A great deal of the produce trade is carried out informally on street corners and many shops are little more than market booths.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, dedicated open air and covered markets can be found in the larger towns. Notable markets include: the Serekunda Market in Gambia's largest city, <a href="/wiki/Serekunda" title="Serekunda">Serekunda</a>, which opens from early morning to late at night 7 days a week and trades in produce, live animals, clothing, accessories, jewellery, crafts, second hand goods and souvenirs; The Albert Market in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a>, which sells fresh produce, colourful, locally designed fabrics, musical instruments, carved wooden masks and other local products. Other interesting markets include: Bakau Fish Market in <a href="/wiki/Bakau" title="Bakau">Bakau</a>; Tanji Fish Market, Tanji, where brightly painted fishing boats bring in the fish from where it is immediately preserved using traditional methods and prepared for distribution to other West African countries; The Woodcarvers Market in <a href="/wiki/Brikama" title="Brikama">Brikama</a> which boasts the largest concentration of woodcarvers in the country; the Pottery Market in <a href="/wiki/Basse_Santa_Su" title="Basse Santa Su">Basse Santa</a>; the Atlantic Road Craft Market at Bakau and the Senegambia Craft Market at Bakau. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serekunda_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Serekunda Market, Serekunda, The Gambia"><img alt="Serekunda Market, Serekunda, The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Serekunda_market.jpg/120px-Serekunda_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Serekunda_market.jpg/180px-Serekunda_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Serekunda_market.jpg/240px-Serekunda_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3510" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Serekunda Market, <a href="/wiki/Serekunda" title="Serekunda">Serekunda</a>, The Gambia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GambiaSerekunda003_(30580187363).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vendor at Serekunda Market, The Gambia"><img alt="Vendor at Serekunda Market, The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/GambiaSerekunda003_%2830580187363%29.jpg/120px-GambiaSerekunda003_%2830580187363%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/GambiaSerekunda003_%2830580187363%29.jpg/250px-GambiaSerekunda003_%2830580187363%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vendor at Serekunda Market, The Gambia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Albert Market, Banjul, The Gambia"><img alt="The Albert Market, Banjul, The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg/120px-1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg/180px-1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg/240px-1014036-Banjul_Albert_market-The_Gambia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Albert_Market" title="Albert Market">Albert Market</a>, Banjul, The Gambia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GambiaTanji052_(30426214214).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanji Fish Market, Tanji, The Gambia"><img alt="Tanji Fish Market, Tanji, The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GambiaTanji052_%2830426214214%29.jpg/90px-GambiaTanji052_%2830426214214%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GambiaTanji052_%2830426214214%29.jpg/135px-GambiaTanji052_%2830426214214%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GambiaTanji052_%2830426214214%29.jpg/180px-GambiaTanji052_%2830426214214%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tanji Fish Market, Tanji, The Gambia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_(12029266475).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional wood carvings at a market in The Gambia"><img alt="Traditional wood carvings at a market in The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_%2812029266475%29.jpg/120px-GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_%2812029266475%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_%2812029266475%29.jpg/180px-GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_%2812029266475%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_%2812029266475%29.jpg/240px-GambiaSerrekundaBrikama029_%2812029266475%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional wood carvings at a market in The Gambia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uganda">Uganda</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Uganda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakawa_Market" title="Nakawa Market">Nakawa Market</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Haat_bazaar" title="Haat bazaar">Haat bazaar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meena_Bazaar" title="Meena Bazaar">Meena Bazaar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landa_bazaar" title="Landa bazaar">Landa bazaar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saddar_Bazaar" title="Saddar Bazaar">Saddar Bazaar</a></div> <p>Produce markets in Asia are undergoing major changes as supermarkets enter the retail scene and the growing middle classes acquire preferences for branded goods. Many supermarkets purchase directly from producers, supplanting the traditional role of both wholesale and retail markets. In order to survive, produce markets have been forced to consider value adding opportunities and many retail markets now focus on ready-to-eat food and take-away food.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="China">China</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the existence of street and <a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">wet markets</a> has been known for centuries; however, many of these were restricted in the 1950s and 1960s and only permitted to re-open in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinction between wholesale and retail markets is somewhat ambiguous in China, since many markets serve both as distribution centres and retail shopping venues. To assist in the distribution of food, more than 9,000 wholesale produce markets operate in China.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these markets operate on a very large scale. For example, Beijing's <a href="/wiki/Xinfadi_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinfadi market">Xinfadi Wholesale market</a>, currently under renovation, is expected to have a footprint of 112 hectares when complete.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beijing Zoo Market (retail market) is a collection of 12 different markets, comprising some 20,000 tenant stall-holders, 30,000 employees and more than 100,000 customers daily.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China is both a major importer and exporter of fruit and vegetables and is now the world's largest exporter of apples.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to produce markets, China has many specialised markets such as a silk market, clothing markets and an antiques market. China's fresh produce market is undergoing major change. In the larger cities, purchasing is gradually moving to online with door-to-door deliveries. </p><p>Some of the more important markets in China include: </p> <ul><li><b>Wholesale produce market:</b> Xinfadi (wholesale produce market, Beijing) - with an annual turnover volume of 14 million tonnes of meat, fruit and vegetables, it supplies 70 percent of Beijing's vegetables<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nanzhan (Shenyang, Liaoning) which supplies the northern provinces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Retail produce markets:</b> The fresh produce market at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutong_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutong market (page does not exist)">Hutong market</a> (Beijing); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiabu_Xiabu_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiabu Xiabu market (page does not exist)">Xiabu Xiabu market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjiayuan_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjiayuan market (page does not exist)">Panjiayuan market</a> (Beijing); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dazhongsi_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dazhongsi market (page does not exist)">Dazhongsi market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianyi_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianyi market (page does not exist)">Tianyi market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing_Zoo_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing Zoo market (page does not exist)">Beijing Zoo market</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahongmen_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahongmen market (page does not exist)">Dahongmen market</a> (Fengtai District, Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanyuanli_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanyuanli market (page does not exist)">Sanyuanli market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shengfu_Xiaoguan_morning_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shengfu Xiaoguan morning market (page does not exist)">Shengfu Xiaoguan morning market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lishuiqiao_seafood_farmers%27_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lishuiqiao seafood farmers' market (page does not exist)">Lishuiqiao seafood farmers' market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangjing_Zonghe_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangjing Zonghe market (page does not exist)">Wangjing Zonghe market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaowai_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaowai market (page does not exist)">Chaowai market</a> (Beijing), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhenbai_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhenbai market (page does not exist)">Zhenbai market</a> (Shanghai's largest produce market)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5646-Linxia-City-market-porcelain-and-traditional-Linxia-sunglasses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hui vendors at Linxia City Market"><img alt="Hui vendors at Linxia City Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/5646-Linxia-City-market-porcelain-and-traditional-Linxia-sunglasses.jpg/120px-5646-Linxia-City-market-porcelain-and-traditional-Linxia-sunglasses.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/5646-Linxia-City-market-porcelain-and-traditional-Linxia-sunglasses.jpg/250px-5646-Linxia-City-market-porcelain-and-traditional-Linxia-sunglasses.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hui vendors at Linxia City Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing_silk_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beijing silk market"><img alt="Beijing silk market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beijing_silk_market.jpg/120px-Beijing_silk_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beijing_silk_market.jpg/180px-Beijing_silk_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beijing_silk_market.jpg/240px-Beijing_silk_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2766" data-file-height="1995" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beijing silk market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panjiayuan_Market_Beijing_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (exterior)"><img alt="Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (exterior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Panjiayuan_Market_Beijing_China.jpg/120px-Panjiayuan_Market_Beijing_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Panjiayuan_Market_Beijing_China.jpg/250px-Panjiayuan_Market_Beijing_China.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (exterior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (external stallholder)"><img alt="Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (external stallholder)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg/120px-2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg/180px-2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg/240px-2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_30_anagoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (external stallholder)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_74_anagoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (interior)"><img alt="Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (interior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_74_anagoria.jpg/120px-2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_74_anagoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_74_anagoria.jpg/250px-2016-09-10_Beijing_Panjiayuan_market_74_anagoria.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5440" data-file-height="3856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panjiayuan Market, Beijing (interior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunhuang_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dunhuang market"><img alt="Dunhuang market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dunhuang_market.jpg/120px-Dunhuang_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dunhuang_market.jpg/180px-Dunhuang_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dunhuang_market.jpg/240px-Dunhuang_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a> market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Night_markets_in_Hong_Kong" title="Night markets in Hong Kong">Night markets in Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Street_markets_in_Hong_Kong" title="Category:Street markets in Hong Kong">Category:Street markets in Hong Kong</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> relies heavily imports to meet its fresh produce needs. Importers are consequently an important part of the distribution network, and some importers supply directly to retail consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Street markets in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> are held every day except on a few traditional Chinese holidays like <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>. Stalls opened at two sides of a street are required to have licenses issued by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government">Hong Kong Government</a>. The various types of street markets include fresh foods, clothing, cooked foods, flowers and electronics. The earliest form of market was a <i>gaa si</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">wet market</a>). Some traditional markets have been replaced by <a href="/wiki/Shopping_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shopping centre">shopping centres</a>, markets in municipal service buildings and <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a>, while others have become tourist attractions such as <a href="/wiki/Tung_Choi_Street" title="Tung Choi Street">Tung Choi Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apliu_Street" title="Apliu Street">Apliu Street</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Market,_Hong_Kong" title="Central Market, Hong Kong">Central Market, Hong Kong</a> is a grade II listed building. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_market_in_Hong_Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish Market in Hong Kong"><img alt="Fish Market in Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fish_market_in_Hong_Kong.jpg/120px-Fish_market_in_Hong_Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fish_market_in_Hong_Kong.jpg/250px-Fish_market_in_Hong_Kong.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3161" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish Market in Hong Kong</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Japan">Japan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsukiji_fish_market" title="Tsukiji fish market">Tsukiji fish market</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kochi_Sunday_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kochi Sunday Market (page does not exist)">Kochi Sunday Market</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirome_Ichiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirome Ichiba (page does not exist)">Hirome Ichiba</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_markets_in_South_Korea" title="List of markets in South Korea">List of markets in South Korea</a></div> <p>Although the majority of markets in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> are wholesale markets, retail customers are permitted to make purchases in all of them. The <a href="/wiki/Gwangjang_Market" title="Gwangjang Market">Gwangjang Market</a> is the nation's top market and is a popular tourist destination.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Night_markets_in_Taiwan" title="Night markets in Taiwan">Night markets in Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_night_markets_in_Taiwan" title="List of night markets in Taiwan">List of night markets in Taiwan</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> meets most of its produce needs through local production. This means that the country has a very active network of wholesale and retail markets.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Guardian</i> newspaper, Taiwan has "the best night market scene in the world and some of the most exciting street food in Asia".<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_market_in_Taipei,_Taiwan_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish market in Taipei"><img alt="Fish market in Taipei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fish_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan_2.jpg/120px-Fish_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fish_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan_2.jpg/180px-Fish_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fish_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan_2.jpg/240px-Fish_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="1971" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Fish market in Taipei</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_market_in_Tamsui,_Taiwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish market in Tamsui"><img alt="Fish market in Tamsui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fish_market_in_Tamsui%2C_Taiwan.jpg/120px-Fish_market_in_Tamsui%2C_Taiwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fish_market_in_Tamsui%2C_Taiwan.jpg/180px-Fish_market_in_Tamsui%2C_Taiwan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fish_market_in_Tamsui%2C_Taiwan.jpg/240px-Fish_market_in_Tamsui%2C_Taiwan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish market in Tamsui</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fruit_market_in_Taipei,_Taiwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit market in Taipei"><img alt="Fruit market in Taipei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fruit_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan.jpg/120px-Fruit_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fruit_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan.jpg/250px-Fruit_market_in_Taipei%2C_Taiwan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit market in Taipei</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Asia, especially Nepal, India, and Bangladesh, a <a href="/wiki/Haat_bazaar" title="Haat bazaar"><i>haat</i></a> (also known as <i>hat</i>), refers to a regular rural produce market, typically held once or twice per week.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="India">India</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The marketing historian, Petty, has suggested that Indian marketplaces first arose during the Chola Dynasty (approx. 850–1279 CE) during a period of favourable economic conditions. Distinct types of markets were evident: <i>nagaaram</i> (streets of shops, often devoted to specific types of goods; <i>angadi</i> (markets) and <i>perangadi</i> (large markets in the inner city districts)).<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sub-continent may have borrowed the concept of covered marketplaces from the Middle East around the tenth century with the arrival of Islam. The caravanserai and covered market structures, known as suqs, first began to appear along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">silk routes</a> and were located in the area just outside the city perimeter. Following the tradition established on the Arabian peninsula, India also established temporary-seasonal markets in regional districts. In Rajasthan's <a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a>, an annual camel market was first recorded in the 15th century. However, following the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> in northern India during the 16th century, this arrangement changed. A covered bazaar or market place became integrated into city structures and was to be found in the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markets and bazaars were well known in the colonial era. Some of these bazaars appear to have specialised in particular types of produce. The Patna district, in the 17th century, was home to 175 weaver villages and the Patna Bazaar enjoyed a reputation as a centre of trade in fine cloth. When the Italian writer and traveller, <a href="/wiki/Niccolao_Manucci" title="Niccolao Manucci">Niccolao Manucci</a>, visited there in 1863, he found many merchants trading in cotton and silk in Patna's bazaars.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India today, many different types of market serve retail and commercial clients:<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Wholesale markets</b> <ul><li>Primary wholesale markets: Held once or twice per week, these sell produce from local villages e.g. <a href="/wiki/Rice_Bazaar" title="Rice Bazaar">Rice Bazaar</a> at Thissur in Kerala.</li> <li>Secondary wholesale markets (also known as mandis): Smaller merchants purchase from primary markets and sell at secondary markets. A small number of primary producers may sell direct to mandis.</li> <li>Terminal markets: Markets that sell directly to the end-user, whether it be the consumer, food processor, or shipping agent for export to foreign countries e.g. Bombay Terminal Market.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Retail markets</b> <ul><li>Retail markets: Spread across villages, towns and cities.</li> <li>Fairs: Held on religious days and deal in livestock and agricultural produce.</li></ul></li></ol> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (and also <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>), a <i><a href="/wiki/Landa_bazaar" title="Landa bazaar">landa bazaar</a></i> is a type of a <i>bazaar</i> or a marketplace with lowest prices where only secondhand general goods are exchanged or sold. A <i>haat</i> also refers to a bazaar or market in Bangladesh and Pakistan and the term may also be used in India. A <i>saddar</i> refers to the main, central market in a town while a <i>mandi</i> refers to a large marketplace. A <a href="/wiki/Meena_Bazaar" title="Meena Bazaar">Meena Bazaar</a> is a marketplace where goods are sold in an effort to raise money for charity. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makar_Sankranti_Hindu_festival,_Magh_Mela_at_Prayaga_Sangam_Uttar_Pradesh_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magh Mela at Prayaga Sangam Uttar Pradesh India is a fair associated with the Sankranti Hindu festival"><img alt="Magh Mela at Prayaga Sangam Uttar Pradesh India is a fair associated with the Sankranti Hindu festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Makar_Sankranti_Hindu_festival%2C_Magh_Mela_at_Prayaga_Sangam_Uttar_Pradesh_India.jpg/120px-Makar_Sankranti_Hindu_festival%2C_Magh_Mela_at_Prayaga_Sangam_Uttar_Pradesh_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Makar_Sankranti_Hindu_festival%2C_Magh_Mela_at_Prayaga_Sangam_Uttar_Pradesh_India.jpg/250px-Makar_Sankranti_Hindu_festival%2C_Magh_Mela_at_Prayaga_Sangam_Uttar_Pradesh_India.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Kumbh_Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad Kumbh Mela">Magh Mela</a> at Prayaga Sangam Uttar Pradesh India is a fair associated with the Sankranti Hindu festival</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombay-market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bombay Street Market is a terminal market"><img alt="The Bombay Street Market is a terminal market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bombay-market.jpg/120px-Bombay-market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bombay-market.jpg/180px-Bombay-market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bombay-market.jpg/240px-Bombay-market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Bombay Street Market is a terminal market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goan_sausages_being_sold_at_the_Mapusa_market,_Goa,_India_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goan sausages being sold at the Mapusa market, Goa, India"><img alt="Goan sausages being sold at the Mapusa market, Goa, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Goan_sausages_being_sold_at_the_Mapusa_market%2C_Goa%2C_India_03.jpg/120px-Goan_sausages_being_sold_at_the_Mapusa_market%2C_Goa%2C_India_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Goan_sausages_being_sold_at_the_Mapusa_market%2C_Goa%2C_India_03.jpg/250px-Goan_sausages_being_sold_at_the_Mapusa_market%2C_Goa%2C_India_03.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goan sausages being sold at the Mapusa market, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Market,_Kolkata,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Market, Kolkata, India"><img alt="New Market, Kolkata, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/New_Market%2C_Kolkata%2C_2011.jpg/120px-New_Market%2C_Kolkata%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/New_Market%2C_Kolkata%2C_2011.jpg/250px-New_Market%2C_Kolkata%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1155" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_Market,_Kolkata" title="New Market, Kolkata">New Market, Kolkata</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pushkar.in_Camel_Fair_2007_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Annual camel market at Pushkar in Rajasthan, India"><img alt="Annual camel market at Pushkar in Rajasthan, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pushkar.in_Camel_Fair_2007_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Pushkar.in_Camel_Fair_2007_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pushkar.in_Camel_Fair_2007_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Pushkar.in_Camel_Fair_2007_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Annual camel market at Pushkar in Rajasthan, India</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Agra">Agra</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Agra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadar_Bazaar,_Agra" title="Sadar Bazaar, Agra">Sadar Bazaar, Agra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Bangalore">Bangalore</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bangalore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Bazaar" title="Gandhi Bazaar">Gandhi Bazaar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Chennai">Chennai</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Chennai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pondy_Bazaar" title="Pondy Bazaar">Pondy Bazaar</a> (officially named <i>Soundarapandian Angadi</i>), T. Nagar, Chennai</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Delhi">Delhi</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Delhi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Delhi" title="Shopping in Delhi">Shopping in Delhi</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lajpat_Nagar" title="Lajpat Nagar">Lajpat Nagar market, Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilli_Haat" title="Dilli Haat">Dilli Haat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadar_Bazaar,_Delhi" title="Sadar Bazaar, Delhi">Sadar Bazaar, Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palika_Bazaar" title="Palika Bazaar">Palika Bazaar</a> – an underground market in Delhi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Goa">Goa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Goa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mapusa_Friday_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapusa Friday Market">Mapusa Friday Market</a> Mapusa, North Goa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Himachal_Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Himachal Pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakkar_Bazaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakkar Bazaar">Lakkar Bazaar</a> Shimla, Himachal Pradesh</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Manipur">Manipur</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Manipur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khwairamband_Bazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwairamband Bazar">Khwairamband Bazar</a> Imphal, Manipur, India – a market operated entirely by women</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mumbai">Mumbai</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Mumbai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai#Malls_and_markets" title="List of tourist attractions in Mumbai">List of tourist attractions in Mumbai § Malls and markets</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhendi_Bazaar" title="Bhendi Bazaar">Bhendi Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chira_Bazaar" title="Chira Bazaar">Chira Bazaar</a>, Mumbai – known for its jewellery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dava_Bazaar" title="Dava Bazaar">Dava Bazaar</a> also known as Dawa Bazaar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaveri_Bazaar" title="Zaveri Bazaar">Zaveri Bazaar</a> – jewellery market</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Punjab">Punjab</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fairs_and_festivals_in_Punjab,_India" title="List of fairs and festivals in Punjab, India">List of fairs and festivals in Punjab, India</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaura_Bazaar" title="Chaura Bazaar">Chaura Bazaar</a>, Ludhiana, Punjab</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Uttar_Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Uttar Pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajhuwa" title="Ajhuwa">Ajhuwa</a> Bazaar, Ajhuwa, Kaushambi district, Uttar Pradesh, India</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southeast Asia is noted for its night markets, floating markets and pirate markets (markets that specialise in selling "knock off" copies of designer brands). Some Asian countries have developed unique distribution systems and highly specialised types of market place. Throughout Asia, a <i><a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">wet market</a></i> refers to a place where fruit, vegetables, fish, seafood, and meat products are sold.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout much of Asia, produce markets are known as <i>morning markets</i> due to their hours of operation, while <i>night markets</i> specialise in selling non-perishables including clothing, accessories, local artefacts, souvenirs, and a wide assortment of personal goods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cambodia">Cambodia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Cambodia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Phnom_Penh">Phnom Penh</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Phnom Penh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Markets_in_Phnom_Penh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markets in Phnom Penh (page does not exist)">Markets in Phnom Penh</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_markets_in_Phnom_Penh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of markets in Phnom Penh (page does not exist)">List of markets in Phnom Penh</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Market,_Phnom_Penh" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Market, Phnom Penh">Central Market, Phnom Penh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pasar_malam" title="Pasar malam">Pasar malam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasar_pagi" title="Pasar pagi">Pasar pagi</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, a <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Pasar_pagi" title="Pasar pagi">pasar pagi</a></i></span> is a particular type of wet market, also known as a "morning market" which typically operates from early morning to the afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-JP-market_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP-market-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Pasar_malam" title="Pasar malam">Pasar malam</a></i></span> refers to a night market operated in later hours from late afternoon to night, approximately from 17:00 to 22:00, and only on selected days<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Which days? (May 2024)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> of a week. </p><p>The types of goods being sold is also quite different. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Pasar pagi</i></span> is where many housewives, domestic help, and local folks appear to shop their daily needs, mostly fresh produce. The products which are on sale are usually fresh produce, including <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a>, fish, meat, eggs, and a variety of perishable products. </p><p>Major textile, fashion, and clothing markets in Indonesia are <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Abang" title="Tanah Abang">Tanah Abang</a> market in central Jakarta and Pasar Baru in <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>. Notable markets specializing in traditional <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> clothing include <a href="/wiki/Pasar_Klewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasar Klewer">Pasar Klewer</a> in Solo and Pasar Beringharjo in Yogyakarta.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pasar pagi</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> are Pasar Pagi Mangga Dua, Pasar Induk Kramat Jati, <a href="/wiki/Pasar_Minggu" title="Pasar Minggu">Pasar Minggu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senen" title="Senen">Pasar Senen</a>. Pasar Minggu specialized on fruits and vegetables, while Pasar Kue Subuh in Senen specialized on selling <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Kue" title="Kue">kue</a></i></span>, as they offer a rich variety of traditional Indonesian snack, open every <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">subuh</i></span> (dawn).<sup id="cite_ref-JP-market_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP-market-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable markets in <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, include: Pasar Beringharjo, a traditional market; Kranggan Market, a flea market; Pasar Organik Milas, organic and flea market; Malioboro Road, a street market and Yogyakarta Bird Market. </p><p>Notable markets in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> include Pasar Badung central market of <a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a> city, Pasar Seni Sukowati art market specializing in artworks and handicrafts, and Pasar Ubud. </p><p>In several cities and towns in <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, there are <a href="/wiki/Floating_market" title="Floating market">floating markets</a>, which is a collection of vendors selling various produce and product on boats. For example, the Siring floating market in <a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a> and Lok Baintan floating market in Martapura, both in <a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasar_Gedhe_2009_Bennylin_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasar Gede central market, Solo"><img alt="Pasar Gede central market, Solo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Pasar_Gedhe_2009_Bennylin_13.jpg/120px-Pasar_Gedhe_2009_Bennylin_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Pasar_Gedhe_2009_Bennylin_13.jpg/250px-Pasar_Gedhe_2009_Bennylin_13.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pasar Gede central market, <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Solo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasar Keputran, a pasar pagi or morning wet market, Surabaya"><img alt="Pasar Keputran, a pasar pagi or morning wet market, Surabaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG/120px-Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG/180px-Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG/240px-Pasar_Keputran_Surabaya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pasar Keputran, a <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Pasar_pagi" title="Pasar pagi">pasar pagi</a></i></span> or morning wet market, <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasar_Malam_Rawasari_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Vendor selling rissole at the pasar malam (night market) in Rawasari, Jakarta"><img alt="Vendor selling rissole at the pasar malam (night market) in Rawasari, Jakarta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pasar_Malam_Rawasari_6.JPG/120px-Pasar_Malam_Rawasari_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pasar_Malam_Rawasari_6.JPG/250px-Pasar_Malam_Rawasari_6.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vendor selling <a href="/wiki/Rissole" title="Rissole">rissole</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pasar_malam" title="Pasar malam">pasar malam</a> (night market) in Rawasari, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Flower market, Bali"><img alt="Flower market, Bali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG/120px-The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG/180px-The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG/240px-The_flowers_markrt_in_Bali.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flower market, <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasar_Terapung,_Siring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siring floating market, Banjarmasin"><img alt="Siring floating market, Banjarmasin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pasar_Terapung%2C_Siring.jpg/120px-Pasar_Terapung%2C_Siring.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pasar_Terapung%2C_Siring.jpg/250px-Pasar_Terapung%2C_Siring.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Siring floating market, <a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Markets_of_Taiping,_Perak" title="Markets of Taiping, Perak">Markets of Taiping, Perak</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> the term <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Pasar_malam" title="Pasar malam">Pasar malam</a></i></span> refers to a night market which operates from around 17:00 through to approximately 23:00.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Pasar_pagi" title="Pasar pagi">Pasar pagi</a></i></span> morning wet market is also familiar in Malaysia. </p><p>In parts of Malaysia, jungle produce markets trade in indigenous fruits and vegetables, all of which are gaining popularity as consumers switch to pesticide-free food products. Some of the more nutritional indigenous produce includes fruits such as dabai (<i><a href="/wiki/Canarium_odontophyllum" title="Canarium odontophyllum">Canarium odontophyllum</a></i>), kembayau (<i><a href="/wiki/Dacryodes_rostrata" title="Dacryodes rostrata">Dacryodes rostrata</a> f. cuspidata</i>), durian nyekak (<i><a href="/wiki/Durio_kutejensis" title="Durio kutejensis">Durio kutejensis</a></i>), durian kuning (<i><a href="/wiki/Durio_graveolens" title="Durio graveolens">Durio graveolens</a></i>), letup (<i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_foetida" title="Passiflora foetida">Passiflora foetida</a></i>), kepayang (<i><a href="/wiki/Pangium_edule" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangium edule">Pangium edule</a></i>), and tubu (<i>Pycnarrhena tumetacta</i>) and vegetables such as tengang (<i><a href="/wiki/Gnetum" title="Gnetum">Gnetum</a></i> sp.), riang batu (<i>Begonia chlorosticia</i>), teh kampung (<i>Leucosyke capitellata</i>), and tongkat langit (<i>Musa troglodytarum</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main markets in Kuala Lumpur include: <a href="/wiki/Pudu,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Pudu, Kuala Lumpur">Pudu market</a>: rated as KL's largest wet market by the <i>Lonely Planet Guide</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Central_Market,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Central Market, Kuala Lumpur">Central Market, Kuala Lumpur</a>; Chow Kit Wet Market; Kampong Bahru Pasar Minggu; China Town; Petaling Jaya SS2; Bangsar Baru and Lorong Tuanka Abdul Rahman. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sapeh_player,_Central_Market,_Kuala_Lumpur,_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sapeh player, performing at the Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"><img alt="Sapeh player, performing at the Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sapeh_player%2C_Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg/82px-Sapeh_player%2C_Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sapeh_player%2C_Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg/124px-Sapeh_player%2C_Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sapeh_player%2C_Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg/165px-Sapeh_player%2C_Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_-_20070401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sapeh" title="Sapeh">Sapeh</a> player, performing at the Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Market,_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (interior)"><img alt="Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (interior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG/120px-Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG/180px-Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG/240px-Central_Market%2C_Kuala_Lumpur_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Central Market, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (interior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasar_Seni_(Central_Market)_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasar Seni (Central Market) Kuala Lumpur (exterior)"><img alt="Pasar Seni (Central Market) Kuala Lumpur (exterior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pasar_Seni_%28Central_Market%29_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg/108px-Pasar_Seni_%28Central_Market%29_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pasar_Seni_%28Central_Market%29_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg/162px-Pasar_Seni_%28Central_Market%29_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pasar_Seni_%28Central_Market%29_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg/217px-Pasar_Seni_%28Central_Market%29_Kuala_Lumpur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pasar Seni (Central Market) Kuala Lumpur (exterior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Behind_the_Scenes_DeliciouslyDiverse_Malaysia_Gina_Keatley_Jalan_Alor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Night market at Jalan Alor, Malaysia"><img alt="Night market at Jalan Alor, Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Behind_the_Scenes_DeliciouslyDiverse_Malaysia_Gina_Keatley_Jalan_Alor.jpg/120px-Behind_the_Scenes_DeliciouslyDiverse_Malaysia_Gina_Keatley_Jalan_Alor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Behind_the_Scenes_DeliciouslyDiverse_Malaysia_Gina_Keatley_Jalan_Alor.jpg/250px-Behind_the_Scenes_DeliciouslyDiverse_Malaysia_Gina_Keatley_Jalan_Alor.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Night market at Jalan Alor, Malaysia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philippines">Philippines</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palengke" title="Palengke">Palengke</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the word <span title="Chavacano-language text"><i lang="cbk">palengke</i></span> refers to a group of stalls under a covered roof. Locals use <span title="Chavacano-language text"><i lang="cbk">palengkes</i></span> for daily shopping. Public markets are the primary trading centres in cities. In rural districts, public markets are in a state of disrepair.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weekend markets are popular for organic and artisanal foods purchases. In addition, a number of farmers' markets have sprung up.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cubao Farmers Market, in Quezon City gained international attention following a feature spot on the cable network program, <i>No Reservations</i>, with Anthony Bourdain in 2009. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palengke_-_Danao_City_01_by_Hulagway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Palengke, Danao City Philippines"><img alt="A Palengke, Danao City Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Palengke_-_Danao_City_01_by_Hulagway.jpg/120px-Palengke_-_Danao_City_01_by_Hulagway.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Palengke_-_Danao_City_01_by_Hulagway.jpg/250px-Palengke_-_Danao_City_01_by_Hulagway.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Palengke" title="Palengke">Palengke</a>, Danao City <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FvfVillasisBagsakan9425_24.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Produce market, Pangasinan"><img alt="Produce market, Pangasinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/FvfVillasisBagsakan9425_24.JPG/120px-FvfVillasisBagsakan9425_24.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/FvfVillasisBagsakan9425_24.JPG/250px-FvfVillasisBagsakan9425_24.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Produce market, Pangasinan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Pritil Public Market, Manila"><img alt="New Pritil Public Market, Manila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg/90px-0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg/135px-0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg/180px-0161jfPedestrian_footbridge_Tayuman_Juan_Luna_Bridge_Estero_de_la_Reina_C-22_Capulong_Pritil_Tondo_Manilafvf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New Pritil Public Market, Manila</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Market_Palengke_in_Novaliches.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A palengke in Novaliches, Quezon City"><img alt="A palengke in Novaliches, Quezon City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Star_Market_Palengke_in_Novaliches.jpg/120px-Star_Market_Palengke_in_Novaliches.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Star_Market_Palengke_in_Novaliches.jpg/250px-Star_Market_Palengke_in_Novaliches.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A palengke in Novaliches, Quezon City</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Thailand">Thailand</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Bangkok">Bangkok</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Bangkok"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Markets_in_Bangkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Markets in Bangkok">Markets in Bangkok</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_markets_in_Bangkok" title="List of markets in Bangkok">List of markets in Bangkok</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>'s markets are popular with both locals and visitors. Floating markets can be found in Bangkok and elsewhere. Vendors not only sell fresh produce from boats, but will also cook meals and snacks on their vessels for sale to the public. These floating markets are a popular tourist attraction. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangkok_Chatuchak_Market_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bangkok's Chatuchak Market, one of the largest markets in the world"><img alt="Bangkok's Chatuchak Market, one of the largest markets in the world" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bangkok_Chatuchak_Market_2.jpg/120px-Bangkok_Chatuchak_Market_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bangkok_Chatuchak_Market_2.jpg/250px-Bangkok_Chatuchak_Market_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bangkok's Chatuchak Market, one of the largest markets in the world</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taling_Chan_Floating_Market_in_Taling_Chan_District,_Bangkok,_Thailand_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food vendors at Taling Chan Floating Market, Taling Chan District"><img alt="Food vendors at Taling Chan Floating Market, Taling Chan District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Taling_Chan_Floating_Market_in_Taling_Chan_District%2C_Bangkok%2C_Thailand_2.jpg/120px-Taling_Chan_Floating_Market_in_Taling_Chan_District%2C_Bangkok%2C_Thailand_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Taling_Chan_Floating_Market_in_Taling_Chan_District%2C_Bangkok%2C_Thailand_2.jpg/250px-Taling_Chan_Floating_Market_in_Taling_Chan_District%2C_Bangkok%2C_Thailand_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Food vendors at Taling Chan Floating Market, <a href="/wiki/Taling_Chan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Taling Chan District">Taling Chan District</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Harbour Market, The Riverfront"><img alt="The Harbour Market, The Riverfront" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg/120px-Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg/180px-Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg/240px-Asiatique_The_Riverfront_Bangkok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Harbour Market, The Riverfront</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BobaeTowerEntrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to Bobae Tower Market"><img alt="Entrance to Bobae Tower Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BobaeTowerEntrance.jpg/120px-BobaeTowerEntrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BobaeTowerEntrance.jpg/250px-BobaeTowerEntrance.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to Bobae Tower Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suan Lum Night Bazaar"><img alt="Suan Lum Night Bazaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg/120px-Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg/180px-Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg/240px-Suan_Lum_Night_Bazaar_information.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suan Lum Night Bazaar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insect_vendor_in_Bangkok,_Thailand.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Insect vendor in Bangkok"><img alt="Insect vendor in Bangkok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Insect_vendor_in_Bangkok%2C_Thailand.JPG/120px-Insect_vendor_in_Bangkok%2C_Thailand.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Insect_vendor_in_Bangkok%2C_Thailand.JPG/250px-Insect_vendor_in_Bangkok%2C_Thailand.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Insect vendor in Bangkok</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Asia">West Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: West Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a></div> <p>In the West Asia, markets are known as <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a> or <a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">souks</a>. The earliest bazaars are believed to have originated in Persia, and spread to the rest of the Middle East and Europe from there. Documentary sources suggest that zoning policies confined trading to particular parts of a city from around 3,000 BCE, creating the conditions necessary for the emergence of a bazaar.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the ancient cities of Iran, three types of bazaar have been identified; periodic bazaars, urban bazaars, and local bazaars. <i>Periodic bazaars</i> could be organised anywhere and typically took place in open spaces and traded in specialities such as handicrafts, clothing, livestock and foodstuffs. These took place at regular intervals such as monthly or yearly. <i>Urban bazaars</i> were held in covered public walkways with shops or stores on both sides. Its architecture varied according to local conditions including climate, culture and the economic power of the city in which it was situated. Urban bazaars were places for commercial, social and cultural interactions. <i>Local bazaars</i>, held in specific districts of larger cities, were similar to urban bazaars, but on a smaller scale with fewer shops.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In pre-Islamic Arabia, markets took on two forms, permanent urban markets and temporary, seasonal markets often located in regional districts. Gradually, markets or bazaars gradually became central features of urban towns and were relocated to the city centre. Permanent markets are mentioned frequently in ancient literary sources.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Iran">Iran</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Markets in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> with historical or architectural significance include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Tehran" title="Grand Bazaar, Tehran">Grand Bazaar, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar_of_Kashan" title="Bazaar of Kashan">Bazaar of Kashan</a>, Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar_of_Isfahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazaar of Isfahan">Bazaar of Isfahan</a>, Iran – historic site which dates to Saljuqid and Safavid era and is the longest roofed market in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar_of_Tabriz" title="Bazaar of Tabriz">Bazaar of Tabriz</a>, Iran – historic site that originally developed along the ancient silk routes; listed as a World Heritage Site<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bazaar" title="Vakil Bazaar">Vakil Bazaar</a> in Shiraz, Iran</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isfahan_1200977_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isfahan Bazaar, Iran"><img alt="Isfahan Bazaar, Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Isfahan_1200977_nevit.jpg/120px-Isfahan_1200977_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Isfahan_1200977_nevit.jpg/250px-Isfahan_1200977_nevit.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Isfahan Bazaar, Iran</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan,_Kashan,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-19,_DD_86.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bazaar of Kashan, Kashan, Iran"><img alt="Bazaar of Kashan, Kashan, Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan%2C_Kashan%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-19%2C_DD_86.jpg/120px-Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan%2C_Kashan%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-19%2C_DD_86.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan%2C_Kashan%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-19%2C_DD_86.jpg/180px-Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan%2C_Kashan%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-19%2C_DD_86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan%2C_Kashan%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-19%2C_DD_86.jpg/240px-Antiguo_Bazar_de_Kashan%2C_Kashan%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-19%2C_DD_86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8608" data-file-height="5670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bazaar of Kashan, Kashan, Iran</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz, Iran"><img alt="Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz, Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG/120px-Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG/180px-Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG/240px-Carpet_Bazaar_of_Tabriz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz, Iran</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Israel">Israel</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hebrew word for market is <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shuk</i></span> (plural: <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shvakim</i></span>), and food markets are found in every major city. Famous markets include the <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Market" title="Carmel Market">Carmel Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_Market" title="Mahane Yehuda Market">Mahane Yehuda Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jaffa Bazaar in 1906"><img alt="Jaffa Bazaar in 1906" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg/120px-Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg/180px-Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg/240px-Jaffa_bazzar_1906-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jaffa Bazaar in 1906</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_(5676607844).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early-Morning Scene in Mahane Yehuda Market, Jerusalem"><img alt="Early-Morning Scene in Mahane Yehuda Market, Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_%285676607844%29.jpg/120px-Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_%285676607844%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_%285676607844%29.jpg/180px-Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_%285676607844%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_%285676607844%29.jpg/240px-Early-Morning_Scene_in_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_-_Jerusalem_-_Israel_%285676607844%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Early-Morning Scene in Mahane Yehuda Market, Jerusalem</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance Damascus Gate Market"><img alt="Entrance Damascus Gate Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG/120px-Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG/180px-Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG/240px-Old_Jerusalem_Damas_Gate_Market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance Damascus Gate Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to Nazareth market"><img alt="Entrance to Nazareth market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg/90px-Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg/135px-Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg/180px-Entrance_to_Nazareth_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to Nazareth market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acre_(Akko)_-_Israel_(24846804171).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkish Bazaar, Acre (Akko)"><img alt="Turkish Bazaar, Acre (Akko)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Acre_%28Akko%29_-_Israel_%2824846804171%29.jpg/120px-Acre_%28Akko%29_-_Israel_%2824846804171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Acre_%28Akko%29_-_Israel_%2824846804171%29.jpg/180px-Acre_%28Akko%29_-_Israel_%2824846804171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Acre_%28Akko%29_-_Israel_%2824846804171%29.jpg/240px-Acre_%28Akko%29_-_Israel_%2824846804171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turkish Bazaar, Acre (Akko)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Turkey">Turkey</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Street markets are called <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">pazar</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> and usually named after the name of the day since they are only installed at around 05:00 on that specific day and ended on same day around 18:00, in every week. Every district in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> has its own open market where people can choose and buy from a very wide range of products, from fresh fruits and vegetables to clothing, from traditional <a href="/wiki/Beyaz_peynir" title="Beyaz peynir">white cheese</a> (which some people may consider <a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">feta</a>-like), to household items. In <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> area <i>Wednesday Pazar</i> of <a href="/wiki/Fatih" title="Fatih">Fatih</a> district, <i>Tuesday Pazar</i> of <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kadıköy</a>, and <i>Friday Pazar</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ortak%C3%B6y" title="Ortaköy">Ortaköy</a> are the most popular and crowded open markets of the city. </p><p>A market with shops or permanent stalls is called <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">çarşı</i></span> and may include covered streets that are closed at night. Famous examples include the <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Kapalıçarşı</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Istanbul" title="Grand Bazaar, Istanbul">Grand Bazaar</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Spice_Bazaar,_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice Bazaar, Istanbul">Spice Bazaar</a> in Istanbul. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish market in Istanbul"><img alt="Fish market in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg/120px-Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg/180px-Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg/240px-Fish_market_in_Istanbul_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3929" data-file-height="2946" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish market in Istanbul</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_market_in_Istanbul_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish market in Istanbul"><img alt="Fish market in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fish_market_in_Istanbul_3.jpg/120px-Fish_market_in_Istanbul_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fish_market_in_Istanbul_3.jpg/250px-Fish_market_in_Istanbul_3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4005" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish market in Istanbul</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish market in Istanbul"><img alt="Fish market in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg/120px-Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg/180px-Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg/240px-Dried_fish_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3995" data-file-height="2873" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish market in Istanbul</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spices_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spices in Istanbul"><img alt="Spices in Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spices_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg/120px-Spices_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spices_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg/250px-Spices_at_the_market_in_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2877" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spices in Istanbul</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar,_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olives in Spice Bazaar"><img alt="Olives in Spice Bazaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg/90px-Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg/135px-Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg/180px-Olives_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4029" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Olives in Spice Bazaar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuts_in_Spice_Bazaar,_Istanbul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuts in Spice Bazaar"><img alt="Nuts in Spice Bazaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nuts_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg/120px-Nuts_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nuts_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg/250px-Nuts_in_Spice_Bazaar%2C_Istanbul.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3126" data-file-height="2382" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuts in Spice Bazaar</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Europe">Northern Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Northern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Denmark">Denmark</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Torvehallerne Market, Copenhagen – specializing in Nordic foods</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_(30267894558).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The inside of the Torvehallerne Market"><img alt="The inside of the Torvehallerne Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_%2830267894558%29.jpg/120px-Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_%2830267894558%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_%2830267894558%29.jpg/180px-Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_%2830267894558%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_%2830267894558%29.jpg/240px-Copenhagen_Torvehallerne_%2830267894558%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The inside of the Torvehallerne Market </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The outside of the Torvehallerne Market"><img alt="The outside of the Torvehallerne Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg/120px-20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg/180px-20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg/240px-20190709_copenhagen_jpeg2_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The outside of the Torvehallerne Market </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Finland">Finland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Helsinki" title="Market Square, Helsinki">Market Square, Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Kuopio" class="mw-redirect" title="Market Square, Kuopio">Market Square, Kuopio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Turku" title="Market Square, Turku">Market Square, Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammelantori" title="Tammelantori">Tammelantori</a>, Tampere</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_cheese_markets" title="Dutch cheese markets">Dutch cheese markets</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_Hall_(Rotterdam)" title="Market Hall (Rotterdam)">Markthal Market</a>, Rotterdam</li> <li>Vismarkt, Groningen</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit and vegetable market by Sybrand van Beest, 1652"><img alt="Fruit and vegetable market by Sybrand van Beest, 1652" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg/120px-Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg/180px-Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg/240px-Sybrand_van_Beest_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit and vegetable market by Sybrand van Beest, 1652</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alkmaar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cheese market in Alkmaar"><img alt="Cheese market in Alkmaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Alkmaar.jpg/120px-Alkmaar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Alkmaar.jpg/250px-Alkmaar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cheese market in Alkmaar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vrijmarkt_Den_Haag_Koninginnedag_30_april_2005_versie_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jumble sale in The Hague"><img alt="Jumble sale in The Hague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Vrijmarkt_Den_Haag_Koninginnedag_30_april_2005_versie_2.JPG/120px-Vrijmarkt_Den_Haag_Koninginnedag_30_april_2005_versie_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Vrijmarkt_Den_Haag_Koninginnedag_30_april_2005_versie_2.JPG/250px-Vrijmarkt_Den_Haag_Koninginnedag_30_april_2005_versie_2.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jumble_sale" title="Jumble sale">Jumble sale</a> in The Hague</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roermond_markt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market in Roermond"><img alt="Market in Roermond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Roermond_markt.jpg/120px-Roermond_markt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Roermond_markt.jpg/250px-Roermond_markt.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market in Roermond</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Latvia">Latvia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Latvia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riga_Central_Market" title="Riga Central Market">Riga Central Market</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riga_Central_Market_(47780146551).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit and vegetable pavilion of Riga Central Market"><img alt="Fruit and vegetable pavilion of Riga Central Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Riga_Central_Market_%2847780146551%29.jpg/120px-Riga_Central_Market_%2847780146551%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Riga_Central_Market_%2847780146551%29.jpg/250px-Riga_Central_Market_%2847780146551%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4492" data-file-height="2995" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit and vegetable pavilion of <a href="/wiki/Riga_Central_Market" title="Riga Central Market">Riga Central Market</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smoked_fish_in_Riga_main_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Smoked fish in Riga Central Market"><img alt="Smoked fish in Riga Central Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Smoked_fish_in_Riga_main_market.jpg/120px-Smoked_fish_in_Riga_main_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Smoked_fish_in_Riga_main_market.jpg/250px-Smoked_fish_in_Riga_main_market.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3338" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Smoked fish in Riga Central Market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Europe">Eastern Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Eastern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Romania">Romania</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Christmas market</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_market,_1869.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish Market at Bucharest by Amadeo Preziosi, 1869"><img alt="Fish Market at Bucharest by Amadeo Preziosi, 1869" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bucharest_market%2C_1869.jpg/120px-Bucharest_market%2C_1869.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bucharest_market%2C_1869.jpg/180px-Bucharest_market%2C_1869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bucharest_market%2C_1869.jpg/240px-Bucharest_market%2C_1869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish Market at Bucharest by Amadeo Preziosi, 1869</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Russia">Russia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Markets_in_Moscow" title="Markets in Moscow">Markets in Moscow</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besarabsky_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Besarabsky Market">Besarabsky Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pryvoz_Market" title="Pryvoz Market">Pryvoz Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-Kilometer_Market" title="Seventh-Kilometer Market">Seventh-Kilometer Market</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Europe">Central Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Central Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Austria">Austria</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_markets_in_Vienna" title="List of markets in Vienna">List of markets in Vienna</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naschmarkt" title="Naschmarkt">Naschmarkt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> – a 16th-century market</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Bstys" title="Městys">Městys</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hungary">Hungary</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Central Market Hall, Budapest – built in 1897, the largest market in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Market Hall in Budapest by Róbert Nádler, 1898"><img alt="Grand Market Hall in Budapest by Róbert Nádler, 1898" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg/120px-N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg/180px-N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg/240px-N%C3%A1dler_Grand_Market_Hall_in_Budapest_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3099" data-file-height="1727" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grand Market Hall in Budapest by Róbert Nádler, 1898</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Slovakia">Slovakia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Slovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market at Besztercebánya by Izsák Perlmutter, 1906"><img alt="Market at Besztercebánya by Izsák Perlmutter, 1906" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg/94px-Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg/142px-Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg/189px-Perlmutter_Market_at_Beszterceb%C3%A1nya_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="1115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market at Besztercebánya by Izsák Perlmutter, 1906</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner,_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market of Melons, Lajos, by Deák Ébner, n.d."><img alt="Market of Melons, Lajos, by Deák Ébner, n.d." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner%2C_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg/120px-De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner%2C_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner%2C_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg/180px-De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner%2C_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner%2C_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg/240px-De%C3%A1k_%C3%89bner%2C_Lajos_-_Market_of_Melons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2369" data-file-height="1549" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market of Melons, Lajos, by Deák Ébner, n.d.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Europe">Western Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Western Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Belgium">Belgium</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the rise of global trade in the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> became the largest market town in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Markt_(Antwerp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grote Markt (Antwerp)">Grote Markt, Antwerp</a></li> <li>Gare du Midi, Brusells – Sunday market</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="France">France</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_markets_in_Paris" class="extiw" title="commons:List of markets in Paris"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">List of markets in Paris</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <p>Paris was one of the first European cities to implement a system of formal, centralised and covered market places.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Les_Halles" title="Les Halles">Les Halles</a>, a vast centralised wholesale market, was known to be in existence at least by the 13th century when it was expanded, and was demolished in 1971 to make way for an underground shopping precinct. The French system of organised, designated central retail markets was extensively studied by architects in London with a view to emulating the system and ultimately eradicating the informal supply of produce via street vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Raspail Market, Paris</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="At the market stall, painting by Louise Moillon, 1609"><img alt="At the market stall, painting by Louise Moillon, 1609" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg/120px-Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg/180px-Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg/240px-Louise_Moillon_-_At_the_Market_Stall_-_WGA16074.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">At the market stall, painting by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Moillon" title="Louise Moillon">Louise Moillon</a>, 1609</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_market_rue_Mouffetard_St_Medard_dsc00727.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street market, Rue Mouffetard"><img alt="Street market, Rue Mouffetard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Street_market_rue_Mouffetard_St_Medard_dsc00727.jpg/120px-Street_market_rue_Mouffetard_St_Medard_dsc00727.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Street_market_rue_Mouffetard_St_Medard_dsc00727.jpg/250px-Street_market_rue_Mouffetard_St_Medard_dsc00727.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street market, <a href="/wiki/Rue_Mouffetard,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue Mouffetard, Paris">Rue Mouffetard</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flower market, Quai de l'Horloge"><img alt="Flower market, Quai de l'Horloge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg/120px-Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg/180px-Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg/240px-Georges_Stein_Flower_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flower market, Quai de l'Horloge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rue Debelleyme, second-hand market"><img alt="Rue Debelleyme, second-hand market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Rue_Debelleyme._March%C3%A9._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="2372" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rue Debelleyme, second-hand market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:March%C3%A9_Saint-Quentin_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Saint-Quentin, 2016"><img alt="Market Saint-Quentin, 2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/March%C3%A9_Saint-Quentin_2016.jpg/120px-March%C3%A9_Saint-Quentin_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/March%C3%A9_Saint-Quentin_2016.jpg/250px-March%C3%A9_Saint-Quentin_2016.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market Saint-Quentin, 2016</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Germany">Germany</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Weekly_Markets_in_Munich" title="Weekly Markets in Munich">Weekly Markets in Munich</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Market_halls_in_Berlin" title="Market halls in Berlin">Market halls in Berlin</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christkindlesmarkt,_Nuremberg" title="Christkindlesmarkt, Nuremberg">Christkindlesmarkt, Nuremberg</a>, (Christmas market), Germany</li> <li>Markthalle IX, Berlin, Germany – built in 1891</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striezelmarkt" title="Striezelmarkt">Striezelmarkt</a> Dresden, Germany</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Figures on the Market Square in Front of the Martinikirche Braunschweig, by Cornelis Springer, 1874"><img alt="Figures on the Market Square in Front of the Martinikirche Braunschweig, by Cornelis Springer, 1874" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg/97px-Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg/145px-Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg/193px-Springer_Cornelis_Many_Figures_On_The_Market_Square_In_Front_Of_The_Martinikirche_Braunschweig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Figures on the Market Square in Front of the Martinikirche Braunschweig</i>, by Cornelis Springer, 1874</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Background_and_licensing">Background and licensing</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Background and licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of retail markets are operated by the public sector and administered by local governments. A small number are operated by private groups or individuals. Traders can be licensed to trade on a single pitch but not at a national level or when trading on private land. This piecemeal licensing system has contributed to declining public confidence in the reputation of markets. A voluntary scheme has been set up by The Market People, backed by the National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA) to address this problem. It provides consumers with traceability of traders and goods as well as the ability to rate and contact the traders. A MarketPASS is issued to an operator or trader, once they have provided proof of identity, insurance and, where required, a hygiene certificate. </p><p>A study conducted by the Retail Alliance noted that Britain had 1,124 traditional retail markets, 605 farmers' markets, 26 wholesale markets and more than 45,700 retail traders and that retail markets had an annual turnover of over £3.5 billion while wholesale markets had turnover of £4.1 billion annually. The data also shows that traditional outdoor street markets continue to dominate the market space, but are in decline.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markets also have significant appeal for tourists and visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some researchers make a distinction between <i>traditional markets</i> and <i>gentrified markets.</i> Traditional markets which are primarily held outdoors on specific days, focus on high volume produce sold with low margins. In the gentrified market, the focus is on specialty produce, notably organic foods, hyper-local produce, artisanal products, vintage clothing, or designer brands. Whereas traditional markets are in decline, gentrified markets represent a major growth opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Smithfield Market painting by Jacques-Laurent Agasse, 1824"><img alt="Old Smithfield Market painting by Jacques-Laurent Agasse, 1824" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Jacques-Laurent_Agasse_-_Old_Smithfield_Market_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6024" data-file-height="4451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old Smithfield Market painting by Jacques-Laurent Agasse, 1824</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Square_in_1853,_Portsmouth,_NH.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Square in Portsmouth, 1853"><img alt="Market Square in Portsmouth, 1853" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Market_Square_in_1853%2C_Portsmouth%2C_NH.jpg/120px-Market_Square_in_1853%2C_Portsmouth%2C_NH.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Market_Square_in_1853%2C_Portsmouth%2C_NH.jpg/250px-Market_Square_in_1853%2C_Portsmouth%2C_NH.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market Square in Portsmouth, 1853</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="London's Leadenhall market (exterior), 1881"><img alt="London's Leadenhall market (exterior), 1881" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg/85px-Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg/128px-Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg/171px-Leadenhall_Market_entrance_Illustrated_London_New_1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">London's Leadenhall market (exterior), 1881</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Day_in_Stockport_1910s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Day in Stockport, 1910s"><img alt="Market Day in Stockport, 1910s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Market_Day_in_Stockport_1910s.jpg/120px-Market_Day_in_Stockport_1910s.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Market_Day_in_Stockport_1910s.jpg/250px-Market_Day_in_Stockport_1910s.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="849" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market Day in Stockport, 1910s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bryant,_Henry_Charles_-_The_Market_Stall_-_20th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Market Stall by Henry Charles Bryant, early 20th century"><img alt="The Market Stall by Henry Charles Bryant, early 20th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bryant%2C_Henry_Charles_-_The_Market_Stall_-_20th_century.jpg/120px-Bryant%2C_Henry_Charles_-_The_Market_Stall_-_20th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bryant%2C_Henry_Charles_-_The_Market_Stall_-_20th_century.jpg/250px-Bryant%2C_Henry_Charles_-_The_Market_Stall_-_20th_century.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Market Stall</i> by Henry Charles Bryant, early 20th century</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England's_chartered_markets_and_fairs"><span id="England.27s_chartered_markets_and_fairs"></span>England's chartered markets and fairs</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: England's chartered markets and fairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 11th century, the English monarchs awarded a charter to local lords to create markets and fairs for a town or village. A charter granted the lords the right to take tolls from vendors and also afforded some protection to a town from rival markets. Once a chartered market was granted for specific market days, a nearby rival market could not open on the same days.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Across the boroughs of England, a network of chartered markets sprang up between the 12th and 16th centuries, giving consumers reasonable choice in the markets they preferred to patronise.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradually these market towns developed a reputation for quality or for trade in specific types of goods. Today, traders and showmen jealously guard these historic charters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="County_markets">County markets</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: County markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covered_Market,_Oxford" title="Covered Market, Oxford">Covered Market, Oxford</a>, Oxfordshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_Market,_Preston" title="Covered Market, Preston">Covered Market, Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Kirkgate_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Kirkgate Market">Leeds Kirkgate Market</a>, Yorkshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Market,_Bristol" title="Old Market, Bristol">Old Market, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Market,_Hove" title="The Old Market, Hove">The Old Market, Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Harborough" title="Market Harborough">Market Harborough</a>, Leicestershire</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salisbury chartered market"><img alt="Salisbury chartered market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg/120px-Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg/250px-Salisbury_Market_20040724.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salisbury chartered market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sedbergh chartered market"><img alt="Sedbergh chartered market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg/120px-Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg/180px-Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg/240px-Sedbergh_charter_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sedbergh chartered market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Square,_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market Square, Huntingdon"><img alt="Market Square, Huntingdon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Market_Square%2C_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg/120px-Market_Square%2C_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Market_Square%2C_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg/180px-Market_Square%2C_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Market_Square%2C_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg/240px-Market_Square%2C_Huntingdon_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1429707.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market Square, Huntingdon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northampton Market is thought to be England's oldest continuously operating chartered market"><img alt="Northampton Market is thought to be England's oldest continuously operating chartered market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg/120px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg/180px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg/240px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Northampton Market is thought to be England's oldest continuously operating chartered market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altrincham,_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altrincham, Chartered Market"><img alt="Altrincham, Chartered Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Altrincham%2C_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg/120px-Altrincham%2C_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Altrincham%2C_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg/180px-Altrincham%2C_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Altrincham%2C_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg/240px-Altrincham%2C_Charter_Market_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1313227.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Altrincham, Chartered Market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="London">London</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Retail_markets_in_London" title="Category:Retail markets in London">Category:Retail markets in London</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_market_towns_in_London" title="List of market towns in London">List of market towns in London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_market_constabularies" title="City of London market constabularies">City of London market constabularies</a></div> <p>Between the 13th century and the Great Fire of 1666, London's main market was the <a href="/wiki/Stocks_Market" title="Stocks Market">Stocks Market</a>, "on the site of the fixed pillory where traders were punished who fell foul of the Assize Courts". The Stocks Market was removed in 1737 as part of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a>'s plans to rebuild the city. New wholesale markets were erected in strategic locations and these prospered until well into the 19th century with some continuing until modern times. The wholesale markets were highly controlled, closed environments that were minutely regulated and meticulously planned. These included <a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_London" title="Smithfield, London">Smithfield Meat Market</a> (built in 1866), <a href="/wiki/Billingsgate_Fish_Market" title="Billingsgate Fish Market">Billingsgate Fish Market</a> (constructed in 1875) and <a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a> (completed in 1881). The retail trade was largely serviced by itinerant street sellers or <a href="/wiki/Costermonger" title="Costermonger">costermongers</a>. In central London, costermongers worked along designated routes, selling door-to-door or by trading from some 36 unauthorised, but highly organised markets situated along major thoroughfares or meeting places such as <a href="/wiki/Whitecross_Street" title="Whitecross Street">Whitecross Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a> and Leather Lane. In an attempt to regulate street trading, a number of authorised retail markets were built during the 19th century with limited success. Examples of retail markets constructed during this period include: St James, St George's (Southwark), <a href="/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Market" title="Hungerford Market">Hungerford</a>, Randall's (<a href="/wiki/Poplar,_London" title="Poplar, London">Poplar, London</a>), Fitzroy, Finsbury, and the People's Market (Whitechapel), <a href="/wiki/Angela_Burdett-Coutts,_1st_Baroness_Burdett-Coutts" title="Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts">Angela Burdett-Coutts'</a> Market and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Road_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Road Market">Columbia Road Market</a> (now a flower market). Retail markets were less successful than their wholesale counterparts and the number of retail markets declined from 24 in 1800 to 17 in 1840. In reality, London's working classes generally preferred the convenience of street trading which continued to thrive until the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles Knight devoted an entire section to markets in his pictorial essay, <i>Pictorial Half-hours of London Topography</i>, (1851) in which he identifies the main wholesale markets as the Corn Market; the Coal Exchange; Billingsgate – the main fish market; Smithfield – a cattle market since at least 1150. Retail meat markets include Newgate; Whitechapel; Newgate; Newport, Oxford; St George's, and Shepherd's Market in Mayfair. Produce markets included Covent Garden, which Knight considered to be the 'pre-eminent' vegetable market; Farringdon Market between Holborn Hill and Fleet Street; Spitalfields, the largest potato market in London; Portman Market; Hungerford Market; and Leadenhall Market, a mixed produce and meat market. In addition, the Skin Market at Bermondsey dealt in leather and hay markets were held at Whitechapel, Cumberland Market, Regent's Park, and Smithfield.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some examples of street markets operating today include <a href="/wiki/Berwick_Street_Market" title="Berwick Street Market">Berwick Street Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Market,_London" title="Broadway Market, London">Broadway Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Street_Market" title="East Street Market">East Street Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Petticoat Lane">Petticoat Lane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road#Portobello_Road_Market" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road Market</a>. The most popular for food is <a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a> which sell most fresh produce as well as having a bakery. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old-Covent-Garden-Market,-1825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Covent Garden market, illustration by George Johann Scharf circa 1820"><img alt="Covent Garden market, illustration by George Johann Scharf circa 1820" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Old-Covent-Garden-Market%2C-1825.jpg/120px-Old-Covent-Garden-Market%2C-1825.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Old-Covent-Garden-Market%2C-1825.jpg/180px-Old-Covent-Garden-Market%2C-1825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Old-Covent-Garden-Market%2C-1825.jpg/240px-Old-Covent-Garden-Market%2C-1825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Covent Garden market, illustration by <a href="/wiki/George_Johann_Scharf" title="George Johann Scharf">George Johann Scharf</a> circa 1820</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leadenhall Market from the Illustrated London News, 1881"><img alt="Leadenhall Market from the Illustrated London News, 1881" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg/85px-Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg/128px-Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg/170px-Leadenhall_Market_Illustrated_London_News_1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leadenhall Market from the <i>Illustrated London News</i>, 1881</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leadenhall_Market_In_London_-_Feb_2006_rotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leadenhall Market (interior), 2006"><img alt="Leadenhall Market (interior), 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Leadenhall_Market_In_London_-_Feb_2006_rotated.jpg/120px-Leadenhall_Market_In_London_-_Feb_2006_rotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Leadenhall_Market_In_London_-_Feb_2006_rotated.jpg/250px-Leadenhall_Market_In_London_-_Feb_2006_rotated.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="1792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leadenhall Market (interior), 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_(unk).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billingsgate Fish Market, circa 1808"><img alt="Billingsgate Fish Market, circa 1808" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_%28unk%29.jpg/120px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_%28unk%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_%28unk%29.jpg/180px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_%28unk%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_%28unk%29.jpg/240px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_009_-_Billingsgate_Market_%28unk%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Billingsgate Fish Market, circa 1808</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billingsgate Fish Market, interior, 1876"><img alt="Billingsgate Fish Market, interior, 1876" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg/120px-Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg/180px-Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg/240px-Billingsgate_Fish_Market._Interior_ILN_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Billingsgate Fish Market, interior, 1876</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Rowlandson_-_Rag_Fair_or_Rosemary_Lane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rag Fair (now Petticoat Lane Market) by Thomas Rowlandson, late 18th century"><img alt="Rag Fair (now Petticoat Lane Market) by Thomas Rowlandson, late 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Thomas_Rowlandson_-_Rag_Fair_or_Rosemary_Lane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Thomas_Rowlandson_-_Rag_Fair_or_Rosemary_Lane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Thomas_Rowlandson_-_Rag_Fair_or_Rosemary_Lane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Thomas_Rowlandson_-_Rag_Fair_or_Rosemary_Lane_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5995" data-file-height="4093" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rag Fair (now Petticoat Lane Market) by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rowlandson" title="Thomas Rowlandson">Thomas Rowlandson</a>, late 18th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petticoat_Lane_London_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Petticoat Lane Market, London, 1971"><img alt="Petticoat Lane Market, London, 1971" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Petticoat_Lane_London_1971.jpg/120px-Petticoat_Lane_London_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Petticoat_Lane_London_1971.jpg/250px-Petticoat_Lane_London_1971.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Petticoat Lane Market, London, 1971</div> </li> </ul> <p><b>Wholesale markets in London</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Covent_Garden_Market" title="New Covent Garden Market">New Covent Garden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Billingsgate_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Billingsgate Market">Old Billingsgate Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_London" title="Smithfield, London">Smithfield Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spitalfields_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Spitalfields market">Spitalfields Market</a></li></ul> <p><b>Retail markets in London</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_Market" title="Bermondsey Market">Bermondsey Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Lane_Market" title="Brick Lane Market">Brick Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Market,_London" title="Broadway Market, London">Broadway Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalton_Street_Market" title="Chalton Street Market">Chalton Street Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlham_Street_Market" title="Earlham Street Market">Earlham Street Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Street_Market" title="Inverness Street Market">Inverness Street Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Farmers%27_Market" title="Islington Farmers' Market">Islington Farmers' Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodge_Place_Market" title="Goodge Place Market">Goodge Place Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Market">Greenwich Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Market" title="Hungerford Market">Hungerford Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_Lane_Market" title="Leather Lane Market">Leather Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Market" title="Piccadilly Market">Piccadilly Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plender_Street_Market" title="Plender Street Market">Plender Street Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Crescent_Market" title="Queen's Crescent Market">Queen's Crescent Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Cottage_Market" title="Swiss Cottage Market">Swiss Cottage Market</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_Europe">Southern Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Southern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Greece">Greece</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laiki_agora" title="Laiki agora">Laiki agora</a></div> <p>Street markets in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> are called <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">laikes agores</i></span> (<i><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">λαϊκές αγορές</span></span></i>) in plural, or <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">laiki agora</i></span> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">λαϊκή αγορά</span></span>) in singular, meaning "<i>people's market</i>". They are very common all over Greece, including the capital, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. Regular (weekly) morning markets sell mostly fresh produce from farming cooperatives – fruit, vegetables, fish, and flowers/plants. Some household items and prepared foods are often available. </p><p>Annual street markets (<span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">panigyri(a)</i></span>) occur around churches on the day of their patron saint. These take place in the evenings and have a more festive character, often involving attractions and food stalls. The goods sold range from clothing and accessories to household items, furniture, toys, and trinkets. Athens also has several bazaars/enclosed markets. </p> <ul><li>New Market (Nea Agora), Rhodes Island, Greece</li> <li>Central Municipal Market, Athinas Street, Athens - a 19th-century market</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Italy">Italy</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_areas_and_markets_in_Rome" title="List of shopping areas and markets in Rome">List of shopping areas and markets in Rome</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_squares_in_Florence" title="List of squares in Florence">List of squares in Florence</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de%27_Fiori" title="Campo de' Fiori">Campo de' Fiori</a>, Rome</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mercato del Vino Chiatia Classico Gallo Nero</i></span> – seasonal wine fair, Greve, Chianti<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mostra Mercato Internazionale dell'Artigiano</i></span> – seasonal handicrafts market, Fortezza da Basso<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mostra Mercato Internazionale dell'Antiquaratio</i></span> – seasonal antiques' market, Palazzo Shrozzi</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mercato centrale di San Lorenzo</i></span>, Florence<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Testaccio Market, Rome</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Ancient_and_historic_Italian_market_places">Ancient and historic Italian market places</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Ancient and historic Italian market places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Market" title="Trajan's Market">Trajan's Market</a>, Rome – ruins of ancient market place</li> <li>Loggia de Mercato Nuovo, Florence, built between 1547 and 1551 by Giovanni Battista del Tasso and is currently under restoration<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Loggia de Mercado Vecchio, now demolished</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loggia del pesce, Mercato Vecchi, before its demolition in the 1880s"><img alt="Loggia del pesce, Mercato Vecchi, before its demolition in the 1880s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg/120px-Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg/250px-Loggia_del_pesce_before_1880.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Loggia del pesce, Mercato Vecchi, before its demolition in the 1880s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telemaco_Signorini,_La_Via_del_fuoco,_1881_circa_38,8x65cm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Via del Fuoco and Mercato Vecchio, painting by Telemaco Signorini, c. 1881"><img alt="La Via del Fuoco and Mercato Vecchio, painting by Telemaco Signorini, c. 1881" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Telemaco_Signorini%2C_La_Via_del_fuoco%2C_1881_circa_38%2C8x65cm.jpg/120px-Telemaco_Signorini%2C_La_Via_del_fuoco%2C_1881_circa_38%2C8x65cm.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Telemaco_Signorini%2C_La_Via_del_fuoco%2C_1881_circa_38%2C8x65cm.jpg/180px-Telemaco_Signorini%2C_La_Via_del_fuoco%2C_1881_circa_38%2C8x65cm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Telemaco_Signorini%2C_La_Via_del_fuoco%2C_1881_circa_38%2C8x65cm.jpg/240px-Telemaco_Signorini%2C_La_Via_del_fuoco%2C_1881_circa_38%2C8x65cm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La Via del Fuoco and Mercato Vecchio, painting by Telemaco Signorini, c. 1881</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loggia_del_mercato_nuovo_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Loggia del Mercato Nuovo in 2008 (exterior)"><img alt="Loggia del Mercato Nuovo in 2008 (exterior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Loggia_del_mercato_nuovo_01.JPG/120px-Loggia_del_mercato_nuovo_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Loggia_del_mercato_nuovo_01.JPG/250px-Loggia_del_mercato_nuovo_01.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Loggia del Mercato Nuovo in 2008 (exterior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trajansmarkt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trajan's Market, Rome (ruins)"><img alt="Trajan's Market, Rome (ruins)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trajansmarkt.jpg/120px-Trajansmarkt.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trajansmarkt.jpg/250px-Trajansmarkt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trajan's Market, Rome (ruins)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_Market_(4724888221).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to Market place, Pompeii"><img alt="Entrance to Market place, Pompeii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompeii_Market_%284724888221%29.jpg/80px-Pompeii_Market_%284724888221%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompeii_Market_%284724888221%29.jpg/120px-Pompeii_Market_%284724888221%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompeii_Market_%284724888221%29.jpg/160px-Pompeii_Market_%284724888221%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to Market place, Pompeii</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Spain">Spain</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Spain, two types of retail market can be identified; permanent markets and periodic markets. <i>Permanent markets</i> are typically housed in a building dedicated to the use of stallholders and vendors. <i>Periodic markets</i> appear in the streets and plazas on specific days, such as weekends or festival days and most often sell products made by local artisans including leather goods, fashion accessories, especially scarves and costume jewellery. Vendors at periodic markets typically erect tents or canvas awnings to provide some type of temporary cover for themselves and shoppers. Produce markets, farmers' markets and flea markets are all commonplace. In addition, street vendors are a relatively common sight across most parts of Spain. Street vendors roam around in search of a suitable venue such as a plaza, entrance to a railway station or beach front where they lay their goods out on mats. Products sold by street vendors are of highly variable quality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Barcelona">Barcelona</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Barcelona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_markets_in_Barcelona" title="List of markets in Barcelona">List of markets in Barcelona</a></div> <p>The first reliable recorded references to markets in Barcelona date to the 10th century. Barcelona, at that time, was a walled city and the first open-air market was held outside the walls, (in the area now known as <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">Plaça de l'Àngel</i></span>). A merchant district soon grew up around the market. During the 19th century, numerous covered markets were erected, specifically Santa Caterina Market (1844); Sant Josep (c. 1840), Llibertat (1875), Sant Antoni (1882), Barceloneta (1884), Concepció and Hostafrancs (1888), Clot and Poblenou (1889), and Abaceria in Gracia (1892).<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The citation is not specific enough to facilitate source verification (January 2024)">not specific enough to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> residents are well served by the city's 39 produce markets. Every barri (suburb) has at least one fresh produce market. It is often said that no matter where you find yourself in Barcelona, you are never more than 10 minutes walk from a market. Barcelona's markets attract some 62 million visits yearly, turnover €950 million and employ 7,500 people.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the larger produce markets still in operation include: Mercat de <a href="/wiki/La_Boqueria" title="La Boqueria">La Boqueria</a> in El Raval; Mercat de Sant Antoni in Sant Antoni; Mercat de Sant Andreu in Sant Andreu; <a href="/wiki/Mercat_de_Santa_Caterina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercat de Santa Caterina">Mercat de Santa Caterina</a> in L'Eixample, Mercat del Ninot in L'Eixample; Mercat de la Concepció also in L'Eixample; Mercat de la Llibertat in Gràcia; Mercat de Sants in Sants-Montjuïc; Mercat de Galvany in Sarrià-Sant Gervasi; Mercat de Vall d'Hebron. In addition, Barcelona offers many non-food markets including the street market; La Rambla de les Flors; Dominical de Sant Antoni; Encants de Sant Antoni; and Mercat Encants Barcelona - Fira de Bellcaire. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelona_2015_10_10_0465_(22518828424).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main entrance to the Mercat de San Josep, known simply as La Boqueria"><img alt="Main entrance to the Mercat de San Josep, known simply as La Boqueria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Barcelona_2015_10_10_0465_%2822518828424%29.jpg/120px-Barcelona_2015_10_10_0465_%2822518828424%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Barcelona_2015_10_10_0465_%2822518828424%29.jpg/250px-Barcelona_2015_10_10_0465_%2822518828424%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main entrance to the Mercat de San Josep, known simply as La Boqueria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Boqueria.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit display at Mercat de La Boqueria in La Rambla, Barcelona"><img alt="Fruit display at Mercat de La Boqueria in La Rambla, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/La_Boqueria.JPG/120px-La_Boqueria.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/La_Boqueria.JPG/250px-La_Boqueria.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit display at Mercat de <a href="/wiki/La_Boqueria" title="La Boqueria">La Boqueria</a> in La Rambla, Barcelona</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercat de Santa Caterina, Barcelona"><img alt="Mercat de Santa Caterina, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg/120px-Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg/180px-Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg/240px-Mercado_de_Santa_Caterina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercat de Santa Caterina, Barcelona</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercat_S_Antoni_25-8-13.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercat de San Antoni, Barcelona"><img alt="Mercat de San Antoni, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mercat_S_Antoni_25-8-13.JPG/120px-Mercat_S_Antoni_25-8-13.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mercat_S_Antoni_25-8-13.JPG/250px-Mercat_S_Antoni_25-8-13.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercat de San Antoni, Barcelona</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sant_Jordi_2007_Matar%C3%B3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Street market at Sant Jordi, Mataró"><img alt="Street market at Sant Jordi, Mataró" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sant_Jordi_2007_Matar%C3%B3.JPG/120px-Sant_Jordi_2007_Matar%C3%B3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sant_Jordi_2007_Matar%C3%B3.JPG/250px-Sant_Jordi_2007_Matar%C3%B3.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street market at Sant Jordi, Mataró</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Bilbao">Bilbao</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Bilbao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_de_la_Ribera" title="Mercado de la Ribera">Mercado de la Ribera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Madrid">Madrid</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Madrid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main markets in central Madrid are San Anton Market; <a href="/wiki/Market_of_San_Miguel" title="Market of San Miguel">San Miguel Market</a>, a gourmet tapas market; Cámera Agraria (Madrid Farmers' Market); and <a href="/wiki/El_Rastro" title="El Rastro">El Rastro</a>, the largest open air flea market. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado de San Miguel (interior)"><img alt="Mercado de San Miguel (interior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG/120px-Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG/180px-Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG/240px-Mercado_de_San_Miguel_-_RI-51-0010569_-.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado de San Miguel (interior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_market_in_December,_Madrid.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Night market in December, Madrid"><img alt="Night market in December, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Night_market_in_December%2C_Madrid.JPG/120px-Night_market_in_December%2C_Madrid.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Night_market_in_December%2C_Madrid.JPG/180px-Night_market_in_December%2C_Madrid.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Night_market_in_December%2C_Madrid.JPG/240px-Night_market_in_December%2C_Madrid.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Night market in December, Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado de San Anton, Madrid"><img alt="Mercado de San Anton, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg/120px-Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg/180px-Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg/240px-Madrid_-_Mercado_de_San_Anton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado de San Anton, Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_de_Maravillas,_calle_Bravo_Murillo,_Madrid.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado de Maravillas, calle Bravo Murillo, Madrid"><img alt="Mercado de Maravillas, calle Bravo Murillo, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mercado_de_Maravillas%2C_calle_Bravo_Murillo%2C_Madrid.JPG/120px-Mercado_de_Maravillas%2C_calle_Bravo_Murillo%2C_Madrid.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mercado_de_Maravillas%2C_calle_Bravo_Murillo%2C_Madrid.JPG/180px-Mercado_de_Maravillas%2C_calle_Bravo_Murillo%2C_Madrid.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mercado_de_Maravillas%2C_calle_Bravo_Murillo%2C_Madrid.JPG/240px-Mercado_de_Maravillas%2C_calle_Bravo_Murillo%2C_Madrid.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado de Maravillas, <a href="/wiki/Calle_Bravo_Murillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Calle Bravo Murillo">calle Bravo Murillo</a>, Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rastro_de_Madrid_(Espa%C3%B1a)_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="El Rastro Madrid, the largest flea market"><img alt="El Rastro Madrid, the largest flea market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rastro_de_Madrid_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29_6.jpg/120px-Rastro_de_Madrid_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rastro_de_Madrid_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29_6.jpg/180px-Rastro_de_Madrid_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rastro_de_Madrid_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29_6.jpg/240px-Rastro_de_Madrid_%28Espa%C3%B1a%29_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/El_Rastro" title="El Rastro">El Rastro</a> Madrid, the largest flea market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Valencia">Valencia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Valencia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mercat or <a href="/wiki/Mercado_Central,_Valencia" title="Mercado Central, Valencia">Mercado Central</a> is the main public market in <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>. Built at the turn of the twentieth century, the building combines Gothic and Art Nouveau architectural features. Popular with both locals and visitors, a distinctive feature is the quality of fresh fish and seafood, which once purchased can be taken to the street stalls around the perimeter of the market who will cook it to order. The <a href="/wiki/Mercado_de_Col%C3%B3n" title="Mercado de Colón">Mercado de Colón</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eixample,_Valencia" title="Eixample, Valencia">Eixample, Valencia</a> is also a very popular fresh produce market. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado Central (exterior)"><img alt="Mercado Central (exterior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG/120px-Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG/180px-Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG/240px-Mercado_Central_de_Valencia1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado Central (exterior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_Central,_Valencia,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2014-06-30,_DD_118.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado Central, Valencia (interior)"><img alt="Mercado Central, Valencia (interior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mercado_Central%2C_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2014-06-30%2C_DD_118.JPG/120px-Mercado_Central%2C_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2014-06-30%2C_DD_118.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mercado_Central%2C_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2014-06-30%2C_DD_118.JPG/250px-Mercado_Central%2C_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2014-06-30%2C_DD_118.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4481" data-file-height="3602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado Central, Valencia (interior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado de Colón (exterior)"><img alt="Mercado de Colón (exterior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG/120px-Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG/180px-Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG/240px-Mercado_de_Colon_113.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado de Colón (exterior)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado de Colón (interior)"><img alt="Mercado de Colón (interior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg/120px-WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg/180px-WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg/240px-WLM14ES_-_MERCADODE_COL%C3%93N_DE_VALENCIA_05072008_181508_00002_-_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado de Colón (interior)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Seville">Seville</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Seville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular markets in Seville include the Triana market and the Central market housed within the <a href="/wiki/Metropol_Parasol" title="Metropol Parasol">Metropol Parasol</a> complex. In addition, Seville offers many smaller neighbourhood markets such as Mercado de la Calle Feria and Mercado de la Encarnación. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado Triana (Triana Market)"><img alt="Mercado Triana (Triana Market)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg/120px-Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg/180px-Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg/240px-Mercado_triana_2016002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado Triana (Triana Market)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosaic sign for the Triana Market"><img alt="Mosaic sign for the Triana Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG/120px-Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG/180px-Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG/240px-Mosaicodelmercadodetriana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosaic sign for the Triana Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish vendor at the Mercado Triana"><img alt="Fish vendor at the Mercado Triana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg/120px-Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg/180px-Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg/240px-Mercado_triana_2015001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5283" data-file-height="3522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish vendor at the Mercado Triana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado Encarnación"><img alt="Mercado Encarnación" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg/120px-Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg/180px-Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg/240px-Mercado_encarnaci%C3%B3n_2015001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado Encarnación</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeastern_Europe_(Balkans)"><span id="Southeastern_Europe_.28Balkans.29"></span>Southeastern Europe (Balkans)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Southeastern Europe (Balkans)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Croatia">Croatia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, a farmer's market is formally known as <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">tržnica</i></span>, and colloquially as <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">pijaca</i></span>, <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">plac</i></span>, or <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">pazar</i></span> depending on the region and dialect. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolac_Market" title="Dolac Market">Dolac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Serbia">Serbia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, a farmer's market is formally known as <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">tržnica</i></span>, and colloquially as <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">pijaca</i></span>, <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">plac</i></span>, or <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">pazar</i></span> depending on region and dialect. The markets in large cities are open daily, including Sunday, from around 5 or 6 am to mid-afternoon. In smaller towns, markets often open once a week, on a specific day known as <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">pazarni dan</i></span>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleni%C4%87_(Belgrade)#Kaleni.C4.87_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalenić (Belgrade)">Kalenić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studentski_Trg#Great_Market" title="Studentski Trg">Great Market</a>, Belgrade – Built in around 1854<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vračar Square (Square of Flowers), Belgrade</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Market" title="Atwater Market">Atwater Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByWard_Market" title="ByWard Market">ByWard Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forks,_Winnipeg" title="The Forks, Winnipeg">The Forks Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg, Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Island" title="Granville Island">Granville Island</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Talon_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Talon Market">Jean Talon Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Market" title="Kensington Market">Kensington Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_Quay" title="Lonsdale Quay">Lonsdale Quay</a> – <a href="/wiki/North_Vancouver_(city)" title="North Vancouver (city)">North Vancouver, British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Market" title="St. Lawrence Market">St. Lawrence Market</a> – Toronto, Ontario</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Westminster,_British_Columbia#Westminster_Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="New Westminster, British Columbia">Westminster Quay</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Westminster,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="New Westminster, British Columbia">New Westminster, British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markham_Village,_Ontario#Main_Street_Markham_Farmers'_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Markham Village, Ontario">Main Street Markham Farmers' Market</a> (Seasonal) – <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionville,_Ontario#Stiver_Mills_Farmers'_Market_and_Stiver_Mills" title="Unionville, Ontario">Stiver Mills Farmers' Market</a> (Seasonal) - <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener_Farmer%27s_Market" title="Kitchener Farmer's Market">Kitchener Farmer's Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Jacobs_Farmers%27_Market" title="St. Jacobs Farmers' Market">St. Jacobs Farmers' Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Jacobs,_Ontario" title="St. Jacobs, Ontario">St. Jacobs, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornhill,_Ontario#Farmer's_Market" title="Thornhill, Ontario">York Farmers Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downsview_Park" title="Downsview Park">Downsview Park Farmers Market</a> – Toronto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_City_Market" title="Saint John City Market">Saint John City Market</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a></li></ul> <p>Historic markets that have been converted to other uses include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Market" title="St. Patrick's Market">St. Patrick's Market</a>, Toronto – retail building</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Market_and_Playground" title="St. Andrew's Market and Playground">St. Andrew's Market</a>, Toronto – demolished 1937 and site of water works and park</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Public market at place Jacques-Cartier in Montreal, Quebec in 1940"><img alt="Public market at place Jacques-Cartier in Montreal, Quebec in 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg/120px-Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg/180px-Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg/240px-Feature._Bonsecours_Market_BAnQ_P48S1P05249.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Public market at <a href="/wiki/Place_Jacques-Cartier" title="Place Jacques-Cartier">place Jacques-Cartier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> in 1940</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cambridge Farmers Market"><img alt="Cambridge Farmers Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg/120px-Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg/180px-Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg/240px-Cambridge_Farmers_Market_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cambridge Farmers Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="City Market, St Johns"><img alt="City Market, St Johns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Market_002.JPG/120px-Market_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Market_002.JPG/250px-Market_002.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">City Market, St Johns</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building,_2010_July_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Jacobs Farmers Market"><img alt="St. Jacobs Farmers Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building%2C_2010_July_10.jpg/120px-St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building%2C_2010_July_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building%2C_2010_July_10.jpg/180px-St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building%2C_2010_July_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building%2C_2010_July_10.jpg/240px-St._Jacobs_Farmers_Market_food_building%2C_2010_July_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="2017" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Jacobs Farmers Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F2248539.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arctic Market, Inuvik, Canada"><img alt="Arctic Market, Inuvik, Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/F2248539.jpg/120px-F2248539.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/F2248539.jpg/180px-F2248539.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/F2248539.jpg/240px-F2248539.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arctic Market, Inuvik, Canada</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Traditional_fixed_markets_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional fixed markets in Mexico">Traditional fixed markets in Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_fixed_markets_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular fixed markets in Mexico">Popular fixed markets in Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianguis" title="Tianguis">Tianguis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambulantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambulantes">Ambulantes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Street_vendors_in_Mexico_City" title="Street vendors in Mexico City">Street vendors in Mexico City</a></div> <p>Since 2014, gourmet <a href="/wiki/Food_halls" class="mw-redirect" title="Food halls">food halls</a> have also sprung up in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Mercado_Roma" title="Mercado Roma">Mercado Roma</a>. Some traditional markets include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Jamaica,_Mexico_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercado Jamaica, Mexico City">Mercado Jamaica, Mexico City</a>, a traditional market in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_de_Sonora" title="Mercado de Sonora">Mercado de Sonora</a>, a traditional market in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_Dios_Market" title="San Juan de Dios Market">San Juan de Dios Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murales_Rivera_-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Market in Tlatelolco, mural by Diego Rivera"><img alt="Market in Tlatelolco, mural by Diego Rivera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Murales_Rivera_-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_2.jpg/120px-Murales_Rivera_-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Murales_Rivera_-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_2.jpg/250px-Murales_Rivera_-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Market in Tlatelolco, mural by Diego Rivera</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Churros_Stand_Coyoac%C3%A1n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Churro Stands, like this one in Coyoacán, Mexico City, are a common sight in Latin-America and Spain"><img alt="Churro Stands, like this one in Coyoacán, Mexico City, are a common sight in Latin-America and Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Churros_Stand_Coyoac%C3%A1n.jpg/120px-Churros_Stand_Coyoac%C3%A1n.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Churros_Stand_Coyoac%C3%A1n.jpg/250px-Churros_Stand_Coyoac%C3%A1n.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Churro Stands, like this one in Coyoacán, Mexico City, are a common sight in Latin-America and Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grocery stalls in San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Mexico"><img alt="Grocery stalls in San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg/120px-MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg/250px-MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="1904" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grocery stalls in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_Dios_Market" title="San Juan de Dios Market">San Juan de Dios Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MercadoArtesaniasSanCris.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Artesans' Market, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico"><img alt="Artesans' Market, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MercadoArtesaniasSanCris.JPG/120px-MercadoArtesaniasSanCris.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MercadoArtesaniasSanCris.JPG/250px-MercadoArtesaniasSanCris.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artesans' Market, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to Hidalgo Market, Guanajuato"><img alt="Entrance to Hidalgo Market, Guanajuato" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG/120px-EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG/180px-EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG/240px-EntranceHidalgoMkt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to Hidalgo Market, Guanajuato</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caribbean">Caribbean</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: Puerto Rico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_de_las_Carnes" title="Mercado de las Carnes">Mercado de las Carnes</a>, a former meat market in <a href="/wiki/Ponce,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ponce, Puerto Rico">Ponce, Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the term <b>public market</b> is often used for a place where vendors or merchants meet at the same location on a regular basis. A public market has a sponsoring entity that has legal and financial responsibility to oversee operations and, sometimes, provides facilities to house the market activity. Public markets may incorporate the traditional market activity – the sale of fresh food from open stalls – and may also offer a wide range of different products. Public markets may incorporate elements of specialized markets such as farmers markets, craft markets, and antique markets. Traditionally public markets in the US were owned and operated by city governments, but this is no longer the case.<sup id="cite_ref-ford_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>, what distinguishes public markets from other types of related retail activity are three characteristics. Public markets:<sup id="cite_ref-ford_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>have public goals, a defined civic purpose. Typically, these goals include: attracting shoppers to a <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a>, providing affordable retailing opportunities to small businesses, preserving farming in the region, and activating or repurposing public space</li> <li>are located in and/or create a public space in the community, where a wide range of people mix, and are, or aim to be, a heart of the community</li> <li>are made up of locally owned, independent businesses operated by their owners, not franchises. This gives public markets a local flavor and unique experience.</li></ol> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pike-place-market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue"><img alt="Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pike-place-market.jpg/120px-Pike-place-market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pike-place-market.jpg/180px-Pike-place-market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pike-place-market.jpg/240px-Pike-place-market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pike_Place_Market" title="Pike Place Market">Pike Place Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outer_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corridor of fruit and vegetable sellers at the West Side Market in Cleveland, Ohio"><img alt="Corridor of fruit and vegetable sellers at the West Side Market in Cleveland, Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Outer_Market.jpg/120px-Outer_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Outer_Market.jpg/180px-Outer_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Outer_Market.jpg/240px-Outer_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Corridor of fruit and vegetable sellers at the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Market" title="West Side Market">West Side Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Market,_Grand_Rapids.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postcard showing city market in Grand Rapids, Michigan, about 1910"><img alt="Postcard showing city market in Grand Rapids, Michigan, about 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/City_Market%2C_Grand_Rapids.jpg/120px-City_Market%2C_Grand_Rapids.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/City_Market%2C_Grand_Rapids.jpg/180px-City_Market%2C_Grand_Rapids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/City_Market%2C_Grand_Rapids.jpg/240px-City_Market%2C_Grand_Rapids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postcard showing city market in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, Michigan</a>, about 1910</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_(3263906110).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Central Market, New York"><img alt="Grand Central Market, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_%283263906110%29.jpg/80px-Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_%283263906110%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_%283263906110%29.jpg/120px-Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_%283263906110%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_%283263906110%29.jpg/159px-Grand_Central_Terminal_Market_%283263906110%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Market</a>, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_(10009872396).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gerardi's Farmer Market, New York"><img alt="Gerardi's Farmer Market, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_%2810009872396%29.jpg/120px-Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_%2810009872396%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_%2810009872396%29.jpg/180px-Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_%2810009872396%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_%2810009872396%29.jpg/240px-Gerardi%27s_Farmer_Market_%2810009872396%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gerardi's Farmer Market, New York</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="List_of_public_markets">List of public markets</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: List of public markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemany_Farmers%27_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemany Farmers' Market">Alemany Farmers' Market</a><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – San Francisco, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Market" title="Boston Public Market">Boston Public Market</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_Market" title="Broad Street Market">Broad Street Market</a> – Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Flea" title="Brooklyn Flea">Brooklyn Flea</a> – Brooklyn, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Market" title="Chattanooga Market">Chattanooga Market</a> (2001–present) – Chattanooga, Tennessee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_farmers%27_markets" title="Chicago farmers' markets">Chicago farmers' markets</a> Chicago, Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Market_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" title="City Market (Charleston, South Carolina)">City Market (Charleston, South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Market_(Petersburg,_Virginia)" title="City Market (Petersburg, Virginia)">City Market (Petersburg, Virginia)</a> – Petersburg, Virginia. Built in 1878–79 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Market_(Savannah,_Georgia)" title="City Market (Savannah, Georgia)">City Market (Savannah, Georgia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_City_Farmers_Market" title="Crescent City Farmers Market">Crescent City Farmers Market</a> – New Orleans, Louisiana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Street_Market" title="Cross Street Market">Cross Street Market</a> – Baltimore, Maryland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Market,_Dallas" title="Farmers Market, Dallas">Dallas Farmers Market</a> – Dallas, Texas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dane_County_Farmers%27_Market" title="Dane County Farmers' Market">Dane County Farmers' Market</a> – Madison, Wisconsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Arcade" title="Dayton Arcade">Dayton Arcade</a><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – Dayton, Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Market,_Detroit" title="Eastern Market, Detroit">Eastern Market</a> – Detroit, Michigan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Market,_Washington,_D.C." title="Eastern Market, Washington, D.C.">Eastern Market</a> – Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Ferry_Building#Ferry_Plaza_Farmers'_Market_&_Ferry_Building_Marketplace" title="San Francisco Ferry Building">Ferry Plaza Farmers Market & Ferry Building Marketplace</a> – San Francisco, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findlay_Market" title="Findlay Market">Findlay Market</a> (1855–present) – Cincinnati, Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Market" title="French Market">French Market</a> – New Orleans, Louisiana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Fish_Market" title="Fulton Fish Market">Fulton Fish Market</a> New York, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Central Market">Grand Central Market</a> – Los Angeles, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Market</a> – New York, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_-_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket - Boston">Haymarket</a> – Boston, Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollins_Market" title="Hollins Market">Hollins Market</a> – Baltimore, Maryland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_City_Market" title="Indianapolis City Market">Indianapolis City Market</a> (1821–present) – Indianapolis, Indiana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Market,_Philadelphia" title="Italian Market, Philadelphia">Italian Market, Philadelphia</a> – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Beard_Public_Market" title="James Beard Public Market">James Beard Public Market</a> (future) – Portland, Oregon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Marqueta" title="La Marqueta">La Marqueta</a> – New York, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Central_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancaster Central Market">Lancaster Central Market</a> – Lancaster, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Market" title="Lexington Market">Lexington Market</a> (1782–present) – Baltimore, Maryland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers Market">Los Angeles Farmers Market</a> – Los Angeles, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Street" title="Maxwell Street">Maxwell Street Market</a> – Chicago, Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Exchange" title="Midtown Exchange">Midtown Global Market</a> – Minneapolis, Minnesota</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Public_Market" title="Milwaukee Public Market">Milwaukee Public Market</a> (2005–present) – Milwaukee, Wisconsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Market" title="North Market">North Market</a> – Columbus, Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olvera_Street" title="Olvera Street">Olvera Street</a> – Los Angeles, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Place_Market" title="Pike Place Market">Pike Place Market</a> (1907–present) – Seattle, Washington</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_City_Market" title="Ponce City Market">Ponce City Market</a> – Atlanta, Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Public_Market" title="Portland Public Market">Portland Public Market</a> (1933–1942) – Portland, Oregon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Saturday_Market" title="Portland Saturday Market">Portland Saturday Market</a> (1974–present) – Portland, Oregon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Terminal_Market" title="Reading Terminal Market">Reading Terminal Market</a> (1893–present) – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Market,_Kansas_City" title="River Market, Kansas City">River Market</a> (formerly known as Westport Landing, the City Market, and River Quay) - Kansas City, Missouri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNC_Second_Street_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="PNC Second Street Market">PNC Second Street Market</a> – Dayton, Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulard_Farmers_Market" title="Soulard Farmers Market">Soulard Market</a> – St. Louis, Missouri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Auburn_Curb_Market" title="Sweet Auburn Curb Market">Sweet Auburn Curb Market</a> (1918–present) – Atlanta, Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Market" title="Union Market">Union Market</a> – Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square_Greenmarket" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Square Greenmarket">Union Square Greenmarket</a> – New York, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Market" title="West Side Market">West Side Market</a> – Cleveland, Ohio</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lists_of_markets">Lists of markets</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Lists of markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Farmers_Markets_in_Indiana" title="List of Farmers Markets in Indiana">List of Farmers Markets in Indiana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Melbourne">Melbourne</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Melbourne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Market" title="Queen Victoria Market">Queen Victoria Market</a> is the city of Melbourne's central market. Opened in 1878, it is the largest open air market in the southern hemisphere and its largely intact original buildings offer visitors the opportunity to shop among 19th century retail rows and experience a vibrant, working market place.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Queen Victoria Market site has been listed as an historic place by Heritage Victoria and a number of its buildings are listed as notable buildings on the Historic Building Register of Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> undergoing a site renewal project. It is a Melbourne landmark, popular with both locals and visitors. </p><p>Major suburban markets include the <a href="/wiki/Prahran_Market" title="Prahran Market">Prahran Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Melbourne_market" title="South Melbourne market">South Melbourne market</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Footscray,_Victoria" title="Footscray, Victoria">Footscray Market</a>. Periodic farmers' markets are also very popular in Melbourne. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_Market,_Melbourne,_2017-10-29_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Victoria Market, entrance to the Meat and Fish Hall"><img alt="Queen Victoria Market, entrance to the Meat and Fish Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Queen_Victoria_Market%2C_Melbourne%2C_2017-10-29_01.jpg/120px-Queen_Victoria_Market%2C_Melbourne%2C_2017-10-29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Queen_Victoria_Market%2C_Melbourne%2C_2017-10-29_01.jpg/180px-Queen_Victoria_Market%2C_Melbourne%2C_2017-10-29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Queen_Victoria_Market%2C_Melbourne%2C_2017-10-29_01.jpg/240px-Queen_Victoria_Market%2C_Melbourne%2C_2017-10-29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3597" data-file-height="2636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Market" title="Queen Victoria Market">Queen Victoria Market</a>, entrance to the Meat and Fish Hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prahran_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prahran Market, South Yarra"><img alt="Prahran Market, South Yarra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Prahran_market.jpg/120px-Prahran_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Prahran_market.jpg/180px-Prahran_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Prahran_market.jpg/240px-Prahran_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Prahran_Market" title="Prahran Market">Prahran Market</a>, South Yarra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Melbourne_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metropolitan Meat Market, North Melbourne"><img alt="Metropolitan Meat Market, North Melbourne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/North_Melbourne_Market.jpg/120px-North_Melbourne_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/North_Melbourne_Market.jpg/180px-North_Melbourne_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/North_Melbourne_Market.jpg/240px-North_Melbourne_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="1859" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Meat_Market" title="Metropolitan Meat Market">Metropolitan Meat Market</a>, North Melbourne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Melbourne_market_outside_1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South Melbourne market (exterior)"><img alt="South Melbourne market (exterior)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/South_Melbourne_market_outside_1a.jpg/120px-South_Melbourne_market_outside_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/South_Melbourne_market_outside_1a.jpg/250px-South_Melbourne_market_outside_1a.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">South Melbourne market (exterior)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sydney">Sydney</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: Sydney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Markets_in_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Markets in Sydney">Markets in Sydney</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_markets_in_Sydney" title="List of markets in Sydney">List of markets in Sydney</a></div> <p>Sydney boasts a number of popular markets. The Rocks market, situated in the <a href="/wiki/The_Rocks,_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rocks, Sydney">Rocks district</a>, near the Sydney Opera House, focuses on crafts, jewellery, and leather goods and operates at weekends. <a href="/wiki/Paddy%27s_Markets" title="Paddy's Markets">Paddy's Market</a>, near Chinatown, is the produce market and operates Wednesday through to Sunday. <a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_New_South_Wales" title="Haymarket, New South Wales">Haymarket</a> is one of the main produce markets and is located in Flemington. The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Fish_Market" title="Sydney Fish Market">Sydney Fish Market</a>, in Pyrmont opens from 7:00 am on Wednesday through to Saturday. Paddington Markets on Oxford Street sells a range of goods from fresh produce through to clothing. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetable_market0004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haymarket fresh produce market, Hay Street, Sydney, NSW"><img alt="Haymarket fresh produce market, Hay Street, Sydney, NSW" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vegetable_market0004.jpg/120px-Vegetable_market0004.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vegetable_market0004.jpg/180px-Vegetable_market0004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vegetable_market0004.jpg/240px-Vegetable_market0004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haymarket fresh produce market, Hay Street, Sydney, NSW</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_Night_Market,_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinatown Night Market, Sydney, NSW"><img alt="Chinatown Night Market, Sydney, NSW" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chinatown_Night_Market%2C_Sydney.jpg/120px-Chinatown_Night_Market%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chinatown_Night_Market%2C_Sydney.jpg/180px-Chinatown_Night_Market%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chinatown_Night_Market%2C_Sydney.jpg/240px-Chinatown_Night_Market%2C_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chinatown Night Market, Sydney, NSW</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocks_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rocks Market in 2007"><img alt="Rocks Market in 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rocks_Market.jpg/120px-Rocks_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rocks_Market.jpg/180px-Rocks_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rocks_Market.jpg/240px-Rocks_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rocks Market in 2007</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sydney Fish Market view from Glebe, NSW"><img alt="Sydney Fish Market view from Glebe, NSW" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG/120px-Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG/180px-Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG/240px-Sydney_Fish_Market_view_from_Glebe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sydney Fish Market view from Glebe, NSW</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Perth">Perth</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Perth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Markets" title="Fremantle Markets">Fremantle Markets</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fremantle Markets, northwest corner, Perth, Western Australia"><img alt="Fremantle Markets, northwest corner, Perth, Western Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg/120px-Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg/180px-Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg/240px-Fremantle_Markets_northwest_corner_iphone_shot_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3041" data-file-height="2045" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fremantle Markets, northwest corner, Perth, Western Australia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perth night market, 2012"><img alt="Perth night market, 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg/120px-OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg/180px-OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg/240px-OIC_perth_night_market_2012-01-06_overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perth night market, 2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perth Night Noodle Markets"><img alt="Perth Night Noodle Markets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg/120px-Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg/180px-Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg/240px-Perth_Night_Noodle_Markets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="975" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Perth Night Noodle Markets</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Adelaide">Adelaide</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: Adelaide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Central_Market" title="Adelaide Central Market">Adelaide Central Market</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adelaide Central Market, 2006"><img alt="Adelaide Central Market, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg/120px-Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg/180px-Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg/240px-Adelaide_Central_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adelaide Central Market, 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Court,_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Court, Adelaide Central Market"><img alt="Central Court, Adelaide Central Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Central_Court%2C_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG/120px-Central_Court%2C_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Central_Court%2C_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG/180px-Central_Court%2C_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Central_Court%2C_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG/240px-Central_Court%2C_Adelaide_Central_Market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Central Court, Adelaide Central Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adelaide Central Market Buildings Foundation Stone"><img alt="Adelaide Central Market Buildings Foundation Stone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg/120px-Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg/180px-Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg/240px-Adelaide_Central_Market_Buildings_Foundation_Stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2509" data-file-height="1930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adelaide Central Market Buildings Foundation Stone</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hobart">Hobart</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=106" title="Edit section: Hobart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_Market" title="Salamanca Market">Salamanca Market</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamanca_Market,_Hobart,_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salamanca Place Market, Hobart, Tasmania"><img alt="Salamanca Place Market, Hobart, Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Salamanca_Market%2C_Hobart%2C_Tasmania.jpg/120px-Salamanca_Market%2C_Hobart%2C_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Salamanca_Market%2C_Hobart%2C_Tasmania.jpg/180px-Salamanca_Market%2C_Hobart%2C_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Salamanca_Market%2C_Hobart%2C_Tasmania.jpg/240px-Salamanca_Market%2C_Hobart%2C_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salamanca Place Market, Hobart, Tasmania</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamanca_Market_Hobart_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salamanca Market Hobart Tasmania"><img alt="Salamanca Market Hobart Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Salamanca_Market_Hobart_Tasmania.jpg/120px-Salamanca_Market_Hobart_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Salamanca_Market_Hobart_Tasmania.jpg/250px-Salamanca_Market_Hobart_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salamanca Market Hobart Tasmania</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamanca_market_in_Hobart.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Salamanca market in Hobart"><img alt="Salamanca market in Hobart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Salamanca_market_in_Hobart.JPG/120px-Salamanca_market_in_Hobart.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Salamanca_market_in_Hobart.JPG/250px-Salamanca_market_in_Hobart.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salamanca market in Hobart</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamanca_Market_May.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Salamanca Market May"><img alt="Salamanca Market May" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Salamanca_Market_May.JPG/120px-Salamanca_Market_May.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Salamanca_Market_May.JPG/250px-Salamanca_Market_May.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salamanca Market May</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Papua_New_Guinea">Papua New Guinea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=107" title="Edit section: Papua New Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drawing heavily on the anthropological literature, Benedicktsson argues that a distinct type of <i>Melanesian market</i> that is substantially different to other Asian markets, can be identified. The key characteristics of the PNG market are that it is dominated by producer-sellers, most of whom are women. Prices are set at the start of the day's trade, and rarely change. Haggling and aggressive selling are rarely practised. At the end of the day's trade, produce is not cleared, but rather is taken away for the seller's private consumption or is distributed among kin and close family.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby,_Papua_New_Guinea_(10697550585).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gerehu Markets, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Gerehu Markets, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby%2C_Papua_New_Guinea_%2810697550585%29.jpg/120px-Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby%2C_Papua_New_Guinea_%2810697550585%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby%2C_Papua_New_Guinea_%2810697550585%29.jpg/250px-Gerehu_Markets_Port_Moresby%2C_Papua_New_Guinea_%2810697550585%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="3999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gerehu Markets, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kerepunu women at the market place of Kalo, 1885"><img alt="Kerepunu women at the market place of Kalo, 1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg/120px-Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg/250px-Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2804" data-file-height="2116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kerepunu women at the market place of Kalo, 1885</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buin_NSP_Saturday_market_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buin NSP Saturday market, 1978"><img alt="Buin NSP Saturday market, 1978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Buin_NSP_Saturday_market_1978.jpg/120px-Buin_NSP_Saturday_market_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Buin_NSP_Saturday_market_1978.jpg/250px-Buin_NSP_Saturday_market_1978.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buin NSP Saturday market, 1978</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GorokaMarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goroka market"><img alt="Goroka market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/GorokaMarket.jpg/120px-GorokaMarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/GorokaMarket.jpg/250px-GorokaMarket.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goroka market</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=108" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=109" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Market_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Municipal Market of São Paulo">Mercado Municipal</a></span></span> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberdade_street_market" title="Liberdade street market">Liberdade street market</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre_Public_Market" title="Porto Alegre Public Market">Mercado Público</a></span></span> – <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercado_Municipal_(Uberl%C3%A2ndia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercado Municipal (Uberlândia) (page does not exist)">Mercado Municipal</a></span></span> – <a href="/wiki/Uberl%C3%A2ndia" title="Uberlândia">Uberlândia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;">Mercado Modelo</span></span> – <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador, Bahia</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercado Municipal in São Paulo, Brazil"><img alt="Mercado Municipal in São Paulo, Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG/120px-Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG/180px-Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG/240px-Sao_Paulo_-_Mercado_Municipal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercado Municipal in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Açai vendor at the Ver-o-Peso Market, Belém, Brazil"><img alt="Açai vendor at the Ver-o-Peso Market, Belém, Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg/90px-A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg/135px-A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg/180px-A%C3%A7ai_no_Mercado_do_Ver-o-peso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Açai vendor at the Ver-o-Peso Market, Belém, Brazil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish seller at Belém, Pará, Brazil"><img alt="Fish seller at Belém, Pará, Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg/120px-Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg/180px-Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Belem-Ver-o-pesokl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish seller at Belém, Pará, Brazil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Vendedor de pequi", fruit seller, a common sight in Brazil"><img alt=""Vendedor de pequi", fruit seller, a common sight in Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg/120px-Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg/180px-Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg/240px-Vendedor_de_pequi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Vendedor de pequi", fruit seller, a common sight in Brazil</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chile">Chile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=110" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Central_de_Santiago" title="Mercado Central de Santiago">Mercado Central de Santiago</a></span></span>, the central market of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=111" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Modelo_(Montevideo)" title="Mercado Modelo (Montevideo)">Mercado Modelo</a></span></span>, a central fruit and vegetable wholesale market in <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=112" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_food" title="Artisanal food">Artisanal food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Market_Police" title="Birmingham Market Police">Birmingham Market Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_fair" title="Charter fair">Charter fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Stones" title="Charter Stones">Charter Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costermonger" title="Costermonger">Costermonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_market_constabularies" title="City of London market constabularies">City of London market constabularies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">Hawker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_marketing" title="History of marketing">History of marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_markets" title="List of Christmas markets">List of Christmas markets</a> (from around the world)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Markets_Police" title="Liverpool Markets Police">Liverpool Markets Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_hall" title="Market hall">Market hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">Market town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_cross" title="Market cross">Market cross</a> - with list of UK market towns containing a market cross</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercat_cross" title="Mercat cross">Mercat cross</a> - in Scotland the market cross is known as a <i>mercat cross</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_market" title="Night market">Night market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landlord#Licensed_victualler" title="Landlord">Licensed victualler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddler" title="Peddler">Peddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">Souk or souq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_vendor" class="mw-redirect" title="Street vendor">Street vendor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges">Town privileges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesale_marketing_of_food" title="Wholesale marketing of food">Wholesale marketing of food</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=113" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430045213/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/market">"market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionaries (website)">Oxford Dictionaries</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/market">the original</a> on April 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fus%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fmarket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lafleur.marketing/blog/lafleur-legal-marketing-an-etymological-history/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"LaFleur Legal Marketing" – An Etymological History"</a>. <i>LaFleur</i>. 2015-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LaFleur&rft.atitle=%22LaFleur+Legal+Marketing%22+%E2%80%93+An+Etymological+History&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flafleur.marketing%2Fblog%2Flafleur-legal-marketing-an-etymological-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bintliff,_J._2002,_pp_209-250_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bintliff, J., "Going to Market in Antiquity", in <i>Stuttgarter Kolloquium zur Historischen Geographie des Altertums</i>, Eckart Olshausen and Holger Sonnabend (eds), Stuttgart, Franz Steiner, 2002, pp. 209–250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Twede, D., "Commercial amphoras: The earliest consumer packages?" <i>Journal of Macromarketing</i>, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2002, pp 98–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wengrow, D., "Prehistories of Commodity Branding", <i>Current Anthropology</i>, Vol. 49, No. 1, 2008, pp. 7–34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paquet-Byrne, L., <i>The Urge to Splurge: A Social History of Shopping</i>, ECW Press, 2003, pp 13–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/149/herodotus-on-the-customs-of-the-persians/">"Herodotus: On The Customs of the Persians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Herodotus%3A+On+The+Customs+of+the+Persians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Farticle%2F149%2Fherodotus-on-the-customs-of-the-persians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberti, M. E., "Trade and Weighing Systems in the Southern Aegean from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age: How Changing Circuits Influenced Glocal Measures", Chapter 11 in Molloy, B. (ed.), <i>Of Odysseys and Oddities: Scales and Modes of Interaction Between Prehistoric Aegean Societies and their Neighbours</i> [Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology], Oxford: Oxbow (e-book), 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herrero, B. L., "An Elite Infested Sea: Interaction and Change in Mediterranean Paradigms", Chapter 2 in Molloy, B. (ed.), <i>Of Odysseys and Oddities: Scales and Modes of Interaction Between Prehistoric Aegean Societies and their Neighbours</i> [Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology], Oxford: Oxbow (e-book), 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehdipour, H. R. N, "Persian Bazaar and Its Impact on Evolution of Historic Urban Cores: The Case of Isfahan", <i>The Macrotheme Review</i>, Vol. 2, no. 5, 2013, p.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehdipour, H.R.N, "Persian Bazaar and Its Impact on Evolution of Historic Urban Cores: The Case of Isfahan", <i>The Macrotheme Review</i>, Vol. 2, no. 5, 2013, p.14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosavi, M. S. "Bazaar and its Role in the Development of Iranian Traditional Cities", Tabriz Azad University, Iran, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thamis, "Herodotus on the Egyptians". <i>Ancient History Encyclopedia</i>. 18 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Herodotus: The History of Herodotus</i>, Book I (The Babylonians), c. 440 BC, translated by G. C. Macaulay, c. 1890</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Economy_of_Ancient_Greece_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economy-of-ancient-greece/">"The Economy of Ancient Greece"</a>. <i>EH.net</i>. Economic History Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EH.net&rft.atitle=The+Economy+of+Ancient+Greece&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feh.net%2Fencyclopedia%2Fthe-economy-of-ancient-greece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMillan, J., <i>Reinventing the Bazaar: A Natural History of Markets</i>, New York: Norton, 2002, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gharipour, M., "The Culture and Politics of Commerce", in <i>The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History</i>, Mohammad Gharipour (ed.), New York, The American University in Cairo Press, 2012, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=ka/phlos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κάπηλος</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coleman, P., <i>Shopping Environments</i>, Oxford: Elsevier, 2006, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bintliff, J., "Going to Market in Antiquity", in <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stuttgarter Kolloquium zur Historischen Geographie des Altertums</i></span>, Eckart Olshausen and Holger Sonnabend (eds), Stuttgart, Franz Steiner, 2002, p. 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beard, M., <i>The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found</i>, Harvard University Press, 2008; See Chapter 5, "Earning a Living: Baker, Banker and Garum Maker"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Millar, F., "The World of the Golden Ass", <i>Journal of Roman Studies</i>, Vol. 71, 1981, pp. 63–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806075623/https://www1.umassd.edu/ir/resources/consumption/shopping.pdf">"Shops and Shopping in Britain: from market stalls to chain stores"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Dartmouth. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.umassd.edu/ir/resources/consumption/shopping.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shops+and+Shopping+in+Britain%3A+from+market+stalls+to+chain+stores&rft.pub=University+of+Dartmouth&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.umassd.edu%2Fir%2Fresources%2Fconsumption%2Fshopping.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.history.ac.uk/gazetteer/gazweb2.html">"Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516"</a>. <i>IHR Web Archives</i>. Institute for Historical Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IHR+Web+Archives&rft.atitle=Gazetteer+of+Markets+and+Fairs+in+England+and+Wales+to+1516&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.history.ac.uk%2Fgazetteer%2Fgazweb2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dyer, C., <i>Everyday Life in Medieval England</i>, London, Hambledon and London, 1994, pp 283–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.history.ac.uk/gazetteer/gazweb2.html">"Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516"</a>. <i>IHR Web Archives</i>. Institute for Historical Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IHR+Web+Archives&rft.atitle=Gazetteer+of+Markets+and+Fairs+in+England+and+Wales+to+1516&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.history.ac.uk%2Fgazetteer%2Fgazweb2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Casson, M. and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective", <i>Business History Review</i>, Vol 85, Spring 2011, pp 9–37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007680511000018">10.1017/S0007680511000018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas, D. M., <i>The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century</i>, Oxford: Routledge, 2014, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pevsner, N., <i>A History of Building Types</i>, Princeton University Press, 1979, p. 235; Goy, R. J., <i>Florence: A Walking Guide to Its Architecture</i>, Yale University Press, 2015; Codini, E. K. (ed), <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Architettura a Pisa nel Primo Periodo Mediceo</i></span>, Gangemi, 2003, p.213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dijkman, J. E. C., <i>Shaping Medieval Markets: The Organisation of Commodity Markets in Holland, C. 1200 – C. 1450</i>, Brill, 2011, pp 122–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schofield, J., and Vince, A. G., <i>British Towns in Their European Setting</i>, A&C Black, 2003, p. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Braudel, F. and Reynold, S., <i>The Wheels of Commerce: Civilization and Capitalism, 15th to 18th Century</i>, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borsay, P. and Proudfoot, L., <i>Provincial Towns in Early Modern England and Ireland: Change, Convergence and Divergence</i>, The British Academy, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp 65–66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Casson, M., and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective", <i>Business History Review</i>, Vol 85, Spring 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007680511000018">10.1017/S0007680511000018</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Casson, M., and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective", <i>Business History Review</i>, Vol 85, Spring 2011, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bevan, A., and <a href="/wiki/David_Wengrow" title="David Wengrow">Wengrow, D.</a>, "Cultures of Commodity Branding", Routledge, 2016, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buildinghistory.org/primary/charter.shtml">"Charter of Worcester"</a>. <i>Researching Historic Buildings in the British Isles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researching+Historic+Buildings+in+the+British+Isles&rft.atitle=Charter+of+Worcester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildinghistory.org%2Fprimary%2Fcharter.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, J., "Market Regulation in 15th Century England", Ben Dodds and Christian Drummond Liddy (eds), <i>Commercial Activity, Markets and Entrepreneurs in the Middle Ages</i>, Woodbridge, Boydell Press, pp 85–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Casson, M., and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective", <i>Business History Review</i>, Vol 85, Spring 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007680511000018">10.1017/S0007680511000018</a>, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Defoe, <i>Ultimate Collection: 50+ Adventure Classics, Pirate Tales & Historical Novels – including Biographies, Historical Sketches, Poems and Essays</i> (e-book), 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gharipour, M., "The Culture and Politics of Commerce", in <i>The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History</i>, Mohammad Gharipour (ed.), New York, The American University in Cairo Press, 2012, pp 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._201_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chonglang, F., and Wenming, C., <i>An Urban History of China</i>, Springer, 2019, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ying-shi, Y., <i>Chinese History and Culture: Sixth Century B.C.E. to Seventeenth Century</i>, Vol. 1, Columbia University Press, 2016, p. 223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagley, R., "Shang Archaeology", in Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.), <i>The Cambridge History of Ancient China</i>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chonglang,_F_2019,_p._202_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chonglang, F., and Wenming, C., <i>An Urban History of China</i>, Springer, 2019, p. 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldin, P. T. (ed.), <i>Routledge Handbook of Early Chinese History</i>, Routledge, 2018 (e-book ed.), n.p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chonglang, F., and Wenming, C., <i>An Urban History of China</i>, Springer, 2019, pp. 38, 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yongxian, L. (ed.), <i>A History of Chinese Science and Technology</i>, Volume 3, Springer, 2014, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chonglang, F., and Wenming, C., <i>An Urban History of China</i>, Springer, 2019, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ying-shih, Y., <i>Chinese History and Culture: Sixth Century B.C.E. to Seventeenth Century</i>, Vol. 1, Columbia University Press, 2016, pp 223–225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mu-chou, P., and Poo, M. P., <i>Daily Life in Ancient China</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2018, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, F., <i>Did Marco Polo Go To China?</i> Routledge, 2018 (e-book ed.), n.p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polo, M., <i>The Book of Sir Marco Polo the Venetian: Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East</i>, Volume 2, J. Murray, 1875, p. 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xinrui, L., <i>Ancient India and China: Trade Routes and Religious Exchanges, AD 1–600</i>, Oxford University Press, 1988, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xu-Dong, J., <i>Development of Accounting and Auditing Systems in China</i>, Routledge, 2017 (e-book), n.p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feng, L. R., <i>City of Marvel and Transformation: Changan and Narratives of Experience in Tang Dynasty China</i>, University of Hawaii Press, 2015, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.curationist.org/editorial-features/article/how-bazaars-shaped-trade-in-islamic-cities-before-1900">"How Bazaars Shaped Trade in Islamic Cities Before 1900"</a>. <i>www.curationist.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.curationist.org&rft.atitle=How+Bazaars+Shaped+Trade+in+Islamic+Cities+Before+1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curationist.org%2Feditorial-features%2Farticle%2Fhow-bazaars-shaped-trade-in-islamic-cities-before-1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerdan2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berdan, Frances (2006-01-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/nuevomundo/1387">"Circulation of Feathers in Mesoamerica"</a>. <i>Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fnuevomundo.1387">10.4000/nuevomundo.1387</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1626-0252">1626-0252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuevo+Mundo+Mundos+Nuevos&rft.atitle=Circulation+of+Feathers+in+Mesoamerica&rft.date=2006-01-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fnuevomundo.1387&rft.issn=1626-0252&rft.aulast=Berdan&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fnuevomundo%2F1387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salomón, F., "Pochteca and mindalá: a comparison of long-distance traders in Ecuador and Mesoamerica", <i>Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society</i>, Vol. 1–2, 1978, pp. 231–246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masson, M. A., and Freide, D. A., "An argument for Classic Era Maya Market Exchange", <i>Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</i>, VI., 31, 2012, p. 457</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeaman2013" class="citation book cs1">Seaman, Rebecca M., ed. (27 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXKjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA375"><i>Conflict in the Early Americas: An Encyclopedia of the Spanish Empire's Aztec, Incan and Mayan Conquests</i></a>. Abc-Clio. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-777-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-777-2"><bdi>978-1-59884-777-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+in+the+Early+Americas%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Spanish+Empire%27s+Aztec%2C+Incan+and+Mayan+Conquests&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Abc-Clio&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-777-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXKjAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall, A., <i>Principles of Economics</i>, Vol. 1. London, Macmillan, 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Principles of Economics</i>, 8th ed.,1920, London, Macmillan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wm-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wm_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wm_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wholesale Markets: Planning and Design Manual (Fao Agricultural Services Bulletin) (No 90)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/227970">"wet, adj"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>wet market n. South-East Asian a market for the sale of fresh meat, fish, and produce</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=wet%2C+adj.&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F227970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brown_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brown_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2001" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Allison (2001). "Counting Farmers Markets". <i>Geographical Review</i>. <b>91</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">655–</span>674. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GeoRv..91..655B">2001GeoRv..91..655B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3594724">10.2307/3594724</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3594724">3594724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Review&rft.atitle=Counting+Farmers+Markets&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E655-%3C%2Fspan%3E674&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3594724%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3594724&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001GeoRv..91..655B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Allison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marketplace">"marketplace"</a>. <i>Merriam-</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=marketplace&rft.btitle=Merriam-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmarketplace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://farmersmarkets.org.au/definitions/">"Definitions"</a>. <i>Australian Farmers Markets Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Farmers+Markets+Association&rft.atitle=Definitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffarmersmarkets.org.au%2Fdefinitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ba-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ba_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ba_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/ingredients/article/the-5-best-food-halls-in-america">"The 5 Best Food Halls in America"</a>, <i>Bon Appétit</i> magazine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Honig, E. A., <i>Painting & the Market in Early Modern Antwerp</i>, Yale University Press, 1998, p.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Honig, E. A., <i>Painting & the Market in Early Modern Antwerp</i>, Yale University Press, 1998, pp. 6–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nanda, S. and Warms, E. L., <i>Cultural Anthropology</i>, Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nanda, S. and Warms, E. L., <i>Cultural Anthropology</i>, Cengage Learning, 2010, pp 330–331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.histoire-image.org/etudes/halles-paris-travers-histoire?i=749">"Les Halles de Paris à travers l'histoire"</a>. <i>Histoire et analyse d'images et oeuvres</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histoire+et+analyse+d%27images+et+oeuvres&rft.atitle=Les+Halles+de+Paris+%C3%A0+travers+l%27histoire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.histoire-image.org%2Fetudes%2Fhalles-paris-travers-histoire%3Fi%3D749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Modern Part of an Universal History: From the Earliest Account of Time</i>, Vol 7, by the authors of the Ancient Part, London, Richardson, 1760, pp 397-98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Modern Part of an Universal History: From the Earliest Account of Time</i>, Vol 7, by the authors of the Ancient Part, London, Richardson, 1760, p. 363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madisa, M. E., Obopile, M., and Assefa, Y., "Analysis of Horticultural Production Trends in Botswana", <i>Journal of Plant Studies</i>, Vol 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 25–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cordes, M., "SADC markets?" <i>Farmer's Weekly</i>, 26 May 2016, pp 397–98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/99871/2/of%20markets%20and%20middlemen.pdf">"Of Markets and Middlemen: The Role of Brokers in Ethiopia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Of+Markets+and+Middlemen%3A+The+Role+of+Brokers+in+Ethiopia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fageconsearch.umn.edu%2Fbitstream%2F99871%2F2%2Fof%2520markets%2520and%2520middlemen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMillan, J., <i>Reinventing the Bazaar: A Natural History of Markets</i>, New York City, Norton, 2002. p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortuneofafrica.com/kenya/markets-nairobi/wakulima-market/">"Wakulima Market"</a>. <i>Fortune of Africa Kenya</i>. 11 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune+of+Africa+Kenya&rft.atitle=Wakulima+Market&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortuneofafrica.com%2Fkenya%2Fmarkets-nairobi%2Fwakulima-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaraka_FM2017" class="citation web cs1">Baraka FM (2017-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://barakafm.org/2017/03/17/kongowea-market-traders-benefit-from-new-stalls/">"Kongowea market traders benefit from new stalls"</a>. <i>Baraka FM 95.5</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baraka+FM+95.5&rft.atitle=Kongowea+market+traders+benefit+from+new+stalls&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft.au=Baraka+FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarakafm.org%2F2017%2F03%2F17%2Fkongowea-market-traders-benefit-from-new-stalls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHabeggerO'Reilly1987" class="citation web cs1">Habegger, Larry; O'Reilly, James (30 August 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-08-30-8703060101-story.html">"Morocco's Mysterious Souks Lure Visitors Into History – and Danger"</a>. <i>chicago tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chicago+tribune&rft.atitle=Morocco%27s+Mysterious+Souks+Lure+Visitors+Into+History+%E2%80%93+and+Danger&rft.date=1987-08-30&rft.aulast=Habegger&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=O%27Reilly%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1987-08-30-8703060101-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dane, R., <i>Lost on the Way: Adventures in 40,000 Miles of Hitchhiking</i>, Bloomington, 2011, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170/">"Medina of Fez"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Medina+of+Fez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F170%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSherwood2023" class="citation news cs1">Sherwood, Seth (2023-06-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/19/travel/marrakesh-medina-walking-tour.html">"A Walk in Marrakesh: A Spider Web of Passageways"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>. <q>The wail of snake charmers' horns will lead you to your departure point: Jemaa El Fna. This carnivalesque, open-air market in the medina — the ancient neighborhood where Marrakesh was born — brims with juice stands, restaurants and souvenir shops, to say nothing of musicians and performers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Walk+in+Marrakesh%3A+A+Spider+Web+of+Passageways&rft.date=2023-06-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F06%2F19%2Ftravel%2Fmarrakesh-medina-walking-tour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Msangi. J. P., <i>Food Security Among Small-Scale Agricultural Producers in Southern Africa</i>, Springer, 2014, pp. 53–54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ongwediva fresh produce market opens for trade", <i>Namibian Sun</i>, 1 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madevu, H., Louw, A. and Ndanga, L. "Mapping the Competitive Food Chain in Tsambe, South Africa", Conference Paper presented to The International Association of Agricultural Economists, Beijing, China, August 16–22, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holden, A., and Fennell, D. A. (eds), "The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and the Environment", Ixon, Routledge, 2013, pp 396–398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregg, E. and Trillo, R., <i>The Rough Guide to the Gambia</i>, Rough Guides, 2004, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holtzman, J. S., and Menegay, M., <i>Urban Wholesale Marketplaces for Fresh Produce in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore: Lessons Learned and Potential Applications for Asia</i>, [Technical Report No. 9], Agribusiness Project, 1993, pp. 3–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bijman, J. (ed.), "International Agri-food Chains and Networks: Management and Organization", Netherlands: Wageningen Academics, 2006 p.217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waters, H. J., <i>China's Economic Development Strategies for the 21st Century</i>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/china/Off_the_Wire/2017-02/17/content_40309418.htm">"Beijing renovates largest produce wholesale market"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing+renovates+largest+produce+wholesale+market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fchina%2FOff_the_Wire%2F2017-02%2F17%2Fcontent_40309418.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjreview.com/Special_Reports/2016/NPC_CPPCC_Sessions_2016/Regional_Special/Hebei/201603/t20160307_800051141.html">"Farewell, Beijing"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Farewell%2C+Beijing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjreview.com%2FSpecial_Reports%2F2016%2FNPC_CPPCC_Sessions_2016%2FRegional_Special%2FHebei%2F201603%2Ft20160307_800051141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.producereport.com/topic/wholesale-market">"Wholesale Market"</a>. <i>Produce Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Produce+Report&rft.atitle=Wholesale+Market&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.producereport.com%2Ftopic%2Fwholesale-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-02/17/c_136064861.htm">"Beijing renovates largest produce wholesale market"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing+renovates+largest+produce+wholesale+market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2017-02%2F17%2Fc_136064861.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holtzman, J. S., and Menegay, M., <i>Urban Wholesale Marketplaces for Fresh Produce in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore: Lessons Learned and Potential Applications for Asia</i>, [Technical Report No. 9], Agribusiness Project, 1993, p.14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SHP/SH_EN_7_2.jsp?cid=273761">"Gwangjang Market (광장시장)"</a>. Official Korea Tourism Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gwangjang+Market+%28%EA%B4%91%EC%9E%A5%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%29&rft.pub=Official+Korea+Tourism+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.visitkorea.or.kr%2Fenu%2FSHP%2FSH_EN_7_2.jsp%3Fcid%3D273761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holtzman, J. S., and Menegay, M., <i>Urban Wholesale Marketplaces for Fresh Produce in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore: Lessons Learned and Potential Applications for Asia</i>, [Technical Report No. 9], Agribusiness Project, 1993, p.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGillan2014" class="citation news cs1">Gillan, Audrey (2014-05-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/may/17/taiwan-taipei-street-food-markets">"Taiwan, home to the best street food markets in the world"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Taiwan%2C+home+to+the+best+street+food+markets+in+the+world&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Gillan&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2014%2Fmay%2F17%2Ftaiwan-taipei-street-food-markets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crow, B., <i>Markets, Class and Social Change: Trading Networks and Poverty in Rural South Asia</i>, Palgrave, 2001, [Glossary] p. xvii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sreekumar, H. and Varman, J., "History of Marketing in India", in <i>The Routledge Companion to Marketing History</i>, D. G. Brian Jones, Mark Tadajewski (eds), Oxford: Routledge, 2016, pp 309–406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoore1994" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Molly (1994-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/11/30/at-camel-bazaar-tourists-are-the-oddities/413dd750-5542-4f94-9fda-182d64a9aaf9/">"At Camel Bazaar, Tourists Are The Oddities"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=At+Camel+Bazaar%2C+Tourists+Are+The+Oddities&rft.date=1994-11-30&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1994%2F11%2F30%2Fat-camel-bazaar-tourists-are-the-oddities%2F413dd750-5542-4f94-9fda-182d64a9aaf9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yang, A. A., <i>Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar</i>, University of California Press, Berkeley, California, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/Agri_marketing/contents/types_of_markets.htm">"Agriculture Marketing | Types of Agri Markets in India"</a>. <i>Indiaagronet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiaagronet&rft.atitle=Agriculture+Marketing+%7C+Types+of+Agri+Markets+in+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaagronet.com%2Findiaagronet%2FAgri_marketing%2Fcontents%2Ftypes_of_markets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228130138/https://www.lexico.com/definition/wet_market">"wet market"</a>. <i>Lexico</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/wet_market">the original</a> on December 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico&rft.atitle=wet+market&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fwet_market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JP-market-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JP-market_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP-market_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/12/19/weekly-5-traditional-markets-around-clock.html">"Weekly 5: Traditional markets around the clock"</a>. <i>The Jakarta Post</i>. 19 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Weekly+5%3A+Traditional+markets+around+the+clock&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F12%2F19%2Fweekly-5-traditional-markets-around-clock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indonesia.travel/gb/en/trip-ideas/5-best-markets-to-buy-handicrafts-in-central-java">"Authentic Markets to Buy Handicrafts in Central Java - Indonesia Travel"</a>. <i>www.indonesia.travel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indonesia.travel&rft.atitle=Authentic+Markets+to+Buy+Handicrafts+in+Central+Java+-+Indonesia+Travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia.travel%2Fgb%2Fen%2Ftrip-ideas%2F5-best-markets-to-buy-handicrafts-in-central-java&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSirajudinTriyuwonoSubektiRoekhudin2020" class="citation book cs1">Sirajudin, Sirajudin; Triyuwono, Iwan; Subekti, Imam; Roekhudin, Roekhudin (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125938814">"Revealing Trader's Sustainability in the Lok Baintan's Floating Market"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 1st Annual Management, Business and Economic Conference (AMBEC 2019)</i>. Atlantis Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2991%2Faebmr.k.200415.032">10.2991/aebmr.k.200415.032</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6252-955-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6252-955-7"><bdi>978-94-6252-955-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revealing+Trader%27s+Sustainability+in+the+Lok+Baintan%27s+Floating+Market&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+1st+Annual+Management%2C+Business+and+Economic+Conference+%28AMBEC+2019%29&rft.pub=Atlantis+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2991%2Faebmr.k.200415.032&rft.isbn=978-94-6252-955-7&rft.aulast=Sirajudin&rft.aufirst=Sirajudin&rft.au=Triyuwono%2C+Iwan&rft.au=Subekti%2C+Imam&rft.au=Roekhudin%2C+Roekhudin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantis-press.com%2Farticle%2F125938814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiasite.nl/markets.htm">"Markets in Kuala Lumpur"</a>. <i>www.malaysiasite.nl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.malaysiasite.nl&rft.atitle=Markets+in+Kuala+Lumpur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiasite.nl%2Fmarkets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoe, V. B., and Siong, K. H., "The Nutritional Value of Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables in Sarawak", <i>Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>, Vol. 8, no. 1, 1998, pp 24–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/kuala-lumpur/shopping/pudu-market/a/poi-sho/1151659/356949">"Pudu Market | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Shopping"</a>. <i>Lonely Planet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Pudu+Market+%7C+Kuala+Lumpur%2C+Malaysia+Shopping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fkuala-lumpur%2Fshopping%2Fpudu-market%2Fa%2Fpoi-sho%2F1151659%2F356949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://senate.gov.ph/lisdata/81756645!.pdf">"Fifteenth Congress of the Republic of the Philippines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fifteenth+Congress+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsenate.gov.ph%2Flisdata%2F81756645%21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carman, T., "In winter, farmers markets turn into value (added) villages", <i>The Washington Post</i>, 12 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosavi, M. S. "Bazaar and its Role in the Development of Iranian Traditional Cities" [Working Paper], Tabriz Azad University, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Iran, 2005, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moosavi, M. S. "Bazaar and its Role in the Development of Iranian Traditional Cities" [Working Paper], Tabriz Azad University, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Iran, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gharipour, M., "The Culture and Politics of Commerce", in <i>The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History</i>, Mohammad Gharipour (ed.), New York, The American University in Cairo Press, 2012, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/architecture/articles/bazaar_of_isfahan1.php#sthash.BB3fHqgx.dpuf">"Iran: Iranian Architecture and Monuments: Bazaar of Isfahan"</a>. <i>Iran Chamber Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iran+Chamber+Society&rft.atitle=Iran%3A+Iranian+Architecture+and+Monuments%3A+Bazaar+of+Isfahan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Farchitecture%2Farticles%2Fbazaar_of_isfahan1.php%23sthash.BB3fHqgx.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMontagner2014" class="citation news cs1">Montagner, Boris Le (2014-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/gallery/2014/nov/12/-sp-tabriz-historic-bazaar-iran-pictures">"Strolling through Iran's Tabriz bazaar - in pictures"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Strolling+through+Iran%27s+Tabriz+bazaar+-+in+pictures&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Montagner&rft.aufirst=Boris+Le&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Firan-blog%2Fgallery%2F2014%2Fnov%2F12%2F-sp-tabriz-historic-bazaar-iran-pictures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giltravel.com/blog/israels-amazing-open-air-markets/">"Israel's Amazing Open-Air Markets"</a>. <i>Gil Travel</i>. 2019-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gil+Travel&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Amazing+Open-Air+Markets&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giltravel.com%2Fblog%2Fisraels-amazing-open-air-markets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Food/Ashkenazic_Cuisine/Israel/israeli-markets.shtml">"A Guide to Israeli Food Markets"</a>. <i>My Jewish Learning</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Jewish+Learning&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Israeli+Food+Markets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Fculture%2F2%2FFood%2FAshkenazic_Cuisine%2FIsrael%2Fisraeli-markets.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Honig, E. A., <i>Painting & the Market in Early Modern Antwerp</i>, Yale University Press, 1998, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lemoine, B., <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les Passages Couverts</i></span>, Paris: <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Délégation à l'action artistique de la ville de Paris</span></span> [AAVP], 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-905118-21-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-905118-21-9">978-2-905118-21-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, P. T. A., "Redressing Reform Narratives: Victorian London's Street Markets and the Informal Supply Lines of Urban Modernity", <i>The London Journal</i>, Vol 41, No. 1, 2006. p. 75, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F1749632215Y.0000000013">10.1179/1749632215Y.0000000013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nabma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4dd6419ec9584_markets-21-report.pdf">"A Policy & Research Review of UK Retail and Wholesale Markets in the 21st Century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Policy+%26+Research+Review+of+UK+Retail+and+Wholesale+Markets+in+the+21st+Century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nabma.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F05%2F4dd6419ec9584_markets-21-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hallsworth, A., Ntounis, N., Parker, C. and Quin, S., <i>Markets Matter: Reviewing the evidence & detecting the market effect</i>, [Report], Institute of Place Management, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gonzales, S. and Dawson, G., <i>Traditional Markets Under Threat: Why It's Happening and What Traders Can Do</i>, n.d., circa 2016, pp 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gonzalez, S. and Waley, P, "Traditional Retail Markets: The New Gentrification Frontier?" <i>Antipode</i>, Vol. 45, no. 4, 2016 pp.965–983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dyer, C., <i>Everyday Life in Medieval England</i>, London, Hambledon and London, 1994, pp. 283–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borsay, P., and Proudfoot, L., <i>Provincial Towns in Early Modern England and Ireland: Change, Convergence and Divergence</i>, [The British Academy], Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 65–66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, P. T. A., "Redressing Reform Narratives: Victorian London's Street Markets and the Informal Supply Lines of Urban Modernity", <i>The London Journal</i>, Vol 41, No. 1, 2006. pp 60–81, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F1749632215Y.0000000013">10.1179/1749632215Y.0000000013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knight, C., <i>Pictorial Half-hours of London Topography</i>, Fleet Street, London, Knight, 1851</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Firenze e provincia: Fiesole, le colline il Mugello, il Valdarno e il Chianti</i></span>, Touring Editore, 2003, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touring Club Italiano, <i>Florence: A Complete Guide to the Renaissance City</i>, Touring Editore, 1999, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touring Club Italiano, <i>Florence: A Complete Guide to the Renaissance City</i>, Touring Editore, 1999, p. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touring Club Italiano, <i>Florence: A Complete Guide to the Renaissance City</i>, Touring Editore, 1999, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercatsbcn.com/">"Mercats de Barcelona"</a>. <i>www.mercatsbcn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mercatsbcn.com&rft.atitle=Mercats+de+Barcelona&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercatsbcn.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barcelona Institute of Markets, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcn.cat/mercats"><i>Markets: The Barcelona Experience</i></a>, n.d. c. 2015; p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blagojević, M. R., "Basic Typology of the Public Buildings Presented on the Examples Built in Belgrade in the Period Between 1830 -1900", <i>Architecture and Civil Engineering</i> Vol.1, No 4, 1997 pp. 509–524</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ford-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ford_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ford_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pps.org/pdf/Ford_Report.pdf">"Public Markets as a Vehicle for Social Integration and Upward Mobility"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ford Foundation. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Markets+as+a+Vehicle+for+Social+Integration+and+Upward+Mobility&rft.pub=Ford+Foundation&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pps.org%2Fpdf%2FFord_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfgsa.org/index.aspx?page=1058">"Alemany Farmers' Market – Real Estate Division"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alemany+Farmers%27+Market+%E2%80%93+Real+Estate+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfgsa.org%2Findex.aspx%3Fpage%3D1058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arcade.daytonhistoryproject.org/new-arcade-front-page/">"New Arcade Front Page"</a>. <i>arcade</i>. 2020-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arcade&rft.atitle=New+Arcade+Front+Page&rft.date=2020-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farcade.daytonhistoryproject.org%2Fnew-arcade-front-page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allom Lovell & Associates [Conservation architects], <i>Queen Victoria Market: Conservation Management Plan</i> [Report for QVM], 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qvm.com.au/history/">"140 Years of Market History"</a>. <i>Queen Victoria Market</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queen+Victoria+Market&rft.atitle=140+Years+of+Market+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqvm.com.au%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarketplace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Benediktsson, <i>Harvesting Development: The Construction of Fresh Food Markets in Papua New Guinea</i>, Denmark: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2002, p. 24</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&action=edit&section=114" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Markets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Markets">Markets</a></b></i> and <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Markets_in_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Markets in art">Markets in art</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pps.org/reference-categories/markets-articles">Project for Public Spaces page on public markets</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1472" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1472" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330284#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4066702-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Marchés"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119344952">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Marchés"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119344952">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tržnice a tržiště"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116495&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000061764&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007553389105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10675328">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&oldid=1280970520">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&oldid=1280970520</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Retail_markets" title="Category:Retail markets">Retail markets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bazaars" title="Category:Bazaars">Bazaars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Street_culture" title="Category:Street culture">Street culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Indonesian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Indonesian-language text">Articles containing Indonesian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_English_(ca._450-1100)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text">Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from January 2024">Articles with failed verification from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from January 2024">Articles with incomplete citations from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from June 2021">Articles to be expanded from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from July 2024">Articles to be expanded from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2021">Articles needing additional references from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page" title="Category:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_more_detailed_references" title="Category:Articles needing more detailed references">Articles needing more detailed references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chavacano-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chavacano-language text">Articles containing Chavacano-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons link is locally defined">Commons link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Catalan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Catalan-language text">Articles containing Catalan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_January_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2024">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Croatian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Croatian-language text">Articles containing Croatian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Serbian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Serbian-language text">Articles containing Serbian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_January_2024" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from January 2024">Vague or ambiguous time from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 March 2025, at 14:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketplace&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marketplace</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>63 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5b7d47cbb-h9zm4","wgBackendResponseTime":310,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.558","walltime":"2.059","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8411,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":152561,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10648,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":59,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":430338,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1690.260 1 -total"," 20.82% 351.924 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.62% 213.302 37 Template:Cite_web"," 11.10% 187.593 61 Template:Lang"," 4.52% 76.482 3 Template:Sister_project"," 4.41% 74.497 1 Template:Authority_control"," 4.39% 74.250 3 Template:Side_box"," 4.21% 71.238 5 Template:Fix"," 3.35% 56.591 1 Template:Commons_category"," 3.30% 55.751 15 Template:Further"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.648","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21939931,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-79f7bfbb57-cqqsl","timestamp":"20250325001843","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Marketplace","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marketplace","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q330284","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q330284","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-03-02T02:48:40Z","dateModified":"2025-03-17T14:17:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/57\/The_Moorish_Bazaar.jpg","headline":"space in which a market operates"}</script> </body> </html>