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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Twin_Shaft_disaster&params=41_20_29.6_N_75_47_9.36_W_region:US-PA_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°20′29.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°47′9.36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.341556°N 75.7859333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.341556; -75.7859333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1896 coal mine cave-in in Pittston, Pennsylvania, United States</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg/220px-Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg/330px-Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg/440px-Twin_Shaft_Disaster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Hundreds gather at the site of the Twin Shaft disaster immediately after the cave-in (1896).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Twin Shaft disaster</b> occurred in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft <a href="/wiki/Colliery" class="mw-redirect" title="Colliery">Colliery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittston,_Pennsylvania" title="Pittston, Pennsylvania">Pittston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, United States, on June 28, 1896, when a massive <a href="/wiki/Cave-in" title="Cave-in">cave-in</a> killed fifty-eight miners. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disaster">Disaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_Shaft_disaster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 3:00 in the morning on Sunday, June 28, 1896, ninety miners were at work in the Red Ash Vein of the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston when the roof quickly caved in. It was believed at the time that all of the men perished. </p><p>The concussion from the explosion was so great that it was heard for miles around. The foundation of nearly every building in Pittston was shaken and windows and doors were rattled as in a tornado. In the houses nearer to the mine, persons were thrown from their beds, thinking an earthquake had occurred. Immediately after the boom, the colliery whistle and town <a href="/wiki/Fire_alarms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire alarms">fire alarms</a> sounded. Families ran to the mine works. Newspapers reported "havoc everywhere," from grief-stricken wives to frantic efforts at impenetrable tunnels of collapsed top rock and crushed timbers. </p><p>Two rescue tunnels were attempted, though volunteers sometimes removed only 20 feet a day. Hope faded for the victims of the disaster, most of whom were <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian people">Lithuanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">immigrants</a>. Their names were compiled later because the list of those working was also underground. </p><p>There were 58 men and boys who died during the cave-in, buried 434 feet (132 m) below ground. In their wake, they left 31 <a href="/wiki/Widows" class="mw-redirect" title="Widows">widows</a> and 101 <a href="/wiki/Orphans" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphans">orphans</a>. None of their bodies were ever recovered. It was one of the largest coal mining disasters in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> history (even larger than the <a href="/wiki/Knox_Mine_disaster" title="Knox Mine disaster">Knox Mine disaster</a> many decades later in nearby <a href="/wiki/Port_Griffith,_Pennsylvania" title="Port Griffith, Pennsylvania">Port Griffith</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_Shaft_disaster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg/140px-Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg/210px-Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg/280px-Daniel_H_Hastings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Governor Daniel H. Hastings ordered an inquiry into the cause of the mine disaster.</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 10, 1896, testimony began in a formal investigation ordered by Pennsylvania's Governor <a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Hastings" title="Daniel H. Hastings">Hastings</a> to learn why the disaster happened, whether mining laws had been obeyed, and what might prevent future <a href="/wiki/Tragedy_(event)" title="Tragedy (event)">tragedies</a>. Testimony revealed that there had been an audible "squeezing" of the <a href="/wiki/Room_and_pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Room and pillar">pillars</a> about two weeks prior to the accident — a sure sign that a wall or shaft was about to crumble. A miner named Edward Hughes defied his boss and left his shift early the night of the disaster because "the crackling grew worse." The superintendent ordered extra props put up to provide additional support. Apparently, however, these props were not placed strategically and once a section of the wall gave way, the others collapsed like a house of cards. In total, about 200 acres (81 ha) had caved in. </p><p>The investigating committee suggested that pillars of coal should be left standing for safety and not "robbed" of their coal, especially when two seams are mined at once, and that maps of mine workings and air tunnels be provided to mine inspectors. Rescue operations at Twin Shaft were slowed by the absence of such maps. </p><p>The Governor's investigative commission first issued its safety recommendations on September 25, 1896. These recommendations would often be ignored in subsequent years. </p><p>The disaster played a major role after 1900 in the stronger <a href="/wiki/Unionization" title="Unionization">unionization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">Northeastern Pennsylvania</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/John_Mitchell_(United_Mine_Workers)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mitchell (United Mine Workers)">John Mitchell</a>. </p><p>Today a marker stands in the area where the event occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_Shaft_disaster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avondale_Mine_disaster" title="Avondale Mine disaster">Avondale Mine disaster</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_Shaft_disaster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=10470">"Twin Shaft Disaster Historical Marker"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+Shaft+Disaster+Historical+Marker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D10470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwin+Shaft+disaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-B5">"Twin Shaft Disaster Historical Marker"</a>. <i>explorepahistory.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=explorepahistory.com&rft.atitle=Twin+Shaft+Disaster+Historical+Marker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplorepahistory.com%2Fhmarker.php%3FmarkerId%3D1-A-B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwin+Shaft+disaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121045539/http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/pa/mines/pittston-minecavein1896.htm">"GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods - Events That Touched Our Ancestors' Lives"</a>. <i>www.gendisasters.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/pa/mines/pittston-minecavein1896.htm">the original</a> on 21 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gendisasters.com&rft.atitle=GenDisasters+...+Genealogy+in+Tragedy%2C+Disasters%2C+Fires%2C+Floods+-+Events+That+Touched+Our+Ancestors%27+Lives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gendisasters.com%2Fdata1%2Fpa%2Fmines%2Fpittston-minecavein1896.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwin+Shaft+disaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Twin_Shaft_disaster&params=41_20_29.6_N_75_47_9.36_W_region:US-PA_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°20′29.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°47′9.36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.341556°N 75.7859333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.341556; -75.7859333</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twin_Shaft_disaster&oldid=1254345079">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twin_Shaft_disaster&oldid=1254345079</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1896_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:1896 in Pennsylvania">1896 in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mining_disasters_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Coal mining disasters in Pennsylvania">Coal mining disasters in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engineering_failures" title="Category:Engineering failures">Engineering failures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Category:History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania">History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1896_mining_disasters" title="Category:1896 mining disasters">1896 mining disasters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1896_disasters_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1896 disasters in the United States">1896 disasters in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pittston,_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Pittston, Pennsylvania">Pittston, Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:June_1896_events" title="Category:June 1896 events">June 1896 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Disasters_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Disasters in Pennsylvania">Disasters in Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 15:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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