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class="main"> <nav class="p-breadcrumbs" style=""><ul class="p-breadcrumbs__list" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="p-breadcrumbs__item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN" class="p-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">首页</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="p-breadcrumbs__item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN/umami" class="p-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">鲜味</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li><li class="p-breadcrumbs__item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span class="p-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">什么是五种基本品味？</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><section class="gt-block c-heading-01 container--narrow" data-gt-block=""> <h1 class="c-heading-01__title">什么是五种基本品味？</h1> </section> <div class="gt-block container--narrow" data-gt-block=""> <div class="c-text"><p>五种基本味道——甜、酸、咸、苦和鲜——是告诉我们一些关于我们放进嘴里的东西的信息，这样我们就可以决定是否应该吃它。了解五种基本品味并了解它们为何对我们如此重要。</p> </div> <div class="p-box p-box-border "> <h2 class="c-heading-02" id="cf_block_1_cf_flx_comp_cf_block_0_cf_heading_txt">目录</h2> <ol class="p-list--counter" style="counter-reset:number 0"> <li class="p-list__item"><a href="#cf_block_2_cf_heading_txt" target="_self" rel="" class="c-link--none">味道的功能</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"><a href="#cf_block_19_cf_heading_txt" target="_self" rel="" class="c-link--none">鲜味的鉴定和我们的氨基酸研究历史</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"><a href="#cf_block_22_cf_heading_txt" target="_self" rel="" class="c-link--none">Kokumi 是下一个味觉盛宴吗？</a> </li> <li class="p-list__item"><a href="#cf_block_25_cf_heading_txt" target="_self" rel="" class="c-link--none">关于味道和鲜味的一般问题</a> </li> </ol> </div> <h2 class="c-heading-02" id="cf_block_2_cf_heading_txt">味道的功能</h2> <div class="c-text"><p class="gt-block">越来越多的人开始熟悉 <a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN/aboutus/umami/5_facts">鲜味</a>，第五种基本味道——尤其是最近世界各地兴起的“鲜味热潮”。但自然地，大多数人并不认为鲜味那么重要。这是人们在餐馆里听到的一个词，也可能是在高中学习生物学时听到的。但还有更多的事情要做。鲜味在人类健康和营养方面发挥着令人惊讶的重要作用，毫不夸张地说，没有它，人类将很难生活。</p> </div> <div class="c-text"><p>包括人类在内的所有动物都需要进食才能生存。而且我们不能吃任何东西。也许可以吃木头或泥土，但是这些东西并不能真正为“食物”，因为它们没有给我们任何营养。那么，我们如何知道应该吃什么以及不应该吃什么呢？答案就是味道。每种基本口味（甜，酸，咸，苦和鲜）都是一种信息，它告诉我们一些我们在嘴里放的东西，因此我们可以决定是否应该食用。</p> </div> <div class="u-clearfix"> <div id="lp_link1" class="lp_link_blue"> <a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN/stories/dashi-the-secret-of-washoku" class="lp_link"> <p>什么是高汤？和食的秘密</p> </a> </div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-24 "> <div class="c-media-block"> <figure class="c-media-block__figure " role="group"> <img src="https://www.ajinomoto.com/cms_wp_ajnmt_global/wp-content/uploads/umami/png/Roles-of-Basic-Tastes.png" width="1636" height="1122" alt="基本味觉的作用" loading="lazy"> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="c-heading-03" id="cf_block_7_cf_heading_txt">甜美</h3> <div class="c-text"><p>甜味似乎是糖和碳水化合物的标志物，糖可以为人体提供快速的能量，而碳水化合物则可以补充体内的能量。从营养的角度来看，这两种功能对于生存都极为重要。糖在存在危险的情况下为战斗或逃避反应提供了必要的能量，而热量摄入可以防止您营养不良，饥饿和浪费疾病。</p> </div> <h3 class="c-heading-03" id="cf_block_9_cf_heading_txt">钠</h3> <div class="c-text"><p>钠在任何哺乳动物的健康中都起着至关重要的作用，因为它调节体内的离子和水稳态。而且，当然，钠的味道标记是“咸”。少量咸而不是大量咸的事实可能与其在体内的作用有关—一次吃太多盐可能很危险，因此我们的身体会通过拒绝极高的咸溶液来做出反应。</p> </div> <div class="u-clearfix"> <div id="lp_link2" class="lp_link_gray"> <a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN/stories/confronting-the-silent-killer" class="lp_link"> <p>直面越南“无声杀手”：鲜味减盐美味</p> </a> </div></div> <h3 class="c-heading-03" id="cf_block_12_cf_heading_txt">酸</h3> <div class="c-text"><p>酸味有助于我们检测食物中酸的存在，就像盐一样，通常少量食用即可，但不能大量食用。这就是为什么酸味有助于我们评估食物的好坏的原因。例如，当水果尚未成熟时，它就充满了柠檬酸和其他酸，因此味道太酸了，所以我们不吃。牛奶中的乳酸也是如此，当牛奶太老而无法食用时，其浓度会增加。</p> </div> <h3 class="c-heading-03" id="cf_block_14_cf_heading_txt">苦</h3> <div class="c-text"><p>强烈的苦味是毒素（有毒物质）的标志，我们自然会拒绝它们以保护自己免受有害影响。但是少量时，我们成人学习就喜欢一些对我们的身体有积极作用的苦味化合物，例如咖啡因和其他植物多酚。</p> </div> <h3 class="c-heading-03" id="cf_block_16_cf_heading_txt">鲜味</h3> <div class="c-text"><p>鲜味被认为是营养中最重要和最基本的部分之一的信号：蛋白质，在肉、蛋、牛奶和各种豆类中含量丰富。因此，可以合理地说，早期人类对鲜味的喜爱与狩猎、掌握火和烹饪密切相关，这有助于为整个氏族或部落提供充足且易于消化的蛋白质。当你考虑到蛋白质是由氨基酸组成时，鲜味和蛋白质之间的联系并不那么令人惊讶。顺便说一句，鲜味首先是通过分离谷氨酸而发现的，这导致了味之素有限公司创建了味精。作为基本口味之一，很容易看出鲜味如何帮助人类作为一个物种生存了数百万年。</p> </div> <ul class="p-list--circle"> <li class="p-list__item"><a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN/umami/5-facts" target="_self" rel="" class="c-link--none">什么是鲜味？</a> </li> </ul> <h2 class="c-heading-02" id="cf_block_19_cf_heading_txt">鲜味的发现和我们氨基酸研究的历史</h2> <div class="c-text"><p>1908 年，日本科学家发现了五种基本口味之一的鲜味。池田菊内博士一边品尝一碗海带汤（一种由海带制成的汤）煮豆腐，一边确信还有另一种与甜味、咸味、酸味和苦味完全不同的基本味道。</p> </div> <div class="u-clearfix"> <div id="lp_link4" class="lp_link_blue"> <a href="https://www.ajinomoto.com/zh-CN/stories/dashi-the-secret-of-washoku" class="lp_link"> <p>什么是高汤？和食的秘密</p> </a> 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