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<button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02912">arXiv:2411.02912</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.02912">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2411.02912">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cacciapuoti%2C+L">L. Cacciapuoti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Busso%2C+A">A. Busso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jansen%2C+R">R. Jansen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pataraia%2C+S">S. Pataraia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peignier%2C+T">T. Peignier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weinberg%2C+S">S. Weinberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crescence%2C+P">P. Crescence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Helm%2C+A">A. Helm</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kehrer%2C+J">J. Kehrer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koller%2C+S">S. Koller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lachaud%2C+R">R. Lachaud</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Niedermaier%2C+T">T. Niedermaier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Esnault%2C+F+-">F. -X. Esnault</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Massonnet%2C+D">D. Massonnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Goujon%2C+D">D. Goujon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pittet%2C+J">J. Pittet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Perri%2C+A">A. Perri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang%2C+Q">Q. Wang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu%2C+S">S. Liu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schaefer%2C+W">W. Schaefer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schwall%2C+T">T. Schwall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Prochazka%2C+I">I. Prochazka</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schlicht%2C+A">A. Schlicht</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schreiber%2C+U">U. Schreiber</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a> , et al. (3 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.02912v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) mission is developing high performance clocks and links for space to test Einstein's theory of general relativity. From the International Space Station, the ACES payload will distribute a clock signal with fractional frequency stability and accuracy of 1E-16 establishing a worldwide network to compare clocks in space and on the ground. ACES will provide an… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.02912v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2411.02912v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2411.02912v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) mission is developing high performance clocks and links for space to test Einstein's theory of general relativity. From the International Space Station, the ACES payload will distribute a clock signal with fractional frequency stability and accuracy of 1E-16 establishing a worldwide network to compare clocks in space and on the ground. ACES will provide an absolute measurement of Einstein's gravitational redshift, it will search for time variations of fundamental constants, contribute to test topological dark matter models, and perform Standard Model Extension tests. Moreover, the ground clocks connected to the ACES network will be compared over different continents and used to measure geopotential differences at the clock locations. After solving some technical problems, the ACES flight model is now approaching its completion. System tests involving the laser-cooled Cs clock PHARAO, the active H-maser SHM and the on-board frequency comparator FCDP have measured the performance of the clock signal delivered by ACES. The ACES microwave link MWL is currently under test. The single-photon avalanche detector of the optical link ELT has been tested and will now be integrated in the ACES payload. The ACES mission concept, its scientific objectives, and the recent test results are discussed here together with the major milestones that will lead us to the ACES launch. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2411.02912v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2411.02912v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 November, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04836">arXiv:2405.04836</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.04836">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2405.04836">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics">physics.ao-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.10.2.026005">10.1117/1.JATIS.10.2.026005 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> On-ground calibration of the X-ray, gamma-ray, and relativistic electron detector onboard TARANIS </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wada%2C+Y">Yuuki Wada</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pailot%2C+D">Damien Pailot</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cojocari%2C+I">Ion Cojocari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Br%C3%A9elle%2C+E">Eric Br茅elle</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Colonges%2C+S">St茅phane Colonges</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baronick%2C+J">Jean-Pierre Baronick</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lebrun%2C+F">Fran莽ois Lebrun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blelly%2C+P">Pierre-Louis Blelly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sarria%2C+D">David Sarria</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nakazawa%2C+K">Kazuhiro Nakazawa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clark%2C+M+L">Miles Lindsey Clark</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2405.04836v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We developed the X-ray, Gamma-ray and Relativistic Electron detector (XGRE) onboard the TARANIS satellite, to investigate high-energy phenomena associated with lightning discharges such as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and terrestrial electron beams. XGRE consisted of three sensors. Each sensor has one layer of LaBr$_{3}$ crystals for X-ray/gamma-ray detections, and two layers of plastic scintilla… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2405.04836v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2405.04836v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2405.04836v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We developed the X-ray, Gamma-ray and Relativistic Electron detector (XGRE) onboard the TARANIS satellite, to investigate high-energy phenomena associated with lightning discharges such as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and terrestrial electron beams. XGRE consisted of three sensors. Each sensor has one layer of LaBr$_{3}$ crystals for X-ray/gamma-ray detections, and two layers of plastic scintillators for electron and charged-particle discrimination. Since 2018, the flight model of XGRE was developed, and validation and calibration tests, such as a thermal cycle test and a calibration test with the sensors onboard the satellite were performed before the launch of TARANIS on 17 November 2020. The energy range of the LaBr$_{3}$ crystals sensitive to X-rays and gamma rays was determined to be 0.04-11.6 MeV, 0.08-11.0 MeV, and 0.08-11.3 MeV for XGRE1, 2, and 3, respectively. The energy resolution at 0.662 MeV (full width at half maximum) was to be 20.5%, 25.9%, and 28.6%, respectively. Results from the calibration test were then used to validate a simulation model of XGRE and TARANIS. By performing Monte Carlo simulations with the verified model, we calculated effective areas of XGRE to X-rays, gamma rays, electrons, and detector responses to incident photons and electrons coming from various elevation and azimuth angles. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2405.04836v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2405.04836v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 May, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">25 pages, 20 figures, 1 table, published in Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. Copyright 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 10(2), 026005 (7 May 2024) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.11187">arXiv:2309.11187</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.11187">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2309.11187">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629872">10.1117/12.2629872 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The TRILL project: increasing the technological readiness of Laue lenses </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferro%2C+L">Lisa Ferro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Virgilli%2C+E">Enrico Virgilli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moita%2C+M">Miguel Moita</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frontera%2C+F">Filippo Frontera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosati%2C+P">Piero Rosati</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Guidorzi%2C+C">Cristiano Guidorzi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferrari%2C+C">Claudio Ferrari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lolli%2C+R">Riccardo Lolli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caroli%2C+E">Ezio Caroli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Auricchio%2C+N">Natalia Auricchio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stephen%2C+J+B">John B. Stephen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Del+Sordo%2C+S">Stefano Del Sordo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gargano%2C+C">Carmelo Gargano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Squerzanti%2C+S">Stefano Squerzanti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pucci%2C+M">Mauro Pucci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Limousin%2C+O">Olivier Limousin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meuris%2C+A">Aline Meuris</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Allaire%2C+H">Hugo Allaire</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2309.11187v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Hard X-/soft Gamma-ray astronomy (> 100 keV) is a crucial field for the study of important astrophysical phenomena such as the 511 keV positron annihilation line in the Galactic center region and its origin, gamma-ray bursts, soft gamma-ray repeaters, nuclear lines from SN explosions and more. However, several key questions in this field require sensitivity and angular resolution that are hardly a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2309.11187v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2309.11187v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2309.11187v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Hard X-/soft Gamma-ray astronomy (> 100 keV) is a crucial field for the study of important astrophysical phenomena such as the 511 keV positron annihilation line in the Galactic center region and its origin, gamma-ray bursts, soft gamma-ray repeaters, nuclear lines from SN explosions and more. However, several key questions in this field require sensitivity and angular resolution that are hardly achievable with present technology. A new generation of instruments suitable to focus hard X-/soft Gamma-rays is necessary to overcome the technological limitations of current direct-viewing telescopes. One solution is using Laue lenses based on Bragg's diffraction in a transmission configuration. To date, this technology is in an advanced stage of development and further efforts are being made in order to significantly increase its technology readiness level (TRL). To this end, massive production of suitable crystals is required, as well as an improvement of the capability of their alignment. Such a technological improvement could be exploited in stratospheric balloon experiments and, ultimately, in space missions with a telescope of about 20 m focal length, capable of focusing over a broad energy pass-band. We present the latest technological developments of the TRILL (Technological Readiness Increase for Laue Lenses) project, supported by ASI, devoted to the advancement of the technological readiness of Laue lenses. We show the method we developed for preparing suitable bent Germanium and Silicon crystals and the latest advancements in crystals alignment technology. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2309.11187v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2309.11187v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 September, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.16880</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Proceedings Volume 12181, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray; 121812K (2022) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09130">arXiv:2303.09130</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.09130">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309493">10.1117/12.2309493 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The EUCLID NISP grisms flight models performance </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Costille%2C+A">Anne Costille</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caillat%2C+A">A. Caillat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rossin%2C+C">C. Rossin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pascal%2C+S">S. Pascal</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sanchez%2C+P">P. Sanchez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barette%2C+R">R. Barette</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Foulon%2C+B">B. Foulon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pari%C3%A8s%2C+C">C. Pari猫s</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2303.09130v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> ESA EUCLID mission will be launched in 2020 to understand the nature of the dark energy responsible of the accelerated expansion of the Universe and to map the geometry of the dark matter. The map will investigate the distanceredshift relationship and the evolution of cosmic structures thanks to two instruments: the NISP and the VIS. The NISP (Near Infrared Spectro-Photometer) is operating in the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2303.09130v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2303.09130v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2303.09130v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> ESA EUCLID mission will be launched in 2020 to understand the nature of the dark energy responsible of the accelerated expansion of the Universe and to map the geometry of the dark matter. The map will investigate the distanceredshift relationship and the evolution of cosmic structures thanks to two instruments: the NISP and the VIS. The NISP (Near Infrared Spectro-Photometer) is operating in the near-IR spectral range (0.9-2$渭$m) with two observing modes: the photometric mode for the acquisition of images with broad band filters, and the spectroscopic mode for the acquisition of slitless dispersed images on the detectors. The spectroscopic mode uses four low resolution grisms to cover two spectral ranges: three ''red'' grisms for 1250-1850nm range, with three different orientations, and one ''blue'' grism for 920- 1300nm range. The NISP grisms are complex optical components combining four main optical functions: a grism function (dispersion without beam deviation of the first diffracted order) done by the grating on the prism hypotenuse, a spectral filter done by a multilayer filter deposited on the first face of the prism to select the spectral bandpass, a focus function done by the curved filter face of the prism (curvature radius of 10m) and a spectral wavefront correction done by the grating which grooves paths are nor parallel, neither straight. The development of these components have been started since 10 years at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM) and was linked to the project phases: prototypes have been developed to demonstrate the feasibility, then engineering and qualification models to validate the optical and mechanical performance of the component, finally the flight models have been manufactured and tested and will be installed on NISP instrument. In this paper, we present the optical performance of the four EUCLID NISP grisms flight models characterized at LAM: wavefront error, spectral transmission and grating groove profiles. The test devices and the methods developed for the characterization of these specific optical components are described. The analysis of the test results have shown that the grisms flight models for NISP are within specifications with an efficiency better than 70% on the spectral bandpass and a wavefront error on surfaces better than 30nm RMS. The components have withstood vibration qualification level up to 11.6g RMS in random test and vacuum cryogenics test down to 130K with measurement of optical quality in transmission. The EUCLID grisms flight models have been delivered to NISP project in November 2017 after the test campaign done at LAM that has demonstrated the compliance to the specifications. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2303.09130v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2303.09130v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 March, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2018, Jun 2018, Austin, United States. pp.106982B </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.04515">arXiv:2201.04515</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.04515">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2201.04515">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Discrete Mathematics">cs.DM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Chemical Physics">physics.chem-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Molecular Networks">q-bio.MN</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Representing catalytic mechanisms with rule composition </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andersen%2C+J+L">Jakob L. Andersen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fagerberg%2C+R">Rolf Fagerberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Flamm%2C+C">Christoph Flamm</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fontana%2C+W">Walter Fontana</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kol%C4%8D%C3%A1k%2C+J">Juri Kol膷谩k</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+C+V+F+P">Christophe V. F. P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Merkle%2C+D">Daniel Merkle</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=N%C3%B8jgaard%2C+N">Nikolai N酶jgaard</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2201.04515v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Reaction mechanisms are often presented as sequences of elementary steps, such as codified by arrow pushing. We propose an approach for representing such mechanisms using graph transformation. In this framework, each elementary step is a rule for modifying a molecular graph and a mechanism is a sequence of such rules. To generate a compact representation of a multi-step reaction, we compose the ru… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2201.04515v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2201.04515v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2201.04515v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Reaction mechanisms are often presented as sequences of elementary steps, such as codified by arrow pushing. We propose an approach for representing such mechanisms using graph transformation. In this framework, each elementary step is a rule for modifying a molecular graph and a mechanism is a sequence of such rules. To generate a compact representation of a multi-step reaction, we compose the rules of individual steps into a composite rule, providing a rigorous and fully automated approach to coarse-graining. While the composite rule retains the graphical conditions necessary for the execution of a mechanism, it also records information about transient changes not visible by comparing educts and products. By projecting the rule onto a single "overlay graph", we generalize Fujita's idea of an Imaginary Transition Structure from elementary reactions to composite reactions. The utility of the overlay graph construct is exemplified in the context of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. In a first application, we exploit mechanistic information in the Mechanism and Catalytic Site Atlas to construct overlay graphs of hydrolase reactions listed in the database. These graphs point at a spectrum of catalytic entanglement of enzyme and substrate, de-emphasizing the notion of a singular catalyst in favor of a collection of catalytic sites that can be distributed across enzyme and substrate. In a second application, we deploy composite rules to search the Rhea database for reactions of known or unknown mechanism that are, in principle, compatible with the mechanisms implied by the composite rules. We believe this work adds to the utility of graph-transformation formalisms in representing and reasoning about chemistry in an automated yet insightful fashion. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2201.04515v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2201.04515v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 August, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 12 January, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Preprint</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12076">arXiv:2010.12076</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12076">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2010.12076">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Conceptual Design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abeln%2C+A">A. Abeln</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Altenm%C3%BCller%2C+K">K. Altenm眉ller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cuendis%2C+S+A">S. Arguedas Cuendis</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Armengaud%2C+E">E. Armengaud</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Atti%C3%A9%2C+D">D. Atti茅</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aune%2C+S">S. Aune</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basso%2C+S">S. Basso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Berg%C3%A9%2C+L">L. Berg茅</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biasuzzi%2C+B">B. Biasuzzi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Sousa%2C+P+T+C+B">P. T. C. Borges De Sousa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brun%2C+P">P. Brun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bykovskiy%2C+N">N. Bykovskiy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Calvet%2C+D">D. Calvet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carmona%2C+J+M">J. M. Carmona</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Castel%2C+J+F">J. F. Castel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cebri%C3%A1n%2C+S">S. Cebri谩n</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chernov%2C+V">V. Chernov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Christensen%2C+F+E">F. E. Christensen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Civitani%2C+M+M">M. M. Civitani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cogollos%2C+C">C. Cogollos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dafn%C3%AD%2C+T">T. Dafn铆</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Derbin%2C+A">A. Derbin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Desch%2C+K">K. Desch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%ADez%2C+D">D. D铆ez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dinter%2C+M">M. Dinter</a> , et al. (101 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2010.12076v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2010.12076v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2010.12076v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2010.12076v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to $g_{a纬} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$, and masses up to $m_a\sim 0.25$ eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2010.12076v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2010.12076v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 March, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 22 October, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">77 pages, 49 figures. Prepared for submission to JHEP. Third version after referees comments</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07916">arXiv:1601.07916</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.07916">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1601.07916">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Soft Condensed Matter">cond-mat.soft</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Wicking through a confined micropillar array </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Texier%2C+B+D">Baptiste Darbois Texier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stoukatch%2C+S">Serguei Stoukatch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dorbolo%2C+S">St茅phane Dorbolo</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1601.07916v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This study considers the spreading of a Newtonian and perfectly wetting liquid in a square array of cylindric micropillars confined between two plates. We show experimentally that the dynamics of the contact line follows a Washburn-like law which depends on the characteristics of the micropillar array (height, diameter and pitch). The presence of pillars can either enhanced or slow down the motion… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1601.07916v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1601.07916v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1601.07916v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This study considers the spreading of a Newtonian and perfectly wetting liquid in a square array of cylindric micropillars confined between two plates. We show experimentally that the dynamics of the contact line follows a Washburn-like law which depends on the characteristics of the micropillar array (height, diameter and pitch). The presence of pillars can either enhanced or slow down the motion of the contact line. A theoretical model based on capillary and viscous forces has been developed in order to rationalize our observations. Finally, the impact of pillars on the volumic flow rate of liquid which is pumped in the microchannel is inspected. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1601.07916v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1601.07916v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 February, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 28 January, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2016. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00305">arXiv:1512.00305</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.00305">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1512.00305">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1512.00305">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.07.022">10.1016/j.nima.2015.07.022 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Fast-neutron induced background in LaBr3:Ce detectors </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiener%2C+J">J. Kiener</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tatischeff%2C+V">V. Tatischeff</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Deloncle%2C+I">I. Deloncle</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=de+S%C3%A9r%C3%A9ville%2C+N">N. de S茅r茅ville</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blondel%2C+C">C. Blondel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chabot%2C+M">M. Chabot</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chipaux%2C+R">R. Chipaux</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coc%2C+A">A. Coc</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dubos%2C+S">S. Dubos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gostojic%2C+A">A. Gostojic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Goutev%2C+N">N. Goutev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hamadache%2C+C">C. Hamadache</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hammache%2C+F">F. Hammache</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horeau%2C+B">B. Horeau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Limousin%2C+O">O. Limousin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ouichaoui%2C+S">S. Ouichaoui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pr%C3%A9vot%2C+G">G. Pr茅vot</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Gas%C3%A9n%2C+R">R. Rodr铆guez-Gas茅n</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yavahchova%2C+M+S">M. S. Yavahchova</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1512.00305v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The response of a scintillation detector with a cylindrical 1.5-inch LaBr3:Ce crystal to incident neutrons has been measured in the energy range En = 2-12 MeV. Neutrons were produced by proton irradiation of a Li target at Ep = 5-14.6 MeV with pulsed proton beams. Using the time-of-flight information between target and detector, energy spectra of the LaBr3:Ce detector resulting from fast neutron i… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1512.00305v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1512.00305v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1512.00305v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The response of a scintillation detector with a cylindrical 1.5-inch LaBr3:Ce crystal to incident neutrons has been measured in the energy range En = 2-12 MeV. Neutrons were produced by proton irradiation of a Li target at Ep = 5-14.6 MeV with pulsed proton beams. Using the time-of-flight information between target and detector, energy spectra of the LaBr3:Ce detector resulting from fast neutron interactions have been obtained at 4 different neutron energies. Neutron-induced gamma rays emitted by the LaBr3:Ce crystal were also measured in a nearby Ge detector at the lowest proton beam energy. In addition, we obtained data for neutron irradiation of a large-volume high-purity Ge detector and of a NE-213 liquid scintillator detector, both serving as monitor detectors in the experiment. Monte-Carlo type simulations for neutron interactions in the liquid scintillator, the Ge and LaBr3:Ce crystals have been performed and compared with measured data. Good agreement being obtained with the data, we present the results of simulations to predict the response of LaBr3:Ce detectors for a range of crystal sizes to neutron irradiation in the energy range En = 0.5-10 MeV <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1512.00305v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1512.00305v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 1 December, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">28 pages, 10 figures, 4 Tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Physics Research A 798, 152 (2015) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.04623">arXiv:1507.04623</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.04623">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1507.04623">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2015.03.010">10.1016/j.crhy.2015.03.010 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Atomic fountains and optical clocks at SYRTE: status and perspectives </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chupin%2C+B">B. Chupin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Sarlo%2C+L">L. De Sarlo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gu%C3%A9na%2C+J">J. Gu茅na</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Ph. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coq%2C+Y+L">Y. Le Coq</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Targat%2C+R+L">R. Le Targat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lodewyck%2C+J">J. Lodewyck</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lours%2C+M">M. Lours</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">P. Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+D">D. Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1507.04623v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In this article, we report on the work done with the LNE-SYRTE atomic clock ensemble during the last 10 years. We cover progress made in atomic fountains and in their application to timekeeping. We also cover the development of optical lattice clocks based on strontium and on mercury. We report on tests of fundamental physical laws made with these highly accurate atomic clocks. We also report on w… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1507.04623v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1507.04623v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1507.04623v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In this article, we report on the work done with the LNE-SYRTE atomic clock ensemble during the last 10 years. We cover progress made in atomic fountains and in their application to timekeeping. We also cover the development of optical lattice clocks based on strontium and on mercury. We report on tests of fundamental physical laws made with these highly accurate atomic clocks. We also report on work relevant to a future possible redefinition of the SI second. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1507.04623v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1507.04623v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 July, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Comptes Rendus Physique Volume 16, Issue 5, June 2015, Pages 461 to 470 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.06376">arXiv:1502.06376</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.06376">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1502.06376">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1502.06376">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914025">10.1063/1.4914025 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> PHARAO Laser Source Flight Model: Design and Performances </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=L%C3%A9v%C3%A8que%2C+T">Thomas L茅v猫que</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Faure%2C+B">Benoit Faure</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Esnault%2C+F">Fran莽ois-Xavier Esnault</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Delaroche%2C+C">Christophe Delaroche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Massonnet%2C+D">Didier Massonnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Grosjean%2C+O">Olivier Grosjean</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buffe%2C+F">Fabrice Buffe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Torresi%2C+P">Patrizia Torresi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bomer%2C+T">Thierry Bomer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pichon%2C+A">Alexandre Pichon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=B%C3%A9raud%2C+P">Pascal B茅raud</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lelay%2C+J">Jean-Pierre Lelay</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thomin%2C+S">St茅phane Thomin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1502.06376v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In this paper, we describe the design and the main performances of the PHARAO laser source flight model. PHARAO is a laser cooled cesium clock specially designed for operation in space and the laser source is one of the main sub-systems. The flight model presented in this work is the first remote-controlled laser system designed for spaceborne cold atom manipulation. The main challenges arise from… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1502.06376v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1502.06376v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1502.06376v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In this paper, we describe the design and the main performances of the PHARAO laser source flight model. PHARAO is a laser cooled cesium clock specially designed for operation in space and the laser source is one of the main sub-systems. The flight model presented in this work is the first remote-controlled laser system designed for spaceborne cold atom manipulation. The main challenges arise from mechanical compatibility with space constraints, which impose a high level of compactness, a low electric power consumption, a wide range of operating temperature and a vacuum environment. We describe the main functions of the laser source and give an overview of the main technologies developed for this instrument. We present some results of the qualification process. The characteristics of the laser source flight model, and their impact on the clock performances, have been verified in operational conditions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1502.06376v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1502.06376v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 February, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Accepted for publication in Review of Scientific Instruments</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Review of Scientific Instruments 86, 033104 (2015) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.6046">arXiv:1301.6046</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.6046">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3109">10.1038/ncomms3109 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Experimenting an optical second with strontium lattice clocks </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Targat%2C+R+L">R. Le Targat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lorini%2C+L">L. Lorini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coq%2C+Y+L">Y. Le Coq</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zawada%2C+M">M. Zawada</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gu%C3%A9na%2C+J">J. Gu茅na</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gurov%2C+M">M. Gurov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">P. Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+D+G">D. G. Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nag%C3%B3rny%2C+B">B. Nag贸rny</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gartman%2C+R">R. Gartman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Westergaard%2C+P+G">P. G. Westergaard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tobar%2C+M+E">M. E. Tobar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lours%2C+M">M. Lours</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">P. Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lodewyck%2C+J">J. Lodewyck</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1301.6046v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Progress in realizing the SI second had multiple technological impacts and enabled to further constraint theoretical models in fundamental physics. Caesium microwave fountains, realizing best the second according to its current definition with a relative uncertainty of 2-4x10^(-16), have already been superseded by atomic clocks referenced to an optical transition, both more stable and more accurat… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1301.6046v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1301.6046v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1301.6046v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Progress in realizing the SI second had multiple technological impacts and enabled to further constraint theoretical models in fundamental physics. Caesium microwave fountains, realizing best the second according to its current definition with a relative uncertainty of 2-4x10^(-16), have already been superseded by atomic clocks referenced to an optical transition, both more stable and more accurate. Are we ready for a new definition of the second? Here we present an important step in this direction: our system of five clocks connects with an unprecedented consistency the optical and the microwave worlds. For the first time, two state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clocks are proven to agree within their accuracy budget, with a total uncertainty of 1.6x10^(-16). Their comparison with three independent caesium fountains shows a degree of reproducibility henceforth solely limited at the level of 3.1x10^(-16) by the best realizations of the microwave-defined second. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1301.6046v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1301.6046v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 July, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 25 January, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nature Communication 4, 2109 (July 2013) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.0483">arXiv:1301.0483</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.0483">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1301.0483">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1461">10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1461 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Demonstration of a Dual Alkali Rb/Cs Atomic Fountain Clock </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gu%C3%A9na%2C+J">J. Gu茅na</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">P. Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Ph. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+D">D. Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lours%2C+M">M. Lours</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tobar%2C+M+E">M. E. Tobar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1301.0483v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report the operation of a dual Rb/Cs atomic fountain clock. 133Cs and 87Rb atoms are cooled, launched, and detected simultaneously in LNE-SYRTE's FO2 double fountain. The dual clock operation occurs with no degradation of either the stability or the accuracy. We describe the key features for achieving such a simultaneous operation. We also report on the results of the first Rb/Cs frequency meas… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1301.0483v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1301.0483v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1301.0483v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report the operation of a dual Rb/Cs atomic fountain clock. 133Cs and 87Rb atoms are cooled, launched, and detected simultaneously in LNE-SYRTE's FO2 double fountain. The dual clock operation occurs with no degradation of either the stability or the accuracy. We describe the key features for achieving such a simultaneous operation. We also report on the results of the first Rb/Cs frequency measurement campaign performed with FO2 in this dual atom clock configuration, including a new determination of the absolute 87Rb hyperfine frequency. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1301.0483v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1301.0483v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 3 January, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 10 figures, 23 references</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 57, 647 (2010) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6239">arXiv:1206.6239</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.6239">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1206.6239">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Space Physics">physics.space-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Time and frequency transfer with a microwave link in the ACES/PHARAO mission </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Delva%2C+P">P. Delva</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meynadier%2C+F">F. Meynadier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wolf%2C+P">P. Wolf</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Poncin-Lafitte%2C+C+L">C. Le Poncin-Lafitte</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1206.6239v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Atomic Clocks Ensemble in Space (ACES/PHARAO mission), which will be installed on board the International Space Station (ISS), uses a dedicated two-way Micro-Wave Link (MWL) in order to compare the timescale generated on board with those provided by many ground stations disseminated on the Earth. Phase accuracy and stability of this long range link will have a key role in the success of the AC… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1206.6239v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1206.6239v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1206.6239v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Atomic Clocks Ensemble in Space (ACES/PHARAO mission), which will be installed on board the International Space Station (ISS), uses a dedicated two-way Micro-Wave Link (MWL) in order to compare the timescale generated on board with those provided by many ground stations disseminated on the Earth. Phase accuracy and stability of this long range link will have a key role in the success of the ACES/PHARAO experiment. SYRTE laboratory is heavily involved in the design and development of the data processing software : from theoretical modelling and numerical simulations to the development of a software prototype. Our team is working on a wide range of problems that need to be solved in order to achieve high accuracy in (almost) real time. In this article we present some key aspects of the measurement, as well as current status of the software's development. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1206.6239v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1206.6239v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 June, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Proceedings of the European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) 2012 held in Gothenburg, Sweden, April 2012</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.4235">arXiv:1205.4235</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.4235">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1205.4235">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1205.4235">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.080801">10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.080801 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Improved tests of Local Position Invariance using 87Rb and 133Cs fountains </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gu%C3%A9na%2C+J">Jocelyne Gu茅na</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">Michel Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+D">Daniele Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">Peter Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tobar%2C+M+E">Michael E. Tobar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">Andr茅 Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S茅bastien Bize</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1205.4235v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report tests of local position invariance based on measurements of the ratio of the ground state hyperfine frequencies of 133Cs and 87Rb in laser-cooled atomic fountain clocks. Measurements extending over 14 years set a stringent limit to a possible variation with time of this ratio: d ln(nu_Rb/nu_Cs)/dt=(-1.39 +/- 0.91)x 10-16 yr-1. This improves by a factor of 7.7 over our previous report (H.… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1205.4235v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1205.4235v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1205.4235v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report tests of local position invariance based on measurements of the ratio of the ground state hyperfine frequencies of 133Cs and 87Rb in laser-cooled atomic fountain clocks. Measurements extending over 14 years set a stringent limit to a possible variation with time of this ratio: d ln(nu_Rb/nu_Cs)/dt=(-1.39 +/- 0.91)x 10-16 yr-1. This improves by a factor of 7.7 over our previous report (H. Marion et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 150801 (2003)). Our measurements also set the first limit to a fractional variation of the Rb/Cs ratio with gravitational potential at the level of c^2 d ln(nu_Rb/nu_Cs)/dU=(0.11 +/- 1.04)x 10^-6, providing a new stringent differential redshift test. The above limits equivalently apply to the fractional variation of the quantity alpha^{-0.49}x(g_Rb/g_Cs), which involves the fine structure constant alpha and the ratio of the nuclear g-factors of the two alkalis. The link with variations of the light quark mass is also presented together with a global analysis combining with other available highly accurate clock comparisons. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1205.4235v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1205.4235v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 August, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 18 May, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, 34 references</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 080801 (2012) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.3621">arXiv:1204.3621</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1204.3621">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1204.3621">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2208">10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2208 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Progress in Atomic Fountains at LNE-SYRTE </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gu%C3%A9na%2C+J">Jocelyne Gu茅na</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">Michel Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+D">Daniele Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chupin%2C+B">Baptiste Chupin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lours%2C+M">Michel Lours</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">Giorgio Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">Peter Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tobar%2C+M+E">Michael E. Tobar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+R">Ruoxin Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gibble%2C+K">Kurt Gibble</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">Andr茅 Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S茅bastien Bize</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1204.3621v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We give an overview of the work done with the Laboratoire National de M茅trologie et d'Essais-Syst猫mes de R茅f茅rence Temps-Espace (LNE-SYRTE) fountain ensemble during the last five years. After a description of the clock ensemble, comprising three fountains, FO1, FO2, and FOM, and the newest developments, we review recent studies of several systematic frequency shifts. This includes the distributed… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1204.3621v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1204.3621v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1204.3621v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We give an overview of the work done with the Laboratoire National de M茅trologie et d'Essais-Syst猫mes de R茅f茅rence Temps-Espace (LNE-SYRTE) fountain ensemble during the last five years. After a description of the clock ensemble, comprising three fountains, FO1, FO2, and FOM, and the newest developments, we review recent studies of several systematic frequency shifts. This includes the distributed cavity phase shift, which we evaluate for the FO1 and FOM fountains, applying the techniques of our recent work on FO2. We also report calculations of the microwave lensing frequency shift for the three fountains, review the status of the blackbody radiation shift, and summarize recent experimental work to control microwave leakage and spurious phase perturbations. We give current accuracy budgets. We also describe several applications in time and frequency metrology: fountain comparisons, calibrations of the international atomic time, secondary representation of the SI second based on the 87Rb hyperfine frequency, absolute measurements of optical frequencies, tests of the T2L2 satellite laser link, and review fundamental physics applications of the LNE-SYRTE fountain ensemble. Finally, we give a summary of the tests of the PHARAO cold atom space clock performed using the FOM transportable fountain. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1204.3621v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1204.3621v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 April, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">19 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, 126 references</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol. 59, pages 391-420 (2012) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3101">arXiv:1107.3101</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.3101">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1107.3101">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1107.3101">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.203001">10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.203001 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Improved Measurement of the Hydrogen 1S - 2S Transition Frequency </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Parthey%2C+C+G">Christian G. Parthey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Matveev%2C+A">Arthur Matveev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alnis%2C+J">Janis Alnis</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bernhardt%2C+B">Birgitta Bernhardt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beyer%2C+A">Axel Beyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holzwarth%2C+R">Ronald Holzwarth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maistrou%2C+A">Aliaksei Maistrou</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pohl%2C+R">Randolf Pohl</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Predehl%2C+K">Katharina Predehl</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Udem%2C+T">Thomas Udem</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wilken%2C+T">Tobias Wilken</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kolachevsky%2C+N">Nikolai Kolachevsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">Michel Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+D">Daniele Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Salomon%2C+C">Christophe Salomon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=H%C3%A4nsch%2C+T+W">Theodor W. H盲nsch</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1107.3101v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have measured the 1S - 2S transition frequency in atomic hydrogen via two photon spectroscopy on a 5.8 K atomic beam. We obtain $f_{1S-2S} = 2 466 061 413 187 035 (10)$ Hz for the hyperfine centroid. This is a fractional frequency uncertainty of $4.2\times 10^{-15}$ improving the previous measure- ment by our own group [M. Fischer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230802 (2004)] by a factor of 3.3.… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1107.3101v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1107.3101v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1107.3101v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have measured the 1S - 2S transition frequency in atomic hydrogen via two photon spectroscopy on a 5.8 K atomic beam. We obtain $f_{1S-2S} = 2 466 061 413 187 035 (10)$ Hz for the hyperfine centroid. This is a fractional frequency uncertainty of $4.2\times 10^{-15}$ improving the previous measure- ment by our own group [M. Fischer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230802 (2004)] by a factor of 3.3. The probe laser frequency was phase coherently linked to the mobile cesium fountain clock FOM via a frequency comb. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1107.3101v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1107.3101v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 July, 2011; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2011. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 4 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.1414">arXiv:0806.1414</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0806.1414">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/0806.1414">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0806.1414">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.023002">10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.023002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Absolute frequency measurement of the 40Ca+ S1/2 - D5/2 clock transition </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chwalla%2C+M">M. Chwalla</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benhelm%2C+J">J. Benhelm</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+K">K. Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirchmair%2C+G">G. Kirchmair</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Monz%2C+T">T. Monz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Riebe%2C+M">M. Riebe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schindler%2C+P">P. Schindler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Villar%2C+A+S">A. S. Villar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Haensel%2C+W">W. Haensel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roos%2C+C+F">C. F. Roos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blatt%2C+R">R. Blatt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+G+D">G. D. Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Ph. Laurent</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0806.1414v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report on the first absolute transition frequency measurement at the 10^{-15} level with a single, laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion in a linear Paul trap. For this measurement, a frequency comb is referenced to the transportable Cs atomic fountain clock of LNE-SYRTE and is used to measure the S1/2-D5/2 electric-quadrupole transition frequency. After the correction of systematic shifts, the clock transi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0806.1414v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0806.1414v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0806.1414v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report on the first absolute transition frequency measurement at the 10^{-15} level with a single, laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion in a linear Paul trap. For this measurement, a frequency comb is referenced to the transportable Cs atomic fountain clock of LNE-SYRTE and is used to measure the S1/2-D5/2 electric-quadrupole transition frequency. After the correction of systematic shifts, the clock transition frequency f_Ca+ = 411 042 129 776 393.2 (1.0) Hz is obtained, which corresponds to a fractional uncertainty within a factor of three of the Cs standard. Future improvements are expected to lead to an uncertainty surpassing the best Cs fountain clocks. In addition, we determine the Lande g-factor of the D5/2 level to be gD5/2=1.2003340(3). <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0806.1414v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0806.1414v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 9 June, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2008. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 023002 (2009) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0710.0086">arXiv:0710.0086</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0710.0086">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/0710.0086">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0710.0086">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2007-00330-3">10.1140/epjd/e2007-00330-3 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> An Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-polarized 87Sr Atoms </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baillard%2C+X">Xavier Baillard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fouch%C3%A9%2C+M">Mathilde Fouch茅</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Targat%2C+R+L">Rodolphe Le Targat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Westergaard%2C+P+G">Philip G. Westergaard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lecallier%2C+A">Arnaud Lecallier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapelet%2C+F">Fr茅d茅ric Chapelet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">Michel Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rovera%2C+G+D">Giovanni D. Rovera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Philippe Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">Peter Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S茅bastien Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">Giorgio Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">Andr茅 Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">Pierre Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Grosche%2C+G">Gesine Grosche</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lipphardt%2C+B">Burghard Lipphardt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schnatz%2C+H">Harald Schnatz</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0710.0086v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present a new evaluation of an 87Sr optical lattice clock using spin polarized atoms. The frequency of the 1S0-3P0 clock transition is found to be 429 228 004 229 873.6 Hz with a fractional accuracy of 2.6 10^{-15}, a value that is comparable to the frequency difference between the various primary standards throughout the world. This measurement is in excellent agreement with a previous one o… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0710.0086v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0710.0086v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0710.0086v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present a new evaluation of an 87Sr optical lattice clock using spin polarized atoms. The frequency of the 1S0-3P0 clock transition is found to be 429 228 004 229 873.6 Hz with a fractional accuracy of 2.6 10^{-15}, a value that is comparable to the frequency difference between the various primary standards throughout the world. This measurement is in excellent agreement with a previous one of similar accuracy. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0710.0086v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0710.0086v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 September, 2007; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2007. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0605046">arXiv:physics/0605046</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0605046">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0605046">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0605046">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Physics">physics.gen-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.05.011">10.1016/j.optcom.2006.05.011 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Interference-filter-stabilized external-cavity diode lasers </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baillard%2C+X">X. Baillard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gauguet%2C+A">A. Gauguet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">P. Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Ph. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">P. Rosenbusch</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0605046v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have developed external-cavity diode lasers, where the wavelength selection is assured by a low loss interference filter instead of the common diffraction grating. The filter allows a linear cavity design reducing the sensitivity of the wavelength and the external cavity feedback against misalignment. By separating the feedback and wavelength selection functions, both can be optimized indepen… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0605046v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0605046v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0605046v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have developed external-cavity diode lasers, where the wavelength selection is assured by a low loss interference filter instead of the common diffraction grating. The filter allows a linear cavity design reducing the sensitivity of the wavelength and the external cavity feedback against misalignment. By separating the feedback and wavelength selection functions, both can be optimized independently leading to an increased tunability of the laser. The design is employed for the generation of laser light at 698, 780 and 852 nm. Its characteristics make it a well suited candidate for space-born lasers. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0605046v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0605046v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 May, 2006; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2006. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0502117">arXiv:physics/0502117</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0502117">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0502117">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0502117">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/002">10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Cold atom Clocks and Applications </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marion%2C+H">H. Marion</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maksimovic%2C+I">I. Maksimovic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cacciapuoti%2C+L">L. Cacciapuoti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gruenert%2C+J">J. Gruenert</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vian%2C+C">C. Vian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santos%2C+F+P+d">F. Pereira dos Santos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenbusch%2C+P">P. Rosenbusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">P. Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wolf%2C+P">P. Wolf</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Luiten%2C+A">A. Luiten</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tobar%2C+M">M. Tobar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Salomon%2C+C">C. Salomon</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0502117v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This paper describes advances in microwave frequency standards using laser-cooled atoms at BNM-SYRTE. First, recent improvements of the $^{133}$Cs and $^{87}$Rb atomic fountains are described. Thanks to the routine use of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator as an ultra-stable local frequency reference, a fountain frequency instability of $1.6\times 10^{-14}蟿^{-1/2}$ where $蟿$ is the measurement time… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0502117v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0502117v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0502117v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This paper describes advances in microwave frequency standards using laser-cooled atoms at BNM-SYRTE. First, recent improvements of the $^{133}$Cs and $^{87}$Rb atomic fountains are described. Thanks to the routine use of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator as an ultra-stable local frequency reference, a fountain frequency instability of $1.6\times 10^{-14}蟿^{-1/2}$ where $蟿$ is the measurement time in seconds is measured. The second advance is a powerful method to control the frequency shift due to cold collisions. These two advances lead to a frequency stability of $2\times 10^{-16}$ at $50,000s for the first time for primary standards. In addition, these clocks realize the SI second with an accuracy of $7\times 10^{-16}$, one order of magnitude below that of uncooled devices. In a second part, we describe tests of possible variations of fundamental constants using $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs fountains. Finally we give an update on the cold atom space clock PHARAO developed in collaboration with CNES. This clock is one of the main instruments of the ACES/ESA mission which is scheduled to fly on board the International Space Station in 2008, enabling a new generation of relativity tests. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0502117v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0502117v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 February, 2005; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2005. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">30 pages, 11 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0312086">arXiv:physics/0312086</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0312086">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0312086">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0312086">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.230802">10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.230802 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> New Limits to the Drift of Fundamental Constants from Laboratory Measurements </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fischer%2C+M">M. Fischer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kolachevsky%2C+N">N. Kolachevsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zimmermann%2C+M">M. Zimmermann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holzwarth%2C+R">R. Holzwarth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Udem%2C+T">Th. Udem</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Haensch%2C+T+W">T. W. Haensch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gruenert%2C+J">J. Gruenert</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maksimovic%2C+I">I. Maksimovic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marion%2C+H">H. Marion</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santos%2C+F+P+D">F. Pereira Dos Santos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">P. Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Salomon%2C+C">C. Salomon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Haas%2C+M">M. Haas</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jentschura%2C+U+D">U. D. Jentschura</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Keitel%2C+C+H">C. H. Keitel</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0312086v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have remeasured the absolute $1S$-$2S$ transition frequency $谓_{\rm {H}}$ in atomic hydrogen. A comparison with the result of the previous measurement performed in 1999 sets a limit of $(-29\pm 57)$ Hz for the drift of $谓_{\rm {H}}$ with respect to the ground state hyperfine splitting $谓_{\rm {Cs}}$ in $^{133}$Cs. Combining this result with the recently published optical transition frequency… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0312086v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0312086v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0312086v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have remeasured the absolute $1S$-$2S$ transition frequency $谓_{\rm {H}}$ in atomic hydrogen. A comparison with the result of the previous measurement performed in 1999 sets a limit of $(-29\pm 57)$ Hz for the drift of $谓_{\rm {H}}$ with respect to the ground state hyperfine splitting $谓_{\rm {Cs}}$ in $^{133}$Cs. Combining this result with the recently published optical transition frequency in $^{199}$Hg$^+$ against $谓_{\rm {Cs}}$ and a microwave $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs clock comparison, we deduce separate limits on $\dot伪/伪= (-0.9\pm 2.9)\times 10^{-15}$ yr$^{-1}$ and the fractional time variation of the ratio of Rb and Cs nuclear magnetic moments $渭_{\rm {Rb}}/渭_{\rm {Cs}}$ equal to $(-0.5 \pm 1.7)\times 10^{-15}$ yr$^{-1}$. The latter provides information on the temporal behavior of the constant of strong interaction. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0312086v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0312086v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 June, 2004; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 12 December, 2003; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2003. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230802 (2004) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0311128">arXiv:physics/0311128</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0311128">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0311128">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0311128">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/b13178">10.1007/b13178 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Precision Spectroscopy of Atomic Hydrogen and Variations of Fundamental Constants </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fischer%2C+M">M. Fischer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kolachevsky%2C+N">N. Kolachevsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zimmermann%2C+M">M. Zimmermann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holzwarth%2C+R">R. Holzwarth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Udem%2C+T">Th. Udem</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=H%C3%A4nsch%2C+T+W">T. W. H盲nsch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gr%C3%BCnert%2C+J">J. Gr眉nert</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maksimovic%2C+I">I. Maksimovic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marion%2C+H">H. Marion</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santos%2C+F+P+D">F. Pereira Dos Santos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">P. Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">P. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Salomon%2C+C">C. Salomon</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0311128v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In 2003 we have measured the absolute frequency of the $(1S, F=1, m_F=\pm 1) \leftrightarrow (2S, F'=1, m_F'=\pm 1)$ two-photon transition in atomic hydrogen. We observed a variation of $(-29\pm 57)$ Hz over a 44 months interval separating this measurement from the previous one performed in 1999. We have combined this result with recently published results of optical transition frequency measure… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0311128v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0311128v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0311128v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In 2003 we have measured the absolute frequency of the $(1S, F=1, m_F=\pm 1) \leftrightarrow (2S, F'=1, m_F'=\pm 1)$ two-photon transition in atomic hydrogen. We observed a variation of $(-29\pm 57)$ Hz over a 44 months interval separating this measurement from the previous one performed in 1999. We have combined this result with recently published results of optical transition frequency measurement in the $^{199}$Hg$^+$ ion and and comparison between clocks based on $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs. From this combination we deduce the stringent limits for fractional time variation of the fine structure constant $\partial/{\partial t}(\ln 伪)=(-0.9\pm 4.2)\times 10^{-15}$ yr$^{-1}$ and for the ratio of $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs spin magnetic moments $\partial/{\partial t}(\ln[渭_{\rm {Rb}}/渭_{\rm {Cs}}])=(0.5\pm 2.1)\times 10^{-15}$ yr$^{-1}$. This is the first precise restriction for the fractional time variation of $伪$ made without assumptions about the relative drifts of the constants of electromagnetic, strong and weak interactions. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0311128v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0311128v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 July, 2004; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 26 November, 2003; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2003. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">18 pages, 10 figures, invited talk</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Lect.Notes Phys.648:209-227,2004 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0212112">arXiv:physics/0212112</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0212112">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0212112">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0212112">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Astrophysics">astro-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology">gr-qc</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.150801">10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.150801 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A Search for Variations of Fundamental Constants using Atomic Fountain Clocks </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marion%2C+H">H. Marion</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santos%2C+F+P+D">F. Pereira Dos Santos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abgrall%2C+M">M. Abgrall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang%2C+S">S. Zhang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sortais%2C+Y">Y. Sortais</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bize%2C+S">S. Bize</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maksimovic%2C+I">I. Maksimovic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Calonico%2C+D">D. Calonico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gruenert%2C+J">J. Gruenert</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mandache%2C+C">C. Mandache</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lemonde%2C+P">P. Lemonde</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santarelli%2C+G">G. Santarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Laurent%2C+P">Ph. Laurent</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clairon%2C+A">A. Clairon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Salomon%2C+C">C. Salomon</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0212112v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Over five years we have compared the hyperfine frequencies of 133Cs and 87Rb atoms in their electronic ground state using several laser cooled 133Cs and 87Rb atomic fountains with an accuracy of ~10^{-15}. These measurements set a stringent upper bound to a possible fractional time variation of the ratio between the two frequencies : (d/dt)ln(nu_Rb/nu_Cs)=(0.2 +/- 7.0)*10^{-16} yr^{-1} (1 sigma… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0212112v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0212112v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0212112v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Over five years we have compared the hyperfine frequencies of 133Cs and 87Rb atoms in their electronic ground state using several laser cooled 133Cs and 87Rb atomic fountains with an accuracy of ~10^{-15}. These measurements set a stringent upper bound to a possible fractional time variation of the ratio between the two frequencies : (d/dt)ln(nu_Rb/nu_Cs)=(0.2 +/- 7.0)*10^{-16} yr^{-1} (1 sigma uncertainty). The same limit applies to a possible variation of the quantity (mu_Rb/mu_Cs)*alpha^{-0.44}, which involves the ratio of nuclear magnetic moments and the fine structure constant. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0212112v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0212112v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 December, 2002; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2002. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys.Rev.Lett. 90 (2003) 150801 </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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