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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the book by Arnold Schoenberg, see <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg#Writings" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg § Writings</a>. For the book by Heinrich Schenker, see <a href="/wiki/Harmony_(Schenker)" title="Harmony (Schenker)">Harmony (Schenker)</a>.</div> <p> <i><b>Harmonielehre</b></i> is a 40-minute orchestral composition by the American composer <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(composer)" title="John Adams (composer)">John Adams</a>, composed in 1985. In his memoir, Adams wrote that the piece "was a statement of belief in the power of <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonality</a> at a time when I was uncertain about its future"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that it was "a one-of-kind [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] once-only essay in the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Fin_de_si%C3%A8cle" title="Fin de siècle">fin-de-siècle</a> <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_harmony" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatic harmony">chromatic harmony</a> with the rhythmic and formal procedures of <a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimalism (music)">Minimalism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The composition's title, German for "study of harmony", is a reference to <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg's</a> 1911 <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a> textbook of the same name, a study of tonal harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-earbox_harmonielehre_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earbox_harmonielehre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other theory texts titled <i>Harmonielehre</i> include those by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schenker" title="Heinrich Schenker">Heinrich Schenker</a> (1906) and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Riemann" title="Hugo Riemann">Hugo Riemann</a> (1893). </p><p>Adams has said that the piece was inspired by a dream he had in which he was driving across the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a> and saw an oil tanker on the surface of the water abruptly turn upright and take off like a <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dream and the composition of <i>Harmonielehre</i> shortly thereafter ended a <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_block" title="Writer's block">writer's block</a> Adams had been experiencing for 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movements">Movements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonielehre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition is in three movements: </p> <div><ol start="1" style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li>First Movement</li></ol></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd>The first movement begins with the powerful repetition of chords in E minor in <a href="/wiki/Minimalist_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimalist music">minimalist</a> fashion. These chords form a recurring theme throughout the movement, interspersed with motoric episodes that use Schoenberg's harmonic progressions as chordal "gates" (a name coined by Adams to describe juxtapositions of harmonic areas in his music).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the center of the arch-like 17-minute movement arises what <a href="/wiki/Tom_Service" title="Tom Service">Tom Service</a> has called an "achingly expressive lyrical theme."<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div><ol start="2" style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li>The Anfortas Wound</li></ol></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd>The brooding second movement, based on the legend of the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King</a>, shuns minimalist processes, favoring bleak <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a>-like soundscapes, building inexorably slowly to twin climaxes of brutal dissonance, the second of which is drawn from the climactic sonority of the first movement of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a>'s unfinished <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Mahler)">Tenth Symphony</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div><ol start="3" style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Meister Eckhardt">Meister Eckhardt</a> and Quackie</li></ol></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd>The third movement, according to Adams, is inspired by a dream that he had about his infant daughter Emily, whom he and his wife had briefly nicknamed "Quackie".<sup id="cite_ref-earbox_harmonielehre_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earbox_harmonielehre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonielehre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The piece is scored for the following orchestra:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">Woodwinds</a></dt> <dd><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">4 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute"> flutes</a> (2nd, 3rd, and 4th doubling <a href="/wiki/Piccolos" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccolos">piccolos</a>)</div></dd> <dd><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">3 <a href="/wiki/Oboes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oboes">oboes</a> (3rd doubling <a href="/wiki/English_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="English horn">english horn</a>)</div></dd> <dd><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">4 <a href="/wiki/Clarinets" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarinets">clarinets</a> in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> and A (3rd and 4th doubling <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a>)</div></dd> <dd>3 <a href="/wiki/Bassoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassoons">bassoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Contrabassoon" title="Contrabassoon">contrabassoon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a></dt> <dd>4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a> in F</dd> <dd>4 <a href="/wiki/Trumpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpets">trumpets</a> in C</dd> <dd>3 <a href="/wiki/Trombones" class="mw-redirect" title="Trombones">trombones</a></dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tubas</a></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a></dd> <dd>4 percussionists: <dl><dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimbas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">vibraphone</a> (bowed and struck)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubular bell">tubular bells</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crotales" title="Crotales">crotales</a> (bowed and struck)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a></dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Suspended_cymbal" title="Suspended cymbal">suspended cymbals</a> (high and low)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sizzle_cymbal" title="Sizzle cymbal">sizzle cymbal</a></dd> <dd>small <a href="/wiki/Crash_cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash cymbals">crash cymbals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_tree" title="Bell tree">bell tree</a></dd> <dd><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">2 <a href="/wiki/Tamtam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamtam">tamtams</a> (2nd actually referred to as "Medium Gong" in the second movement)</div></dd> <dd><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">2 <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangles</a> (different pitches)</div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboards</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">Strings</a></dt> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harps</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">string section</a></dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonielehre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edo_de_Waart" title="Edo de Waart">Edo de Waart</a> / <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nonesuch_Records" title="Nonesuch Records">Nonesuch</a>, 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle" title="Simon Rattle">Simon Rattle</a> / <a href="/wiki/City_of_Birmingham_Symphony_Orchestra" title="City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra">City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra</a> (EMI, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Robertson_(conductor)" title="David Robertson (conductor)">David Robertson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra">Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra</a> (Arch Media, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a> / <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a> (SFS Media, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oundjian" title="Peter Oundjian">Peter Oundjian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_National_Orchestra" title="Royal Scottish National Orchestra">Royal Scottish National Orchestra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chandos_Records" title="Chandos Records">Chandos</a>, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Nagano" title="Kent Nagano">Kent Nagano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Montreal Symphony Orchestra">Montreal Symphony Orchestra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Decca_Gold" title="Decca Gold">DECCA</a>, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Guerrero" title="Giancarlo Guerrero">Giancarlo Guerrero</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Symphony" title="Nashville Symphony">Nashville Symphony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a>, 2021)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonielehre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Harmonielehre</i> appears in the <a href="/wiki/True_Detective" title="True Detective">True Detective</a> TV series Church in Ruins (S02e06).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also appears in the Modern Era soundtrack of the computer game <a href="/wiki/Civilization_IV" title="Civilization IV">Civilization IV</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with several other pieces by Adams. It also appears on the <i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Love_(film)" title="I Am Love (film)">I Am Love</a></i> soundtrack.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was selected for inclusion in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>'</i>s list of "50 Greatest Symphonies".<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dubstep musician duo <a href="/wiki/Nero_(band)" title="Nero (band)">Nero</a> samples the beginning of the first movement in the second track of its 2011 album <a href="/wiki/Welcome_Reality" title="Welcome Reality">Welcome Reality</a>, "Doomsday". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonielehre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdams2008" class="citation book cs1">Adams, John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961365919"><i>Hallelujah Junction: Composing an American Life</i></a>. London: Faber and Faber. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23116-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23116-4"><bdi>978-0-571-23116-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961365919">961365919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hallelujah+Junction%3A+Composing+an+American+Life&rft.place=London&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961365919&rft.isbn=978-0-571-23116-4&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F961365919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarmonielehre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earbox_harmonielehre-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earbox_harmonielehre_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earbox_harmonielehre_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earbox.com/harmonielehre/">"John Adams on Harmonielehre"</a>. <i>Earbox</i>. John Adams<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earbox&rft.atitle=John+Adams+on+Harmonielehre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earbox.com%2Fharmonielehre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarmonielehre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earbox.com/W-harmonielehre.html">Harmonielehre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100517061538/http://www.earbox.com/W-harmonielehre.html">Archived</a> 2010-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> John Adams. Retrieved 2010-07-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, John. <i>Hallelujah Junction: Composing an American Life,</i> Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008, pp. 128-129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earbox.com/W-phrygiangates.html">Phrygian Gates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607143228/http://www.earbox.com/W-phrygiangates.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> John Adams. Retrieved 2011-04-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/tomserviceblog/2014/mar/11/symphony-guide-john-adams-harmonielehre-tom-service">"</a> "Symphony guide: John Adams's Harmonielehre," <i>The Guardian</i>, 11 March 2014, accessed January 19, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdams1998" class="citation web cs1">Adams, John (1998-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earbox.com/harmonielehre/">"Harmonielehre"</a>. <i>Earbox - John Adams</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earbox+-+John+Adams&rft.atitle=Harmonielehre&rft.date=1998-09-23&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earbox.com%2Fharmonielehre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarmonielehre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tunefind.com/show/true-detective/season-2/23818"><i>True Detective Soundtrack</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-22</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+Detective+Soundtrack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tunefind.com%2Fshow%2Ftrue-detective%2Fseason-2%2F23818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarmonielehre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrahckheuhl2017" class="citation cs2">Grahckheuhl (2017-12-13), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9P5JVAuKcGE"><i>Civilization 4 Soundtrack: Harmonielehre: Part I</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/9P5JVAuKcGE">archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-21</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civilization+4+Soundtrack%3A+Harmonielehre%3A+Part+I&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft.au=Grahckheuhl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9P5JVAuKcGE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarmonielehre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIMDB2010" class="citation cs2">IMDB (2010-10-18), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1226236/videoplayer/vi1774061337?ref_=tt_ov_vi"><i>I Am Love trailer</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-18</span></span></cite><span 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.navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist" aria-labelledby="John_Adams151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Adams_(composer)" title="Template:John Adams (composer)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Adams_(composer)" title="Template talk:John Adams (composer)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Adams_(composer)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Adams (composer)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Adams151" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(composer)" title="John Adams (composer)">John Adams</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon_in_China" title="Nixon in China">Nixon in China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Klinghoffer" title="The Death of Klinghoffer">The Death of Klinghoffer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Was_Looking_at_the_Ceiling_and_Then_I_Saw_the_Sky" title="I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky">I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o_(opera)" title="El Niño (opera)">El Niño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Atomic" title="Doctor Atomic">Doctor Atomic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Flowering_Tree" title="A Flowering Tree">A Flowering Tree</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_the_Other_Mary" title="The Gospel According to the Other Mary">The Gospel According to the Other Mary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girls_of_the_Golden_West_(opera)" title="Girls of the Golden West (opera)">Girls of the Golden West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra_(2022_opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony and Cleopatra (2022 opera)">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaker_Loops" title="Shaker Loops">Shaker Loops</a></i> (orchestral)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harmonielehre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chairman_Dances" title="The Chairman Dances">The Chairman Dances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tromba_Lontana" title="Tromba Lontana">Tromba Lontana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Short_Ride_in_a_Fast_Machine" title="Short Ride in a Fast Machine">Short Ride in a Fast Machine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slonimsky%27s_Earbox" title="Slonimsky's Earbox">Slonimsky's Earbox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza_(Adams)" title="Lollapalooza (Adams)">Lollapalooza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naive_and_Sentimental_Music" title="Naive and Sentimental Music">Naive and Sentimental Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Strange_Places" title="Guide to Strange Places">Guide to Strange Places</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Father_Knew_Charles_Ives" title="My Father Knew Charles Ives">My Father Knew Charles Ives</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Noir" title="City Noir">City Noir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wound-Dresser" title="The Wound-Dresser">The Wound-Dresser</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Adams)" title="Violin Concerto (Adams)">Violin Concerto</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eros_Piano" title="Eros Piano">Eros Piano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Century_Rolls" title="Century Rolls">Century Rolls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dharma_at_Big_Sur" title="The Dharma at Big Sur">The Dharma at Big Sur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Jest" title="Absolute Jest">Absolute Jest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxophone_Concerto_(Adams)" title="Saxophone Concerto (Adams)">Saxophone Concerto</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scheherazade.2" title="Scheherazade.2">Scheherazade.2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Must_the_Devil_Have_All_the_Good_Tunes%3F" title="Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?">Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaker_Loops" title="Shaker Loops">Shaker Loops</a></i> (string septet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chamber_Symphony_(Adams)" title="Chamber Symphony (Adams)">Chamber Symphony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John%27s_Book_of_Alleged_Dances" title="John's Book of Alleged Dances">John's Book of Alleged Dances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Road_Movies_(Adams)" title="Road Movies (Adams)">Road Movies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gnarly_Buttons" title="Gnarly Buttons">Gnarly Buttons</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ensemble works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Standard_(Adams)" title="American Standard (Adams)">American Standard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Pianola_Music" title="Grand Pianola Music">Grand Pianola Music</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Choral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Harmonium_(Adams)" title="Harmonium (Adams)">Harmonium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Klinghoffer" title="The Death of Klinghoffer">Choruses from The Death of Klinghoffer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Transmigration_of_Souls" title="On the Transmigration of Souls">On the Transmigration of Souls</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Gates" title="Phrygian Gates">Phrygian Gates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Gates" title="China Gates">China Gates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_Junction" title="Hallelujah Junction">Hallelujah Junction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Berserk" title="American Berserk">American Berserk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Still_Play" title="I Still Play">I Still Play</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film score</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Love_(film)" title="I Am Love (film)">I Am Love</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">Postmodern music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3127534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1011" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3127534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1011" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3127534#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/300000537">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13907678d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13907678d">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/09f7a2eb-39e3-4544-ab7f-18fe7ee8c066">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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