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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Papal bull</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bull regulating papal conclaves. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aeterni_Patris_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aeterni Patris (disambiguation)">Aeterni Patris (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scale_of_justice,_canon_law.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scale of justice"><img alt="Scale of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/100px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Canon law of the Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><i>Ius vigens</i> (current law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_tuendam_fidem" title="Ad tuendam fidem">Ad tuendam fidem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_corde_Ecclesiae" title="Ex corde Ecclesiae">Ex corde Ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_Doctrina" title="Indulgentiarum Doctrina">Indulgentiarum Doctrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li>Documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus" title="Christus Dominus">Christus Dominus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_gentium" title="Lumen gentium">Lumen gentium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Optatam_Totius" title="Optatam Totius">Optatam totius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium ecclesiarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis" title="Presbyterorum Ordinis">Presbyterorum ordinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precepts_of_the_Church" title="Precepts of the Church">Precepts of the Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jus_antiquum" title="Jus antiquum">Jus antiquum</a></b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 33</span>-1140) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Church Orders">Ancient Church Orders</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">The Apostolic Constitutions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_of_ancient_canons" title="Collections of ancient canons">Collections of ancient canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectiones_canonum_Dionysianae" title="Collectiones canonum Dionysianae">Collectiones canonum Dionysianae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_quadripartita" title="Collectio canonum quadripartita">Collectio canonum quadripartita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Quesnelliana" title="Collectio canonum Quesnelliana">Collectio canonum Quesnelliana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Wigorniensis" title="Collectio canonum Wigorniensis">Collectio canonum Wigorniensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Decree" title="Gelasian Decree">Gelasian Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmachian_forgeries" title="Symmachian forgeries">Symmachian forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Lay investiture controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libertas_ecclesiae" title="Libertas ecclesiae">Libertas ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plenitudo_potestatis" title="Plenitudo potestatis">Plenitudo potestatis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>-1563) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Canonici" title="Corpus Juris Canonici">Corpus Juris Canonici</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretist" title="Decretist">Decretist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canon_Episcopi" title="Canon Episcopi">Canon Episcopi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaritae" title="Margaritae">Margaritae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_commune" title="Jus commune">Jus commune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Gregory IX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretalist" title="Decretalist">Decretalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regul%C3%A6_Juris#Catholic_canonical_use" title="Regulæ Juris">Regulæ Juris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extravagantes" title="Extravagantes">Extravagantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Septimus" title="Liber Septimus">Liber Septimus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novissimum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1563</span>-1918) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)"><i>Benedictus Deus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_Sedis_moderationi" title="Apostolicae Sedis moderationi">Apostolicae Sedis moderationi</a></i></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus codicis</b></i> (1918-present) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiae_Sanctae" title="Ecclesiae Sanctae">Ecclesiae Sanctae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li></ul> <p>Other </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">Contractum trinius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_judge-delegate" title="Papal judge-delegate">Papal judge-delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Option" title="Right of Option">Right of option</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_canonical_reforms_of_Pius_XII" title="Eastern canonical reforms of Pius XII">Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomocanon" title="Nomocanon">Nomocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Exarch">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left">Latin Church <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">Mysterii Paschalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicam_sacram" title="Musicam sacram">Musicam sacram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scripturarum_thesaurus" title="Scripturarum thesaurus">Scripturarum thesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liturgiam_authenticam" title="Liturgiam authenticam">Liturgiam authenticam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacramental law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844"><i>Communicatio in sacris</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments in the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_of_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defect of birth">Defect of birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Nullity of Sacred Ordination</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">Dimissorial letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator#Catholic_Church" title="Consecrator">Episcopal consecrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">Approbation (Catholic canon law)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Confession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_canons" title="Penitential canons">Penitential canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiale_Theodori" title="Paenitentiale Theodori">Paenitentiale Theodori</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">Seal of the Confessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal and external forum (Catholic canon law)">Internal and external forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_on_the_importance_of_the_internal_forum_and_the_inviolability_of_the_Sacramental_Seal" title="Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal">Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_penitentiary" title="Canon penitentiary">Canon penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_Poenitentiae" title="Sacramentum Poenitentiae">Sacramentum Poenitentiae</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">Celebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacramental#Catholic" title="Sacramental">Sacramentals</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Sacred places </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar in the Catholic Church">Altars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)#Catholic_Church" title="Oratory (worship)">Oratory</a> (chapel)</li></ul> <p>Sacred times </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fast days and abstinence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimonial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Canonical form (Latin Church) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ne_Temere" title="Ne Temere">Ne Temere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of Nullity</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetitum" title="Vetitum">Vetitum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediments to Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Clandestinity (Catholic canon law)">Clandestinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_of_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Impediment of crime">Impediment of crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparity_of_cult" title="Disparity of cult">Disparity of cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligamen" title="Ligamen">Ligamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_propriety" title="Public propriety">Public propriety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimonial dispensation">Matrimonial dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratum_sed_non_consummatum" title="Ratum sed non consummatum">Ratum sed non consummatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Validation_of_marriage" title="Validation of marriage">Sanatio in radice</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_marriage" title="Natural marriage">Natural marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_privilege" title="Pauline privilege">Pauline privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_privilege" title="Petrine privilege">Petrine privilege</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme authority, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">particular<br />churches</a>, and canonical structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><b>Supreme authority of the Church</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Conference of bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Churches <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local particular churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Abbacy <i>nullius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese (Roman Catholic)">Diocese/Archdiocese</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeque_principaliter" title="Aeque principaliter">Aeque principaliter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_episcopi" title="In persona episcopi">In persona episcopi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Diocesan Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_chancery#Catholic_dioceses" title="Diocesan chancery">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_forane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar forane">Vicar forane</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)#Patriarchal_curia" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Eparchal curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">Mission <i>sui juris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Anglicanorum Coetibus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic persons</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Parish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_of_priests_in_solidum" title="Team of priests in solidum">Team of priests <i>in solidum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeism" title="Trusteeism">Lay trusteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Pontifical council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_membership_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of membership of Opus Dei">Types of membership of Opus Dei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Association of the Christian faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_visit_ad_limina" title="Quinquennial visit ad limina">Quinquennial visit ad limina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">Canonical coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonically_crowned_images" title="List of canonically crowned images">Canonically crowned images</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computation_of_time_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Computation of time (Catholic canon law)">Computation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delegata_potestas_non_potest_delegari" title="Delegata potestas non potest delegari">Delegata potestas non potest delegari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">Derogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Dispensation (Catholic canon law)">Dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxa_Innocentiana" title="Taxa Innocentiana">Taxa Innocentiana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Donation (Catholic canon law)">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Interpretation (Catholic canon law)">Interpretation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts">Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreption_and_subreption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)">Obreption & subreption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrogation" title="Obrogation">Obrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Resignation of the Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">Sede vacante</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony#Catholic_Church" title="Simony">Simony</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">Vacatio legis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_visitation" title="Canonical visitation">Visitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Determinatio" title="Determinatio">Determinatio</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Temporal goods (property)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benefice#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Benefice">Benefice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Contract (Catholic canon law)">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarage" title="Altarage">Stole fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporalities" title="Temporalities">Temporalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Person (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_act_of_defection_from_the_Catholic_Church" title="Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church">Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Canonical age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_emancipation" title="Ecclesiastical emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Heresy in the Catholic Church">Heresy</a></li></ul> <p>Clerics </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">Secular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_clergy" title="Regular clergy">Regular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Clerics and public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination" title="Incardination and excardination">Incardination and excardination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (dispensation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Canonical faculties</a></li></ul> <p>Office </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_provision" title="Canonical provision">Canonical provision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_election" title="Canonical election">Canonical election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic and physical persons</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">Jus patronatus</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a> </p> <br /><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Canonical documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Censor librorum</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Imprimatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">Imprimi potest</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Notary (Catholic canon law)">Notary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretal" title="Decretal">Decretal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(canon_law)#Catholic_Church" title="Ordinance (canon law)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_brief" title="Papal brief">Papal brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential" title="Penitential">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_rescripts" title="Papal rescripts">Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Penal law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1324" title="Canon 1324">Canon 1324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">Censure (Catholic canon law)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_delictis_gravioribus" title="De delictis gravioribus">De delictis gravioribus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimen_sollicitationis" title="Crimen sollicitationis">Crimen sollicitationis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">Excommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (penal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae" title="Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae"><i>Latae sententiae</i> and <i>ferendae sententiae</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_prayer_and_penance" title="Life of prayer and penance">Lifetime of prayer and penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_admonitions" title="Canonical admonitions">Canonical admonitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_prison" title="Ecclesiastical prison">Ecclesiastical prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Procedural law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i>Pars statica</i> (tribunals & ministers/parties) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical court">Tribunals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Tribunal of the Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ministers of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial Vicar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Procurator (Catholic canon law)">Procurator</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Pars dynamica</i> (trial procedure) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i> (matrimonial causes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_as_from_an_abuse" title="Appeal as from an abuse">Appeal as from an abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Presumption (Catholic canon law)">Presumption</a></li> <li>Penal procedure <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Canonization#Catholic_Church" title="Canonization">Canonization</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate"><i>Advocatus Diaboli</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oblatio_vitae" title="Oblatio vitae">Oblatio vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Positio" title="Positio">Positio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification_and_canonization_process_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatification and canonization process in 1914">Beatification and canonization process in 1914</a></li></ul> <p>Election of the Roman Pontiff </p> <ul><li>Current law <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Papal renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_exclusivae" title="Jus exclusivae">Jus exclusivae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_appointment" title="Papal appointment">Papal appointment</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quia_propter" title="Quia propter">Quia propter</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legal practice and scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canon_law_legal_abbreviations_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of canon law legal abbreviations (Catholic canon law)">List of legal abbreviations</a></li></ul> <p>Academic degrees </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Canon_Law" title="Licentiate of Canon Law">Licentiate of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">Doctor of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">Doctor of both laws</a></li></ul> <p>Journals and Professional Societies </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Law_Society_of_America" title="Canon Law Society of America">Canon Law Society of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jurist_(journal)" title="The Jurist (journal)">The Jurist</a></i></li></ul> <p>Faculties of canon law </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Canon Law">School of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <p>Canonists </p> <ul><li>Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Segusio" title="Henry of Segusio">Hostiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lemoine" title="Jean Lemoine">Jean Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_(decretist)" title="Rufinus (decretist)">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke" title="Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke">Johannes Teutonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Trani" title="Geoffrey of Trani">Geoffrey of Trani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms" title="Burchard of Worms">Burchard of Worms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocard_(law)" title="Brocard (law)">Brocard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern & Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Corecco" title="Eugenio Corecco">Eugenio Corecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Faris" title="John D. Faris">John D. Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Orsy" title="Ladislas Orsy">Ladislas Orsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclaustration" title="Exclaustration">Exclaustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_Conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestation of Conscience">Manifestation of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_erection_of_a_house_of_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical erection of a house of religious">Canonical erection of a house of religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_right" title="Pontifical right">Pontifical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_diocesan_right" title="Congregation of diocesan right">Diocesan right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institute of consecrated life</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Roman_Catholicism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicant orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerics regular">Clerics regular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_Sanctissimus" title="Cum Sanctissimus">Cum Sanctissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primo_Feliciter" title="Primo Feliciter">Primo Feliciter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_laudis" title="Decretum laudis">Decretum laudis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template talk:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Aeterni Patris Filius</b></i> (English: <i>Son of the Eternal Father</i>), also called <i><b>Aeterni Patris</b></i>, was a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">bull</a> issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV" title="Pope Gregory XV">Pope Gregory XV</a> on 15 November 1621 that regulated <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclaves">papal conclaves</a>. Together with the bull <i>Decet Romanum pontificem</i> of 1622, it formed the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">canonical</a> basis for papal elections until the 20th century. The bull brought about many reforms to the papal election system, created structured rules, and sought to decrease the influence of organized factions within the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> during the conclave as well as decrease the influence of secular monarchs on papal elections. It established general rules for the conclave process, while the later bull <i>Decet Romanum pontificem</i> addressed the ceremonial aspects of papal elections. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeterni_Patris_Filius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg/150px-Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg/225px-Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg/300px-Pope_Gregory_XV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV" title="Pope Gregory XV">Pope Gregory XV</a> issued the bull</figcaption></figure> <p>Conclave reform had been a topic that most popes since <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> had been engaged in, but to little impact because most often the pope would die before being able to issue a bull containing reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-bld145_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bld145-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary sources present <i>Aeterni Patris Filius</i> as being the culmination of reforms started by Julius with his constitution <i>Cum tam divino</i> in 1505 and continued by other popes, but more recent scholarship has questioned whether there is full continuity between the various conclave reform efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-pc105_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc105-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregory sought wide input from the reforms, and heard arguments from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federico_Borromeo" title="Federico Borromeo">Federico Borromeo</a>, who advocated for an end to <a href="/wiki/Election_by_acclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Election by acclamation">election by acclamation</a> because it made it impossible to determine how many votes were cast and prevented secrecy in the elections. Other more radical reforms were suggested, including a plan where the conclave would take place in front of the deceased pope's body, and only the top six candidates from the first round could be voted on in future scrutinies with a successive candidate being dropped each day if a pope was not elected.<sup id="cite_ref-bld145_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bld145-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this plan was seen as having an advantage of lasting at most a week, Gregory ultimately rejected it as being too radical.<sup id="cite_ref-bld145_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bld145-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reforms">Reforms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeterni_Patris_Filius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV" title="Pope Gregory XV">Gregory</a> instituted the rule that to win election by scrutiny, a candidate must secure two-thirds of the votes of the electors in the conclave in a <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a>. This reform decreased the power of the leaders of individual factions in the conclave and angered many Catholic monarchs.<sup id="cite_ref-pc106_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc106-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregory did not eliminate election by acclamation as Bellarmine and Borromeo sought, but he did make it impossible without first taking a secret ballot, and the rules set forth in the bull anticipated election by a written secret ballot. Before casting their votes, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinals</a> were required to take an oath swearing to vote for an individual they believed to be worthy of the papacy and to write their votes on pieces of paper that contained the words "I choose as Supreme Pontiff my Lord Cardinal..."<sup id="cite_ref-bld145_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bld145-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These oaths were intended to prevent cardinals from voting for their friends or casting joke ballots, while the wording of the paper ballots set the expectation that the next pope would be a cardinal, even though <i>Aeterni Patris Filius</i> did not explicitly prohibit the electors from voting for individuals who were not members of the College.<sup id="cite_ref-bld145_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bld145-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These reforms, together with Gregory's 1622 bull <i>Decet Romanum pontificem</i>, formed the basis of papal elections until the 20th century, when every pope except <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XV">Benedict XV</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_I" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul I">John Paul I</a> made changes to the rules governing papal elections.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeterni_Patris_Filius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeterni_Patris_Filius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bld145-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bld145_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bld145_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bld145_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bld145_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bld145_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaumgartner2003" class="citation book cs1">Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/behindlockeddoor00fred/page/145"><i>Behind Locked Doors</i></a></span>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/behindlockeddoor00fred/page/145">145</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-29463-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-29463-8"><bdi>0-312-29463-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+Locked+Doors&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-312-29463-8&rft.aulast=Baumgartner&rft.aufirst=Frederic+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbehindlockeddoor00fred%2Fpage%2F145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAeterni+Patris+Filius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc105-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc105_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSignorottoVisceglia2002" class="citation book cs1">Signorotto, Gianvittorio; Visceglia, Maria Antonietta (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2W1tc-wf5DQC"><i>Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139431415" title="Special:BookSources/9781139431415"><bdi>9781139431415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+and+Politics+in+Papal+Rome%2C+1492%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781139431415&rft.aulast=Signorotto&rft.aufirst=Gianvittorio&rft.au=Visceglia%2C+Maria+Antonietta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2W1tc-wf5DQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAeterni+Patris+Filius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc106-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc106_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSignorottoVisceglia2002" class="citation book cs1">Signorotto, Gianvittorio; Visceglia, Maria Antonietta (2002). <i>Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139431415" title="Special:BookSources/9781139431415"><bdi>9781139431415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+and+Politics+in+Papal+Rome%2C+1492%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781139431415&rft.aulast=Signorotto&rft.aufirst=Gianvittorio&rft.au=Visceglia%2C+Maria+Antonietta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAeterni+Patris+Filius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPham2004" class="citation book cs1">Pham, John-Peter (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heirsoffisherman00pham"><i>Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. v. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199334827" title="Special:BookSources/9780199334827"><bdi>9780199334827</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heirs+of+the+Fisherman%3A+Behind+the+Scenes+of+Papal+Death+and+Succession&rft.pages=v&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780199334827&rft.aulast=Pham&rft.aufirst=John-Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheirsoffisherman00pham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAeterni+Patris+Filius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papal_elections_and_conclaves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papal_elections_and_conclaves_from_1061" title="Template:Papal elections and conclaves from 1061"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papal_elections_and_conclaves_from_1061" title="Template talk:Papal elections and conclaves from 1061"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papal_elections_and_conclaves_from_1061" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papal elections and conclaves from 1061"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Papal_elections_and_conclaves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_conclaves" title="List of papal conclaves">Papal elections and conclaves</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papal_selection_before_1059" title="Papal selection before 1059">Papal selection before 1059</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Papal conclave</a> (1274–1276, 1294–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Elections and<br />conclaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1061_papal_election" title="1061 papal election">1061</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1073_papal_election" title="1073 papal election">1073</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1086_papal_election" title="1086 papal election">1086</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1088_papal_election" title="1088 papal election">1088</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1099_papal_election" title="1099 papal election">1099</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1118_papal_election" title="1118 papal election">1118</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1119_papal_election" title="1119 papal election">1119</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1124_papal_election" title="1124 papal election">1124</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1130_papal_election" title="1130 papal election">1130</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1143_papal_election" title="1143 papal election">1143</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1144_papal_election" title="1144 papal election">1144</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1145_papal_election" title="1145 papal election">1145</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1153_papal_election" title="1153 papal election">1153</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1154_papal_election" title="1154 papal election">1154</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1159_papal_election" title="1159 papal election">1159</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1181_papal_election" title="1181 papal election">1181</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1185_papal_election" title="1185 papal election">1185</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/October_1187_papal_election" title="October 1187 papal election">October 1187</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/December_1187_papal_election" title="December 1187 papal election">December 1187</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1191_papal_election" title="1191 papal election">1191</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1198_papal_election" title="1198 papal election">1198</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1216_papal_election" title="1216 papal election">1216</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1227_papal_election" title="1227 papal election">1227</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1241_papal_election" title="1241 papal election">1241</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1243_papal_election" title="1243 papal election">1243</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1254_papal_election" title="1254 papal election">1254</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1261_papal_election" title="1261 papal election">1261</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1264%E2%80%931265_papal_election" title="1264–1265 papal election">1264–1265</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1268%E2%80%931271_papal_election" title="1268–1271 papal election">1268–1271</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/January_1276_papal_conclave" title="January 1276 papal conclave">January 1276</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/July_1276_papal_conclave" title="July 1276 papal conclave">July 1276</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_1276_papal_election" title="September 1276 papal election">September 1276</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1277_papal_election" title="1277 papal election">1277</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1280%E2%80%931281_papal_election" title="1280–1281 papal election">1280–1281</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1285_papal_election" title="1285 papal election">1285</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1287%E2%80%931288_papal_election" title="1287–1288 papal election">1287–1288</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1292%E2%80%931294_papal_election" title="1292–1294 papal election">1292–1294</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1294_papal_conclave" title="1294 papal conclave">1294</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1303_papal_conclave" title="1303 papal conclave">1303</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1304%E2%80%931305_papal_conclave" title="1304–1305 papal conclave">1304–1305</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1314%E2%80%931316_papal_conclave" title="1314–1316 papal conclave">1314–1316</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1334_papal_conclave" title="1334 papal conclave">1334</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1342_papal_conclave" title="1342 papal conclave">1342</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1352_papal_conclave" title="1352 papal conclave">1352</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1362_papal_conclave" title="1362 papal conclave">1362</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1370_papal_conclave" title="1370 papal conclave">1370</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1378_papal_conclave" title="1378 papal conclave">1378</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1389_papal_conclave" title="1389 papal conclave">1389</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1404_papal_conclave" title="1404 papal conclave">1404</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1406_papal_conclave" title="1406 papal conclave">1406</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">1417</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1431_papal_conclave" title="1431 papal conclave">1431</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1447_papal_conclave" title="1447 papal conclave">1447</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1455_papal_conclave" title="1455 papal conclave">1455</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1458_papal_conclave" title="1458 papal conclave">1458</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1464_papal_conclave" title="1464 papal conclave">1464</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1471_papal_conclave" title="1471 papal conclave">1471</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1484_papal_conclave" title="1484 papal conclave">1484</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1492_papal_conclave" title="1492 papal conclave">1492</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_1503_papal_conclave" title="September 1503 papal conclave">September 1503</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_1503_papal_conclaves" title="Cardinal electors for the 1503 papal conclaves">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/October_1503_papal_conclave" title="October 1503 papal conclave">October 1503</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_1503_papal_conclaves" title="Cardinal electors for the 1503 papal conclaves">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1513_papal_conclave" title="1513 papal conclave">1513</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1521%E2%80%931522_papal_conclave" title="1521–1522 papal conclave">1521–1522</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1523_papal_conclave" title="1523 papal conclave">1523</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1534_papal_conclave" title="1534 papal conclave">1534</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1549%E2%80%931550_papal_conclave" title="1549–1550 papal conclave">1549–1550</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/April_1555_papal_conclave" title="April 1555 papal conclave">April 1555</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_1555_papal_conclave" title="May 1555 papal conclave">May 1555</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1559_papal_conclave" title="1559 papal conclave">1559</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1565%E2%80%931566_papal_conclave" title="1565–1566 papal conclave">1565–1566</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1572_papal_conclave" title="1572 papal conclave">1572</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1585_papal_conclave" title="1585 papal conclave">1585</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_1590_papal_conclave" title="September 1590 papal conclave">September 1590</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/October%E2%80%93December_1590_papal_conclave" title="October–December 1590 papal conclave">October–December 1590</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1591_papal_conclave" title="1591 papal conclave">1591</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1592_papal_conclave" title="1592 papal conclave">1592</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March%E2%80%93April_1605_papal_conclave" title="March–April 1605 papal conclave">March–April 1605</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_March%E2%80%93April_1605_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors for the March–April 1605 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_1605_papal_conclave" title="May 1605 papal conclave">May 1605</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_May_1605_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors for the May 1605 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1621_papal_conclave" title="1621 papal conclave">1621</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1623_papal_conclave" title="1623 papal conclave">1623</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1644_papal_conclave" title="1644 papal conclave">1644</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1655_papal_conclave" title="1655 papal conclave">1655</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1667_papal_conclave" title="1667 papal conclave">1667</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1669%E2%80%931670_papal_conclave" title="1669–1670 papal conclave">1669–1670</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1676_papal_conclave" title="1676 papal conclave">1676</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1689_papal_conclave" title="1689 papal conclave">1689</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1691_papal_conclave" title="1691 papal conclave">1691</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1700_papal_conclave" title="1700 papal conclave">1700</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1721_papal_conclave" title="1721 papal conclave">1721</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1724_papal_conclave" title="1724 papal conclave">1724</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1730_papal_conclave" title="1730 papal conclave">1730</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1740_papal_conclave" title="1740 papal conclave">1740</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1758_papal_conclave" title="1758 papal conclave">1758</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1769_papal_conclave" title="1769 papal conclave">1769</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1774%E2%80%931775_papal_conclave" title="1774–1775 papal conclave">1774–1775</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1799%E2%80%931800_papal_conclave" title="1799–1800 papal conclave">1799–1800</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1823_papal_conclave" title="1823 papal conclave">1823</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_papal_conclave" title="1829 papal conclave">1829</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1830%E2%80%931831_papal_conclave" title="1830–1831 papal conclave">1830–1831</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1846_papal_conclave" title="1846 papal conclave">1846</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1878_papal_conclave" title="1878 papal conclave">1878</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_papal_conclave" title="1903 papal conclave">1903</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1914_papal_conclave" title="1914 papal conclave">1914</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_1914_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors for the 1914 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_papal_conclave" title="1922 papal conclave">1922</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_1922_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors for the 1922 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_papal_conclave" title="1939 papal conclave">1939</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_1939_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors for the 1939 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_papal_conclave" title="1958 papal conclave">1958</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_for_the_1958_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors for the 1958 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_papal_conclave" title="1963 papal conclave">1963</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_the_1963_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_1978_papal_conclave" title="August 1978 papal conclave">August 1978</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_the_1978_papal_conclaves" title="Cardinal electors in the 1978 papal conclaves">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/October_1978_papal_conclave" title="October 1978 papal conclave">October 1978</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_the_1978_papal_conclaves" title="Cardinal electors in the 1978 papal conclaves">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_papal_conclave" title="2005 papal conclave">2005</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_the_2005_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors in the 2005 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_papal_conclave" title="2013 papal conclave">2013</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_the_2013_papal_conclave" title="Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave">electors</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Governing<br />documents<br />(selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></i> (1274)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></i> (1621)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></i> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></i> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI#De_aliquis_mutationibus_in_normis_de_electione_Romani_Pontificis" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI#Normas_nonnullas" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Normas nonnullas</a></i> (2013)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Papal_elections" title="Category:Papal elections">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pope" class="extiw" title="wikt:Pope">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Papal_conclave" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Papal conclave">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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