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1);}}.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-x47adi-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#F6F6F6;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;outline:0.0625rem solid transparent;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:active,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus{background:#E6E8EA;color:#000000;}}.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(1){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(2){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 40.875rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{padding-right:1.25rem;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 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#FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD,0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1hfawy1-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}.ssrcss-12njlvq-ProductNavigationContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;position:relative;}.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1666666666666667;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;}}.ssrcss-12x0ma7-ContentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-kpltdl-LogoWrapper{margin:0.25rem 0;}.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:auto;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{width:100%;}}.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{display:block;padding:calc(0.75rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.625rem;fill:currentcolor;max-width:10rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(0.875rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.75rem;max-width:15.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(1rem - 0.25rem) 0;max-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-as2ggt-Navigation{border-top:0.0625rem solid #DB7F7F;}}html.no-js .ssrcss-wlpshj-MainNavBarContainer{border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 .eis6szr1{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:0.0625rem;border-right-color:#DB7F7F;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{position:absolute;right:0.5rem;top:0.25rem;background-color:transparent;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{top:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591{border:0.0625rem solid;border-color:#DB7F7F;}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:hover,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:focus,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:active{color:#141414;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-color:transparent;}.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#B80000;border:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.75rem;}}}.ssrcss-1m4972l-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:block;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{margin-left:-0.5rem;margin-right:-0.5rem;padding:0.5rem 0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{background-color:transparent;display:block;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{overflow-x:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-ms-overflow-style:-ms-autohiding-scrollbar;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}}.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;left:-0.5rem;}@media (pointer: 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class="ssrcss-1l0d712-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="300" class="ssrcss-q03fby-ContainerWithSidebarWrapper e1jl38b40"><div class="ssrcss-1ki8hfp-StyledZone e1mcntqj3"><main id="main-content" data-testid="main-content"><article class="ssrcss-15tkd6i-ArticleWrapper e1nh2i2l3"><header data-component="headline-block" class="ssrcss-bwbna7-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headline" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Does cutting benefits work?</span></h1></header><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 240w, 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The BBC Verify logo is in the top corner." src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0f93/live/07b324a0-00ca-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1hbb5i-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e19uhciu17"><div class="ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer e19uhciu16"><div class="ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails e19uhciu13"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e19uhciu6">Ben Chu</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e19uhciu10">BBC Verify</div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e19uhciu15"></div></div><div data-component="metadata-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo2"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2025-03-14T18:36:23.566Z">5 hours ago</time></span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall is set to unveil details of how the government plans to cut billions of pounds from the working-age welfare bill. </b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The focus will be on <a href="/news/articles/cwygx918vneo" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">reducing spending on health-related and disability benefits</a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">That bill is rising rapidly and many argue it needs to be curbed for the sake of the UK's public finances – as well as the economic and individual benefits of getting people back into work.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But this is not the first government to seek savings from the welfare budget, and to try to encourage more people into employment.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And charities are warning about the adverse impact on vulnerable recipients.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">There are three broad approaches which the government is believed to be examining:</p><div class="ssrcss-1le81vw-ListContainer e5tfeyi0"><ul role="list"><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Cutting the level of benefit payments</p></li><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Tightening the eligibility for benefits</p></li><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Attempting to get people off benefits and into work</p></li></ul></div><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">BBC Verify has examined the past 15 years of policies in this area to see what might be effective – and what risks being counterproductive.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Cutting-payments" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Cutting payments</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The working-age health and disability benefits bill has certainly been increasing in recent years, and is rising rapidly.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the official forecaster, has projected that total state spending on these benefits for people in the UK aged between 18 and 64 will <a href="/news/articles/crewng29zgno" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">increase from £48.5bn in 2023-24 to £75.7bn in 2029-30</a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">That would represent an increase from 1.7% of the size of the UK economy to 2.2%.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-buqv65-ComponentWrapper-FlourishWrapper eockrme0"><div id="21941674"><div data-component="include-html"><iframe src="https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/21941674/embed?auto=1" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" height="575" width="700" style="width:100%;" title="Interactive or visual content"></iframe></div></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">By 2030, around half of the expenditure is projected to be on incapacity benefit, which is designed to provide additional income for people whose health limits their ability to work.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The other half is projected to be on Personal Independence Payments (PIP), which are intended to help people of working age with disabilities manage the additional day-to-day costs arising from their disability.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">One straightforward way for ministers to curb this projected rise would be to hold payments flat in cash terms, rather than allowing them to rise in line with prices each year.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"Reducing award amounts is the easiest way to get savings in the short term," says Eduin Latimer of the Institute for Fiscal Studies.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Freezing incapacity benefits in cash terms until 2030 would save £1bn a year, <a href="https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/delivering-the-undeliverable/" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">according to the Resolution Foundation<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But you can only receive incapacity benefit if your income and savings are below a certain level, so freezing payments would impact people who are worse off.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Also, people on disability benefits such as PIP are <a href="https://ifs.org.uk/publications/living-standards-working-age-disability-benefits-recipients-uk" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">considerably more likely to be in poverty and material deprivation<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Under previous governments between 2014 and 2020, most working-age benefits did not rise in line with inflation - to save money.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And from 2015, more and more people claimed incapacity benefit.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">So cutting the value of individual payments might save some money up front, but still not have a dramatic impact on the overall bill in the longer term if claimants continue to rise.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A bar chart showing the net change in the number of people claiming incapacity benefits in Great Britain between 2009-10 and 2023-24. The number of people claiming incapacity benefits has increased in each of the last six financial years, with the largest rises seen in the last two years (200,000 in 2022-23 and 186,000 in 2023-24). The number previously fell in six out of nine years between 2009-10 and 2017-18." loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png 976w" width="1920" height="1920" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Tighten-eligibility" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Tighten eligibility</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Rather than cutting the value of these benefits for all recipients, the government could seek to save money by making it harder for people to claim them in the first place.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">For instance, the previous government had proposed making it <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/disability-benefits-system-to-be-reviewed-as-pm-outlines-moral-mission-to-reform-welfare" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">harder for people with mental health conditions to claim PIP<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a>, arguing that the monthly payment was not proportionate to the additional financial needs created by their conditions.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But it is important to note that efforts to change the eligibility criteria for these benefits over the past 15 years have not yielded the results hoped for.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">PIP was introduced in 2013 to replace the old Disability Living Allowance, with the intention it would lead to savings of £1.4bn a year relative to the previous system by reducing the number of people eligible.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">PIP was initially projected to reduce the number of claimants by 606,000 (28%) in total.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Yet the reform ended up <a href="https://obr.uk/docs/dlm_uploads/Welfare_trends_report_2019.pdf" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">saving only £100m a year by 2015<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a> and the number of claimants rose by 100,000 (5%).</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another attempt in 2017 to limit access to PIP was also reversed.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The reason was that many people appealed against refusals that had been triggered by the tightened eligibility criteria. Also, the emergence of cases in the media which seemed unfair meant ministers, often under pressure from their own backbench MPs, ultimately ordered the eligibility rules to be relaxed.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-buqv65-ComponentWrapper-FlourishWrapper eockrme0"><div id="22093180"><div data-component="include-html"><iframe src="https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/22093180/embed?auto=1" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" height="575" width="700" style="width:100%;" title="Interactive or visual content"></iframe></div></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Official decisions not to award PIP and incapacity benefit to claimants are still often challenged and around <a href="https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/delivering-the-undeliverable/" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">a third of those challenges are ultimately upheld at an independent tribunal<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"Britain's chequered history of benefit reform shows that the government should proceed cautiously, rather than rush ahead to find savings which could backfire," says Louise Murphy of the Resolution Foundation.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Encourage-work" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Encourage work</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another way for the government to try to achieve savings is by encouraging more people to come off these benefits and enter work.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href=" https://ifs.org.uk/articles/three-challenges-getting-people-incapacity-benefits-work" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Around 93% of incapacity benefit claimants are not in work<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a> and the same is true of 80% of PIP claimants.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">One potential route to increase employment rates could be regular reassessments of people in receipt of incapacity benefit and a requirement for them to start looking for jobs if they are found to be fit for work.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The fall in the number of people claiming incapacity benefit in the early 2010s <a href="https://obr.uk/docs/dlm_uploads/Welfare-trends-report-October-2024.pdf" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">has been attributed by the OBR<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a> to reassessments of a large number of people in receipt of an older form of the benefit.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">However, an aggressive or onerous reassessment regime could risk imposing distress on people who are unable to work and could also create unexpected distortions in the system.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="https://obr.uk/docs/dlm_uploads/Fiscal_risks_and_sustainability_report_July_2023.pdf" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">The OBR has suggested<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a> the sanctions introduced to the wider benefits system by the last government, requiring people judged fit to work to be actively looking for employment or risk losing their benefits, had the counterproductive effect of increasing the incentive for people to try to claim incapacity benefits (for which these work-searching requirements did not apply).</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Another potential policy avenue to boost employment rates is through providing much greater support to find jobs.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Some advocate increasing government investment in official schemes, working with employers, to help people to enter the workplace.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">There have been various schemes designed to achieve this over the past 15 years, though they have not been on a large scale.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Evaluations have shown some positive employment effects from them.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">However, the <a href="https://obr.uk/docs/dlm_uploads/Welfare-trends-report-October-2024.pdf" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">OBR concluded last year<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, external</span></a> that the evidence base was still limited and did not suggest such programmes have, so far, made a "significant contribution" to getting people into work.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">That implies the official forecaster may hesitate to assume greater state investment in these schemes will pay for itself through higher employment and tax revenues, and result in net savings in public expenditure.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Nevertheless, some experts argue it would make sense for the government to re-assess more regularly whether people in receipt of health and disability benefits are still unable to work and - if their circumstances are found to have changed - to provide them with additional support to get into the workforce.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"Not doing reassessments and work-focused interviews definitely makes things worse," says Jonathan Portes, a former chief economist at the Department for Work & Pensions.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-vcsx3p-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="BBC Verify logo" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/825d/live/9ded4480-32fa-11ef-bdc5-41d7421c2adf.png 976w" width="1920" height="316" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div 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Verify\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"metadata\",\"model\":{\"firstPublishedDateTime\":\"2025-03-14T18:36:23.566Z\",\"firstPublishedRelativeTimestamp\":\"5 hours ago\",\"showCommentsLink\":false}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall is set to unveil details of how the government plans to cut billions of pounds from the working-age welfare bill. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall is set to unveil details of how the government plans to cut billions of pounds from the working-age welfare bill. \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The focus will be on reducing spending on health-related and disability benefits.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The focus will be on \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"reducing spending on health-related and disability benefits\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"reducing spending on health-related and disability benefits\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/cwygx918vneo\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"That bill is rising rapidly and many argue it needs to be curbed for the sake of the UK's public finances – as well as the economic and individual benefits of getting people back into work.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"That bill is rising rapidly and many argue it needs to be curbed for the sake of the UK's public finances – as well as the economic and individual benefits of getting people back into work.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But this is not the first government to seek savings from the welfare budget, and to try to encourage more people into employment.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But this is not the first government to seek savings from the welfare budget, and to try to encourage more people into employment.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And charities are warning about the adverse impact on vulnerable recipients.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And charities are warning about the adverse impact on vulnerable recipients.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There are three broad approaches which the government is believed to be examining:\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There are three broad approaches which the government is believed to be examining:\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"unorderedList\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cutting the level of benefit payments\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cutting the level of benefit payments\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tightening the eligibility for benefits\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tightening the eligibility for benefits\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Attempting to get people off benefits and into work\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Attempting to get people off benefits and into work\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Verify has examined the past 15 years of policies in this area to see what might be effective – and what risks being counterproductive.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Verify has examined the past 15 years of policies in this area to see what might be effective – and what risks being counterproductive.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cutting payments\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cutting payments\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Cutting-payments\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The working-age health and disability benefits bill has certainly been increasing in recent years, and is rising rapidly.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The working-age health and disability benefits bill has certainly been increasing in recent years, and is rising rapidly.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the official forecaster, has projected that total state spending on these benefits for people in the UK aged between 18 and 64 will increase from £48.5bn in 2023-24 to £75.7bn in 2029-30.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the official forecaster, has projected that total state spending on these benefits for people in the UK aged between 18 and 64 will \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"increase from £48.5bn in 2023-24 to £75.7bn in 2029-30\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"increase from £48.5bn in 2023-24 to £75.7bn in 2029-30\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/crewng29zgno\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"That would represent an increase from 1.7% of the size of the UK economy to 2.2%.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"That would represent an increase from 1.7% of the size of the UK economy to 2.2%.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"flourish\",\"model\":{\"id\":\"21941674\",\"html\":\"\\u003ciframe src=\\\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/21941674/embed?auto=1\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" scrolling=\\\"no\\\" height=\\\"575\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" style=\\\"width:100%;\\\" title=\\\"Interactive or visual content\\\">\\u003c/iframe>\",\"maxWidth\":700}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By 2030, around half of the expenditure is projected to be on incapacity benefit, which is designed to provide additional income for people whose health limits their ability to work.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By 2030, around half of the expenditure is projected to be on incapacity benefit, which is designed to provide additional income for people whose health limits their ability to 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them to rise in line with prices each year.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Reducing award amounts is the easiest way to get savings in the short term,\\\" says Eduin Latimer of the Institute for Fiscal Studies.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Reducing award amounts is the easiest way to get savings in the short term,\\\" says Eduin Latimer of the Institute for Fiscal Studies.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Freezing incapacity benefits in cash terms until 2030 would save £1bn a year, according to the Resolution Foundation.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Freezing incapacity benefits in cash terms until 2030 would save £1bn a year, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"according to the Resolution Foundation\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"according to the Resolution 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The number of people claiming incapacity benefits has increased in each of the last six financial years, with the largest rises seen in the last two years (200,000 in 2022-23 and 186,000 in 2023-24). The number previously fell in six out of nine years between 2009-10 and 2017-18.\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":1920,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/e57f/live/499ae190-00d0-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 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for.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But it is important to note that efforts to change the eligibility criteria for these benefits over the past 15 years have not yielded the results hoped for.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"PIP was introduced in 2013 to replace the old Disability Living Allowance, with the intention it would lead to savings of £1.4bn a year relative to the previous system by reducing the number of people eligible.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"PIP was introduced in 2013 to replace the old Disability Living Allowance, with the intention it would lead to savings of £1.4bn a year relative to the previous system by reducing the number of people eligible.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"PIP was initially projected to reduce the number of claimants by 606,000 (28%) in total.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"PIP was initially projected to reduce the number of claimants by 606,000 (28%) in total.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yet the reform ended up saving only £100m a year by 2015 and the number of claimants rose by 100,000 (5%).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Yet the reform ended up \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"saving only £100m a year by 2015\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"saving only £100m a year by 2015\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"https://obr.uk/docs/dlm_uploads/Welfare_trends_report_2019.pdf\",\"isExternal\":true}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and the number of claimants rose by 100,000 (5%).\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another attempt in 2017 to limit access to PIP was also reversed.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Another attempt in 2017 to limit access to PIP was 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Also, the emergence of cases in the media which seemed unfair meant ministers, often under pressure from their own backbench MPs, ultimately ordered the eligibility rules to be relaxed.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The reason was that many people appealed against refusals that had been triggered by the tightened eligibility criteria. Also, the emergence of cases in the media which seemed unfair meant ministers, often under pressure from their own backbench MPs, ultimately ordered the eligibility rules to be relaxed.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"flourish\",\"model\":{\"id\":\"22093180\",\"html\":\"\\u003ciframe src=\\\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/22093180/embed?auto=1\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" scrolling=\\\"no\\\" height=\\\"575\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" style=\\\"width:100%;\\\" title=\\\"Interactive or visual content\\\">\\u003c/iframe>\",\"maxWidth\":700}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Official decisions not to award PIP and incapacity benefit to claimants are still often challenged and around a third of those challenges are ultimately upheld at an independent tribunal.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Official decisions not to award PIP and incapacity benefit to claimants are still often challenged and around \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a third of those challenges are ultimately upheld at an independent tribunal\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a third of those challenges are ultimately upheld at an independent tribunal\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/delivering-the-undeliverable/\",\"isExternal\":true}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Britain's chequered history of benefit reform shows that the government should proceed cautiously, rather than rush ahead to find savings which could backfire,\\\" says Louise Murphy of the Resolution Foundation.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Britain's chequered history of benefit reform shows that the government should proceed cautiously, rather than rush ahead to find savings which could 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in work and the same is true of 80% of PIP claimants.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Around 93% of incapacity benefit claimants are not in work\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Around 93% of incapacity benefit claimants are not in work\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\" https://ifs.org.uk/articles/three-challenges-getting-people-incapacity-benefits-work\",\"isExternal\":true}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and the same is true of 80% of PIP claimants.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One potential route to increase employment rates could be regular reassessments of people in receipt of incapacity benefit and a requirement for them to start looking for jobs if they are found to be fit for work.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One potential route to increase employment rates could be regular reassessments of people in receipt of incapacity benefit and a requirement for them to start looking for jobs if they are found to be fit for work.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The fall in the number of people claiming incapacity benefit in the early 2010s has been attributed by the OBR to reassessments of a large number of people in receipt of an older form of the benefit.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The fall in the number of people claiming incapacity benefit in the early 2010s \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"has been attributed by the OBR\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"has been attributed by the OBR\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"https://obr.uk/docs/dlm_uploads/Welfare-trends-report-October-2024.pdf\",\"isExternal\":true}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" to reassessments of a large number of people in receipt of an older form of the benefit.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, an aggressive or onerous reassessment regime could risk imposing distress on people who are unable to work and could also create unexpected distortions in the system.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, an aggressive or onerous reassessment regime could risk imposing distress on people who are unable to work and could also create unexpected distortions in the system.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The OBR has suggested the sanctions introduced to the wider benefits system by the last government, requiring people judged fit to work to be actively looking for employment or risk losing their benefits, had the counterproductive effect of increasing the incentive for people to try to claim incapacity benefits (for which these work-searching requirements did not apply).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The 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