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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resident_diplomatic_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Resident diplomatic missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resident_diplomatic_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">China–Peru relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of China and Peru"><img alt="Map indicating locations of China and Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/250px-China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/375px-China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/500px-China%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/68px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/90px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_China,_Lima" title="Embassy of China, Lima">Embassy of China, Lima</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Peru_to_China" title="List of ambassadors of Peru to China">Embassy of Peru, Beijing</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>China–Peru relations</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">中秘关系</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōng mì guānxì</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Relaciones China-Perú</i>) are foreign relations between the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Republic of Peru</a>. Peru is the first Latin American country that China established formal ties with, which was done by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in August 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both nations are members of the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. </p><p>Relations between both nations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers—the <a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relations were established more than 160 years ago, intertwined with local social imageries, power structure, and narratives. Peru established relations with the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> with the signing of a treaty in <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> on June 26, 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-Chong_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chong-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peru's first Resident Ambassador was named the next year, assuming his duties on May 20, 1878, while the Chinese ambassador would only reach Peru in 1883, after the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chong_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chong-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasadre2014357_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasadre2014357-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Corrochano201961_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Corrochano201961-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations between both states started with the <a href="/wiki/Coolie_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Coolie Trade">Coolie Trade</a> and matured during the ‘Hundred Years weakness and poverty’ (Wang, 1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the impoverished Qing China, followed by a republic divided by civil wars and invaded by Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, Peru maintained its relations with the new <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> government. In 1944, the diplomatic status of the two countries was raised to embassy level, and high-level officials of the two countries exchanged frequent visits in the 1950s and 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-MFA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, Peru closed its embassy in Beijing in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Corrochano201964_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Corrochano201964-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_since_1971">Relations since 1971</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relations since 1971"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado" title="Juan Velasco Alvarado">Juan Velasco Alvarado</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a>, Peru established relations with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> on November 2, 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-google9_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> severing its relations and closing its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> as a result,<sup id="cite_ref-MFA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the PRC opening its embassy the following year. As such, Peru became the third <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> country to recognize the <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>-based government.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the establishment of relations between Peru and the PRC, the South American country has adhered to the <a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-google9_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1978, the ROC established the "Far East Trade Center" in Lima to promote bilateral trade. On November 5, 1990, President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> approved Supreme Executive Order No. RE014, agreeing to change the name of "Far East Trade Center" to "<a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Peru">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Peru</a>". On March 3, 1994, Peru established a "<a href="/wiki/Commercial_Office_of_Peru_to_Taipei" title="Commercial Office of Peru to Taipei">Taipei Trade Office</a>" in Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-MFA_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peru and the PRC signed a <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="China–Peru Free Trade Agreement">free trade agreement</a> in April 2009. The agreement was officially ratified by both countries governments on December 6, 2009, and came into effect on March 1, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a> <a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Dina_Boluarte_to_China" title="State visit by Dina Boluarte to China">pays a state visit to China</a> to meet with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">Chinese President</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP General Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> during June 25, 2024 to June 29, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-d221_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d221-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a November 2024 <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Xi_Jinping" title="List of international trips made by Xi Jinping">visit by Xi Jinping</a> to Peru, Boluarte and Xi celebrated the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chancay" title="Port of Chancay">Port of Chancay</a>, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xi described the port as the beginning of a new maritime-land corridor between China and Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port was built by <a href="/wiki/COSCO_Shipping_Ports" title="COSCO Shipping Ports">COSCO Shipping Ports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subnational_relations">Subnational relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subnational relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peru is represented to the <a href="/wiki/Special_Administrative_Regions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China">Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China</a> at a local level by the <a href="#Resident_diplomatic_missions">Consulate-General of Peru in Hong Kong</a>, which is also accredited to <a href="#Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macau is nevertheless also represented by an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_consulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary consulate">honorary consulate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations with the regions are carried out within the framework of relations with the People's Republic of China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Hong Kong–Peru relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Hong Kong and Peru"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Hong Kong and Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/250px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/375px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/500px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/68px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/90px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/68px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/90px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center">None<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_China,_Lima" title="Embassy of China, Lima">Represented by China</a>)</small></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;">Consulate-General of Peru, Hong Kong</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Peru–United Kingdom relations">Peru–United Kingdom relations</a></div> <p><b>Hong Kong–Peru relations</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">香港与秘鲁关系</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiānggǎng yǔ bìlǔ guānxì</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Relaciones Hong Kong-Perú</i>) are carried out under the larger context of relations with China and date back to the <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British era</a> of the region. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peruvians" title="Chinese Peruvians">Chinese Peruvians</a> are descendants of <a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">coolies</a> that came from <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, including then British Hong Kong. Recorded voyages of coolie ships to Peru include the <i>Lady Montagne</i> (February 17, 1850; left with 450 coolies on board), the <i>Albert</i> (September 7, 1850; 156 coolies), the <i>Victory</i> (December 6, 1851; 335 coolies) the <i>Beatrice</i> (January 20, 1852; 300 coolies), the <i>Frederich</i> (January 19, 1869; 379 coolies), etc. In 1870, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Hong_Kong" title="Governor of Hong Kong">Governor of Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Graves_MacDonnell" title="Richard Graves MacDonnell">Richard Graves MacDonnell</a>, accused the Peruvian consul in China, César A. del Río, of being involved in this trade after it was outlawed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201736_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201736-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, Peru established honorary consulates in British Hong Kong. A Peruvian delegation of the Public Fishmeal and Fish Oil Marketing Company (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Empresa Pública de Comercialización Harina y Aceite de pescado</i>) visited Hong Kong in 1970 with the objective of studying the mainland Chinese market up close. This resulted on the opening of a Commercial Office in Beijing on September of the following year as a prelude of the formalisation of relations in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Corrochano201996_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Corrochano201996-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, Hong Kong was visited by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)">Minister of Economy and Finance</a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Carlos Boloña">Carlos Boloña</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chuquihuara1994_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chuquihuara1994-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Peru" title="Prime Minister of Peru">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Pandolfi" title="Alberto Pandolfi">Alberto Pandolfi</a> represented Peru at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_handover_ceremony" title="Hong Kong handover ceremony">Hong Kong handover ceremony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Memo1997_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memo1997-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, an agreement was signed aiming at the negotiation of a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> between both regions.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Said negotiations started in 2023. In 2022, Peruvian exports were valued at <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 262 million, while Hongkonger exports were valued at US$25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Macau">Macau</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Macau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Macau–Peru relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Macau and Peru"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Macau and Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/250px-Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/375px-Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg/500px-Macau%E2%80%93Peru_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/68px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/90px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/68px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/90px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Peru–Portugal relations">Peru–Portugal relations</a></div> <p><b>Macau–Peru relations</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">澳门与秘鲁关系</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Àomén yǔ bìlǔ guānxì</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Relaciones Macao-Perú</i>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Relações Macau-Peru</i>) are also carried out under the larger context of relations with China and date back to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese era</a> of the region. </p><p>Similar to neighbouring <a href="#Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</a>, the early history of relations took place in the context of the coolie trade and within Peru's relations with <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. From 1849 to 1857, a large amount of ships left for <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a>, until the trade was suspended by the British and Chinese authorities. This meant that from 1860 onwards, a second wave of Chinese immigration to Peru took place with Macau serving as its exclusive starting point.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201736_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201736-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last ship to leave to Peru was the Peruvian <i>Lola</i>, who left in July 1874 and reached Peru with 6 coolies dying in the journey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201739_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201739-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year before, the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Ministry_(Portugal)" title="Overseas Ministry (Portugal)">Overseas Ministry</a> had prohibited the trade of coolies to Peru and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> due to the conditions they were subject to upon arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201743–44_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201743–44-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peru is a recurring participant in the annual <i>Macao International Trade and Investment Fair</i>, where trade between both regions is promoted.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Peru–Taiwan relations">Peru–Taiwan relations</a></div> <p>Due to its official relations with mainland China, Peru <i>de jure</i> recognises <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan as part of China</a>. However, since 1978, relations between Peru and the ROC are unofficially maintained through representative offices in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-level_visits">High-level visits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: High-level visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>High-level visits from China to Peru</b> </p> <ul><li>CCP General Secretary and President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chief Executive of Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a> (2014)</li> <li>CCP General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>High-level visits from Peru to China</b> </p> <ul><li>President of Congress <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Joy_Way" title="Víctor Joy Way">Víctor Joy Way</a> (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-Memo1997_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memo1997-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Pandolfi" title="Alberto Pandolfi">Alberto Pandolfi</a> (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-Memo1997_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memo1997-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Minister <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Carlos Boloña">Carlos Boloña</a> (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-Chuquihuara1994_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chuquihuara1994-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> (1991<sup id="cite_ref-Chuquihuara1994_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chuquihuara1994-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> & 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Toledo" title="Alejandro Toledo">Alejandro Toledo</a> (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Ollanta_Humala" title="Ollanta Humala">Ollanta Humala</a> (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski" title="Pedro Pablo Kuczynski">Pedro Pablo Kuczynski</a> (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resident_diplomatic_missions">Resident diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Resident diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_of_China,_Lima_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Embassy_of_China%2C_Lima_0.jpg/220px-Embassy_of_China%2C_Lima_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Embassy_of_China%2C_Lima_0.jpg/330px-Embassy_of_China%2C_Lima_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Embassy_of_China%2C_Lima_0.jpg/440px-Embassy_of_China%2C_Lima_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Embassy of China in Lima</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>China has an <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_China,_Lima" title="Embassy of China, Lima">embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Peru has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and consulates-general in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_China_to_Peru" title="List of ambassadors of China to Peru">List of ambassadors of China to Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Peru_to_China" title="List of ambassadors of Peru to China">List of ambassadors of Peru to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="China–Peru Free Trade Agreement">China–Peru Free Trade Agreement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Creutzfeldt, Benjamin (27 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-ir.info/2019/02/27/overcoming-the-greatest-distance-china-in-latin-america/">Overcoming the Greatest Distance: China in Latin America</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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FOPRI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Per%C3%BA+en+la+aldea+global&rft.pub=FOPRI&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Chuquihuara&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR24aAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memo1997-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Memo1997_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memo1997_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memo1997_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u9FNAQAAIAAJ"><i>Memoria anual: Mensage al Congreso</i></a> (in Spanish). Presidencia de la República. 1997. p. 588. <q>Por la parte peruana visitaron China el presidente del Congreso de la República, ingeniero Víctor Joy Way, en abril del presente año, y el presidente del Consejo de Ministros, ingeniero Alberto Pandolfi, para asistir en representación del Perú a las ceremonias de transferencia de Hong Kong a la soberanía de China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoria+anual%3A+Mensage+al+Congreso&rft.pages=588&rft.pub=Presidencia+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du9FNAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollantes2008" class="citation news cs1">Collantes, Denisse (2008-05-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-peru-y-hong-kong-firman-declaracion-para-fortalecer-relaciones-economicas-miras-a-un-tlc-177572.aspx">"Perú y Hong Kong firman declaración para fortalecer relaciones económicas con miras a un TLC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Andina_(news_agency)" title="Andina (news agency)">Andina</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andina&rft.atitle=Per%C3%BA+y+Hong+Kong+firman+declaraci%C3%B3n+para+fortalecer+relaciones+econ%C3%B3micas+con+miras+a+un+TLC&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.aulast=Collantes&rft.aufirst=Denisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandina.pe%2Fagencia%2Fnoticia-peru-y-hong-kong-firman-declaracion-para-fortalecer-relaciones-economicas-miras-a-un-tlc-177572.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mincetur/noticias/696291-peru-y-hong-kong-inician-primera-ronda-de-negociaciones-comerciales-para-firma-de-un-tratado-de-libre-comercio">"Perú y Hong Kong inician primera ronda de negociaciones comerciales para firma de un Tratado de Libre Comercio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gob.pe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gob.pe">Gob.pe</a></i>. 2023-02-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gob.pe&rft.atitle=Per%C3%BA+y+Hong+Kong+inician+primera+ronda+de+negociaciones+comerciales+para+firma+de+un+Tratado+de+Libre+Comercio&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.pe%2Finstitucion%2Fmincetur%2Fnoticias%2F696291-peru-y-hong-kong-inician-primera-ronda-de-negociaciones-comerciales-para-firma-de-un-tratado-de-libre-comercio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201739-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201739_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2017">Rodriguez 2017</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez201743–44-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodriguez201743–44_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2017">Rodriguez 2017</a>, p. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/21286-peru-participa-en-la-feria-internacional-de-comercio-e-inversiones-de-macao">"Perú participa en la Feria Internacional de Comercio e Inversiones de Macao"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gob.pe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gob.pe">Gob.pe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Peru)">Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores</a>. 2018-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gob.pe&rft.atitle=Per%C3%BA+participa+en+la+Feria+Internacional+de+Comercio+e+Inversiones+de+Macao&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.pe%2Finstitucion%2Frree%2Fnoticias%2F21286-peru-participa-en-la-feria-internacional-de-comercio-e-inversiones-de-macao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/59936-peru-presente-en-la-feria-internacional-de-comercio-e-inversiones-de-macao">"Perú presente en la Feria Internacional de Comercio e Inversiones de Macao"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gob.pe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gob.pe">Gob.pe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Peru)">Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores</a>. 2019-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gob.pe&rft.atitle=Per%C3%BA+presente+en+la+Feria+Internacional+de+Comercio+e+Inversiones+de+Macao&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.pe%2Finstitucion%2Frree%2Fnoticias%2F59936-peru-presente-en-la-feria-internacional-de-comercio-e-inversiones-de-macao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1414626.shtml">"Xi Jinping to Pay State Visits to Ecuador, Peru and Chile and Attend the 24th APEC Economic Leaders' Summit in Lima"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China</a>. 9 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xi+Jinping+to+Pay+State+Visits+to+Ecuador%2C+Peru+and+Chile+and+Attend+the+24th+APEC+Economic+Leaders%27+Summit+in+Lima&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn%2Fmfa_eng%2Fzxxx_662805%2Ft1414626.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCañas1995" class="citation news cs1">Cañas, Gabriela (1995-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1995/09/12/sociedad/810856806_850215.html">"Fujimori, único presidente entre mujeres"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Fujimori%2C+%C3%BAnico+presidente+entre+mujeres&rft.date=1995-09-12&rft.aulast=Ca%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=Gabriela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F1995%2F09%2F12%2Fsociedad%2F810856806_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-presidente-toledo-llego-a-china-para-iniciar-visita-oficial-60066.aspx">"Presidente Toledo llegó a China para iniciar visita oficial"</a>. 2005-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Presidente+Toledo+lleg%C3%B3+a+China+para+iniciar+visita+oficial&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandina.pe%2Fagencia%2Fnoticia-presidente-toledo-llego-a-china-para-iniciar-visita-oficial-60066.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/zbgx/201304/t20130408_4463428.htm">"Vicepresidente chino se reúne con presidente peruano"</a>. <i>Embajada de la República Popular China en la República del Perú</i>. 2013-04-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Embajada+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+Popular+China+en+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+del+Per%C3%BA&rft.atitle=Vicepresidente+chino+se+re%C3%BAne+con+presidente+peruano&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpe.china-embassy.gov.cn%2Fesp%2Fzbgx%2F201304%2Ft20130408_4463428.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2016/09/16/america/1474060646_032854.html">"Kuczynski refuerza los lazos comerciales de Perú con China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i>. 2016-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Kuczynski+refuerza+los+lazos+comerciales+de+Per%C3%BA+con+China&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2016%2F09%2F16%2Famerica%2F1474060646_032854.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embajadachina.org.pe/esp/">Embassy of China in Lima</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consulado.pe/es/Pekin/Paginas/Inicio.aspx">Embassy of Peru in Beijing</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Peru_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasadre2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Basadre" title="Jorge Basadre">Basadre Grohmann, Jorge</a> (2014). <i>Historia de la República del Perú [1822-1933]</i>. Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/El_Comercio_(Peru)" title="El Comercio (Peru)">El Comercio</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-612-306-353-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-612-306-353-5"><bdi>978-612-306-353-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+del+Per%C3%BA+%5B1822-1933%5D&rft.pub=El+Comercio&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-612-306-353-5&rft.aulast=Basadre+Grohmann&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClemente2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clemente Pecho, Jazmina Lizbeth (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositorio.adp.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/ADP/155/2020%20Tesis%20Clemente%20Pecho%2C%20Jazmina%20Lizbeth.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><i>La importancia de la rectoría del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú en la celebración de instrumentos internacionales: análisis de la celebración de instrumentos con entidades no estatales en el marco de las relaciones del Perú con China y Taiwán</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Lima: Academia Diplomática del Perú Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+importancia+de+la+rector%C3%ADa+del+Ministerio+de+Relaciones+Exteriores+del+Per%C3%BA+en+la+celebraci%C3%B3n+de+instrumentos+internacionales%3A+an%C3%A1lisis+de+la+celebraci%C3%B3n+de+instrumentos+con+entidades+no+estatales+en+el+marco+de+las+relaciones+del+Per%C3%BA+con+China+y+Taiw%C3%A1n&rft.place=Lima&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Academia+Diplom%C3%A1tica+del+Per%C3%BA+Javier+P%C3%A9rez+de+Cu%C3%A9llar&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Clemente+Pecho&rft.aufirst=Jazmina+Lizbeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.adp.edu.pe%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2FADP%2F155%2F2020%2520Tesis%2520Clemente%2520Pecho%252C%2520Jazmina%2520Lizbeth.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Corrochano2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García Corrochano, Luis (2019). "Las relaciones entre Perú y China en perspectiva histórica". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101565/1/Mendez_la_conexi_n_china_en_la_Pol_tica_Exterior_del_Per_en_el_Siglo_XXI_published.pdf"><i>La conexión China en la Política exterior del Perú en el siglo XXI</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Lima: <a href="/wiki/PUCP" class="mw-redirect" title="PUCP">PUCP</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781909890459" title="Special:BookSources/9781909890459"><bdi>9781909890459</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Las+relaciones+entre+Per%C3%BA+y+China+en+perspectiva+hist%C3%B3rica&rft.btitle=La+conexi%C3%B3n+China+en+la+Pol%C3%ADtica+exterior+del+Per%C3%BA+en+el+siglo+XXI&rft.place=Lima&rft.pub=PUCP&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781909890459&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Corrochano&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lse.ac.uk%2F101565%2F1%2FMendez_la_conexi_n_china_en_la_Pol_tica_Exterior_del_Per_en_el_Siglo_XXI_published.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodriguez Pastor, Humberto (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tusanaje.org/biblioteca/files/original/1/24/2017_Rodriguez_Humberto_chinos_sociedad_libro.pdf"><i>Chinos en la sociedad peruana: 1850-2000</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinos+en+la+sociedad+peruana%3A+1850-2000&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Rodriguez+Pastor&rft.aufirst=Humberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tusanaje.org%2Fbiblioteca%2Ffiles%2Foriginal%2F1%2F24%2F2017_Rodriguez_Humberto_chinos_sociedad_libro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Peru+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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title="Botswana–China relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burkina Faso–China relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burundi–China relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cameroon–China relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cape Verde–China relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Central African Republic–China relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chad–China relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Comoros_relations" title="China–Comoros relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Djibouti_relations" title="China–Djibouti relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="China–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Equatorial_Guinea_relations" title="China–Equatorial Guinea relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Eritrea_relations" title="China–Eritrea relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="China–Ethiopia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gabon_relations" title="China–Gabon relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gambia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Gambia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ghana_relations" title="China–Ghana relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea_relations" title="China–Guinea relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="China–Guinea-Bissau relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="China–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="China–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="China–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="China–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="China–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="China–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="China–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="China–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="China–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="China–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="China–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="China–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="China–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="China–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="China–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="China–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="China–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="China–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="China–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="China–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="China–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="China–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="China–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="China–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="China–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="China–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="China–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–China relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Argentina–China relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–China relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Barbados–China relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bolivia–China relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chile–China relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="China–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations" title="China–Costa Rica relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="China–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations" title="China–Dominican Republic relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ecuador_relations" title="China–Ecuador relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations" title="China–El Salvador relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Grenada_relations" title="China–Grenada relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="China–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Honduras_relations" title="China–Honduras relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="China–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="China–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="China–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="China–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="China–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="China–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="China–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="China–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Afghanistan–China relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Armenia–China relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Azerbaijan–China relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bangladesh–China relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bhutan–China relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brunei–China relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations" title="China–East Timor relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="China–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="China–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="China–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="China–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="China–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="China–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="China–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="China–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="China–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="China–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="China–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="China–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="China–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="China–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="China–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="China–South Korea relations">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="China–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="China–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="China–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="China–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="China–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="China–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="China–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">Northern Domination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="China–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Albania–China relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Austria–China relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belarus–China relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belgium–China relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bulgaria–China relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Croatia_relations" title="China–Croatia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="China–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="China–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="China–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="China–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations" title="China–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="China–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="China–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="China–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="China–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="China–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="China–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="China–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="China–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="China–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="China–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="China–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="China–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="China–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="China–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="China–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations" title="China–San Marino relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="China–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="China–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="China–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="China–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="China–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="China–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Fiji_relations" title="China–Fiji relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="China–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="China–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="China–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="China–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="China–Niue relations">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="China–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="China–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="China–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="China–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="China–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations" title="Sino-Soviet relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor" title="BCIM Economic Corridor">BCIM Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations" title="Sino-Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations" title="Sino-Third World relations">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China" title="Arctic policy of China">Arctic policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:China_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:China and the Antarctic">China and the Antarctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Dates of diplomatic recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_China" title="Foreign policy of China">Foreign policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China">Foreign Relations Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-dash_line" title="Nine-dash line">Nine-dash line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_diplomacy" title="Stadium diplomacy">Stadium diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_Pearls_(Indian_Ocean)" title="String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)">String of Pearls</a></li> <li>Major historical splits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_built_by_China_as_aid" title="List of theaters built by China as aid">Theater diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Foreign relations of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="Australia–Hong Kong relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="Canada–Hong Kong relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="France–Hong Kong relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="Georgia–Hong Kong relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="Germany–Hong Kong relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Hong Kong–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Hong Kong–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Hong Kong–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Liechtenstein_relations" title="Hong Kong–Liechtenstein relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Hong Kong–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="Hong Kong–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Hong Kong–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="Hong Kong–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Hong Kong–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Peru_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Hong Kong–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Hong Kong–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Hong Kong–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Hong Kong–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Hong Kong–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Hong Kong–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Hong Kong–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Regional Emblem of Hong Kong"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/100px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/150px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/200px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations within <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_relations" title="Hong Kong–Macau relations">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93mainland_China_relations" title="Hong Kong–mainland China relations">Mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict" title="Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict">Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Consular missions in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Trade_Office" title="Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office">Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_and_Economic_Development_Bureau" title="Commerce and Economic Development Bureau">Commerce and Economic Development Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_and_Mainland_Affairs_Bureau" title="Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_trade_agreements_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Free trade agreements of Hong Kong">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kongers" title="Template:Hong Kongers">Hongkongers by ethnicity and national origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hongkong_Diaspora" title="Template:Hongkong Diaspora">Hong Kong diasporas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">Hong Kong Trade Development Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_returnee" title="Hong Kong returnee">Hong Kong returnees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Transfer of sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Macau&#124;link=Macau_Foreign_relations_of_Macau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Template:Foreign relations of Macau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Macau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Macau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Macau&#124;link=Macau_Foreign_relations_of_Macau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Foreign relations of Macau">Foreign relations of Macau</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau%E2%80%93Peru_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Macau–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Regional Emblem of Macau"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/100px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/150px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/200px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations within <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Basic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Basic Law">Macau Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_relations" title="Hong Kong–Macau relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Macau" title="Consular missions in Macau">Consular missions in Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_in_Macau" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Economic_and_Cultural_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Economic and Cultural Office">Macau Economic and Cultural Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_of_the_Central_People%27s_Government_in_the_Macao_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region">Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_in_the_Macao_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Macao Special Administrative Region">Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Macao Special Administrative Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Peru&#124;link=Peru_Foreign_relations_of_Peru" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Template:Foreign relations of Peru"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Peru"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Peru"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Peru&#124;link=Peru_Foreign_relations_of_Peru" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Peru" title="Foreign relations of Peru">Foreign relations of Peru</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Algeria–Peru relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Egypt–Peru relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Ghana–Peru relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Libya–Peru relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Morocco–Peru relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Namibia–Peru relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic_relations" title="Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Peru–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Peru"><img alt="Coat of arms of Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/90px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/135px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/180px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Argentina–Peru relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Bolivia–Peru relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Brazil–Peru relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Canada–Peru relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Chile–Peru relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Colombia–Peru relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Costa Rica–Peru relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Cuba–Peru relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Dominican Republic–Peru relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Ecuador–Peru relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="El Salvador–Peru relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Guatemala–Peru relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Honduras–Peru relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Mexico–Peru relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Nicaragua–Peru relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Panama–Peru relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Paraguay–Peru relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Peru–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Peru–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Peru–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Peru–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Peru relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Georgia–Peru relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="India–Peru relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Indonesia–Peru relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Israel–Peru relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Japan–Peru relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Kuwait–Peru relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Malaysia–Peru relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="North Korea–Peru relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Palestine–Peru relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Peru–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Peru–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Peru–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Peru–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Peru–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Peru–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Peru–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Peru–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Peru–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Peru–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Albania–Peru relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Andorra–Peru relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Austria–Peru relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Belgium–Peru relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Peru relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Croatia–Peru relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Czech Republic–Peru relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="European Union–Peru relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Finland–Peru relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="France–Peru relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Germany–Peru relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Greece–Peru relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Holy See–Peru relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Hungary–Peru relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Italy–Peru relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Ireland–Peru relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Kosovo–Peru relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Netherlands–Peru relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Norway–Peru relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Peru–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Peru–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Peru–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Peru–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Peru–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Peru–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Peru–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Peru–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Peru–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Peru–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Peru–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Australia–Peru relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="New Zealand–Peru relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Peru–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Peru" title="List of diplomatic missions of Peru">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Peru" title="List of diplomatic missions in Peru">in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Peru)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru_and_the_United_Nations" title="Peru and the United Nations">Peru and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru_and_the_World_Bank" title="Peru and the World Bank">Peru and the World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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