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<span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Islamic world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1041" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1041"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1041</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1041-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1042" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1042"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1042</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1042-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_world_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_world_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.4</span> <span>Islamic world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_world_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1043" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1043"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1043</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1043-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.5</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.6</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1044" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1044"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1044</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1044-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1045" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1045"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1045</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1045-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1046" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1046"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1046</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1046-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1047" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1047"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>1047</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1047-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1048" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1048"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>1048</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1048-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1049" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1049"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>1049</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1049-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Isles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Isles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.3</span> <span>British Isles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Isles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.4</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1040s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1040" title="عقد 1040 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1040" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1040" title="Anyos 1040 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1040" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1040" title="Década del 1040 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1040" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-an" title="1040-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1040-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="১০৪০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১০৪০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1040 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1040 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D1%8F" title="1040-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1040-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D1%8F" title="1040-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1040-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-e" title="1040-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1040-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1040" title="Bloavezhioù 1040 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1040" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1040" title="Dècada del 1040 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1040" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1040-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1040-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekada_1040" title="Dekada 1040 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dekada 1040" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040au" title="1040au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1040au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%27erne" title="1040'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1040'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1040" title="عوام 1040 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1040" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040er" title="1040er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1040er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040._aastad" title="1040. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1040. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1040" title="An 1040 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1040" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1040" title="Años 1040 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1040" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-aj_jaroj" title="1040-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1040-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040ko_hamarkada" title="1040ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1040ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B0%DB%B4%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۰۴۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۰۴۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%C3%A1rini" title="1040-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1040-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1040" title="Années 1040 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1040" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040id%C3%AD" title="1040idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1040idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040an" title="1040an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1040an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1040" title="Década de 1040 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1040" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1040年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1040年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1040년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1040년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-an" title="1040-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1040-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1041-1050" title="1041-1050 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1041-1050" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1040" title="Anni 1040 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1040" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-11" title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-11 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-11" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-an" title="1040-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1040-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1040-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1040-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1040" title="Miaka ya 1040 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1040" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1040-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1040-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1040" title="Anni 1040 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1040" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1040-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1040-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1040-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1040-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १०४० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १०४० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1040-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1040-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1040" title="عقد 1040 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1040" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-an" title="1040-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1040-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1040 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1040 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-1049" title="1040-1049 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1040-1049" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1040年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1040年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%C3%A5rene" title="1040-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1040-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1040" title="Annaées 1040 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1040" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1040 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1040 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-lar" title="1040-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1040-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1040" title="Década de 1040 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1040" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1040" title="Anii 1040 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1040" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040_watakuna" title="1040 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1040 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1040-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1040-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040s" title="1040s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1040s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1040" title="Vitet 1040 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1040" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040ini" title="1040ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1040ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040s" title="1040s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1040s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/40._roky_11._storo%C4%8Dia" title="40. roky 11. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="40. roky 11. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040." title="1040. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1040." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D0%B5" title="1040-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1040-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-e" title="1040-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1040-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-an" title="1040-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1040-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-luku" title="1040-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1040-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-talet" title="1040-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1040-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1040-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1040-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1040" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1040 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1040" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1040_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1040 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1040 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1040ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1040ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="1040-ві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1040-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1040ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1040ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1040" title="Thập niên 1040 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1040" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1040" title="Anêyes 1040 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1040" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040_nga_dekada" title="1040 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1040 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1040年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1040年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1040年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1040年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1040%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1040年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1040年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26501#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_century" title="10th century">10th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1020s" title="1020s">1020s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1030s" title="1030s">1030s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1040s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1050s" title="1050s">1050s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1060s" title="1060s">1060s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1040" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1041" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1041">1041</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1042" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1043" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1044">1044</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1045" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1045">1045</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1046" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1047" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1047">1047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1048" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1048">1048</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1049" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1049">1049</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1040s_births" title="Category:1040s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1040s_deaths" title="Category:1040s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1040s_by_country" title="Category:1040s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1040s_establishments" title="Category:1040s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1040s_disestablishments" title="Category:1040s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1040s</b> was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1040, and ended on December 31, 1049. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1040">1040</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1040&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Dokeianos" title="Nikephoros Dokeianos">Nikephoros Dokeianos</a>, Byzantine governor of the <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Catepanate of Italy</a>, is murdered by Lombard rebels at <a href="/wiki/Ascoli_Satriano" title="Ascoli Satriano">Ascoli</a>. He is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dokeianos" title="Michael Dokeianos">Michael Dokeianos</a>, who arrives in November with a <a href="/wiki/Varangians" title="Varangians">Varangian</a> army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Br%C5%AFdek" title="Battle at Brůdek">Battle at Brůdek</a>: Duke <a href="/wiki/Bretislav_I" title="Bretislav I">Bretislav I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> defeats the German forces under King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> ("the Black") in the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Forest" title="Bohemian Forest">Bohemian Forest</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Delyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Delyan">Peter Delyan</a> leads a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and is proclaimed by the Bulgarian nobles as emperor (<i><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a></i>) Peter II in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a> is divided and fragmented into small fiefdoms. The Arab nobles of <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> restore the regime of the <a href="/wiki/Kalbids" title="Kalbids">Kalbids</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Harold_Harefoot" title="Harold Harefoot">Harold Harefoot</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> at the age of 24. His illegitimate son <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_Haroldsson" title="Ælfwine Haroldsson">Ælfwine Haroldsson</a> is left in the care of his grandmother, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Northampton" title="Ælfgifu of Northampton">Ælfgifu of Northampton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a> lands at <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a> and reclaims the throne of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> which had been taken by Harald Harefoot in <a href="/wiki/1035" title="1035">1035</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" title="Duncan I of Scotland">Duncan</a> is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Macbeth I of Scotland">Macbeth</a>, who succeeds him as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Islamic_world"> Islamic world</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Islamic world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dandanaqan" title="Battle of Dandanaqan">Battle of Dandanaqan</a>: The Turkmen <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuqs</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a> forces (50,000 men) led by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mas%27ud_I_of_Ghazni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mas'ud I of Ghazni">Mas'ud I</a> at Dandanaqan, a fortress city in the desert near <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>. Ghaznavid commanders <a href="/wiki/Ali_Daya" title="Ali Daya">Ali Daya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Begtoghdi" title="Begtoghdi">Begtoghdi</a> are blamed for the defeat and executed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weihenstephan_Abbey" title="Weihenstephan Abbey">Weihenstephan Abbey</a> (<i>Kloster Weihenstephan</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, founds the oldest operating <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shalu_Monastery" title="Shalu Monastery">Shalu Monastery</a> is founded by the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddhist</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Chetsun_Sherab_Jungnay" title="Chetsun Sherab Jungnay">Chetsun Sherab Jungnay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1041">1041</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1041" title="1041">1041</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1041&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV the Paphlagonian</a> dies after a 6-year reign. His wife, Empress <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Porphyrogenita" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoë Porphyrogenita">Zoë</a>, elevates (on the advice of her lover <a href="/wiki/John_the_Orphanotrophos" title="John the Orphanotrophos">John the Orphanotrophos</a>) her adoptive son to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V Kalaphates</a>. Shortly after, Michael comes into conflict with his uncle John, and banishes him to a monastery.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olivento" title="Battle of Olivento">Battle of Olivento</a>: Norman troops and their Lombard allies, led by <a href="/wiki/William_Iron_Arm" title="William Iron Arm">William Iron Arm</a>, are victorious against the Byzantines at the feet of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Vulture" title="Monte Vulture">Monte Vulture</a>, near the River Olivento in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montemaggiore" title="Battle of Montemaggiore">Battle of Montemaggiore</a>: Lombard-Norman rebel forces, led by William, are again victorious, and defeat a Byzantine army (18,000 men) on the hill of Montemaggiore, near the <a href="/wiki/Ofanto" title="Ofanto">River Ofanto</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montepeloso" title="Battle of Montepeloso">Battle of Montepeloso</a>: Lombard-Norman rebel forces, led by William, defeat the Byzantines at <a href="/wiki/Irsina" title="Irsina">Montepeloso</a>. During the battle, <a href="/wiki/Exaugustus_Boioannes" title="Exaugustus Boioannes">Boioannes</a>, governor of the <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Catepanate of Italy</a>, is captured.</li> <li>Winter – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrovo" title="Battle of Ostrovo">Battle of Ostrovo</a>: The Byzantines, with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Varangian_Guard" title="Varangian Guard">Varangian Guard</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a> (future king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Norway">Norway</a>), defeat the Bulgarian troops, near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Vegoritida" title="Lake Vegoritida">Lake Ostrovo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a> invites his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> to return to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> from <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> as his heir as king of England,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the support of <a href="/wiki/Godwin,_Earl_of_Wessex" title="Godwin, Earl of Wessex">Godwin, Earl of Wessex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a> rebels against the naval <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a> of Harthacnut. He reduces the navy from 60 to 32 ships.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirid dynasty</a> rejects <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ite</a> obedience and <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> domination, and recognizes the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a> as their overlords.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1041&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>At about this time, the number of enlisted soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> Chinese military reaches well over 1,250,000 troops, an increase since <a href="/wiki/1022" title="1022">1022</a>, when there were a million soldiers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1042">1042</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1042" title="1042">1042</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1042&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1042&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1042&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1042&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V Kalaphates</a> banishes his adoptive mother and co-ruler <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Porphyrogenita" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoë Porphyrogenita">Zoë</a>, for plotting to poison him, to the island of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkada" title="Büyükada">Principo</a>. His announcement as sole emperor leads to a popular revolt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – Zoë is proclaimed as empress at an assembly in <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>, along with her sister <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita_(11th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)">Theodora</a>, as co-ruler. Michael V flees to the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Stoudios" title="Monastery of Stoudios">monastery of Stoudios</a>, but is arrested, blinded and castrated.</li> <li>Zoë recalls <a href="/wiki/Synodianos" title="Synodianos">Synodianos</a>, governor of the <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Catepanate of Italy</a>, and replaces him with <a href="/wiki/George_Maniakes" title="George Maniakes">George Maniakes</a> (the disgraced head of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Sicilian campaign</a>). All of <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> is in the hands of the Lombard rebels.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – Zoë marries her third husband, a Byzantine bureaucrat who ascends as co-emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine IX">Constantine IX</a> at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Theodora agrees to surrender her co-emperorship.</li> <li>Summer – George Maniakes goes on a march through Apulia, plundering the towns that have declared for the Lombard rebels. Constantine IX recalls Maniakes to Constantinople.</li> <li>George Maniakes revolts against Constantine IX and is declared emperor by his troops. He captures <a href="/wiki/Pardos_(catepan)" title="Pardos (catepan)">Pardos</a> who has landed with an army at <a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Otranto</a> to take over his command.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Byzantine–Arab War</a>: The Byzantines reconquer the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), returning it to Christian hands, after 400 years of Islamic rule (approximate date).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> secures its independence from the Byzantine Empire.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1042&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_Muhammad_ibn_Abbad" title="Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad">Abbad I</a> dies after a 19-year reign as independent ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Taifa of Seville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>). He is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Abbad_II_al-Mu%27tadid" title="Abbad II al-Mu'tadid">Abbad II</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1069" title="1069">1069</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_I_the_Restorer" title="Casimir I the Restorer">Casimir I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Poland</a>, succeeds in reuniting the realm which earns him the name "the Restorer". He signs a treaty with <a href="/wiki/Bretislav_I" title="Bretislav I">Bretislav I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus the Good</a> becomes king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> after the death of Harthacnut. Despite a claim to the throne by <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_II_of_Denmark" title="Sweyn II of Denmark">Sweyn II</a>, Magnus takes control of Denmark.</li> <li>Autumn – Norman mercenaries assemble at <a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a> and decide to elect <a href="/wiki/William_Iron_Arm" title="William Iron Arm">William Iron Arm</a> as count of <a href="/wiki/Melfi" title="Melfi">Melfi</a> and leader of the Normans in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Varangian_Guard" title="Varangian Guard">Varangian Guard</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, returns to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a>, possibly because of his involvement in Maniakes' revolt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish%E2%80%93Novgorodian_wars" title="Finnish–Novgorodian wars">Finnish–Novgorodian War</a>: Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_of_Novgorod" title="Vladimir of Novgorod">Vladimir Yaroslavich</a> wages a campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Tavastians" title="Tavastians">Tavastians</a> (<i>yem</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_2"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1042&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>June 8 – King <a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a> collapses and dies while attending a party. His half-brother <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> becomes king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Islamic_world_2"> Islamic world</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1042&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Islamic world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravids</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Yasin" title="Abdallah ibn Yasin">Abdallah ibn Yasin</a>, invade <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1043">1043</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1043&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX Monomachos</a> sends a Byzantine expeditionary force to the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> against the rebellious <a href="/wiki/George_Maniakes" title="George Maniakes">George Maniakes</a>, governor of the <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Catepanate of Italy</a>. The two armies meet near <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. The rebel army – better organized, seasoned and with superior leadership – is initially successful, but Maniakes is killed by an arrow at the moment of his triumph. After this, his army is routed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus%27%E2%80%93Byzantine_War_(1043)" title="Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)">Rus'–Byzantine War</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> naval raid, led by Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_of_Novgorod" title="Vladimir of Novgorod">Vladimir Yaraslavich</a>, unsuccessfully attacks <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. A 6,000-strong Kievan contingent under <a href="/wiki/Vyshata" title="Vyshata">Vyshata</a> is also defeated and deported to the capital.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – A grand assembly at <a href="/wiki/Melfi" title="Melfi">Melfi</a>, with all the Norman and Lombard nobles acclaim <a href="/wiki/Guaimar_IV_of_Salerno" title="Guaimar IV of Salerno">Guaimar IV</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="County of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia and Calabria</a>. The territories are divided into 12 fiefdoms and distributed among Norman chieftains. <a href="/wiki/William_Iron_Arm" title="William Iron Arm">William Iron Arm</a> is granted <a href="/wiki/Ascoli_Satriano" title="Ascoli Satriano">Ascoli</a> as a private fiefdom and his brother <a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Hauteville" title="Drogo of Hauteville">Drogo of Hauteville</a> is granted <a href="/wiki/Venosa" title="Venosa">Venosa</a>. Count <a href="/wiki/Rainulf_Trincanocte" title="Rainulf Trincanocte">Rainulf II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aversa" title="Aversa">Aversa</a>, not present at the assembly, receives <a href="/wiki/Siponto" title="Siponto">Siponto</a> and recognizes Guaimar's suzerainty.</li> <li>Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Yaroslav the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> makes an agreement with Duke <a href="/wiki/Casimir_I_the_Restorer" title="Casimir I the Restorer">Casimir I the Restorer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Poland</a> that recognizes <a href="/wiki/Chervyen" title="Chervyen">Chervyen</a> as part of Kiev. The agreement is sealed with a double marriage – Casimir to <a href="/wiki/Maria_Dobroniega_of_Kiev" title="Maria Dobroniega of Kiev">Maria Dobroniega</a> (a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great" title="Vladimir the Great">Vladimir the Great</a>), and Iziaslav to <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Poland" title="Gertrude of Poland">Gertrude</a>, Casimir's sister.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> ("the Black") marries <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Poitou" title="Agnes of Poitou">Agnes of Poitou</a> (daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_V,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William V, Duke of Aquitaine">William V of Aquitaine</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Palace,_Ingelheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Palace, Ingelheim">Imperial Palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ingelheim_am_Rhein" title="Ingelheim am Rhein">Ingelheim am Rhein</a>. She is his second wife after the death of <a href="/wiki/Gunhilda_of_Denmark" title="Gunhilda of Denmark">Gunhilda</a> from <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in <a href="/wiki/1038" title="1038">1038</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_3"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> is crowned king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> at <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">Winchester Cathedral</a>. He learns that his mother, Queen <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a> is plotting with <a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus the Good</a> to take control of the English throne. Edward strips her land and treasure, but she is allowed to stay in England.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuqs</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tughril_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughril Beg">Tughril Beg</a> expel the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> from <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> and conquer <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>). They become the new masters of the <a href="/wiki/Ziyarid_dynasty" title="Ziyarid dynasty">Ziyarid dynasty</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_2"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first king of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Kingdom of Nri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eze_Nri_%C3%8Cfiku%C3%A1nim" title="Eze Nri Ìfikuánim">Eze Nri Ìfikuánim</a>, is installed in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1043&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the statesmen <a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Xiu" title="Ouyang Xiu">Ouyang Xiu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fan_Zhongyan" title="Fan Zhongyan">Fan Zhongyan</a> put forth the <a href="/wiki/Qingli_Reforms" title="Qingli Reforms">Qingli Reforms</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, which are halted by <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1044">1044</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1044" title="1044">1044</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1044&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1044&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1044&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1044&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A9nf%C5%91" title="Battle of Ménfő">Battle of Ménfő</a>: German troops under <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">King Henry III</a> ("the Black") defeat the Hungarian army, led by King <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Aba" title="Samuel Aba">Samuel Aba</a>, who flees the field but is captured and killed. <a href="/wiki/Peter,_King_of_Hungary" title="Peter, King of Hungary">Peter Orseolo</a> ("the Venetian") becomes (for the second time) king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Summer – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_II,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey II</a> ("the Hammer"), count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Anjou" title="County of Anjou">Anjou</a>, captures the city of <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>, and takes control of the county of <a href="/wiki/Touraine" title="Touraine">Touraine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_3"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1044&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Chinese military treatise of the <i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i> is written and compiled by scholars <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Gongliang" title="Zeng Gongliang">Zeng Gongliang</a> (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度), and Yang Weide (楊惟德), during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. It is the first book in history to include formulas for <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a>, and its use for various bombs (thrown by sling or <a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">trebuchet</a> catapult). It also describes the double-<a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">piston</a> pump <a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">flamethrower</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Thermoremanent_magnetization" title="Thermoremanent magnetization">thermoremanence</a> compass, a few decades before <a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> wrote of the first known <a href="/wiki/Magnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic">magnetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">mariner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>. Although emphasizing the importance of many weapons, it reserves high respect for the <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbow</a>, and the ability of crossbowmen to fell charging units of <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalrymen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Anawrahta" title="Anawrahta">Anawrahta</a> seizes the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Empire</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan">Bagan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1044&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1044&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September – A second Roman uprising forces Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Benedict IX</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. He is succeeded by the new elected (anti)-Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_III" title="Pope Sylvester III">Sylvester III</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1045">1045</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1045&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1045&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_III" title="Pope Sylvester III">Pope Sylvester III</a> becomes the 146th pope, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Benedict IX</a>, who abdicated during the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-Sylvester_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sylvester-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>, King of England, marries <a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a> (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Earl_Godwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Godwin">Earl Godwin</a>) and she is crowned queen consort at Winchester.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This year also in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, Edward begins construction of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_III" title="Pope Sylvester III">Pope Sylvester III</a> is deposed (election deemed invalid); <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a> is elected once more, becoming the 147th pope.<sup id="cite_ref-Sylvester_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sylvester-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Reizei" title="Emperor Go-Reizei">Emperor Go-Reizei</a> ascends the throne of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI" title="Pope Gregory VI">Pope Gregory VI</a> becomes the 148th pope, following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a> in exchange for money. There are growing allegations that <a href="/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">simony</a> is taking place during Gregory VI's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a> <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> is invented by <a href="/wiki/Bi_Sheng" title="Bi Sheng">Bi Sheng</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Qingli_Reforms" title="Qingli Reforms">Qingli Reforms</a>, put forth by the Chinese statesman <a href="/wiki/Fan_Zhongyan" title="Fan Zhongyan">Fan Zhongyan</a> in <a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are halted by their conservative ministerial peers, but will later influence reform efforts under <a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang Anshi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Kingdom_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia">Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia</a> is surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>, ending the Kingdom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1046">1046</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1046" title="1046">1046</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1046&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Autumn – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> ("the Black") travels to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> to secure the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Guido_da_Velate" title="Guido da Velate">Guido da Velate</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan">Milan</a>, and other similarly loyal candidates in other sees (like <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Ravenna-Cervia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia">Ravenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Verona" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Verona">Verona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Modena-Nonantola" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Modena-Nonantola">Modena</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vata_pagan_uprising" title="Vata pagan uprising">Vata pagan uprising</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter,_King_of_Hungary" title="Peter, King of Hungary">Peter, King of Hungary</a> ("the Venetian"), is overthrown after a 2-year reign and perhaps executed. Bishops <a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bystr%C3%ADk" title="Bystrík">Bystrík</a> (or Bestricus) are stoned to death in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_2"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ealdred_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Ealdred (archbishop of York)">Ealdred</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Worcester" title="Anglican Diocese of Worcester">Worcester</a>, leads troops from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> on an unsuccessful punitive raid against the Welsh leaders <a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhydderch" title="Gruffydd ap Rhydderch">Gruffydd ap Rhydderch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhys_ap_Rhydderch" title="Rhys ap Rhydderch">Rhys ap Rhydderch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn" title="Gruffydd ap Llywelyn">Gruffydd ap Llywelyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_4"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Zheng" title="Bao Zheng">Bao Zheng</a> (Lord Bao), a Chinese government officer during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Renzong of Song">Emperor Renzong of Song</a>, writes a <a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_throne" title="Memorial to the throne">memorial to the throne</a>. He warns about governmental corruption – and a foreseeable <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Iron_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron industry">iron industry</a> – if increasingly poorer families continued to be listed on the register for iron-smelting households (while rich households avoid being listed for fear of financial calamity). Apparently the government heeds the warning, and produces more <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> products by the year <a href="/wiki/1078" title="1078">1078</a> than <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> ever had before.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munjong_of_Goryeo" title="Munjong of Goryeo">Munjong</a> is crowned the 11th king of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Exploration"> Exploration</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> begins his 7-year <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> (19,000-kilometre) journey, which he later describes in the book <i><a href="/wiki/Safarnama" title="Safarnama">Safarnāmé</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – Ex-<a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a> gives up a renewed attempt to reclaim the papal throne in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_III" title="Pope Sylvester III">Sylvester III</a> reasserts his claim.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI" title="Pope Gregory VI">Pope Gregory VI</a> is accused of <a href="/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">simony</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Sutri" title="Council of Sutri">Council of Sutri</a>, and abdicates as pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" title="Pope Clement II">Pope Clement II</a> succeeds Gregory VI as the 149th pope, and crowns Henry III as <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_Cathedral" title="Hildesheim Cathedral">Hildesheim Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) is largely destroyed by fire.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1047">1047</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1047&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1047&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1047&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_4"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1047&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">28</a> – Rebel general <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tornikios" title="Leo Tornikios">Leo Tornikios</a> (a nephew of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX</a>) proclaims himself emperor at <a href="/wiki/Edirne#History" title="Edirne">Adrianople</a>, and besieges <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Byzantine troops personally led by Constantine repel him, and re-occupy the walls. Tornikios is forced to withdraw, while his followers start to abandon him. Finally, he is captured at a church in <a href="/wiki/Babaeski" title="Babaeski">Boulgarophygon</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), and is publicly blinded.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Winter – Constantine IX allows the <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pecheneg</a> tribes to cross the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> and settle permanently in Byzantine territory. He buys their alliance with presents, using them to attack his enemies (<a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Magyars</a>) in the rear, and so to prevent any southward advance of the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1047&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor</a> ("the Black") travels to southern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>, and deprives <a href="/wiki/Guaimar_IV_of_Salerno" title="Guaimar IV of Salerno">Guaimar IV</a> of his title <a href="/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="County of Apulia and Calabria">Duke of Apulia and Calabria</a>. He receives <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a> from <a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Hauteville" title="Drogo of Hauteville">Drogo of Hauteville</a>, who becomes "Duke and Master of all Italy".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Val-%C3%A8s-Dunes" title="Battle of Val-ès-Dunes">Battle of Val-ès-Dunes</a>: Norman duke <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William I</a> secures control over <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> with assistance from King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I of France</a> by defeating rebel Norman barons at <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>. Later in October, William promulgates the "<a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Truce_of_God" title="Peace and Truce of God">Truce of God</a>" throughout his duchy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a> becomes sole king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a> on the death of his nephew and co-regent <a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus I</a> ("the Good"). The crown of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> passes to <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_II_of_Denmark" title="Sweyn II of Denmark">Sweyn II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1047&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1047&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" title="Pope Clement II">Clement II</a> dies suddenly after a 9-month <a href="/wiki/Pontificate" title="Pontificate">pontificate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Benedict IX</a> usurps the papal throne as the 150th pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (his third time in the office).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November – Benedict IX, with support of <a href="/wiki/Boniface_III,_Margrave_of_Tuscany" title="Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany">Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany</a>, seizes the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1048">1048</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1048" title="1048">1048</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1048&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8">By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_5"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kapetron" title="Battle of Kapetron">Battle of Kapetron</a>: A combined Byzantine-Georgian army, under Byzantine generals <a href="/wiki/Aaronios" title="Aaronios">Aaronios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katakalon_Kekaumenos" title="Katakalon Kekaumenos">Katakalon Kekaumenos</a> (supported by the Georgian duke <a href="/wiki/Liparit_IV,_Duke_of_Kldekari" class="mw-redirect" title="Liparit IV, Duke of Kldekari">Liparit IV</a>), confronts the invading <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Turks</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Inal" title="Ibrahim Inal">Ibrahim Inal</a> (a half-brother of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Tughril" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughril">Tughril</a>), at Kapetron (near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Pasinler,_Erzurum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasinler, Erzurum">Pasinler</a>). The Byzantines defeat their opposing Turkish forces in the flanks, but in the centre Ibrahim Inal captures Liparit, and can safely withdraw from Byzantine territory, laden with spoils and captives, including Liparit.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Winter – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX</a> sends an embassy with gifts and a ransom, to release Liparit IV to Tughril. However, the sultan sets Liparit free, on the condition that he will never again fight the Seljuks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_8"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Winter – <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor</a> appoints his cousin, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Bruno of Toul</a> (related to the counts of <a href="/wiki/Eguisheim" title="Eguisheim">Egisheim-Dagsburg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Alsace" title="Upper Alsace">Upper Alsace</a>) as successor of Damasus II at an <a href="/wiki/Popular_assembly" title="Popular assembly">assembly</a> at <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>.</li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> is founded by King <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a> (approximate date).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_4"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1048 or 1066 – End of the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> make an unsuccessful raid on the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>; The raiders flee to <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> goes to war against Flanders, blockading the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> with a fleet based at <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich, Kent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Catastrophic <a href="/wiki/1048_Yellow_River_flood" title="1048 Yellow River flood">Yellow River flood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song">Northern Song</a> China; the river changes its course until 1194.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5">By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5">Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1048&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – At orders of Henry III, German troops under <a href="/wiki/Boniface_III,_Margrave_of_Tuscany" title="Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany">Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany</a> ("of Canossa"), enter <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and expel <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_II" title="Pope Damasus II">Damasus II</a> succeeds Benedict IX as the 151st <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, but dies after 23 days.</li> <li>December – Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Toul" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Toul">Toul</a>, is selected as the new pope by an assembly at Worms - after canonical election in Rome next February, he assumes the name <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Pope Leo IX</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1049">1049</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1049" title="1049">1049</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1049&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_6"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_revolt" title="Pecheneg revolt">Pecheneg Revolt</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX</a> decides to transfer 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pecheneg</a> warriors from their positions in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> to the eastern front. Upon approaching the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a>, the Pechenegs decide to turn back, and march through <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(theme)" title="Bulgaria (theme)">Bulgaria</a>, until they reach the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Serdia</a>. Later, joined by followers, the Pecheneg tribes raise the banner of revolt in <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Thrace</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_9"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodwin_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Theodwin of Liège">Theodwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop_of_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-bishop of Liège">prince-bishop of Liège</a>, defeats Count <a href="/wiki/Dirk_IV,_Count_of_Holland" title="Dirk IV, Count of Holland">Dirk IV</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">West Frisia</a> near <a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a> and restores imperial authority in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta" title="Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta">Rhine Delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a> successfully completes the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> occupiers.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="British_Isles"> British Isles</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: British Isles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">Viking Irish</a> raiders ally with King <a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Rhydderch" title="Gruffydd ap Rhydderch">Gruffydd ap Rhydderch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwent" title="Kingdom of Gwent">Gwent</a> in raiding along the <a href="/wiki/River_Severn" title="River Severn">River Severn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_3"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hilal" title="Banu Hilal">Banu Hilal</a>, a confederation of <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">tribes of Arabia</a>, begin their invasion in the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>). They are organized by the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> to punish their former <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirid</a> vassals.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_5"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Pagoda" title="Iron Pagoda">Iron Pagoda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> is constructed, during the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1049&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_II" title="Pope Damasus II">Damasus II</a>, as the 152nd <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. He goes on a one-year trip to promote the cause of the reformist program among the European <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelates</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Macbeth of Scotland">Macbeth of Scotland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1057" title="1057">1057</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godwin,_Earl_of_Wessex" title="Godwin, Earl of Wessex">Godwin, Earl of Wessex</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1053" title="1053">1053</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslav I the Wise">Yaroslav I the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">Al-Qa'im (caliph of Baghdad)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>, <a href="/wiki/1041" title="1041">1041</a>, <a href="/wiki/1042" title="1042">1042</a>, <a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a>, <a href="/wiki/1044" title="1044">1044</a>, <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>, <a href="/wiki/1046" title="1046">1046</a>, <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>, <a href="/wiki/1048" title="1048">1048</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1049" title="1049">1049</a></div> <p><b>1040</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yun_Kwan" title="Yun Kwan">Yun Kwan</a>, Korean general (d. <a href="/wiki/1111" title="1111">1111</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Hungary" title="Adelaide of Hungary">Adelaide of Hungary</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1062" title="1062">1062</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rufus" title="Alan Rufus">Alan Rufus</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid_ibn_Abbad" title="Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad">Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad</a>, Abbadid emir of <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Seville</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1095" title="1095">1095</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_of_Soissons" title="Arnold of Soissons">Arnold of Soissons</a>, French bishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Blessed Gerard</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonfilius" title="Bonfilius">Bonfilius</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Foligno" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Foligno">Foligno</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Count_of_Luxembourg" title="Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg">Conrad I</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Luxemburg">Luxembourg</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernulf" title="Ernulf">Ernulf</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> monk and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1124" title="1124">1124</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebhard_(III)_of_Constance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gebhard (III) of Constance">Gebhard III</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Constance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Constance">Constance</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_III,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou</a>, French nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_I_of_Hungary" title="Géza I of Hungary">Géza I</a> (Magnus), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Embriaco" title="Guglielmo Embriaco">Guglielmo Embriaco</a>, Genoese merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haziga_of_Diessen" title="Haziga of Diessen">Haziga of Diessen</a>, German countess (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_III_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald III of Denmark">Harald III</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_I,_Margrave_of_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman I, Margrave of Baden">Herman I</a>, margrave of <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_I,_Count_of_Rethel" title="Hugh I, Count of Rethel">Hugh I</a>, French nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Die" title="Hugh of Die">Hugh of Die</a>, French bishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Aqil" title="Ibn Aqil">Ibn Aqil</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">theologian</a> and jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_of_Lorraine" title="Ida of Lorraine">Ida of Lorraine</a>, French countess (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_of_Chartres" title="Ivo of Chartres">Ivo of Chartres</a>, French bishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Ottone_Frangipane" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ottone Frangipane">Oddone Frangipane</a>, Italian monk and <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_I_of_Furneaux" title="Odo I of Furneaux">Odo I of Furneaux</a> (or Eudes), French nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1086" title="1086">1086</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I of Sicily</a>, Norman nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikelgaita" title="Sikelgaita">Sikelgaita</a>, Lombard duchess of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="County of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1090" title="1090">1090</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfnoth_Godwinson" title="Wulfnoth Godwinson">Wulfnoth Godwinson</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1094" title="1094">1094</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Guanyin" title="Xiao Guanyin">Xiao Guanyin</a>, Chinese empress consort of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1075" title="1075">1075</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayn_al-Din_Gorgani" title="Zayn al-Din Gorgani">Zayn al-Din Gorgani</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">physician</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a>) (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>1041</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ce_no_Masafusa" title="Ōe no Masafusa">Ōe no Masafusa</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">poet</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1111" title="1111">1111</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse">Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse</a> (Raymond of Saint-Gilles), French <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>) (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>1042</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Generous" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław II the Generous">Bolesław II the Generous</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Poland</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canute_IV_of_Denmark" title="Canute IV of Denmark">Canute IV</a> ("the Holy"), king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Morozane" title="Fujiwara no Morozane">Fujiwara no Morozane</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gissur_%C3%8Dsleifsson" title="Gissur Ísleifsson">Gissur Ísleifsson</a>, Icelandic clergyman and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_of_Jerusalem" title="Johannes of Jerusalem">Johannes of Jerusalem</a>, French monk and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Springer" title="Louis the Springer">Louis the Springer</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitsuna" title="Minamoto no Yoshitsuna">Minamoto no Yoshitsuna</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1134" title="1134">1134</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho V</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Pamplona</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1094" title="1094">1094</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1043</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Abu Muhammad al-Baghawi</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1122" title="1122">1122</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81urea_of_San_Mill%C3%A1n" title="Áurea of San Millán">Áurea of San Millán</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">anchorite</a> and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1070" title="1070">1070</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulk_IV,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Fulk IV, Count of Anjou">Fulk IV</a> ("the Quarreller"), French <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1109" title="1109">1109</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furong_Daokai" title="Furong Daokai">Furong Daokai</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Reuben_Albargeloni" title="Isaac ben Reuben Albargeloni">Isaac ben Reuben Albargeloni</a>, Spanish Jewish <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a> (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar), Spanish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1099" title="1099">1099</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1044</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trahaearn_ap_Caradog" title="Trahaearn ap Caradog">Trahaearn ap Caradog</a>, Welsh king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (d. 1081)</li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abelard_of_Hauteville" title="Abelard of Hauteville">Abelard of Hauteville</a>, Italo-Norman <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1081" title="1081">1081</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_Herman" title="Władysław I Herman">Władysław I Herman</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1045</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Tingjian" title="Huang Tingjian">Huang Tingjian</a>, famous Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret</a>, queen consort of Scotland (d. <a href="/wiki/1093" title="1093">1093</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Arbrissel" title="Robert of Arbrissel">Robert of Arbrissel</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1116" title="1116">1116</a>), Bretonic preacher and founder of <a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Fontevraud Abbey</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen,_Count_of_Blois" title="Stephen, Count of Blois">Stephen, Count of Blois</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1046</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Burgundy" title="Constance of Burgundy">Constance of Burgundy</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1093" title="1093">1093</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afridun_I" title="Afridun I">Afridun I</a> ("the Martyr"), ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Thiron" title="Bernard of Thiron">Bernard of Thiron</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Tironensian_Order" title="Tironensian Order">Tironensian Order</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1117" title="1117">1117</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingegerd_of_Norway" title="Ingegerd of Norway">Ingegerd</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_of_Ostia" title="Leo of Ostia">Leo of Ostia</a> ("Marsicanus"), Italian <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masud_Sa%27d_Salman" title="Masud Sa'd Salman">Masud Sa'd Salman</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">poet</a> and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1121" title="1121">1121</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda</a>, margravine of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a>) (approximate date)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1047</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sunjong_of_Goryeo" title="Sunjong of Goryeo">Sunjong</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1083" title="1083">1083</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Jing" title="Cai Jing">Cai Jing</a>, Chinese official and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligrapher</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingshui_(monk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingshui (monk)">Qingshui</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan Buddhist</a> monk (d. 1101)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Xiang" title="Empress Xiang">Xiang</a>, Chinese empress <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yizong_of_Western_Xia" title="Emperor Yizong of Western Xia">Yizong</a>, Chinese emperor of <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1068" title="1068">1068</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_d%27Avranches,_Earl_of_Chester" title="Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester">Hugh d'Avranches</a>, Norman <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Cr%C3%A9py" title="Simon de Crépy">Simon de Crépy</a>, French nobleman<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyszes%C5%82awa_of_Kiev" title="Wyszesława of Kiev">Wyszesława of Kiev</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1048</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics in medieval Islam">mathematician</a> and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shenzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Shenzong of Song">Shenzong</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1085" title="1085">1085</a>)</li> <li>October – <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Germany,_Duchess_of_Swabia" title="Matilda of Germany, Duchess of Swabia">Matilda of Germany</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1060" title="1060">1060</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwa_al-Sulayhi" title="Arwa al-Sulayhi">Arwa al-Sulayhi</a>, queen and co-ruler of <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_Ua_Lochlainn" title="Domnall Ua Lochlainn">Domnall Ua Lochlainn</a>, High King of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1121" title="1121">1121</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harding_of_Bristol" title="Harding of Bristol">Harding of Bristol</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">sheriff reeve</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_II_of_Norway" title="Magnus II of Norway">Magnus II</a> (Haraldsson), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Peter I, Count of Savoy">Peter I</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1078" title="1078">1078</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> writer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgot_of_Durham" title="Turgot of Durham">Turgot of Durham</a>, Scottish bishop (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>1049</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seonjong_of_Goryeo" title="Seonjong of Goryeo">Seonjong</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1094" title="1094">1094</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godelieve" title="Godelieve">Godelieve</a>, Flemish saint (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_II,_Count_Palatine_of_Lotharingia" title="Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia">Hermann II</a>, count palatine of <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1085" title="1085">1085</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Theristus" title="John Theristus">John Theristus</a>, Italian Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1129" title="1129">1129</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Gonglin" title="Li Gonglin">Li Gonglin</a>, Chinese painter and <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Honestis" title="Peter de Honestis">Peter de Honestis</a>, Italian monk (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_Lu" title="Saw Lu">Saw Lu</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1084" title="1084">1084</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiryd_ap_Bleddyn" title="Rhiryd ap Bleddyn">Rhiryd ap Bleddyn</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1088" title="1088">1088</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a>, <a href="/wiki/1041" title="1041">1041</a>, <a href="/wiki/1042" title="1042">1042</a>, <a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a>, <a href="/wiki/1044" title="1044">1044</a>, <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>, <a href="/wiki/1046" title="1046">1046</a>, <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>, <a href="/wiki/1048" title="1048">1048</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1049" title="1049">1049</a></div> <p><b>1040</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mas%27ud_I_of_Ghazni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mas'ud I of Ghazni">Mas'ud I</a>, Ghaznavid sultan (b. <a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cunigunde_of_Luxembourg" title="Cunigunde of Luxembourg">Cunigunde</a>, Holy Roman Empress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harold_Harefoot" title="Harold Harefoot">Harold Harefoot</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Renauld_I,_Count_of_Nevers" title="Renauld I, Count of Nevers">Renauld I</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fulk_III,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Fulk III, Count of Anjou">Fulk III</a>, French nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/970" title="970">970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" title="Duncan I of Scotland">Duncan I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_III,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Alan III, Duke of Brittany">Alan III</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/997" title="997">997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hashim_al-Hasan" title="Abu Hashim al-Hasan">Abu Hashim al-Hasan</a>, Zaidi <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> and ruler of <a href="/wiki/Jemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemen">Jemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nasr_Mushkan" title="Abu Nasr Mushkan">Abu Nasr Mushkan</a>, Persian statesman (or <a href="/wiki/1039" title="1039">1039</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Daya" title="Ali Daya">Ali Daya</a>, Ghaznavid commander-in-chief, executed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begtoghdi" title="Begtoghdi">Begtoghdi</a>, Ghaznavid commander-in-chief, executed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Milan" title="Bertha of Milan">Bertha of Milan</a>, Lombard duchess (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_I_of_Meissen" title="Dietrich I of Meissen">Dietrich I</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dresden-Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen">Meissen</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Count_of_Brionne" title="Gilbert, Count of Brionne">Gilbert, Count of Brionne</a>, Norman nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helias_of_Cologne" title="Helias of Cologne">Helias of Cologne</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> and musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Count_of_Suio" title="Hugh, Count of Suio">Hugh</a>, Italian nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_I,_Count_of_Emp%C3%BAries" title="Hugh I, Count of Empúries">Hugh I</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Emp%C3%BAries" title="County of Empúries">Empúries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peralada" title="Peralada">Peralada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Ibn al-Haytham</a>, Arab <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">astronomer</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Gaeta" title="John V of Gaeta">John V</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gaeta" title="Duchy of Gaeta">Gaeta</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Amalfi" title="Maria of Amalfi">Maria of Amalfi</a>, Lombard duchess (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Dokeianos" title="Nikephoros Dokeianos">Nikephoros Dokeianos</a>, Byzantine general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuri" title="Unsuri">Unsuri</a>, Persian poet and writer (or <a href="/wiki/1039" title="1039">1039</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshe-%C3%96" title="Yeshe-Ö">Yeshe-Ö</a>, Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lama</a>-king (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>1041</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kint%C5%8D" title="Fujiwara no Kintō">Fujiwara no Kintō</a>, Japanese poet (b. <a href="/wiki/966" title="966">966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV the Paphlagonian</a>, Byzantine emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/1010" title="1010">1010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_II_of_Lotharingia" title="Adolf II of Lotharingia">Adolf II of Lotharingia</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1002" title="1002">1002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akazome_Emon" title="Akazome Emon">Akazome Emon</a>, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> poet (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwulf_IV_of_Bamburgh" title="Eadwulf IV of Bamburgh">Eadwulf IV of Bamburgh</a>, Northumbrian ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Durham" title="Edmund of Durham">Edmund of Durham</a> (or Eadmund), English bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangeyadeva" title="Gangeyadeva">Gangeyadeva</a>, Indian ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kalachuris_of_Tripuri" title="Kalachuris of Tripuri">Kalachuris of Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Beathaidh_mac_Ainmire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac Beathaidh mac Ainmire">Mac Beathaidh mac Ainmire</a>, Irish poet and <a href="/wiki/Ollamh_%C3%89renn" title="Ollamh Érenn">Chief Ollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghazni" title="Muhammad of Ghazni">Muhammad of Ghazni</a>, sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Rustam_Dushmanziyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar">Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar</a>, Buyid emir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Delyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Delyan">Peter Delyan</a>, Bulgarian rebel leader and ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampiro" title="Sampiro">Sampiro</a>, Spanish bishop, politician and intellectual</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancred_of_Hauteville" title="Tancred of Hauteville">Tancred of Hauteville</a>, Norman nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/980" title="980">980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramabahu,_Prince_of_Ruhuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikramabahu, Prince of Ruhuna">Vikramabahu, Prince of Ruhuna</a> (or Kassapa), ruler of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1017" title="1017">1017</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1042</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_Muhammad_ibn_Abbad" title="Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad">Abbad I</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Abbadid_dynasty" title="Abbadid dynasty">Abbadid Dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/984" title="984">984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a>, king of Denmark and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V Kalaphates</a>, Byzantine emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushtakin_al-Dizbari" title="Anushtakin al-Dizbari">Anushtakin al-Dizbari</a>, Fatimid governor of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardos_(catepan)" title="Pardos (catepan)">Pardos</a>, Byzantine governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Katepano" title="Katepano">catepan</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Italy</a></li></ul> <p><b>1043</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gisela_of_Swabia" title="Gisela of Swabia">Gisela of Swabia</a>, Holy Roman Empress (b. <a href="/wiki/990" title="990">990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexius_of_Constantinople" title="Alexius of Constantinople">Alexios Stoudites</a>, patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_of_Sobrarbe_and_Ribagorza" title="Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza">Gonzalo Sánchez</a>, Spanish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1020" title="1020">1020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Hungarian" title="Moses the Hungarian">Moses the Hungarian</a>, Kievan Russian monk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtana_Baha%27uddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin">Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin</a>, Druze religious leader (b. <a href="/wiki/979" title="979">979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_mac_Ruaidhri" title="Cathal mac Ruaidhri">Cathal mac Ruaidhri</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Maigh_Se%C3%B3la" title="Maigh Seóla">Maigh Seóla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Maniakes" title="George Maniakes">George Maniakes</a>, Byzantine general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallvard_Vebj%C3%B8rnsson" title="Hallvard Vebjørnsson">Hallvard Vebjørnsson</a>, Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hywel_ab_Owain" title="Hywel ab Owain">Hywel ab Owain</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Glywysing" title="Glywysing">Glywysing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1044</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_I,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Adelaide I, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Adelaide I</a>, abbess of <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg_Abbey" title="Quedlinburg Abbey">Quedlinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yuanyan" title="Zhao Yuanyan">Zhao Yuanyan</a>, Chinese prince of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/985" title="985">985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gothelo_I,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine">Gothelo I</a> (or Gozelo), duke of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Aba" title="Samuel Aba">Samuel Aba</a>, palatine and king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sokkate" title="Sokkate">Sokkate</a>, last king of the <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Kingdom</a>, killed in combat (b. <a href="/wiki/1001" title="1001">1001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thietmar_of_Hildesheim" title="Thietmar of Hildesheim">Thietmar of Hildesheim</a>, German bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Husayn_al-Basri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri">Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri</a>, Mu'tazilite <a href="/wiki/Faqeeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqeeh">faqih</a> and theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al-Murtaza" title="Sharif al-Murtaza">Sharif al-Murtaza</a>, Buyid <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1045</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Suzaku" title="Emperor Go-Suzaku">Emperor Go-Suzaku</a> of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1009" title="1009">1009</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno of Würzburg">Bruno of Würzburg</a>, imperial chancellor of Italy (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1005" title="1005">1005</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hemma_of_Gurk" title="Hemma of Gurk">Hemma of Gurk</a>, Austrian religious founder and countess (b. <a href="/wiki/980" title="980">980</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radbot,_Count_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Radbot, Count of Habsburg">Radbot, Count of Habsburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/985" title="985">985</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Approximate date – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Skleraina" title="Maria Skleraina">Maria Skleraina</a>, Byzantine Imperial political adviser</li></ul> <p><b>1046</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eckard_II,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen">Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen</a> (or Ekkehard), German <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/985" title="985">985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Sanesuke" title="Fujiwara no Sanesuke">Fujiwara no Sanesuke</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/957" title="957">957</a>)</li> <li>March – <a href="/wiki/Lyfing_of_Winchester" title="Lyfing of Winchester">Lyfing of Winchester</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeongjong,_10th_Monarch_of_Goryeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeongjong, 10th Monarch of Goryeo">Jeongjong II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1018" title="1018">1018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elijah_of_Nisibis" title="Elijah of Nisibis">Elijah</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Adiabene_(East_Syriac_Ecclesiastical_Province)#The_diocese_of_Beth_Nuhadra" class="mw-redirect" title="Adiabene (East Syriac Ecclesiastical Province)">Beth Nuhadra</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/975" title="975">975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a>, Hungarian missionary bishop, killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bystr%C3%ADk" title="Bystrík">Bystrík</a> (or Bestricus), Hungarian bishop, killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Uallach_Ua_Ruairc" title="Art Uallach Ua Ruairc">Art Uallach Ua Ruairc</a>, Irish king of <a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eido_II" title="Eido II">Eido II</a> (or Egidius), bishop of <a href="/wiki/Meissen" title="Meissen">Meissen</a> (or <a href="/wiki/1045" title="1045">1045</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_II,_Count_of_G%C3%A2tinais" title="Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais">Geoffrey II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2tinais" title="Gâtinais">Gâtinais</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothelo_II_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Gothelo II of Lower Lorraine">Gothelo II</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1008" title="1008">1008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot_Oliba" title="Abbot Oliba">Oliba</a>, Spanish count, abbot and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Verdun" title="Richard of Verdun">Richard of Verdun</a>, French abbot (b. <a href="/wiki/970" title="970">970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Iron_Arm" title="William Iron Arm">William Iron Arm</a>, Norman nobleman</li></ul> <p><b>1047</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> (or 1048) – <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_of_Abingdon" title="Æthelstan of Abingdon">Æthelstan of Abingdon</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (or <a href="/wiki/1048" title="1048">1048</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Poppo_(archbishop_of_Trier)" title="Poppo (archbishop of Trier)">Poppo</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Trier" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier">Trier</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_of_Winchester" title="Ælfwine of Winchester">Ælfwine</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Winchester" title="Diocese of Winchester">Winchester</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Otto II, Duke of Swabia">Otto II</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" title="Pope Clement II">Clement II</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria">Henry VII</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus the Good</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_I,_Count_of_Boulogne" title="Eustace I, Count of Boulogne">Eustace I</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Boulogne" title="County of Boulogne">Boulogne</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Flanders" title="House of Flanders">House of Flanders</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimketel" title="Grimketel">Grimketel</a>, English clergyman and bishop<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert I, Count of Savoy">Humbert I</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> (or <a href="/wiki/1048" title="1048">1048</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente" title="Levente">Levente</a>, Hungarian nobleman (<a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">House of Árpád</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miec%C5%82aw" title="Miecław">Miecław</a> (or Miesław), Polish nobleman<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nripa_Kama_II" title="Nripa Kama II">Nripa Kama II</a>, Indian king (<a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_III_of_Pallars_Juss%C3%A0" title="Raymond III of Pallars Jussà">Raymond III</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Pallars" title="County of Pallars">Pallars Jussà</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodulfus_Glaber" title="Rodulfus Glaber">Rodulfus Glaber</a>, French Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicler</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/985" title="985">985</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Troyes" title="Stephen II of Troyes">Stephen II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Meaux</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Flaitel" title="Gerard Flaitel">Gerard Flaitel</a>, Norman nobleman and knight<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godgifu_(daughter_of_%C3%86thelred_the_Unready)" title="Godgifu (daughter of Æthelred the Unready)">Godgifu</a>, English princess<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1048</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jingzong_of_Western_Xia" title="Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia">Jingzong</a>, Chinese founding emperor of <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Poppo_of_Stavelot" title="Poppo of Stavelot">Poppo</a>, abbot of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Stavelot-Malmedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy">Stavelot-Malmedy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/977" title="977">977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> (or 1047) – <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_of_Abingdon" title="Æthelstan of Abingdon">Æthelstan of Abingdon</a>, English abbot (or <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yorinobu" title="Minamoto no Yorinobu">Minamoto no Yorinobu</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/968" title="968">968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Reichenau" title="Berno of Reichenau">Berno of Reichenau</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_II" title="Pope Damasus II">Damasus II</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adalbert,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Adalbert, Duke of Lorraine">Adalbert</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Upper Lorraine</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/AD_1000" title="AD 1000">1000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a>, Persian scholar and <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/973" title="973">973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenn_F%C3%A1elad_Ua_C%C3%BAill" title="Cenn Fáelad Ua Cúill">Cenn Fáelad Ua Cúill</a>, Irish poet and <a href="/wiki/Ollamh_%C3%89renn" title="Ollamh Érenn">Chief Ollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_I,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert I, Count of Savoy">Humbert I</a>, founder of the House of Savoy (or <a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mael_Fabhaill_Ua_hEidhin" title="Mael Fabhaill Ua hEidhin">Mael Fabhaill Ua hEidhin</a>, Irish king of <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Fiachrach_Aidhne" title="Uí Fiachrach Aidhne">Uí Fiachrach Aidhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainulf_Trincanocte" title="Rainulf Trincanocte">Rainulf Trincanocte</a>, Italo-Norman nobleman</li></ul> <p><b>1049</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odilo_of_Cluny" title="Odilo of Cluny">Odilo of Cluny</a>, French Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr">Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> poet (b. <a href="/wiki/967" title="967">967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dirk_IV,_Count_of_Holland" title="Dirk IV, Count of Holland">Dirk IV</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Friesland west of the Vlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ermesinda_of_Bigorre" title="Ermesinda of Bigorre">Ermesinda of Bigorre</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1015" title="1015">1015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlangga" title="Airlangga">Airlangga</a>, Indonesian ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">raja</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Kahuripan" title="Kahuripan">Kahuripan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1040s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLawson2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lawson, M. K. (2004-09-23). "Harthcnut". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12252">10.1093/ref:odnb/12252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harthcnut&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12252&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=M.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Quadripartitus" title="Quadripartitus">Quadripartitus</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert Meynier (2010). <i>L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)</i>. Paris: La Découverte; p.50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Brzezinski (1998). <i>History of Poland: Old Poland – The Piast Dynasty</i>, p. 18. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7212-019-6" title="Special:BookSources/83-7212-019-6">83-7212-019-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/MF1914.pdf">"The Chronicle of Novgorod"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London Offices of the Society. 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/MF1914.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chronicle+of+Novgorod&rft.pub=London+Offices+of+the+Society&rft.date=1914&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fdwaugh%2Frus%2Ftexts%2FMF1914.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Franklin, Jonathan Shepard, <i>The Emergence of Kievan Rus' 750–1200</i>, (Routledge, 2013), p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel2001" class="citation book cs1">Engel, Pál (2001-02-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fBG9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT47"><i>Realm of St Stephen, The: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-173-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-173-9"><bdi>978-0-85773-173-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realm+of+St+Stephen%2C+The%3A+A+History+of+Medieval+Hungary%2C+895-1526&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.isbn=978-0-85773-173-9&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A1l&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfBG9BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sylvester-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sylvester_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sylvester_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sylvester-III">"Sylvester III - pope or antipope"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Sylvester+III+-+pope+or+antipope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSylvester-III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/edward_confessor.shtml">"Edward the Confessor"</a>. <i>BBC - History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+-+History&rft.atitle=Edward+the+Confessor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fedward_confessor.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westendatwar.org.uk/page_id__186_path__0p28p.aspx">"Westminster Abbey"</a>. <i>www.westendatwar.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.westendatwar.org.uk&rft.atitle=Westminster+Abbey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westendatwar.org.uk%2Fpage_id__186_path__0p28p.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolphson2000" class="citation book cs1">Adolphson, Mikael S. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kjT8_78YAwAC&pg=PA77"><i>The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824823344" title="Special:BookSources/9780824823344"><bdi>9780824823344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gates+of+Power%3A+Monks%2C+Courtiers%2C+and+Warriors+in+Premodern+Japan&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780824823344&rft.aulast=Adolphson&rft.aufirst=Mikael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkjT8_78YAwAC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregory-VI-pope">"Gregory VI - pope"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Gregory+VI+-+pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGregory-VI-pope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi894.htm">"No. 894: Inventing Printing"</a>. <i>www.uh.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uh.edu&rft.atitle=No.+894%3A+Inventing+Printing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uh.edu%2Fengines%2Fepi894.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbreySmith2016" class="citation book cs1">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9SpADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA192"><i>State Power in China, 900-1325</i></a>. University of Washington Press. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295998480" title="Special:BookSources/9780295998480"><bdi>9780295998480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Power+in+China%2C+900-1325&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780295998480&rft.aulast=Ebrey&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Buckley&rft.au=Smith%2C+Paul+Jakov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9SpADAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbreySmith2016" class="citation book cs1">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9SpADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172"><i>State Power in China, 900-1325</i></a>. University of Washington Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295998480" title="Special:BookSources/9780295998480"><bdi>9780295998480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Power+in+China%2C+900-1325&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780295998480&rft.aulast=Ebrey&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Buckley&rft.au=Smith%2C+Paul+Jakov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9SpADAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuscroft2005" class="citation book cs1">Huscroft, Richard (2005). <i>Ruling England 1042–1217</i>. London: Pearson Longman. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-84882-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-84882-2"><bdi>0-582-84882-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruling+England+1042%E2%80%931217&rft.place=London&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-582-84882-2&rft.aulast=Huscroft&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaund2006" class="citation book cs1">Maund, Kari L. (2006). <i>The Welsh Kings: Warriors, Warlords and Princes</i>. Stroud: Tempus. pp. 89–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2973-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2973-6"><bdi>0-7524-2973-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Kings%3A+Warriors%2C+Warlords+and+Princes&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=89-90&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7524-2973-6&rft.aulast=Maund&rft.aufirst=Kari+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2097. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=2097&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmythe2000" class="citation book cs1">Smythe, Dion C. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yyk_DwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Leo+Tornikios&pg=PA71">"Macedonians in Eleventh and Twelfth Century Byzantine Historiography"</a>. In Burke, John; Scott, Roger (eds.). <i>Byzantine Macedonia: Identity, Image and History: Papers from the Melbourne Conference July 1995</i>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 71–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004344730" title="Special:BookSources/9789004344730"><bdi>9789004344730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedonians+in+Eleventh+and+Twelfth+Century+Byzantine+Historiography&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Macedonia%3A+Identity%2C+Image+and+History%3A+Papers+from+the+Melbourne+Conference+July+1995&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=71-72&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789004344730&rft.aulast=Smythe&rft.aufirst=Dion+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYyk_DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BLeo%2BTornikios%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoord1911" class="citation book cs1">Foord, E. A. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RVoPAwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Leo+Tornikios&pg=PA310"><i>The Byzantine Empire: The Rear Guard of the European Civilization</i></a>. London: Adam & Charles Black. pp. 310–311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785875891434" title="Special:BookSources/9785875891434"><bdi>9785875891434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Empire%3A+The+Rear+Guard+of+the+European+Civilization&rft.place=London&rft.pages=310-311&rft.pub=Adam+%26+Charles+Black&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=9785875891434&rft.aulast=Foord&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRVoPAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BLeo%2BTornikios%26pg%3DPA310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Julius Norwich (2011). <i>Byzantium: The Apogee</i>, pp. 314–315. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53779-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53779-3">0-394-53779-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadgearu2013" class="citation book cs1">Madgearu, Alexandru (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24S4DkCsjz8C&q=1047+Pechenegs+Constantine&pg=PA126"><i>Byzantine Military Organization on the Danube, 10th-12th Centuries</i></a>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 124–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004252493" title="Special:BookSources/9789004252493"><bdi>9789004252493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Military+Organization+on+the+Danube%2C+10th-12th+Centuries&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=124-126&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004252493&rft.aulast=Madgearu&rft.aufirst=Alexandru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D24S4DkCsjz8C%26q%3D1047%2BPechenegs%2BConstantine%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. "Raiders from the North, 1046 to the 1070s". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raiders+from+the+North%2C+1046+to+the+1070s&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raoul Manselli (1960). "Altavilla, Drogone". <i>Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</i>, vol. 2. Alberto Ghisalberti (ed.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoud2014" class="citation book cs1">Loud, Graham (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M40ABAAAQBAJ&q=1047+Guaimar+IV&pg=PA109"><i>The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Northern Conquest</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 106–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317900238" title="Special:BookSources/9781317900238"><bdi>9781317900238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Robert+Guiscard%3A+Southern+Italy+and+the+Northern+Conquest&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=106-107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317900238&rft.aulast=Loud&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM40ABAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BGuaimar%2BIV%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFof_Montecassino2004" class="citation book cs1">of Montecassino, Amatus (2004). Loud, Graham A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gop3g_fuNQQC&q=1047+Guaimar+IV&pg=PA87"><i>The History of the Normans</i></a>. Translated by Dunbar, Prescott N. Woodbridge, England and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. pp. 86–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843830788" title="Special:BookSources/9781843830788"><bdi>9781843830788</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Normans&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+England+and+Rochester%2C+NY&rft.pages=86-87&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781843830788&rft.aulast=of+Montecassino&rft.aufirst=Amatus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGop3g_fuNQQC%26q%3D1047%2BGuaimar%2BIV%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David C. Douglas (1999). <i>William the Conqueror</i>, p. 1026. (Yale University Press).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorillo1999" class="citation book cs1">Morillo, Stephen (1999) [1996]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4jvgO9op-igC&q=1047+Battle+of+Val-%C3%A8s-Dunes&pg=PA98"><i>The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations</i></a>. Woodbridge, England: Boydell & Brewer. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851156194" title="Special:BookSources/9780851156194"><bdi>9780851156194</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Hastings%3A+Sources+and+Interpretations&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+England&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780851156194&rft.aulast=Morillo&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4jvgO9op-igC%26q%3D1047%2BBattle%2Bof%2BVal-%25C3%25A8s-Dunes%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1964" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, David Charles (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zSJnMdalm1cC&q=1047+Battle+of+Val-%C3%A8s-Dunes&pg=PA383">"Appendix B: The Chronology of Duke William's Campaigns Between 1047 and 1054"</a>. <i>William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England</i>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 383.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+B%3A+The+Chronology+of+Duke+William%27s+Campaigns+Between+1047+and+1054&rft.btitle=William+the+Conqueror%3A+The+Norman+Impact+Upon+England&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=David+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzSJnMdalm1cC%26q%3D1047%2BBattle%2Bof%2BVal-%25C3%25A8s-Dunes%26pg%3DPA383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkerton1814" class="citation book cs1">Pinkerton, John (1814). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vp1oIgjuqxkC&q=1047+Harald+III&pg=PA340"><i>An Enquiry Into the History of Scotland: Preceding the Reign of Malcolm III, Or the Year 1056, Including the Authentic History of that Period</i></a>. Vol. II. Edinburgh: J. Ballantyne and Company, for Bell & Bradfute. p. 340.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enquiry+Into+the+History+of+Scotland%3A+Preceding+the+Reign+of+Malcolm+III%2C+Or+the+Year+1056%2C+Including+the+Authentic+History+of+that+Period&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=J.+Ballantyne+and+Company%2C+for+Bell+%26+Bradfute&rft.date=1814&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvp1oIgjuqxkC%26q%3D1047%2BHarald%2BIII%26pg%3DPA340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheaton1831" class="citation book cs1">Wheaton, Henry (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historynorthmen00wheagoog"><i>History of the Northmen, Or Danes and Normans, from the Earliest Times to the Conquest of England by William of Normandy</i></a>. London: John Murray. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historynorthmen00wheagoog/page/n367">345</a>. <q>1047 Harald III.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Northmen%2C+Or+Danes+and+Normans%2C+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Conquest+of+England+by+William+of+Normandy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Wheaton&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorynorthmen00wheagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiseHansenEgan2005" class="citation book cs1">Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005) [1967]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PEsM1ibpcJQC&q=1047+Sweyn+II&pg=PA81"><i>Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen</i></a>. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402725920" title="Special:BookSources/9781402725920"><bdi>9781402725920</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings%2C+Rulers%2C+and+Statesmen&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781402725920&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Leonard+F.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Mark+Hillary&rft.au=Egan%2C+E.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPEsM1ibpcJQC%26q%3D1047%2BSweyn%2BII%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenthal2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (2017). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkErDwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Pope+Clement+II&pg=PA458"><i>Routledge Revivals: Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. I: A - K. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 458. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351664462" title="Special:BookSources/9781351664462"><bdi>9781351664462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Revivals%3A+Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=458&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351664462&rft.aulast=Blumenthal&rft.aufirst=Uta-Renate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlkErDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BPope%2BClement%2BII%26pg%3DPA458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelve2007" class="citation book cs1">Melve, Leidulf (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xPqvCQAAQBAJ&q=1047+Pope+Clement+II&pg=PA123"><i>Inventing the Public Sphere: The Public Debate during the Investiture Contest (c. 1030–1122)</i></a>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789047422754" title="Special:BookSources/9789047422754"><bdi>9789047422754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+the+Public+Sphere%3A+The+Public+Debate+during+the+Investiture+Contest+%28c.+1030%E2%80%931122%29&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789047422754&rft.aulast=Melve&rft.aufirst=Leidulf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxPqvCQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BPope%2BClement%2BII%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecchioSchadé2006" class="citation book cs1">Becchio, Bruno; Schadé, Johannes P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XRkfKdho-5cC&q=1047+Pope+Clement+II&pg=PP210"><i>Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>. Amsterdam and Zurich: Foreign Media Group. p. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781601360007" title="Special:BookSources/9781601360007"><bdi>9781601360007</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.place=Amsterdam+and+Zurich&rft.pages=2006&rft.pub=Foreign+Media+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781601360007&rft.aulast=Becchio&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Schad%C3%A9%2C+Johannes+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRkfKdho-5cC%26q%3D1047%2BPope%2BClement%2BII%26pg%3DPP210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPham2004" class="citation book cs1">Pham, John-Peter (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heirsoffisherman00pham"><i>Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession</i></a></span>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heirsoffisherman00pham/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195346350" title="Special:BookSources/9780195346350"><bdi>9780195346350</bdi></a>. <q>1047 Benedict IX.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heirs+of+the+Fisherman%3A+Behind+the+Scenes+of+Papal+Death+and+Succession&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780195346350&rft.aulast=Pham&rft.aufirst=John-Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheirsoffisherman00pham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.S2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">A.S (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vcDBAgAAQBAJ&q=1047+Benedict+IX+Lateran&pg=PA169">"Benedict IX (1032 - 1044, 1045, 1047 - 1048)"</a>. <i>A Corrupt Tree: An Encyclopaedia of Crimes committed by the Church of Rome against Humanity and the Human Spirit</i>. Vol. I: The Unholy Popes and the Debasement of Western Civilization. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corporation. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483665375" title="Special:BookSources/9781483665375"><bdi>9781483665375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Benedict+IX+%281032+-+1044%2C+1045%2C+1047+-+1048%29&rft.btitle=A+Corrupt+Tree%3A+An+Encyclopaedia+of+Crimes+committed+by+the+Church+of+Rome+against+Humanity+and+the+Human+Spirit&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781483665375&rft.au=A.S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvcDBAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BBenedict%2BIX%2BLateran%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeihammer2017" class="citation book cs1">Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HyYlDwAAQBAJ"><i>Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040–1130</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-98386-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-98386-0"><bdi>978-1-351-98386-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Emergence+of+Muslim-Turkish+Anatolia%2C+ca.+1040%E2%80%931130&rft.pages=77-79&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-98386-0&rft.aulast=Beihammer&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHyYlDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g190479-s1/Oslo:Norway:Inside.html">"Inside Oslo: Inside"</a>. Trip Advisor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+Oslo%3A+Inside&rft.pub=Trip+Advisor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FTravel-g190479-s1%2FOslo%3ANorway%3AInside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBH-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBH_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBH_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmerPalmer1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). <i>The Chronology of British History</i>. London: Century Ltd. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2"><bdi>0-7126-5616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7126-5616-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philibert_Schmitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philibert Schmitz (page does not exist)">Philibert Schmitz</a>, "Theoduin", in <i><a href="/wiki/Biographie_Nationale_de_Belgique" title="Biographie Nationale de Belgique">Biographie Nationale de Belgique</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academieroyale.be/Academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2072.pdf">vol. 24</a> (Brussels, 1929), 757-758.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenvenuti1985" class="citation book cs1">Benvenuti, Gino (1985). <i>Le Repubbliche Marinare. 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Pearson Education Ltd. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-42381-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-42381-3"><bdi>0-582-42381-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Godwins&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+Ltd&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-582-42381-3&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFu2003" class="citation book cs1">Fu, Shen (2003). 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Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism. Vol. 22. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824835088" title="Special:BookSources/9780824835088"><bdi>9780824835088</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Zen+Became+Zen%3A+The+Dispute+Over+Enlightenment+and+the+Formation+of+Chan+Buddhism+in+Song-Dynasty+China&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+HI&rft.series=Kuroda+Institute+Studies+in+East+Asian+Buddhism&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780824835088&rft.aulast=Schlutter&rft.aufirst=Morten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWQXs14Qc8p4C%26q%3D1047%2BCai%2BJing%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkColebrook2007" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Hugh R.; Colebrook, Claire (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=126EsR8rpC8C&q=1047+Cai+Jing&pg=PA376"><i>Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang Through the Song</i></a>. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789629962272" title="Special:BookSources/9789629962272"><bdi>9789629962272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+a+Community%3A+Society%2C+Culture%2C+and+the+Structures+of+Kinship+in+the+Mulan+River+Valley+%28Fujian%29+from+the+Late+Tang+Through+the+Song&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789629962272&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Hugh+R.&rft.au=Colebrook%2C+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D126EsR8rpC8C%26q%3D1047%2BCai%2BJing%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargent2007" class="citation book cs1">Sargent, Stuart (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9uvCQAAQBAJ&q=1047+Cai+Jing&pg=PA302"><i>The Poetry of He Zhu (1052-1125): Genres, Contexts, and Creativity</i></a>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789047419273" title="Special:BookSources/9789047419273"><bdi>9789047419273</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poetry+of+He+Zhu+%281052-1125%29%3A+Genres%2C+Contexts%2C+and+Creativity&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789047419273&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ9uvCQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BCai%2BJing%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYan2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yan, Mo (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yuWdCwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Qingshui&pg=PT665"><i>El Suplicio Del Aroma De Sándalo</i></a> (in Spanish). 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Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789629962333" title="Special:BookSources/9789629962333"><bdi>9789629962333</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Worship+of+Qingshui+Zushi+and+Religious+Revivalism+in+Southern+China&rft.btitle=Southern+Fujian%3A+Reproduction+of+Traditions+in+Post-Mao+China&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789629962333&rft.aulast=Kuah-Pearce&rft.aufirst=Khung+Eng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPK_keabzacsC%26q%3DQingshui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinsch2016" class="citation book cs1">Hinsch, Bret (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1L7kDAAAQBAJ&q=1047+empress+Xiang&pg=PA120"><i>Women in Imperial China</i></a>. Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York and London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442271661" title="Special:BookSources/9781442271661"><bdi>9781442271661</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Imperial+China&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD%2C+Boulder%2C+CO%2C+New+York+and+London&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781442271661&rft.aulast=Hinsch&rft.aufirst=Bret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1L7kDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2Bempress%2BXiang%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeWiles2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xqNsBgAAQBAJ&q=1047+empress+Xiang&pg=PA479"><i>Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women</i></a>. 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London and New York: Routledge. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317515623" title="Special:BookSources/9781317515623"><bdi>9781317515623</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+Chinese+Women&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317515623&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Lily+Xiao+Hong&rft.au=Wiles%2C+Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxqNsBgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2Bempress%2BXiang%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrey2008" class="citation book cs1">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mU4kAQAAMAAJ&q=1047+empress+Xiang"><i>Accumulating Culture: The Collections of Emperor Huizong</i></a>. 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To Which Are Added Chronological, Topographical, and Glossarial Indices; a Short Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Language and a New Map of England During the Heptarchy</i></a>. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saxonchroniclewi00ingr/page/217">217</a>. <q>1047 Æthelstan of Abingdon.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saxon+Chronicle%3A+With+an+English+Translation%2C+and+Notes%2C+Critical+and+Explanatory.+To+Which+Are+Added+Chronological%2C+Topographical%2C+and+Glossarial+Indices%3B+a+Short+Grammar+of+the+Anglo-Saxon+Language+and+a+New+Map+of+England+During+the+Heptarchy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+and+Brown&rft.date=1823&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaxonchroniclewi00ingr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter2007" class="citation journal cs1">Baxter, Stephen (2007-12-01). 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State College, PA: Editions Enlaplage. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781936466603" title="Special:BookSources/9781936466603"><bdi>9781936466603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canes+palatini%3A+Dynastic+Transplantation+and+the+Cult+of+St.+Simeon&rft.place=State+College%2C+PA&rft.series=Archive+for+Medieval+Prosopography&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Editions+Enlaplage&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781936466603&rft.aulast=Jackman&rft.aufirst=Donald+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUaOL6945mIC%26q%3D1047%2BPoppo%2BTrier%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGertz2010" class="citation book cs1">Gertz, S. 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New York: Springer. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230106536" title="Special:BookSources/9780230106536"><bdi>9780230106536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visual+Power+and+Fame+in+Ren%C3%A9+d%27Anjou%2C+Geoffrey+Chaucer%2C+and+the+Black+Prince&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780230106536&rft.aulast=Gertz&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKU_JAAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BPoppo%2BTrier%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2012" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Ann (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6912MfOGqUC&q=1047+%C3%86lfwine+of+Winchester&pg=PA249">"The Piety of Earl Godwine"</a>. 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Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812235081" title="Special:BookSources/9780812235081"><bdi>9780812235081</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Salian+Century%3A+Main+Currents+in+an+Age+of+Transition&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780812235081&rft.aulast=Weinfurter&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DChuTjtrf9xIC%26q%3D1047%2BOtto%2BII%2BSwabia%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Stälin1841" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">von Stälin, Christoph Friedrich (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qZVbAAAAcAAJ&q=1047+Otto+II+Swabia&pg=PA489"><i>Württembergische Geschichte: Schwaben und Südfranken von der Urzeit bis 1080</i></a> (in German). 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Peace Espoused and Repudiated"</a>. <i>The Sleep of Behemoth: Disputing Peace and Violence in Medieval Europe, 1000–1200</i>. 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Woodbridge, England: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843839071" title="Special:BookSources/9781843839071"><bdi>9781843839071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Liturgical+Vestment+of+Castel+Sant%27Elia%3A+Their+Historical+Significance+and+Current+Condition&rft.btitle=Medieval+Clothing+and+Textiles&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+England&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781843839071&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Maureen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dss_CAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BPope%2BClement%2BII%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2006" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, S. J. G. Ronald (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gx4MkhwFhf8C&q=1047+Pope+Clement+II&pg=PA4"><i>Gemstone of Paradise: The Holy Grail in Wolfram's Parzival</i></a>. Oxford and New Yorj: Oxford University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198041832" title="Special:BookSources/9780198041832"><bdi>9780198041832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gemstone+of+Paradise%3A+The+Holy+Grail+in+Wolfram%27s+Parzival&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+Yorj&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780198041832&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=S.+J.+G.+Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgx4MkhwFhf8C%26q%3D1047%2BPope%2BClement%2BII%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumke1991" class="citation book cs1">Bumke, Joachim (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Bmpw8LIwMUgC"><i>Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages</i></a>. Berkeley, Los Angeles and Oxford: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Bmpw8LIwMUgC/page/n292">286</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520066342" title="Special:BookSources/9780520066342"><bdi>9780520066342</bdi></a>. <q>1047 Henry VII Bavaria.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Courtly+Culture%3A+Literature+and+Society+in+the+High+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Los+Angeles+and+Oxford&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780520066342&rft.aulast=Bumke&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_Bmpw8LIwMUgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritz_Rudolf_Künker_GmbH_&_Co_KG2008" class="citation book cs1">Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co KG (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O5xn6T-TZIcC&q=1047+Henry+VII+Bavaria&pg=PA323"><i>Künker Auktion 130 - The De Wit Collection of Medieval Coins, 1000 Years of European Coinage, Part II: Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Silesia, Poland, Baltic States, Russia and the golden Horde</i></a>. Osnabrück, Germany: Numismatischer Verlag Künker. p. 323.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%BCnker+Auktion+130+-+The+De+Wit+Collection+of+Medieval+Coins%2C+1000+Years+of+European+Coinage%2C+Part+II%3A+Germany%2C+Switzerland%2C+Austria%2C+Bohemia%2C+Moravia%2C+Hungary%2C+Silesia%2C+Poland%2C+Baltic+States%2C+Russia+and+the+golden+Horde&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C+Germany&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Numismatischer+Verlag+K%C3%BCnker&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Fritz+Rudolf+K%C3%BCnker+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO5xn6T-TZIcC%26q%3D1047%2BHenry%2BVII%2BBavaria%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSprague2007" class="citation book cs1">Sprague, Martina (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/norsewarfareunco0000spra"><i>Norse Warfare: The Unconventional Battle Strategies of the Ancient Vikings</i></a></span>. New York: Hippocrene Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/norsewarfareunco0000spra/page/40">40</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780781811767" title="Special:BookSources/9780781811767"><bdi>9780781811767</bdi></a>. <q>1047 Magnus I Norway.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norse+Warfare%3A+The+Unconventional+Battle+Strategies+of+the+Ancient+Vikings&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780781811767&rft.aulast=Sprague&rft.aufirst=Martina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorsewarfareunco0000spra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrfield2002" class="citation book cs1">Orfield, Lester B. (2002). Boyer, Benjamin F. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=133bkwvienYC&q=1047+Magnus+I+Norway&pg=PA133"><i>The Growth of Scandinavian Law</i></a>. Union, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584771807" title="Special:BookSources/9781584771807"><bdi>9781584771807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Scandinavian+Law&rft.place=Union%2C+NJ&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=The+Lawbook+Exchange%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781584771807&rft.aulast=Orfield&rft.aufirst=Lester+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D133bkwvienYC%26q%3D1047%2BMagnus%2BI%2BNorway%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunham1839" class="citation book cs1">Dunham, Samuel Astley (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofdenmark02dunhuoft"><i>History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway</i></a>. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans and John Taylor. pp. xxvii. <q>1047 Magnus I Norway.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Denmark%2C+Sweden%2C+and+Norway&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xxvii&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green+%26+Longmans+and+John+Taylor&rft.date=1839&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Astley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofdenmark02dunhuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewett1848" class="citation book cs1">Hewett, John William (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b-QGAAAAQAAJ&q=1047+Grimketel&pg=PA7"><i>A Brief History and Description of the Conventual and Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Ely</i></a>. Cambridge, London and Oxford: E. Meadows. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+and+Description+of+the+Conventual+and+Cathedral+Church+of+the+Holy+Trinity%2C+Ely&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+London+and+Oxford&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=E.+Meadows&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Hewett&rft.aufirst=John+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db-QGAAAAQAAJ%26q%3D1047%2BGrimketel%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeynes2013" class="citation book cs1">Keynes, Simon (2013). "Regnal lists". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). <i>Appendix II: Archbishops and Bishops, 597–1066</i>. 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(1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1431742">"The Office of Sheriff in the Anglo-Saxon Period"</a>. <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>31</b> (121): 20–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXXI.CXXI.20">10.1093/ehr/XXXI.CXXI.20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-8266">0013-8266</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/550697">550697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Office+of+Sheriff+in+the+Anglo-Saxon+Period&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=121&rft.pages=20-40&rft.date=1916&rft.issn=0013-8266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F550697%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXXI.CXXI.20&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1431742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevite-Orton2018" class="citation book cs1">Previte-Orton, Charles William (2018) [1912]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a383AAAAIAAJ&q=1047+Humbert+Savoy&pg=PA66"><i>The Early History of the House of Savoy</i></a>. Cambridge, ENglann: Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+the+House+of+Savoy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+ENglann&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+Archive&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Previte-Orton&rft.aufirst=Charles+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da383AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D1047%2BHumbert%2BSavoy%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterickFouracreReuterLuscombe1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">McKitterick, Rosamond; Fouracre, Paul; Reuter, Timothy; Luscombe, David Edward; Abulafia, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan; Allmand, C. T.; Jones, Michael (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUl53tLtFukC&q=1047+Levente+Hungary&pg=PA309">"Hungary in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries by Nora Berend"</a>. <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Vol. IV - c. 1024 - c. 1198. Cambridge, England and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521414111" title="Special:BookSources/9780521414111"><bdi>9780521414111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hungary+in+the+Eleventh+and+Twelfth+Centuries+by+Nora+Berend&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England+and+New+York&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780521414111&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rft.au=Fouracre%2C+Paul&rft.au=Reuter%2C+Timothy&rft.au=Luscombe%2C+David+Edward&rft.au=Abulafia%2C+David&rft.au=Riley-Smith%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Allmand%2C+C.+T.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUl53tLtFukC%26q%3D1047%2BLevente%2BHungary%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPleszczynskiSobiesiakTomaszekTyszka2018" class="citation book cs1">Pleszczynski, Andrzej; Sobiesiak, Joanna Aleksandra; Tomaszek, Michał; Tyszka, Przemysław, eds. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_GZjDwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Miec%C5%82aw&pg=PA32"><i>Imagined Communities: Constructing Collective Identities in Medieval Europe</i></a>. Explorations in Medieval Culture. Vol. 8. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004363793" title="Special:BookSources/9789004363793"><bdi>9789004363793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagined+Communities%3A+Constructing+Collective+Identities+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.series=Explorations+in+Medieval+Culture&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9789004363793&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_GZjDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BMiec%25C5%2582aw%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2019" class="citation book cs1">Curta, Florin (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-sqiDwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Miec%C5%82aw&pg=PA355"><i>Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300)</i></a>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 355. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004395190" title="Special:BookSources/9789004395190"><bdi>9789004395190</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages+%28500-1300%29&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=355&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789004395190&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-sqiDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BMiec%25C5%2582aw%26pg%3DPA355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalewski2018" class="citation journal cs1">Dalewski, Zbigniew (2018-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004363793/B9789004363793_004.xml">"3 Strategies of Creating Dynastic Identity in Central Europe in the 10th-11th Centuries"</a>. <i>Imagined Communities: Constructing Collective Identities in Medieval Europe</i>: 30–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004363793_004">10.1163/9789004363793_004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004363793" title="Special:BookSources/9789004363793"><bdi>9789004363793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Imagined+Communities%3A+Constructing+Collective+Identities+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.atitle=3+Strategies+of+Creating+Dynastic+Identity+in+Central+Europe+in+the+10th-11th+Centuries&rft.pages=30-45&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004363793_004&rft.isbn=9789004363793&rft.aulast=Dalewski&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004363793%2FB9789004363793_004.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalziel2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Dalziel, Nigel R. 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Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198737193" title="Special:BookSources/9780198737193"><bdi>9780198737193</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabic-Islamic+Views+of+the+Latin+West%3A+Tracing+the+Emergence+of+Medieval+Europe&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780198737193&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6nig&rft.aufirst=Daniel+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWqiSCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BRodulfus%2BGlaber%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoynes2006" class="citation book cs1">Joynes, Andrew (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_iFSkGix0-IC&q=1047+Rodulfus+Glaber&pg=PA21"><i>Medieval Ghost Stories: An Anthology of Miracles, Marvels and Prodigies</i></a>. Woodbridge, England: Boydell & Brewer. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843832690" title="Special:BookSources/9781843832690"><bdi>9781843832690</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Ghost+Stories%3A+An+Anthology+of+Miracles%2C+Marvels+and+Prodigies&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+England&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781843832690&rft.aulast=Joynes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_iFSkGix0-IC%26q%3D1047%2BRodulfus%2BGlaber%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance2006" class="citation book cs1">France, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYn9hbUQgSsC&q=1047+Rodulfus+Glaber&pg=PA3"><i>The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000-1714</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134196180" title="Special:BookSources/9781134196180"><bdi>9781134196180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades+and+the+Expansion+of+Catholic+Christendom%2C+1000-1714&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781134196180&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYn9hbUQgSsC%26q%3D1047%2BRodulfus%2BGlaber%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalgrave1919" class="citation book cs1">Palgrave, Inglis (1919). 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Caen, France: Publications du CRAHM. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782902685448" title="Special:BookSources/9782902685448"><bdi>9782902685448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normannia+monastica%3A+Prosopographie+des+abb%C3%A9s+b%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictins+%28Xe-XIIe+si%C3%A8cle%29&rft.place=Caen%2C+France&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Publications+du+CRAHM&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782902685448&rft.aulast=Gazeau&rft.aufirst=V%C3%A9ronique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6aQpP6VBFJkC%26q%3D1047%2BGerard%2BFlaitel%26pg%3DPA336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotts1997" class="citation book cs1">Potts, Cassandra (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/b2ooks?id=V7OQtJRN9IsC&q=1047+Gerard+Flaitel&pg=PA73"><i>Monastic Revival and Regional Identity in Early Normandy</i></a>. 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Woodbridge, England: Boydell & Brewer. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851157023" title="Special:BookSources/9780851157023"><bdi>9780851157023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monastic+Revival+and+Regional+Identity+in+Early+Normandy&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+England&rft.series=Studies+in+the+History+of+Medieval+Religion&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780851157023&rft.aulast=Potts&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fb2ooks%3Fid%3DV7OQtJRN9IsC%26q%3D1047%2BGerard%2BFlaitel%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1957" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas, David (1957). "I. The Norman Episcopate before the Norman Conquest". <i>Cambridge Historical Journal</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 101–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1474691300000159">10.1017/S1474691300000159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2051-9818">2051-9818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=I.+The+Norman+Episcopate+before+the+Norman+Conquest&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=101-115&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1474691300000159&rft.issn=2051-9818&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1992" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer, Marc A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXWvAwAAQBAJ&q=1047+Godgifu&pg=PA116">"Women's Estates in Later Anglo-Saxon England: The Politics of Possession"</a>. <i>Haskins Society Journal Studies in Medieval History</i>. <b>3</b>. London and Rio Grande, OH: The Hambledon Press: 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826444462" title="Special:BookSources/9780826444462"><bdi>9780826444462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haskins+Society+Journal+Studies+in+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Estates+in+Later+Anglo-Saxon+England%3A+The+Politics+of+Possession&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=116&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780826444462&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Marc+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmXWvAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1047%2BGodgifu%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1040s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1040s&oldid=1211466711">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1040s&oldid=1211466711</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1040s" title="Category:1040s">1040s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 March 2024, at 18:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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