CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341cc3f84ece83',cH: 'zv2ob9xZ36aiTIDo_26ywv5Q11R7i1IK4puvJyfaQCs-1739777848-1.2.1.1-_QrWXEji3MNS7Nzy6PIvj1vcRY7zBWmgJ2ee2DPuSjqXfO8bhxvYnIHmZshOQhKD',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/149937\/failure-detection-in-an-edge-cracked-tapered-pipe-conveying-fluid-using-finite-element-method?__cf_chl_tk=ZV.DTI3GUgk7uBCM_O.WvN_Jvn_jyRHxyGrZVTwjSPk-1739777848-1.0.1.1-HtVrOokGHkpXPh1mI4UNwGoF57PJXbeoj9iqEFnIWdM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777848',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/149937\/failure-detection-in-an-edge-cracked-tapered-pipe-conveying-fluid-using-finite-element-method?__cf_chl_f_tk=ZV.DTI3GUgk7uBCM_O.WvN_Jvn_jyRHxyGrZVTwjSPk-1739777848-1.0.1.1-HtVrOokGHkpXPh1mI4UNwGoF57PJXbeoj9iqEFnIWdM",md: "hHfOJKz2ZckYnjnvmOnpG3x5lp5og8S1UmdNKvfCfyQ-1739777848-1.2.1.1-gv2kAhN_Rg_29Hqw.xxqhkwVFbIXHbjclYvUMKw3K7fc6FyzN3UScXSnq1l5w8kDFtQ7QGf_szt0F11yJW..wSXkuD_vb0b_a7FUBAZrkmV6W8sVthJFaNX9HamYl1nTek7o7pOli5NUbrpG8pXJY8Rx4weyH4MTdlG6FzMXAfxv3iMwANr.ai1AfOKx17T.r8LgQiVwNkmOR.lxziynF8Rawl.QP9VwyuyeMuEqSTR2PMMzKYXMk9Snuk_EVkWxXm1DxkTXfdWEtbBZPCe_jchj8m8Xtd3TV7ERj2JVC3zowCTAEgVJqQIGLChoPd0L6k3oLW7OjIjqNxY3v6ATtjSnyC.gfp9.R.f9zXmZMndGcPWPJIy1epJFpB4b5CBOQ9itvtuTksvCvGHI1fzeKEVPNk0V2jtyWeKM2DzEVZTi5n0pS.hDQDDZAIhPNuNJhXyJ74tjJGnob7teXEoXswxnLPzd.bvPfvOXQp1E1okGNDwMjzgJcxI8pAInmL5V3f1LCr2rOC4kR58_RH.BThyp1IOJ2eOs9Dwekw3V5KLHvM4NHtstUH.Vntu3KNHLmfPWvBwQhGi8h1P1F4Q_MGwSObW3J9zRpKK7preNJH8nnnVTLEsG90WdE0mIIva45eEGpqSGeMzgbMcmgEah6w9f5y_v4vFK7BwkA2jIxD2y4MdhZa1c7BrlNfA7zij5KUON38hGudIHVKetQ5fnodvsuOJT2mbantR16rz3Ne06yjL0UfRw.3NqXywCAMvvLrFtI5NM6b2Yvxxjn1KJsART1KN2kTHXNAFgzbNU6uMKHLQFe4xWSV1WPUftFpBIgIiR3xSowaRY.Qh6eiVbCb165svGDnC4o9tr67aI5FkMSfwciLpBgfdKxzJKvn0fDW3XQ7.cBMp6vv6xgy2xOWt2mSIKOWDoOT6e37mIDo.zdWS1Xf.n93f374YKpLzsRFbR6Qy3O.Kaushz9zGE7wGqX2A5q4XmhxrysE6GD7XgHPjtlWhMf1ZEzPBahTpVowIp3aYl0E5BMz8oEAwcLnUa2x5RdCqciawqHZn.SDyt_rBjldDM2AcQ5ouxG9DoBo3RY9B_trgDFyjuQDgNiQ1Ftvvzw_tt3fgPv2ZWvL5kw0OYKve6TZN.0hdnA8VBSahdPzkI9zXUlTFFboXnvVn52a.xDutRDpNcDMptSJg4hXk8XM5k8BDRdkqBPfH2JaLnHYcL4FwGbXMquVBCLyWpbu98ijxt.eBzJov9gukyT_mWMMUlDtlf0cmVBR1jrwEJNHkOYOJbws_dbUr6tvx835T5fekaM9nccJcQH18NYgXgisxgvQ5lDGH5p8J_S2AzLD5ABWI1l2Y9GcZW9iwKccGZ1QDJTqsxOU4bGho5KgYW.gvsVcohpBR0XpLCvDjW4315HY6RaARXcUd9DtZNaaBxrlInF0KWvVsL.MJbjWgoq6F6KFs2grC2k1dN_wmh0JD6uU1mChdvWqfbhP0qkoeUIMfMs18mGW.1WxQUew3G7Zb9rF2fKHdLLcXAEmEWE2Wj0LEY82BGqBHaVITq7gChtTzxw7g8G7Mnh3u.dpn1As8b95RN5Ez5vjDVgZHB.xFWaiiIZXd2BFzmRJUmnSoUQdaDKvpz69uvs5A7TV4oEfcMPic9FmLhuDA.t4PRZrmTp3onXxwAPQRv7QWUmONO29.oJciLxgtaCoKvyAbwkIbhjJuBuDLpwfQyiKZHTYGV3Kqj2SqLm3h0QsYM7Nl6Tm0ISpZd6P2hrvj8fkV6wUVGQ1XCxVlFXSsDyv5lkcHo5bM0n1hzsqkYpq9TJTZ8Tz3Nbs058O2E5EkhM1Az5_PsI.knJnpID8F3GRtFDif1gWFN1Gp9s5bAN8h6qH5gB3ssiBDIAOU.8kzfKfAhi20LHIGFidi_hMRwu0Yd1RkDUSp1aokVP4Nj3kBmLI6KLuan_6TFoYcA3mvUevfkFELTExlq2.E021GE8r.VjkjH06iIf3Ozu.ufc1PHiyhRTktZVg5mspAKGeMinI.7DRN6YV7aVjRHJ7hYnB.iYUKt1EHFHK8FQZQ7.5Ttn7eAd.2j3kXn3.UNuikNwtBi_iDtCwq6j0ICsx63SYRd7Mr5IEaL6fIGm164Vj3N6csQf81v.UdbxslKJq4",mdrd: "L7V_oGShv.tv7Uz.bUzfdjW5pj3Pav8.vb2HXPQOuPQ-1739777848-1.2.1.1-kIWzv4KLCOL56St8twwNlEKNBoHxHseoGozbI5Kzsf9GhIcZekfH.x2tg_sfmkxnowLq.eBIuOrYMaElYBQ0ts37Iop1PR0eQcXcjjH94AaYO2yZGy0e9qr0EFjTpFFEf87h7O1Ja55rOAsjm.jDDUiSyj05kPtOYRmKSFO8mkC8JPHoRFznFLVNtUzb6djcy.DGdIM85yPYx.qSC6sGJitwCW1X._m6oox3gEsWwALmsv4O_MwW2uWagbhIp0jLpW2.Bic50pG0xNRrECVCzrjbBrT6vCZzYjSpr_Rlm9w.d0v.yUjL6aBjMGZnp1TNV_E5Dg5iBs.oM04j8xrSfGLCIY4q925hgzj.tlsccrySfSsLlfsdG.dR_9U9XRijOmhTtF4tz2b0TZvJqzF.c5ICjeL09r2un3ZtAnWlV__8LxbPUxgYJeL_k.obmsJHbhRBeffO9fyx1t7nMHbXlCSDhIa8wiEikqHhn0z4VA1AS232osCD54m.7AXxxA_YHfOpChYV6hTyqdME9YEZl.gdBsr396jyuy.fc8MioVFuWVb3HjHtYNJvDrmCrubvyBChqcpUi8oaIW034zdhY6qWiAOjKs4gj4zSHT.YIHkDDc1zQNEd1TIBEus5BEc0KkblJU.ojwfEXWr3t.qLiqc4LOV.upwhSP6guxpUzxwTNah3wdqb4HORkGFL8.AbAOsjLWcy7sghlU8dQCPQZ5miEa4ZGcdBfWtaGGcjIQfuwVyZz.1QePivmo_VuTIgtXadFh.th0g8d4.ajxSSNCzFdE5Xgm1l3i0jgVoZ8tXW9JQRLWgkRJnQwwwUVUkWeDjbsdY5wXshKvE4K4kGu1mYlVZMYQhCdP9y._3GPOPWh8EJB4IYo8pRU0FkFodHXNMQiAfgEzesjFTXt17Brqe3zyog3dOcTb_JydjQm_ELI.H8XDEhF0u1s9Mglz9i2vxMqk19DkHLQnKUREH.biR7IlSpKCzWgCM7lTOXslf7rkWdVv9Rxqav8N0tkZE5kw9Dhs5frpI4AjJI3wzwTr7cLRU7JRjUiPcJmYQMNC3btnNNU60rqIbarBPc6cKA8dwmQ82FEh6iEAyllVmXIxBppMig5L7NbLezsk305i_pnmCMriPRexXu2wwT6B1Yt5fyugFbaeaTSRD1KtdPb4sqDjNmpoC294Z_9x85X0SfUMpAJpWoXmGUaxBNnLGM0rom7Oj0OMz2.hMrLMWwZd.jIh7Jl0SWBabTROL4KzHRObUMIsfX6rRsVlJ3xbEmvo.bwpj6ypzEKPz0pouJS_CzSs1JgHpFAg3OGKnuojAQeBfG2VFntuCHMMrqIk7Ldp4ytoZhsFV6GFStYEsL5uqgJLXinySXOM0eWmNv.sPwhNxPAHnfm.UHFce991EqfbHbS8Miwq7kJ9w7rx1_SJmMsvDFql1F0hCc9bML_9Z6CrmLf2AXnuSbxTytX6Ps3qnkqcrZXah4MOi2dK7Pr0v0iqpnhaVRW5GBt1OoiDASt_dje3ufvhBeTOszPNsskwP2Z0q1Y_ZTxZFwMDYliaCoU1wUH07ElQIuiNrn_J5sOMRMSF4uOrqbkRQ5.eQk5WmzBJ94DiDvj_L_YANWN8PnWzMYrQ0CvwQ_i42gxD.OoNZs3ybd8AduFVtXkpFsz.YFcQ.RVWPrw3pJE5Fydlk1hyy2Q6QpvvfTjZgtZpPCkoCKx8He6nN_nigK4bEWcyVQ34pyWGOKvU0ZOACEZ1TluHpWpbCVvRrOAXtQAjtMUO44JiMj4Q8dp6oMj4RhDtE8m4cQkL202g2iPkfcCpzC4zeghwhODpSC9DzypUc5YVjlJpmiBRx8MdVyBABLzGpTfoxxVT1M2b7keVFW97mE.CHBDptOztMsyiltU5E7cW3_wadCyQ07h6LpkqQdI.R.C7CwmTLfr1hczjT80zD_Il_m9WRUIotNCrfHqw3yXrEVqysIqXWP36RCZdei"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341cc3f84ece83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/149937\/failure-detection-in-an-edge-cracked-tapered-pipe-conveying-fluid-using-finite-element-method?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZV.DTI3GUgk7uBCM_O.WvN_Jvn_jyRHxyGrZVTwjSPk-1739777848-1.0.1.1-HtVrOokGHkpXPh1mI4UNwGoF57PJXbeoj9iqEFnIWdM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>