{"title":"Microclimate Variations in Rio de Janeiro Related to Massive Public Transportation ","authors":"Marco E. O. Jardim, Frederico A. M. Souza, Valeria M. Bastos, Myrian C. A. Costa, Nelson F. F. Ebecken ","volume":150,"journal":"International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","pagesStart":325,"pagesEnd":329,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10010486","abstract":"<p>Urban public transportation in Rio de Janeiro is based on bus lines, powered by diesel, and four limited metro lines that support only some neighborhoods. This work presents an infrastructure built to better understand microclimate variations related to massive urban transportation in some specific areas of the city. The use of sensor nodes with small analytics capacity provides environmental information to population or public services. The analyses of data collected from a few small sensors positioned near some heavy traffic streets show the harmful impact due to poor bus route plan.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tR. Atkinson, S. Kang, H. Anderson H, I. Mills I, H. Walton, \u201cEpidemiological time series studies of PM2.5 and daily mortality and hospital admissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u201d, 2014 Jul;69(7):660-5. doi: 10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204492.\r\n[2]\tP. Rodrigues, S. Pinheiro, W. Junger, E. Ignotti, S. Hacon, \u201cClimatic variability and morbidity and mortality associated with particulate matter\u201d, Rev Saude Publica. 2017 Oct 5;51:91. doi: 10.11606\/S1518-8787.2017051006952.\r\n[3]\tJ. Son, N. Gouveia, M. Bravo, C. de Freitas, M. Bell, \u201cThe impact of temperature on mortality in a subtropical city: effects of cold, heat, and heat waves in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil\u201d, Int J Biometeorol. 2016 Jan;60(1):113-21. doi: 10.1007\/s00484-015-1009-7.\r\n[4]\tC. de Freitas, A. de Leon, W. Juger, N. Gouveia, \u201cAir pollution and its impacts on health in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil\u201d, Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50:4. doi: 10.1590\/S1518-8787.2016050005909.\r\n[5]\tA. Costa, G. Hoek, B. Brunekreef, A. de Leon, \u201cAir Pollution and Deaths among Elderly Residents of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: An Analysis of Mortality Displacement\u201d, Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Mar;125(3):349-354. doi: 10.1289\/EHP98.\r\n[6]\tL. Li, M. Tang, \u201cThe micro-climate environment of urban public transport platform in hot summer and cold winter region of China\u201d, Proc. 4th International Conference On Building Energy, Environment (COBEE2018), Feb, 2018, Australia, pp. 368-372, ISBN: 978-0-646-98213-7.\r\n[7]\tJ. Huang, P. Jones, R. Peng, X. Li, S. Hou, \u201cAn Integrated Model for Urban Microclimate and Building Energy in High-Density Cities for Early Stage Design\u201d, Proc. 15th IBPSA Conference, Aug. 7-9, 2017, USA, pp. 1204-1211, doi: 10.26868\/25222708.2017.313.\r\n[8]\tA. Swapan, \u201cHolistic Strategy for Urban Design: A Microclimatic Concern to Sustainability\u201d, Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, v.10, n.2, p.221-232, doi: 10.4090\/juee.2016.v10n2.221232.\r\n[9]\tDATASUS, http:\/\/www.datasus.gov.br, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[10]\tBigQuery, https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/bigquery\/, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[11]\tMongoDB, https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[12]\tNVIDIA Jetson TK1, http:\/\/www.nvidia.com\/object\/jetson-tk1-embedded-dev-kit.html\/, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[13]\tArray of Things, http:\/\/arrayofthings.github.io\/index.html\/, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[14]\tDataCanvas - Sense Your City, http:\/\/datacanvas.org\/sense-your-city\/, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[15]\tSwissnex, https:\/\/www.swissnexbrazil.org\/pt\/, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[16]\tM. Jardim, \u201cEstudo sobre o impacto do tra\u0301fego de o\u0302nibus no microclima de uma rua\u201d (Study over the impact of bus traffic on the microclimate of a street), Graduation Project, Computer Science Dept, Mathematics Institute, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2017 (In Portuguese).\r\n[17]\t\u201cMicroclimatic Changes Related to Bus Traffic\u201d, https:\/\/riobus.github.io\/pollution-study\/index.html, accessed in 05 Mar. 2018.\r\n[18]\t\u201cOzone - Its Formation and Impacts on People and Plants\u201d, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, available at https:\/\/webcam.srs.fs.fed.us\/pollutants\/ozone\/index.shtml\/, accessed in 05Mar.2018.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 150, 2019"}