CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikitech</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )labswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"af1473b8-cb62-48c5-b434-148b9e15b8dd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_Page","wgTitle":"Main Page","wgCurRevisionId":2234806,"wgRevisionId":2234806,"wgArticleId":1,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Main_Page","wgRelevantArticleId":1,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgNoticeProject":"wikitech","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"visual","wgULSPosition":"personal","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready", "user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.pt":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.site","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.uls.interface","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.pt%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikitech"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikitech.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikitech (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikitech Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Main_Page rootpage-Main_Page skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-Server-admin-log:-Prod" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Server_Admin_Log"><span>Server admin log: Prod</span></a></li><li id="n-Admin-log:-RelEng" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Release_Engineering/SAL"><span>Admin log: RelEng</span></a></li><li id="n-Incident-status" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Incident_status"><span>Incident status</span></a></li><li id="n-Deployments" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deployments"><span>Deployments</span></a></li><li id="n-SRE-Team-Help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/SRE/SRE_Team_requests"><span>SRE Team Help</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Cloud_VPS_&_Toolforge" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Cloud_VPS_Toolforge" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cloud VPS & Toolforge </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cloud-VPS-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cloud_VPS"><span>Cloud VPS portal</span></a></li><li id="n-Toolforge-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Toolforge"><span>Toolforge portal</span></a></li><li id="n-Request-VPS-project" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/2875/"><span>Request VPS project</span></a></li><li id="n-Admin-log:-Cloud-VPS" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cloud_VPS_Server_Admin_Log"><span>Admin log: Cloud VPS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikitech.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikitech" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikitech-wordmark.svg" style="width: 8.75em; height: 1.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikitech [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikitech" aria-label="Search Wikitech" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikitech [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-uls" class="mw-list-item active user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="#" class="uls-trigger cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>English</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Edismiss\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"width: 75%; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5); border: var(--border-subtle, 1px solid #987027); color: var(--color-base, #202122); border-radius: 10px; padding: 5px; margin: 0 auto;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:40px; height:40px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; padding: 2px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg/45px-OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 4px; max-height: 60px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWe are migrating Wikitech to \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikitech/SUL-migration\" title=\"Wikitech/SUL-migration\"\u003ESUL\u003C/a\u003E!\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAction may be required for your \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikitech/SUL-migration#What_You_Should_Do\" title=\"Wikitech/SUL-migration\"\u003E account\u003C/a\u003E!\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETrouble logging in? Please visit \u003Ca href=\"https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376267\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"phab:T376267\"\u003ET376267\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Main Page</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Main_Page" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Main_Page" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main_Page" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=2234806" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Main_Page&id=2234806&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwikitech.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMain_Page"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwikitech.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMain_Page"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Main+Page"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Main_Page&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikitech</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Wikitech</b> hosts technical documentation for <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:">Wikimedia Foundation</a> infrastructure and services. To edit this wiki, you need an <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/SUL" class="extiw" title="meta:Special:MyLanguage/SUL">SUL</a> account with a confirmed email address; unlike most other Wikimedia wikis, Wikitech does not permit editing without an account. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2084555">.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-list{border-top:1px solid #a7d7f9}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-list-caption{font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal{border-bottom:1px solid #a7d7f9}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-image,.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-name{font-size:160%;padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-name{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-description{vertical-align:middle;padding:0.5em}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-list{display:table;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-list-caption{display:table-caption}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal{display:table-row;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-image,.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-description,.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-name{border-bottom:1px solid #a7d7f9;display:table-cell;width:25%}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-portal-description{width:75%}}</style> <div class="mw-tpl-portal-list"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2084555"><div class="mw-tpl-portal"><div class="mw-tpl-portal-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Cloud_Services_introduction" title="Help:Cloud Services introduction"><img alt="Introduction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg/80px-Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg/120px-Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg/160px-Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Help:Cloud_Services_introduction" title="Help:Cloud Services introduction">Cloud Services</a></div><div class="mw-tpl-portal-description">Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS) provides tools, services, and support to technical contributors who build or maintain software that helps the Wikimedia movement. For help deciding which service is right for you, see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cloud_Services_introduction" title="Help:Cloud Services introduction">Cloud Services introduction</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2126319">.mw-parser-output .tpl-contentgrid{margin:1em 0;display:grid}.mw-parser-output .tpl-contentgrid .mw-tpl-colorbox{margin:0}</style> <div class="tpl-contentgrid" style="grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); grid-gap: 2em; grid-auto-rows: minmax(100px, auto); width: auto;"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2199608">.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0.5em 0.5em 1em 0.5em;border-radius:2px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);box-shadow:0 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title{background:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-emphasized,#000000);display:flex;gap:0.5rem;padding-top:0.4rem;padding-bottom:0.4rem}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked:hover{background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff)}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title>*:first-child{padding-left:1rem}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title>*:last-child{padding-right:1rem}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title>strong,.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title>a{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title-icon{opacity:0.8}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-title-corner{float:right;font-size:0.7em}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-content{padding:0.5rem 1rem}.mw-parser-output .mw-tpl-colorbox-content::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}</style><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/Portal:Toolforge" title="Portal:Toolforge"><strong>Toolforge, hosting for tools</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>Use <a href="/wiki/Portal:Toolforge" title="Portal:Toolforge">Toolforge</a> to build and host tools (bots, webservices, scheduled jobs) that support wiki projects. </p> </div> </div> <div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2199608"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/Portal:Data_Services" title="Portal:Data Services"><strong>Data services</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>Analyze wiki content and data in <a href="/wiki/PAWS" title="PAWS">PAWS</a>, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry">Quarry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Superset" title="Superset">Superset</a>, or access <a href="/wiki/Portal:Data_Services" title="Portal:Data Services"> data services</a> from within Cloud VPS or Toolforge. </p> </div> </div> <div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2199608"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cloud_VPS" title="Portal:Cloud VPS"><strong>Cloud VPS</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>For advanced users: administer and run your own servers on <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cloud_VPS" title="Portal:Cloud VPS">Cloud VPS</a>, Wikimedia cloud computing infrastructure powered by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:OpenStack" class="extiw" title="w:en:OpenStack">OpenStack</a>. </p> </div> </div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2084555"><div class="mw-tpl-portal"><div class="mw-tpl-portal-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_infrastructure" title="Wikimedia infrastructure"><img alt="Wikitech logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wikitech-2021-blue-large-icon.svg/80px-Wikitech-2021-blue-large-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wikitech-2021-blue-large-icon.svg/120px-Wikitech-2021-blue-large-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Wikitech-2021-blue-large-icon.svg/160px-Wikitech-2021-blue-large-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="222"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_infrastructure" title="Wikimedia infrastructure">Production</a></div><div class="mw-tpl-portal-description"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_infrastructure" title="Wikimedia infrastructure">Wikimedia production</a> is the servers, software, and databases that power the live Wikimedia Foundation websites. It is maintained by the Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering team as well as other teams. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2126319"> <div class="tpl-contentgrid" style="grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); grid-gap: 2em; grid-auto-rows: minmax(100px, auto); width: auto;"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2199608"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki_at_WMF" title="MediaWiki at WMF"><strong>MediaWiki at WMF</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>Our highly-configured deployment of MediaWiki, the free software wiki platform. To learn how to operate your own MediaWiki site, see <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="mw:Special:MyLanguage/Main Page">mediawiki.org</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2199608"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/Data_centers" title="Data centers"><strong>Data centers</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>Physical locations where our servers are racked. </p> </div> </div> <div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2199608"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/CDN" title="CDN"><strong>Wikimedia CDN</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>Traffic routing and HTTP caching for all Wikimedia projects. </p> </div> </div> <div class="mw-tpl-colorbox" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2199608"><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-title mw-tpl-colorbox-title--linked" style=""><a href="/wiki/Data_Platform" title="Data Platform"><strong>Data Platform</strong></a> </div><div class="mw-tpl-colorbox-content"> <p>Infrastructure and services that enable WMF data producers and consumers to discover, use, collect, and publish data. </p> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=2234806">https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=2234806</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 October 2024, at 19:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page">About Wikitech</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/wikitech.wikimedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-z7tkg","wgBackendResponseTime":79,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.007"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.062","walltime":"0.079","ppvisitednodes":{"value":347,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":10955,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8081,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12296,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 36.161 1 -total"," 99.83% 36.098 2 Template:Portal_list_item"," 87.14% 31.512 2 Template:ContentGrid"," 61.23% 22.140 7 Template:Colored_box"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6c476644db-xbzxf","timestamp":"20241112193315","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>