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class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-title="চীনা সামাজিক বিজ্ঞান অ্যাকাডেমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Китайска академия за обществени науки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайска академия за обществени науки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Xinesa_de_Ci%C3%A8ncies_Socials" title="Acadèmia Xinesa de Ciències Socials – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia Xinesa de Ciències Socials" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Akademie_der_Sozialwissenschaften" title="Chinesische Akademie der Sozialwissenschaften – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Akademie der Sozialwissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_Sotsiaalteaduste_Akadeemia" title="Hiina Sotsiaalteaduste Akadeemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina Sotsiaalteaduste Akadeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_China_de_Ciencias_Sociales" title="Academia China de Ciencias Sociales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia China de Ciencias Sociales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_chinoise_des_sciences_sociales" title="Académie chinoise des sciences sociales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie chinoise des sciences sociales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9B%90" title="중국사회과학원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국사회과학원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademi_Ilmu_Sosial_Tiongkok" title="Akademi Ilmu Sosial Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akademi Ilmu Sosial Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国社会科学院 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国社会科学院" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kinesiske_akademi_for_samfunnsvitenskap" title="Det 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data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%A0" title="Академия общественных наук КНР – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Академия общественных наук КНР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinas_akademi_f%C3%B6r_samh%C3%A4llsvetenskaper" title="Kinas akademi för samhällsvetenskaper – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinas akademi för samhällsvetenskaper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Sosyal_Bilimler_Akademisi" title="Çin Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B2" title="چائنیز اکیڈمی آف سوشل سائنسز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چائنیز اکیڈمی آف سوشل سائنسز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&params=39.9078_N_116.4262_E_type:landmark_region:CN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°54′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°25′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.9078°N 116.4262°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.9078; 116.4262</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State research institute and think tank based in China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"CASS" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/CASS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="CASS (disambiguation)">CASS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-Hans"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国社会科学院</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg/220px-Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg/330px-Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg/440px-Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="148" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E4%BE%A7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">CASS headquarters</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CASS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">May 7, 1977<span class="noprint">; 47 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1977-05-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">South Middle Ring Road, Wangjing Area, <a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing">Chaoyang District</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></span>, <span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&params=39.9078_N_116.4262_E_type:landmark_region:CN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°54′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°25′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.9078°N 116.4262°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.9078; 116.4262</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Party Secretary</a> and President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xiang_(historian)" title="Gao Xiang (historian)">Gao Xiang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a> (15th Bureau)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Social_Sciences_Press" title="China Social Sciences Press">China Social Sciences Press</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cssn.cn">cssn<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073828#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">中国社会科学院</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">中國社會科學院</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó Shèhuì Kēxuéyuàn</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</b> (<b>CASS</b>) is a Chinese state research institute and <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>. It is a ministry-level institution under the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The predecessor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, established in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CASS was established in May 1977 based on splitting the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences from the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>, with the aim of promoting the development of philosophy and social sciences, under the instruction of <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Minami_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Minami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 86–87">: 86–87 </span></sup> The first president was <a href="/wiki/Hu_Qiaomu" title="Hu Qiaomu">Hu Qiaomu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Minami_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Minami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 87">: 87 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1979, CASS Vice President Huan Xiang led the first Chinese delegation of social scientists to travel to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:Minami_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Minami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 88">: 88 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xiang_(historian)" title="Gao Xiang (historian)">Gao Xiang</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary</a> and president of CASS.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> reported that a deputy director of CASS' Institute of Economics, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Hengpeng" title="Zhu Hengpeng">Hengpeng Zhu</a>, was detained and removed from his position after criticizing <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>'s management of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">national economy</a> in a private <a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CASS is a ministry-level institution under the State Council.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, CASS has over 3,200 resident scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (September 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> As of November 2020, the CASS has 6 university departments, 42 research institutes, 6 functional departments, 5 directly affiliated institutions, and 3 directly affiliated companies.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of its functional departments, five are focused on research.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CASS houses the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_School_of_Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a>, which later became the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milestones_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milestones-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (January 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Institute of Taiwan Studies at CASS is under the control of the Fifteenth Bureau of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ITS has been headed by Zhu Weidong since 2023 after its previous head, Yang Mingjie, left to lead the <a href="/wiki/China_Institutes_of_Contemporary_International_Relations" title="China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations">China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dictionary Editing Office of the Institute of Linguistics edits <i><a href="/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/China_Social_Sciences_Press" title="China Social Sciences Press">China Social Sciences Press</a> was established in June 1978 under the auspices of the CASS,<sup id="cite_ref-Gao_Guogan_1985_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gao_Guogan_1985-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has published over 8,000 books since its inception.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every quarter, CASS hosts a high-level seminar to which it invites officials from other developing countries to discuss topics including governance in China, poverty alleviation, and socio-economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-:05_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:05-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Chen Daoyin, a former professor at the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" title="Shanghai University of Political Science and Law">Shanghai University of Political Science and Law</a>, CASS "is not so much an academic institution but a body to formulate <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">party ideology</a> to support the leadership."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CASS employees periodically submit observations of colleagues' behavior to inspection teams, especially of colleagues who criticize the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> in private.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_presidents">List of presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English name </th> <th>Chinese name </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hu_Qiaomu" title="Hu Qiaomu">Hu Qiaomu</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">胡乔木</span></span> </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma_Hong" title="Ma Hong">Ma Hong</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">马洪</span></span> </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hu Qiaomu </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">胡乔木</span></span> </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hu_Sheng" title="Hu Sheng">Hu Sheng</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">胡绳</span></span> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Li_Tieying" title="Li Tieying">Li Tieying</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">李铁映</span></span> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chen_Kuiyuan" title="Chen Kuiyuan">Chen Kuiyuan</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">陈奎元</span></span> </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wang_Weiguang" title="Wang Weiguang">Wang Weiguang</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">王伟光</span></span> </td> <td>April 2013 </td> <td>March 2018 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fuzhan" title="Xie Fuzhan">Xie Fuzhan</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">谢伏瞻</span></span> </td> <td>March 2018 </td> <td>May 2022 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">石泰峰</span></span> </td> <td>May 2022 </td> <td>December 2022 </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xiang_(historian)" title="Gao Xiang (historian)">Gao Xiang</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">高翔</span></span> </td> <td>December 2022 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_School_of_Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences">Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007052013/http://alumni.cas.cn/kyws/201412/t20141202_4266421.html">"哲学社会科学部独立始末----中国科学院院友服务网"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.cas.cn/kyws/201412/t20141202_4266421.html">the original</a> on 2023-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%83%A8%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%A7%8B%E6%9C%AB----%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%8B%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.cas.cn%2Fkyws%2F201412%2Ft20141202_4266421.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Minami-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Minami_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Minami_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Minami_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinami2024" class="citation book cs1">Minami, Kazushi (2024). <i>People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War</i>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003157434">10.4324/9781003157434</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-15743-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-15743-4"><bdi>978-1-003-15743-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1273727799">1273727799</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245973725">245973725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Election+Interference+in+Taiwan&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1273727799&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245973725%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003157434&rft.isbn=978-1-003-15743-4&rft.aulast=Barss&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiao2023" class="citation web cs1">Hsiao, Russell (2023-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/08/personnel-changes-at-the-prcs-organs-for-taiwan-intelligence-analysis/">"Personnel Changes at the PRC's Organs for Taiwan Intelligence Analysis"</a>. <i>Global Taiwan Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103232809/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/08/personnel-changes-at-the-prcs-organs-for-taiwan-intelligence-analysis/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Taiwan+Institute&rft.atitle=Personnel+Changes+at+the+PRC%27s+Organs+for+Taiwan+Intelligence+Analysis&rft.date=2023-08-23&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaltaiwan.org%2F2023%2F08%2Fpersonnel-changes-at-the-prcs-organs-for-taiwan-intelligence-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室, ed. (1 September 2016). <bdi lang="zh">现代汉语词典(第七版)</bdi> [<i>A Dictionary of Current Chinese</i>] (Seventh ed.). Beijing: <a href="/wiki/The_Commercial_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Commercial Press">The Commercial Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-100-12450-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-100-12450-8"><bdi>978-7-100-12450-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%28%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%89%88%29&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=Seventh&rft.pub=The+Commercial+Press&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.isbn=978-7-100-12450-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gao_Guogan_1985-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gao_Guogan_1985_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGao_Guogan1985" class="citation book cs1">Gao Guogan (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcPgAAAAMAAJ"><i>Directory of Chinese Newspapers and Publications</i></a>. Modern Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-97819-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-97819-5"><bdi>978-0-582-97819-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directory+of+Chinese+Newspapers+and+Publications&rft.pub=Modern+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-582-97819-5&rft.au=Gao+Guogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDcPgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF潘衍习_[Pan_Yanxi]2008" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script">潘衍习 [Pan Yanxi] (2008-11-17), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170211/http://book.people.com.cn/GB/69360/8348295.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国社科出版社三十年硕果累累</bdi></a> [China Social Sciences Press' accumulated achievements of thirty years], <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.people.com.cn/GB/69360/8348295.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%A1%95%E6%9E%9C%E7%B4%AF%E7%B4%AF&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft.au=%E6%BD%98%E8%A1%8D%E4%B9%A0+%5BPan+Yanxi%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbook.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F69360%2F8348295.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:05-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:05_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeng2024" class="citation book cs1">Meng, Wenting (2024). <i>Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding</i>. Ibidem. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783838219073" title="Special:BookSources/9783838219073"><bdi>9783838219073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Developmental+Peace%3A+Theorizing+China%27s+Approach+to+International+Peacebuilding&rft.series=Ibidem&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9783838219073&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Wenting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/china/2024/09/26/xi-jinping-wants-to-stifle-thinking-at-a-top-chinese-think-tank">"Xi Jinping wants to stifle thinking at a top Chinese think-tank"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. September 26, 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240927005404/https://www.economist.com/china/2024/09/26/xi-jinping-wants-to-stifle-thinking-at-a-top-chinese-think-tank">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Xi+Jinping+wants+to+stifle+thinking+at+a+top+Chinese+think-tank&rft.date=2024-09-26&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2F2024%2F09%2F26%2Fxi-jinping-wants-to-stifle-thinking-at-a-top-chinese-think-tank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_China" title="History of education in China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">Imperial examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)" title="Mandarin (bureaucrat)">Mandarin (bureaucrat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar-official" title="Scholar-official">Scholar-bureaucrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixue" title="Taixue">Taixue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academies_of_Classical_Learning" title="Academies of Classical Learning">Academies of Classical Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_educators" title="Category:Chinese educators">Chinese educators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars" title="Burning of books and burying of scholars">Burning of books and burying of scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guozijian" title="Guozijian">Guozijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Guozijian" title="Beijing Guozijian">Beijing Guozijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Schools_of_Thought" title="Hundred Schools of Thought">Hundred Schools of Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_mainland_China" title="Scouting and Guiding in mainland China">Scouting in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_divide_in_China" title="Digital divide in China">Digital divide in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_Cup_Competition_of_Science_Achievement_in_China" title="Challenge Cup Competition of Science Achievement in China">Challenge Cup Competition of Science Achievement in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_reorganization_of_higher_education_in_China" title="1952 reorganization of higher education in China">1952 reorganization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_inequality_in_China" title="Education inequality in China">Education inequality in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_academy" title="National academy">Academies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Chinese Academy of Engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plan_111" title="Plan 111">Plan 111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hope" title="Project Hope">Project Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Talents_Plan" title="Thousand Talents Plan">Thousand Talents Plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(China)" title="Ministry of Education (China)">Ministry of Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Examinations_Authority" title="National Education Examinations Authority">National Education Examinations Authority</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Compulsory_education_law" title="Education in China">Basic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Primary_education" title="Education in China">Primary education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Secondary_education" title="Education in China">Secondary education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_schools_in_China" title="Boarding schools in China">Boarding schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_and_public_schools_in_China" title="Private and public schools in China">Private and public schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongkao" title="Zhongkao">Zhongkao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Vocational_and_technical_schools" title="Education in China">Vocational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Vocational_and_technical_schools" title="Education in China">Vocation education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">Higher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaokao" title="Gaokao">Gaokao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Key_Disciplines" title="National Key Disciplines">National Key Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_English_Test" title="College English Test">College English Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Key_Universities" title="National Key Universities">National Key Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_grading_in_China" title="Academic grading in China">Academic grading in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Key_Laboratories" title="State Key Laboratories">State Key Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUPAS" title="JUPAS">JUPAS</a> <ul><li><i>for <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Higher education in Hong Kong">HKSAR students</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_China" title="Academic ranks in China">Academic ranks in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Taught_Higher_Education_Examinations" title="Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations">Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_China" title="Libraries in China">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archives_in_China" title="Archives in China">Archives in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Book collecting in China">Book collecting in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_China" title="National Library of China">National Library of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Library" title="Shanghai Library">Shanghai Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medical_schools_in_China" title="Category:Medical schools in China">Medical schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_schools_in_Asia#China" title="List of business schools in Asia">Business schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_China" title="List of law schools in China">Law schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign-language_schools_in_China" title="List of foreign-language schools in China">Foreign-language schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_journalism_and_communication_in_China" title="List of schools of journalism and communication in China">Schools of Journalism and Communication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Int'l cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_East_Asian_Research_Universities" title="Association of East Asian Research Universities">Association of East Asian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Pacific_Rim_Universities" title="Association of Pacific Rim Universities">Association of Pacific Rim Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_U8_Consortium" title="Global U8 Consortium">Global U8 Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Research_Universities" title="International Alliance of Research Universities">International Alliance of Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universitas_21#East_Asia" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Worldwide Universities Network">Worldwide Universities Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subject areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_education_in_China" title="English education in China">English education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Shuiping_Kaoshi" title="Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi">Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putonghua_Proficiency_Test" title="Putonghua Proficiency Test">Putonghua Proficiency Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZHC" title="ZHC">Zhíyè Hànyŭ Nénglì Cèshì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Recruitment_Examination" title="Common Recruitment Examination">Common Recruitment Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Proficiency_Assessment_for_Teachers" title="Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers">Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_English_Test" title="College English Test">College English Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanguo_Waiyu_Shuiping_Kaoshi" title="Quanguo Waiyu Shuiping Kaoshi">Quanguo Waiyu Shuiping Kaoshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_English_Test_System" title="Public English Test System">Public English Test System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">Rankings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_China" title="List of universities and colleges in China">List of universities and colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_Chinese_Universities_Ranking" title="Best Chinese Universities Ranking">BCUR</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wu_Shulian_Chinese_university_rankings" title="Wu Shulian Chinese university rankings">Wu Shulian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CUAA_Chinese_university_ranking" title="CUAA Chinese university ranking">CUAA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netbig_Chinese_university_ranking" title="Netbig Chinese university ranking">Netbig</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">Rankings of universities in China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology in China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Types_of_universities_and_colleges_in_China" title="Types of universities and colleges in China">Types of universities and colleges in China</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_and_technology_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:S%26T_in_China" title="Template:S&T in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:S%26T_in_China" title="Template talk:S&T in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S%26T_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:S&T in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_and_technology_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_industry_in_China" title="Artificial intelligence industry in China"> Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China"> Aviation </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_industry_in_China" title="Biotechnology industry in China">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China"> Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_China" title="Cyberwarfare by China">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_in_China" title="Logic in China">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_China" title="Category:Mining in China">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_China" title="Nuclear power in China">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry_in_China" title="Software industry in China">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercomputing_in_China" title="Supercomputing in China">Supercomputing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions" title="List of Chinese inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_discoveries" title="List of Chinese discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">History of measurement systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_China" title="History of metallurgy in China">History of metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Ancient coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_China" title="Cartography of China">Cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_China" title="Naval history of China">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Military history of China before 1912">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_grading_in_China" title="Academic grading in China">Academic grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">Higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_China" title="Category:Research institutes in China">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_museums_in_China" title="Category:Science museums in China">Science museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_astronomers" title="Category:Chinese astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_biologists" title="Category:Chinese biologists">Biologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_chemists" title="Category:Chinese chemists">Chemists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_computer_programmers" title="Category:Chinese computer programmers">Computer programmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_computer_scientists" title="Category:Chinese computer scientists">Computer scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_earth_scientists" title="Category:Chinese earth scientists">Earth scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_engineers" title="Category:Chinese engineers">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_food_scientists" title="Category:Chinese food scientists">Food scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_inventors" title="Category:Chinese inventors">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_mathematicians" title="Category:Chinese mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Chinese Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_pharmacologists" title="Category:Chinese pharmacologists">Pharmacologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_physicians" title="Category:Chinese physicians">Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_physicists" title="Category:Chinese physicists">Physicists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_science_writers" title="Category:Chinese science writers">Science writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_social_scientists" title="Category:Chinese social scientists">Social scientists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/863_Program" title="863 Program">863 Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_China" title="Category:Research institutes in China">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Chinese Academy of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Science_Foundation_of_China" title="National Natural Science Foundation of China">National Natural Science Foundation of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="19px&#124;National_Emblem_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_State_Council_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:State Council of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:State Council of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State Council of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="19px&#124;National_Emblem_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_State_Council_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Emblem of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="National Emblem of the People's Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/19px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/29px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/38px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Incumbent (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Cabinet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government#Li's_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Executivemeeting" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive<br />meeting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Ministers in charge of ministries/commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">Auditor-General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(China)" title="Ministry of Education (China)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (China)">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Industry and Information Technology">Industry and Information Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission" title="National Ethnic Affairs Commission">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Public Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(China)" title="Ministry of Finance (China)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resources_and_Social_Security" title="Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security">Human Resources and Social Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_(China)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources (China)">Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology_and_Environment" title="Ministry of Ecology and Environment">Ecology and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(China)" title="Ministry of Transport (China)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources_(China)" title="Ministry of Water Resources (China)">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Emergency_Management" title="Ministry of Emergency Management">Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">Audit Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Special_Organization_directly_under_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Special</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission_of_the_State_Council" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council">State Assets</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Organizations_directly_under_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Affiliated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Taxation_Administration" title="State Taxation Administration">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Market_Regulation" title="State Administration for Market Regulation">Market Regulation</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-Monopoly_Bureau" title="State Anti-Monopoly Bureau">Anti-Monopoly</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Standardization_Administration_of_China" title="Standardization Administration of China">Standardization</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification_and_Accreditation_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Certification and Accreditation Administration (page does not exist)">Cert. & Accred.</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Financial_Regulatory_Administration" title="National Financial Regulatory Administration">Financial Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">Radio and TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Sport_of_China" title="General Administration of Sport of China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Complaints_and_Proposals_Administration" title="National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration">Complaints & Proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Intellectual_Property_Administration" title="China National Intellectual Property Administration">Intellectual Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Healthcare_Security_Administration" title="National Healthcare Security Administration">Healthcare Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counsellors%27_Office" title="Counsellors' Office">Counsellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_Offices_Administration" title="National Government Offices Administration">Government Offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Press_and_Publication_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Press and Publication Administration">Press and Publication</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">(☭ Publicity Dept.)</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Affairs_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Religious Affairs Administration">Religious</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">☭ United Front Dept.</a>)</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Administrative_Offices_of_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Offices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Research_Office" title="State Council Research Office">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macao_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office">Hong Kong and Macao</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macao_Work_Office" title="Hong Kong and Macao Work Office">☭ Leading Group</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">☭ United Front Dept.</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">☭ Leading Group</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">☭ Cyberspace</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">Information</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">☭ Publicity</a>)</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Institutions_directly_under_the_State_Council" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Research_Center_of_the_State_Council" title="Development Research Center of the State Council">Development Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">Meteorology</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Academies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Governance" title="National Academy of Governance">Governance</a> <small>(<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School" title="Central Party School">☭ Central Party School</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#State_Administrations_and_Bureaus_administrated_by_ministry-level_agencies" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Bureaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Food_and_Strategic_Reserves_Administration" title="National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration">Food and Strategic Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Energy Administration">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Data_Administration" title="National Data Administration">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defense" title="State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense">Defense Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Tobacco" title="China Tobacco">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Forestry_and_Grassland_Administration" title="National Forestry and Grassland Administration">Forestry and Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Administration" title="National Railway Administration">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Administration_of_China" title="Civil Aviation Administration of China">Civil Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Post_Bureau" title="State Post Bureau">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cultural_Heritage_Administration" title="National Cultural Heritage Administration">Cultural Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention">Disease Control</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mine_Safety_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Mine Safety Administration (page does not exist)">Mine Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_and_Rescue_Administration" title="National Fire and Rescue Administration">Fire & Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Exchange" title="State Administration of Foreign Exchange">Foreign Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medical_Products_Administration" title="National Medical Products Administration">Medical Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">State Secrets</a><sup>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Secrecy_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Secrecy Commission (page does not exist)">☭ Secrecy Comm.</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Administration_of_China" title="National Archives Administration of China">National Archives <small>(<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> ☭ Central Archives</small>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Civil_Service_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Civil Service Administration (page does not exist)">Civil Service</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">☭ Org. Dept.</a>)</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Cryptography_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Cryptography Administration (page does not exist)">Cryptography</a><sup>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Cryptography_Work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work (page does not exist)">☭ Leading Group</a>)</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> = <a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China">Central People's Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">constitutionally</a> since <a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="☭">☭</a> denotes <a href="/wiki/One_institution_with_two_names" title="One institution with two names">name reserved by Communist Party agencies</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministry_of_State_Security" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible auocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Template:Ministry of State Security (China)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Ministry of State Security (China) (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of State Security (China)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministry_of_State_Security" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MSS" class="mw-redirect" title="MSS">Ministry of State Security</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(MSS Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Yidongyuan" title="Yidongyuan">Yidongyuan</a>, Xiyuan, <a href="/wiki/Haidian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haidian District">Haidian District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Headquarters bureaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confidential_Communication_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confidential Communication Bureau (page does not exist)">Confidential Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Intelligence_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Intelligence Bureau (page does not exist)">International Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_and_Economic_Intelligence_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political and Economic Intelligence Bureau (page does not exist)">Political & Economic Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan,_Hong_Kong,_and_Macau_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau Bureau (page does not exist)">Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Report_Analysis_and_Dissemination_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Report Analysis and Dissemination Bureau (page does not exist)">Analysis and Dissemination</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operational_Guidance_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operational Guidance Bureau (page does not exist)">Operational Guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counterespionage_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counterespionage Bureau (page does not exist)">Counterespionage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counterespionage_Investigation_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counterespionage Investigation Bureau (page does not exist)">Counterespionage Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_Security_and_Anti-Reconnaissance_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internal Security and Anti-Reconnaissance Bureau (page does not exist)">Internal Security</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_Security_and_Anti-Reconnaissance_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="External Security and Anti-Reconnaissance Bureau (page does not exist)">External Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Institutes_of_Contemporary_International_Relations" title="China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations">CICIR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Investigation_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Investigation Bureau (page does not exist)">Social Investigation Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Culture_Exchange_Center" title="China International Culture Exchange Center">CICEC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Information_Technology_Security_Evaluation_Center" title="China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center">CNITSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_Reconnaissance_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical Reconnaissance Bureau (page does not exist)">Technical Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Institute of Taiwan Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaging_Intelligence_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imaging Intelligence Division (page does not exist)">Imaging Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enterprises_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enterprises Division (page does not exist)">Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Operations_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Operations Bureau (page does not exist)">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_espionage_in_California" title="Chinese espionage in California">California</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSS_Counterterrorism_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSS Counterterrorism Bureau (page does not exist)">Counterterrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal bureaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_State_Security_Bureau" title="Beijing State Security Bureau">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing_State_Security_Bureau_Detention_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing State Security Bureau Detention Centre (page does not exist)">Detention Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chongqing_State_Security_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chongqing State Security Bureau (page does not exist)">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_State_Security_Bureau" title="Shanghai State Security Bureau">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_State_Security_Bureau" title="Tianjin State Security Bureau">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anhui_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anhui State Security Department (page does not exist)">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujian_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujian State Security Department (page does not exist)">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansu_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansu State Security Department (page does not exist)">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong State Security Department (page does not exist)">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guizhou_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guizhou State Security Department (page does not exist)">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_State_Security_Department" title="Hainan State Security Department">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebei_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebei State Security Department (page does not exist)">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heilongjiang_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heilongjiang State Security Department (page does not exist)">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henan State Security Department (page does not exist)">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei_State_Security_Department" title="Hubei State Security Department">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunan_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunan State Security Department (page does not exist)">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_State_Security_Department" title="Jiangsu State Security Department">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangxi_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangxi State Security Department (page does not exist)">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilin_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jilin State Security Department (page does not exist)">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoning State Security Department (page does not exist)">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinghai_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinghai State Security Department (page does not exist)">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaanxi_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaanxi State Security Department (page does not exist)">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong State Security Department (page does not exist)">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxi_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanxi State Security Department (page does not exist)">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sichuan_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sichuan State Security Department (page does not exist)">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunnan_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yunnan State Security Department (page does not exist)">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhejiang_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhejiang State Security Department (page does not exist)">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments in<br /><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangxi_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangxi State Security Department (page does not exist)">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Mongolia_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inner Mongolia State Security Department (page does not exist)">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ningxia_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ningxia State Security Department (page does not exist)">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Department_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Security Department of Tibet Autonomous Region (page does not exist)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_State_Security_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang State Security Department (page does not exist)">Xinjiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps_National_Security_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps National Security Bureau (page does not exist)">XPCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Relations" title="University of International Relations">University of International Relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_International_Relations_Hangzhou_Campus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of International Relations Hangzhou Campus (page does not exist)">Hangzhou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="zh:国际关系学院杭州校区">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Social_University" title="Jiangnan Social University">Jiangnan Social University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Institute_of_Information_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Institute of Information Technology (page does not exist)">Nanjing Institute of Information Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Front_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Front organizations">Front organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanshan_Temple_(Sanya)" title="Nanshan Temple (Sanya)">Nanshan Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin_of_Nanshan" title="Guanyin of Nanshan">Guanyin of Nanshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Institute_for_Innovation_and_Development_Strategy" title="China Institute for Innovation and Development Strategy">China Institute for Innovation and Development Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Technical_Import_and_Export_Corporation" title="China National Technical Import and Export Corporation">China National Technical Import and Export Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/China_Ministry_of_State_Security_insignia.png/75px-China_Ministry_of_State_Security_insignia.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/China_Ministry_of_State_Security_insignia.png/113px-China_Ministry_of_State_Security_insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/China_Ministry_of_State_Security_insignia.png/150px-China_Ministry_of_State_Security_insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ling_Yun" title="Ling Yun">Ling Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Chunwang" title="Jia Chunwang">Jia Chunwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Yongyue" title="Xu Yongyue">Xu Yongyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Huichang" title="Geng Huichang">Geng Huichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major international<br />operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Chinese intelligence activity abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_China" title="Cyberwarfare by China">Cyberwarfare by China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deserepi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deserepi (page does not exist)">Deserepi</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spies_and_Lies_(Joske_book)" title="Spies and Lies (Joske book)">Spies and Lies</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Espionage" title="Chinese Communist Espionage">Chinese Communist Espionage</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Spies:_From_Chairman_Mao_to_Xi_Jinping" title="Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping">Chinese Spies</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_interference_in_Canada#Interference_in_2019_and_2021_federal_elections" title="Chinese government interference in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese espionage in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_China%E2%80%93African_Union_espionage_allegations" title="2018 China–African Union espionage allegations">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Science_Council" title="Template talk:International Science Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Science_Council" title="International Science Council">International Science Council (ISC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania" title="Academy of Sciences of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_of_Science_and_Development_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation of Science and Development (Angola) (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Council" title="National Scientific and Technical Research Council">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Science" title="Australian Academy of Science">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Belarus" title="National Academy of Sciences of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academies_for_Science_and_the_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences,_Arts_and_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_de_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Infrastructure_Science_and_Technology_(Botswana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Infrastructure Science and Technology (Botswana) (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Brazilian Academy of Sciences">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_Nacional_de_Pos-Graduacao_e_Pesquisa_em_Ciencias_Sociais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Ciencias Sociais (page does not exist)">ANPOCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique_et_Technologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cameroon Academy of Sciences">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council">SSHRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Chilena_de_Ciencias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Chilena de Ciencias (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Science_and_Technology" title="China Association for Science and Technology">China</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Colombiana_de_Ciencias_Exactas,_Fisicas_y_Naturales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Costa_Rica)" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences,_des_arts,_des_cultures_d%27Afrique_et_des_diasporas_africaines" title="Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cuban Academy of Sciences">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czech Academy of Sciences">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Scientific_Research_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceministerio_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Eswatini)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Eswatini) (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Science_and_Technology_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Finnish_Academies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Finnish Academies (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Georgian National Academy of Sciences">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Research_Foundation" title="German Research Foundation">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_de_Ciencias_M%C3%A9dicas_Fisicas_y_Naturales_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia de Ciencias Médicas Fisicas y Naturales de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences of Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Social_Science_Research" title="Indian Council of Social Science Research">ICSSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Council (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Council_of_Japan" title="Science Council of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scientific_Society" title="Royal Scientific Society">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kenya National Academy of Sciences">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Social_Science_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Social Science Research Council (page does not exist)">KSSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Korean Academy of Science and Technology">KAST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_National_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao National Science Council (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Latvian Academy of Sciences">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for Scientific Research (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Lesotho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Science and Technology (Lesotho) (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lithuanian Academy of Sciences">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_National_Research_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg National Research Fund (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27Enseignement_Sup%C3%A9rieur_et_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Malaysia" title="Academy of Sciences Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius_Academy_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritius Academy of Science (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mexican Academy of Sciences">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consejo_Mexicano_de_Ciencias_Sociales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consejo Mexicano de Ciencias Sociales (page does not exist)">COMECSO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Moldova" title="Academy of Sciences of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Scientifique_de_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Scientifique de Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mongolian Academy of Sciences">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan II Academy for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Association_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Association of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_on_Research,_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nepal Academy of Science and Technology">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi" title="Royal Society Te Apārangi">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Academy_of_Science" title="Nigerian Academy of Science">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters" title="Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">UB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Panama" title="University of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Peru) (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Philippines)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Philippines) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Social_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Social Science Council (page does not exist)">PSSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lisbon Academy of Sciences">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Science_and_Technology_(Rwanda)" title="College of Science and Technology (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_City_for_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senegal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senegal Academy of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_National_Parks_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles National Parks Authority (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_National_Academy_of_Science" title="Singapore National Academy of Science">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Slovak Academy of Sciences">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_(South_Africa)" title="National Research Foundation (South Africa)">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Sciences_Research_Council_of_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa (page does not exist)">HSRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Science (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Research_(Sudan)" title="National Centre for Research (Sudan)">Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Sudanese National Academy of Sciences">SNAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Academy_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Academies_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Tajik Academy of Sciences">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chancellerie_des_Universit%C3%A9s_du_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chancellerie des Universités du Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Turkish Academy of Sciences">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_Academy_Society_of_Turkey" title="The Science Academy Society of Turkey">Science Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_and_Technological_Research_Council_of_Turkey" title="Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey">TÜBİTAK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uganda_National_Council_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council">ESRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Consejo_Nacional_de_Innovacion_Ciencia_y_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Consejo Nacional de Innovacion Ciencia y Tecnologia (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistan_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondo_Nacional_de_Ciencia,_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_e_Innovaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Union_of_Science_and_Technology_Associations" title="Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zambia Academy of Sciences">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">RCZ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Council_for_the_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Council for the Social Sciences (page does not exist)">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Asian_Social_Science_Research_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (page does not exist)">AASSREC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">CASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Latinoamericano_de_Ciencias_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales">CLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Development_of_Social_Science_Research_in_Africa" title="Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa">CODESRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences">FLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Acad%C3%A9mique_Internationale" title="Union Académique Internationale">UAI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Social_Science_Research_in_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (page does not exist)">OSSREA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">USP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions and<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Social_Studies_of_Science" title="Society for Social Studies of Science">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Legal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association of Legal Science (page does not exist)">IALS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Arctic_Social_Sciences_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Arctic Social Sciences Association (page does not exist)">IASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cartographic_Association" title="International Cartographic Association">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Association" title="International Economic Association">IEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Societies_for_Microscopy" title="International Federation of Societies for Microscopy">IFSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Geographical_Union" title="International Geographical Union">IGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">IMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Quaternary_Research" title="International Union for Quaternary Research">INQUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Research_Association" title="International Peace Research Association">IPRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Political_Science_Association" title="International Political Science Association">IPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sociological_Association" title="International Sociological Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Ecological_Economics" title="International Society for Ecological Economics">ISEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Photogrammetry_and_Remote_Sensing" title="International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing">ISPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">IUBMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences" title="International Union of Biological Sciences">IUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Crystallography" title="International Union of Crystallography">IUCr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology" title="International Union of Food Science and Technology">IUFoST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geodesy_and_Geophysics" title="International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics">IUGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">IUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science" title="International Union of History and Philosophy of Science">IUHPST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Immunological_Societies" title="International Union of Immunological Societies">IUIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Materials_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Materials Research Society (page does not exist)">IUMRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies" title="International Union of Microbiological Societies">IUMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences" title="International Union of Nutritional Sciences">IUNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Pure_and_Applied_Biophysics" title="International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics">IUPAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">IUPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Physical_and_Engineering_Sciences_in_Medicine" title="International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine">IUPESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology">IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Physiological_Sciences" title="International Union of Physiological Sciences">IUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Psychological_Science" title="International Union of Psychological Science">IUPsyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Soil_Sciences" title="International Union of Soil Sciences">IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Population" title="International Union for the Scientific Study of Population">IUSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Mechanics" title="International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics">IUTAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Toxicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Toxicology (page does not exist)">IUTOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science" title="International Union of Radio Science">URSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="World Association for Public Opinion Research">WAPOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Anthropological_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Anthropological Union (page does not exist)">WAU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">AAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Academies_and_Societies_of_Sciences_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (page does not exist)">AASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Academy of Social Sciences">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Science-Technology_Centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Science-Technology Centers">ASTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Association_of_Development_and_Training_Institutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Association of Development and Training Institutes (page does not exist)">EADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">ECPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_des_G%C3%A9om%C3%A8tres" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale des Géomètres">FIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Academy" title="Global Young Academy">GYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Applied_Psychology" title="International Association of Applied Psychology">IAAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Hydro-Environment_Engineering_and_Research" title="International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research">IAHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Arctic_Science_Committee" title="International Arctic Science Committee">IASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Acoustics" title="International Commission for Acoustics">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">ICIAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Council_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (page does not exist)">ICLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Optics" title="International Commission for Optics">ICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="International Council for Scientific and Technical Information">ICSTI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Federation_of_Data_Organizations_for_Social_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Federation of Data Organizations for Social Science (page does not exist)">IFDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">IFIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="International Foundation for Science">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Applied_Systems_Analysis" title="International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis">IIASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Association" title="International Studies Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Digital_Earth" title="International Society for Digital Earth">ISDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Vacuum_Science,_Technique_and_Applications" title="International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403688015">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126381890">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2091775-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78071381">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12147796x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12147796x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00374410">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2013781262&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2087731">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000180596&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812480582005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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