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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-成因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>成因</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-下蜃景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#下蜃景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>下蜃景</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-下蜃景-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关下蜃景子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-下蜃景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-高速路蜃景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#高速路蜃景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>高速路蜃景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-高速路蜃景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-上蜃景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上蜃景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>上蜃景</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-上蜃景-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关上蜃景子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-上蜃景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-複雜蜃景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#複雜蜃景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>複雜蜃景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-複雜蜃景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-天體的海市蜃樓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天體的海市蜃樓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>天體的海市蜃樓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天體的海市蜃樓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-史書記載" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史書記載"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>史書記載</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史書記載-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">海市蜃楼</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。75种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benddwimmer" title="Benddwimmer – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Benddwimmer" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="سراب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سراب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%AA%DC%97%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܗܪܗܪܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܪܗܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মৰীচিকা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মৰীচিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espeyismu" title="Espeyismu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Espeyismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0l%C4%9F%C4%B1m" title="İlğım – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İlğım" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%BA%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایلغیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلغیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Міраж – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міраж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Міраж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міраж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Мираж – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мираж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মরীচিকা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মরীচিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miratge" title="Miratge – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miratge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="СаргӀал – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="СаргӀал" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95" title="تراویلکە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تراویلکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Мираж – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мираж" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhith_yr_anial" title="Rhith yr anial – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhith yr anial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftspejling" title="Luftspejling – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luftspejling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mirage" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira%C4%9Do" title="Miraĝo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miraĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espejismo" title="Espejismo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espejismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraa%C5%BE" title="Miraaž – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Miraaž" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispilatze" title="Ispilatze – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ispilatze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="سراب – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سراب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangastus" title="Kangastus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kangastus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mirage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meabhalsc%C3%A1il" title="Meabhalscáil – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meabhalscáil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%96%27_(%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="מיראז' (תופעה אופטית) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיראז' (תופעה אופטית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मरीचिका – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मरीचिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira%C5%BE" title="Miraž – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Miraž" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mirage" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9lib%C3%A1b_(jelens%C3%A9g)" title="Délibáb (jelenség) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Délibáb (jelenség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA" title="Միրաժ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միրաժ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Օդատեսիլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Օդատեսիլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mirage" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayangan_udara" title="Bayangan udara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bayangan udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirajo" title="Mirajo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mirajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillingar" title="Hillingar – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hillingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraggio" title="Miraggio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miraggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%83%E6%B0%97%E6%A5%BC" title="蜃気楼 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蜃気楼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98" title="მირაჟი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მირაჟი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Сағым – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сағым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B8%B0%EB%A3%A8" title="신기루 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신기루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Мираж – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мираж" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miragg" title="Miragg – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Miragg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira%C5%BEas" title="Miražas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miražas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%C4%81%C5%BEa" title="Mirāža – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mirāža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="മരീചിക – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മരീചിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B3" title="मृगजळ – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मृगजळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logamaya" title="Logamaya – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logamaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="တံလျှပ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တံလျှပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luchtspiegeling" title="Luchtspiegeling – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luchtspiegeling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftspegling" title="Luftspegling – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luftspegling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftspeiling" title="Luftspeiling – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luftspeiling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miratge" title="Miratge – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Miratge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira%C5%BC" title="Miraż – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miraż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miragem" title="Miragem – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miragem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Мираж – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мираж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="मरीचिका (भौतविज्ञानम्) – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मरीचिका (भौतविज्ञानम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira%C5%BE" title="Miraž – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Miraž" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mirage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musami" title="Musami – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Musami" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirazhi" title="Mirazhi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mirazhi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira%C5%BE" title="Miraž – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Miraž" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4gring" title="Hägring – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hägring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கானல் நீர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கானல் நீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF" title="ఎండమావి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎండమావి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88" title="มิราจ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มิราจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serap" title="Serap – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Serap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%88%D3%99" title="Рәшә – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рәшә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Міраж – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міраж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarob" title="Sarob – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sarob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A2o_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" title="Ảo tượng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ảo tượng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" title="海市蜃楼 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海市蜃楼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98" title="მირაჟი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მირაჟი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A8%93" title="海市蜃樓 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海市蜃樓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q308762#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&oldid=82695454" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&id=82695454&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25B8%2582%25E8%259C%2583%25E6%25A5%25BC"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25B8%2582%25E8%259C%2583%25E6%25A5%25BC"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mirage" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q308762" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="海市蜃楼 (消歧义)">海市蜃楼 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>蜃景</b>」重定向至此。關於日本組合乃木坂46的單曲，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%83%E6%99%AF_(%E5%96%AE%E6%9B%B2)" title="蜃景 (單曲)">蜃景 (單曲)</a></b>」。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg/350px-Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg/525px-Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg/700px-Farallon_Islands_at_inferior_mirage_no_mirage_and_superior_mirage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>一個地方在六分鐘內的各種蜃景，未依照時間排序。最上面的內框顯示的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E9%9A%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法拉隆群島">法拉隆群島</a>的下蜃景，第二個內框是法拉隆群島與左方的綠閃光，最下面的三個內框和主框架顯示的是法拉隆群島的上蜃景。在這三組框架中，上蜃景從三個不同的蜃景（在兩個抬升的影象中間有一個倒置的）發展到5個蜃景，再回到2個影像的蜃景。這種顯示符合<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E8%9C%83%E6%99%AF" title="複雜蜃景">複雜蜃景</a>。除了最上面的一個，所有框架的影像都是在海拔50-70尺的高度拍攝的，最上面框架的影像是從海平面拍攝的。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>海市蜃樓</b>（又稱“蜃气楼”、“蜃楼”、“蜃景”、“蜃氣樓台”、“海市”等）是自然發生的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="光學現象">光學現象</a>，是指光線因偏折而在遙遠的距離或天空中生成虛像。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a>中称为<b>蜃景</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。古人認為是<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%83" title="蜃">蜃</a>吐出的氣息。 </p><p>英文为mirage。這個字源自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>的<i>mirare</i>，再經由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="法文">法文</a>的<i>mirage</i>而來，意思是「看見的奇景」，也就是海市蜃樓。這與「mirror」（鏡子）和「to admire」（欣賞）有著相同的字根。 </p><p>相對於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%A6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="幻覺">幻覺</a>，海市蜃樓是一種真實的光學現象，由於觀測到的位置是由實際光線<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84" title="折射">折射</a>形成的<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E5%83%8F_(%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="虛像 (光學)">虛像</a>，它可以用照相機來捕捉影像。然而，會出現甚麼樣的影像全由人類心靈解釋的能力來確定。例如，在地面的上蜃景非常容易被誤認為來自一小片水窪的反射。 </p><p>蜃景可以分類為「下蜃景」（意思是低）、「上蜃景」（意思是高，即「<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E8%9C%83%E6%99%AF" title="複雜蜃景">複雜蜃景</a>」），一種包含一系列異常複雜，垂直堆疊影像，形成快速變化蜃景的上蜃景。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="成因"><span id=".E6.88.90.E5.9B.A0"></span>成因</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：成因"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatamorganarp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fatamorganarp.png/220px-Fatamorganarp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fatamorganarp.png/330px-Fatamorganarp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fatamorganarp.png/440px-Fatamorganarp.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>大氣的折射造成海市蜃楼</figcaption></figure> <p>冷空氣的密度比暖空氣大，因此有較大的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87" title="折射率">折射率</a>。當光線由冷空氣進入有著明確邊界的暖空氣，光線會彎曲偏離溫度<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6" title="梯度">梯度</a>的方向；當光線由暖空氣進入冷空氣，它們會偏向接近梯度的方向。如果接近地面的空氣比更上面的溫暖，光線會彎曲成朝上呈現凹線的軌跡。 </p><p>一旦光線抵達觀測者的眼睛，視覺皮層將解釋成它是沿著「視線」筆直的前進，然而這條線只是它抵達人眼處弧線的切線方向。結果是天空上的下蜃景似乎是在地面上。觀測者可能會錯誤的解釋這些景象是水反射至空中的，對大腦而言，這是較為合理和常發生的。 </p><p>在地面的空氣比上層微冷的狀況，光線會被偏折朝下，產生「上蜃景」。 </p><p>「寧靜」狀態的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>垂直梯度大約是高度每升高100米，溫度變化-1℃ (數值是負的是因為溫度隨高度增加而降低)。發生蜃景的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度梯度">溫度梯度</a>必須比這個大許多。依據M. Minnaert<sup id="cite_ref-Minnaert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minnaert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，這個溫度梯度的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="量 (数学)">量級</a>至少是每米2℃，而要達到每米4℃或5℃才會出現明顯的蜃景。這些條件常出現在被強力加熱的地面，例如，當太陽一直照耀著<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="砂">砂</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="瀝青混凝土">瀝青</a>，通常就會生成下蜃景的景象。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="下蜃景"><span id=".E4.B8.8B.E8.9C.83.E6.99.AF"></span>下蜃景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：下蜃景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desertmirage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Desertmirage.jpg/220px-Desertmirage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Desertmirage.jpg/330px-Desertmirage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Desertmirage.jpg/440px-Desertmirage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>在春天的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E7%B6%AD%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="莫哈維沙漠">莫哈維沙漠</a>出現的下蜃景。</figcaption></figure> <p>前述的模型解釋了下蜃景的成因，之所以稱為「下」是因為看見的影像是在實際物體下方的緣故。真實的物體是藍天或在這一方向的遠方物體，意思是說我們看見的物體實際上是在遠方地面被藍色補綴的。對在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="沙漠">沙漠</a>中筋疲力竭的旅行者，它看起來像是湖水；在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%B2%B9%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="柏油路">柏油路</a>的道路上，它看似滿溢的水或甚至是油。這被稱為「沙漠蜃景」或「高速路蜃景」。請注意，在陽光的曝曬下砂和柏油都會變得很熱，很容易就會比上方1米的空氣熱上10℃，而足以形成蜃景。 </p><p>來自遠方特定距離物體的光線全都穿越幾乎相同的空氣層，並且全部都有相同的偏折量。因此來自物體頂端的光線將比那些來自底部的光線更低，所以這些蜃景經常是倒立的，天空增強了影像的錯覺，使得遠方物體的影象很像經過擾動的水或油坑表面作用的鏡像。 </p><p>下蜃景的影象是不穩定的。熱空氣上升和冷空氣（因為密度較高）下降，因此空氣層會混合，引起上升的湍流，圖象會因此而被扭曲。它也可能會振動、垂直擴展（高聳）或橫向擴展（水平變寬）。如果有幾層不同的溫度層，可能會混合好幾個蜃景，導致雙（重疊）的影像。在任何情況下，蜃景的高度通常不會超過半度（等同於月球或太陽的視直徑），並且與實物相距只有幾公里。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="高速路蜃景"><span id=".E9.AB.98.E9.80.9F.E8.B7.AF.E8.9C.83.E6.99.AF"></span>高速路蜃景</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：高速路蜃景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hot_road_mirage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hot_road_mirage.jpg/220px-Hot_road_mirage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hot_road_mirage.jpg/330px-Hot_road_mirage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hot_road_mirage.jpg/440px-Hot_road_mirage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>一個熱路面蜃景，在路面上的「假水」，是最常見的下蜃景例子。</figcaption></figure> <p>路面上的“水”实际上是蓝天的镜像，犹如岸上的风景在湖面的倒影，是光线反射形成的。在无风、炎热天气，路面上方会形成一个大约20厘米高的稀薄的热空气层，与其上方的冷空气交界处形成了一个反射界面，可以反射倾斜入射的阳光。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roadmirage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="高速公路上的海市蜃楼"><img alt="高速公路上的海市蜃楼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Roadmirage.jpg/120px-Roadmirage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Roadmirage.jpg/180px-Roadmirage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Roadmirage.jpg/240px-Roadmirage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">高速公路上的海市蜃楼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seamiragetrees.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="海市蜃樓現象中，有一部份的樹像消失在地平線之上"><img alt="海市蜃樓現象中，有一部份的樹像消失在地平線之上" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seamiragetrees.jpg/120px-Seamiragetrees.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seamiragetrees.jpg/180px-Seamiragetrees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Seamiragetrees.jpg/240px-Seamiragetrees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">海市蜃樓現象中，有一部份的樹像消失在地平線之上</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miragesunline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="太陽升起的瞬間，海平面出現劇烈的光線折射"><img alt="太陽升起的瞬間，海平面出現劇烈的光線折射" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Miragesunline.jpg/120px-Miragesunline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Miragesunline.jpg/180px-Miragesunline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Miragesunline.jpg/240px-Miragesunline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">太陽升起的瞬間，海平面出現劇烈的光線折射</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miragesunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="太陽升起時，海平面出現海市蜃樓現象"><img alt="太陽升起時，海平面出現海市蜃樓現象" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Miragesunrise.jpg/120px-Miragesunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Miragesunrise.jpg/180px-Miragesunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Miragesunrise.jpg/240px-Miragesunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">太陽升起時，海平面出現海市蜃樓現象</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="猶他州大鹽湖的海市蜃楼"><img alt="猶他州大鹽湖的海市蜃楼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg/120px-Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg/180px-Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg/240px-Great_Salt_Lake_Utah_USA3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猶他州">猶他州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%90%E6%B9%96" title="大盐湖">大鹽湖</a>的海市蜃楼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SekienShinkiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="鳥山石燕的《今昔百鬼拾遺》插图"><img alt="鳥山石燕的《今昔百鬼拾遺》插图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SekienShinkiro.jpg/120px-SekienShinkiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SekienShinkiro.jpg/180px-SekienShinkiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SekienShinkiro.jpg/240px-SekienShinkiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%95" title="鳥山石燕">鳥山石燕</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%98%94%E7%99%BE%E9%AC%BC%E6%8B%BE%E9%81%BA" title="今昔百鬼拾遺">今昔百鬼拾遺</a>》插图</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MirageInPenglai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="在山东省蓬莱市海面拍摄到的海市蜃楼"><img alt="在山东省蓬莱市海面拍摄到的海市蜃楼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MirageInPenglai.jpg/120px-MirageInPenglai.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MirageInPenglai.jpg/180px-MirageInPenglai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/MirageInPenglai.jpg/240px-MirageInPenglai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="山东省">山东省</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="蓬莱市">蓬莱市</a>海面拍摄到的海市蜃楼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/120px--20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="68" data-durationhint="47" data-mwtitle="20210118_Xinjiang's_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm/20210118_Xinjiang%27s_Kumtag_Desert_encounters_rare_winter_mirage.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%A7%86%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="库姆塔格沙漠">库姆塔格沙漠</a>的海市蜃楼</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="上蜃景"><span id=".E4.B8.8A.E8.9C.83.E6.99.AF"></span>上蜃景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：上蜃景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="複雜蜃景"><span id=".E8.A4.87.E9.9B.9C.E8.9C.83.E6.99.AF"></span>複雜蜃景</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：複雜蜃景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg/220px-Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg/330px-Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg/440px-Farallons_islands_miragep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption>從<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%97%A9%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="三藩市">三藩市</a>看見<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E9%9A%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="法拉隆群島">法拉隆群島</a>的一系列複雜蜃景。</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E8%9C%83%E6%99%AF" title="複雜蜃景">複雜蜃景</a></div> <p>複雜蜃景，名稱來自於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利文">義大利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E5%8B%92%E8%8F%B2" title="摩根勒菲">Morgan le Fay</a>，神話中與亞瑟王是異母姊妹的仙女，是非常複雜的上蜃景。他會更替的出現被壓縮或伸展、倒置和抬升的影像<sup id="cite_ref-An_Introduction_to_Mirages_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Introduction_to_Mirages-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。複雜蜃景也是一種快速變化的蜃景。 </p><p>複雜蜃景幾乎可以在任何區域中觀察到，但是最常見的是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a>，特別是有著一致低溫的大片冰層。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a>的複雜蜃景現象都在相對較冷的天氣被觀察到，然而在沙漠、海洋、和湖泊，可以在熱天觀察到。要生成複雜蜃景，<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%B8%A9%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="逆温层">逆溫層</a>須要對光線造成強大的偏折，在逆溫層內的偏折必須大於地球表面的曲率<sup id="cite_ref-An_Introduction_to_Mirages_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Introduction_to_Mirages-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在這樣的條件下，光線被偏折並且成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A7" title="弧">弧</a>形。一為觀測者的位置必須在其中或低於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大氣波導（页面不存在）">大氣波導</a>之下才能看見複雜蜃景<sup id="cite_ref-Atmospheric_Optics_Glossary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atmospheric_Optics_Glossary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>從海平面到高山頂，甚至在飛機上，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣層">大氣層</a>的任何<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="高度">高度</a>都可以看見複雜蜃景<sup id="cite_ref-`SUPERIOR_MIRAGE_of_cumulus_cloudtop_from_airplane_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-`SUPERIOR_MIRAGE_of_cumulus_cloudtop_from_airplane-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Annotated_bibliography_of_mirages,_green_flashes,_atmospheric_refraction,_etc._6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annotated_bibliography_of_mirages,_green_flashes,_atmospheric_refraction,_etc.-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="天體的海市蜃樓"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E9.AB.94.E7.9A.84.E6.B5.B7.E5.B8.82.E8.9C.83.E6.A8.93"></span>天體的海市蜃樓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：天體的海市蜃樓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A8%93" title="天體的海市蜃樓">天體的海市蜃樓</a></div> <p>天體的海市蜃樓是在自然界發生的一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="光學現象">光學現象</a>，光線被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="天體">天體</a>偏折而產生扭曲或多重影像。蜃景可能在這些天體上被觀測到，像是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>、明亮的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>和非常亮的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a>。最常被觀測到的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA" title="日出">日出</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%90%BD" title="日落">日落</a> 蜃景。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史書記載"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E6.9B.B8.E8.A8.98.E8.BC.89"></span>史書記載</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：史書記載"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>‧<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7028" class="extiw" title="s:史記/卷028">封禪書</a>》：「自威、宣、燕昭，使人入海求蓬萊、方丈、瀛洲。此三神山者，其傳在勃海中，去人不遠，患且至，則船風引而去。蓋嘗有至者，諸仙人及不死之藥在焉，其物禽獸盡白，而黃金白銀為宮闕。未至，望之如雲；及到，三神山反居水下；臨之，風輒引去，終莫能至。」 </p><p>宋朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%8B%AC" title="沈括">沈括</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E6%BA%AA%E7%AD%86%E8%AB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="夢溪筆談">夢溪筆談</a>》中這樣寫道：「登州海中，時有雲氣，如宮室、臺觀、城堞、人物、車馬、冠蓋，歷歷可見，謂之『海市』。或曰『蛟蜃之氣所為』<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，疑不然也。歐陽文忠曾出使河朔，過高唐縣，驛捨中夜有鬼神自空中過，車馬人畜之聲一一可辨，其說甚詳，此不具紀。問本處父老，云：『二十年前嘗晝過縣，亦歷歷見人物。』土人亦謂之『海市』，與登州所見大略相類也。」 </p><p>明朝<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%B9" title="陸容">陸容</a>《菽園雜記》：「蜃氣樓台之說，出天官書，其來遠矣。或以蜃為大蛤，月令所謂雉入大海為蜃是也。或以為蛇所化。海中此物固多有之。然海濱之地，未嘗見有樓台之狀。惟登州海市，世傳道之，疑以為蜃氣所致。蘇長公海市詩序謂其嘗出於春夏，歲晚不復見，公禱於海神之廟，明日見焉。是又以為可禱，則非蜃氣矣。」 </p><p>天启四年（1624）五月二十一日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E5%8F%AF%E7%AB%8B" title="袁可立">袁可立</a>在登州公署中看到了海市蜃楼：“睢阳袁可立为抚军，时饮楼上。忽艨艟数十扬帆来，各立介士，甲光耀目，朱旗蔽天，相顾错愕。急罢酒料理城守，而船将抵岸，忽然不见，乃知是海市。”。诗兴大发，在蓬莱阁上留下名篇《观海市诗》。 </p><p>清<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%8D%BB%E5%BB%B7" title="劉獻廷">劉獻廷</a>《廣陽雜記》：「萊陽董樵云：登州海市，不止幻樓台殿閣之形，一日見戰艦百餘，旌仗森然，且有金鼓聲。頃之，脫入水。又云，崇禎三年，樵赴登州，知府肖魚小試，適門吏報海市。蓋其俗，遇海市必擊鼓報官也。肖率諸童子往觀，見北門外長山忽穴其中，如城門然。水自內出，頃之上沸，斷山為二。自辰至午始復故。又云，涉海者云，嘗從海中望岸上，亦有樓觀人物，如岸上所見者。」 </p><p>康熙十一年（1672年）四月<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E6%9D%BE%E9%BD%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="蒲松齡">蒲松齡</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%A2%E8%B3%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="唐夢賚">唐夢賚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%8F%A9" title="高珩">高珩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%B4%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="張紱">張紱</a>、等8人東遊<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%82%E5%B1%B1" title="崂山">嶗山</a>恰好見到海市。蒲松齡受到啟發，寫了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%82%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="崂山道士">嶗山道士</a>》和《香玉》。唐夢賚在《志壑堂文集‧雜記》中記載：“壬子夏，遊嶗山，見海市。時同行者八人。初宿修真觀，曆上清、下清庵，登八仙墩，水盡山窮，連天一碧。再宿青石澗，觀日出。回至番轅嶺，微雨初晴，東望海際，一城在白雲中，堞數十仞，炮臺敵樓，歷歷可數。俄見一人青衣出，路南行，後一人肩挑雨具從之，向西望，若凝眸。吾輩諸同人方驚疑，云去時未見此城，且遷海以後寧複存此島乎？詢之土人從同行者，乃曰：‘此海市也，是為滄洲島。’一食頃，而埤堄漸低，青山露髻文，移時城山盡出，恍如夢寐矣。” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/海市蜃楼">海市蜃楼</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇軾">蘇軾</a>的《海市詩》：「東方雲海空复空，群仙出沒空明中，搖盪浮世生萬象，豈有貝闕藏珠宮？心知所見皆幻影，敢以耳目煩神工。歲寒水冷天地閉，為我起蟄鞭魚龍。」</li> <li>南宋遺民人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%99%AF%E7%86%99" title="林景熙">林景熙</a>的《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%9C%83%E8%AA%AA" class="extiw" title="s:蜃說">蜃說</a>》，全文一百多字，是描寫海市蜃楼很好的一篇散文。</li> <li>清代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E9%96%8F%E7%AB%A0" title="施閏章">施閏章</a>有《觀海市詩》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E6%9D%BE%E9%BD%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="蒲松齡">蒲松齡</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="s:山市">山市</a>》：奐山山市「高垣睥睨，連亙六七里，居然城郭矣」（《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%8A%E9%BD%8B%E5%BF%97%E7%95%B0" title="聊齋志異">聊齋志異</a>》卷十四）也是一篇海市蜃楼的記載。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mirages" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mirages"><span style="font-weight:bold;">海市蜃楼</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84" title="大氣折射">大氣折射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E8%9C%83%E6%99%AF" title="複雜蜃景">複雜蜃景</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A6%E6%9C%A7%E5%92%8C%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朦朧和相似的折射現象（页面不存在）">朦朧和相似的折射現象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A8%93" title="天體的海市蜃樓">天體的海市蜃樓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%B6%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="新地島效應">新地島效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84" title="折射">折射</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">刘青，温昌斌，海峡两岸科技名词差异问题分析与试解，中国科技术语，（3）,2008, 65-69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minnaert-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minnaert_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Minnaert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Minnaert（页面不存在）">M. Minnaert</a>; The Nature of Light and Colour in the Open Air; 1948; <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780486201962" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-486-20196-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-An_Introduction_to_Mirages-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-An_Introduction_to_Mirages_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-An_Introduction_to_Mirages_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/mirages/mirintro.html">An Introduction to Mirages</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150311192634/http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/mirages/mirintro.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by Andy Young</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atmospheric_Optics_Glossary-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atmospheric_Optics_Glossary_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/glossary.html#duct">SDSU.edu</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120124063649/http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/glossary.html#duct">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, "Atmospheric Optics Glossary" by Andy Young</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-`SUPERIOR_MIRAGE_of_cumulus_cloudtop_from_airplane-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-`SUPERIOR_MIRAGE_of_cumulus_cloudtop_from_airplane_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Durst and Bull. Met. Mag. 85. 1956: 237–242.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&rft.au=Durst+and+Bull&rft.btitle=Met.+Mag.+85&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=237-242&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annotated_bibliography_of_mirages,_green_flashes,_atmospheric_refraction,_etc.-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Annotated_bibliography_of_mirages,_green_flashes,_atmospheric_refraction,_etc._6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Andrew, Young. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/bibliog/bibliog.html">Annotated bibliography of mirages, green flashes, atmospheric refraction, etc.</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309012628/http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/bibliog/bibliog.html">存档</a>于2011-03-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&rft.aufirst=Young&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.btitle=Annotated+bibliography+of+mirages%2C+green+flashes%2C+atmospheric+refraction%2C+etc.&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmintaka.sdsu.edu%2FGF%2Fbibliog%2Fbibliog.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">蜃，大蛤蜊。傳說蜃能吐氣而形成樓臺城市等景觀。</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E8%9C%83%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/mirages/mirintro.html">All kind of mirages explained</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150311192634/http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/mirages/mirintro.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2006-05/08/content_583947.htm">China daily, rare mirage in Penglai</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090917224359/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2006-05/08/content_583947.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/supmrge.htm">The superior mirage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110607231826/http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/supmrge.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/infmrge.htm">The inferior mirage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110608061142/http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/infmrge.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218195616/http://www.sas.org/tcs/weeklyIssues/2004-09-10/gallery/index.html">The highway mirage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vinamaso.net/search/newest-first.html?searchphrase=exact&searchword=atmospheric+effects#content">All Atmospheric effects on light rays</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110424184424/http://www.vinamaso.net/search/newest-first.html?searchphrase=exact&searchword=atmospheric+effects#content">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="折射">折射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="菲涅耳方程">菲涅耳方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B6%85%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="斯涅尔定律">斯涅尔定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E9%A6%AC%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="費馬原理">費馬原理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%95%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="马吕斯定理">马吕斯定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%95%9C" title="透镜">透镜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%83%8F" title="實像">實像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E5%83%8F" title="虛像">虛像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F%E5%B7%AE" title="像差">像差</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F%E6%95%A3" title="像散">像散</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%AE" title="色差">色差</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理光学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="干涉 (物理学)">干涉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" title="衍射">衍射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="散射">散射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%B8%AB%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="雙縫實驗">双缝干涉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E8%80%B3%E5%AD%99%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA" title="迈克耳孙干涉仪">迈克耳孙干涉仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B5%AB-%E6%9B%BE%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%84%80" title="馬赫-曾德爾干涉儀">馬赫-曾德爾干涉儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C-%E7%8F%80%E7%BD%97%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA" title="法布里-珀罗干涉仪">法布里-珀罗干涉仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF-%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="惠更斯-菲涅耳原理">惠更斯-菲涅耳原理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F" title="基爾霍夫衍射公式">菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射公式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E7%A6%BE%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" title="夫琅禾费衍射">夫琅禾费衍射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" title="菲涅耳衍射">菲涅耳衍射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%A0%85" title="光栅">光栅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="瑞利散射">瑞利散射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B0%8F%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="米氏散射">米氏散射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%95%A3_(%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8)" title="色散 (光學)">色散 (光學)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF" title="偏振">偏振</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傅里叶光学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fourier optics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傅里叶光学（页面不存在）">傅里叶光学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_optics" class="extiw" title="en:Fourier optics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fourier optics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">現代光学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89" title="激光">激光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="光谱学">光谱学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子光学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性光学">非线性光学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="晶体光学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crystal optics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晶体光学（页面不存在）">晶体光学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_optics" class="extiw" title="en:Crystal optics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crystal optics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光学工程">光学工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="光子学">光子学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B0%8E%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" title="光導纖維">光導纖維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="光通訊">光通訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8" title="光学仪器">光学仪器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" title="顯微鏡">顯微鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="望远镜">望远镜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" title="大氣光學">自然光象</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%88" title="暈">暈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%97%A5" title="幻日">幻日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%9F%B1" title="光柱">日柱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%89%BF" title="日承">日承</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E8%99%B9" title="彩虹">彩虹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E8%99%B9" title="月虹">月虹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF_(%E5%85%89%E8%B1%A1)" title="華 (光象)">華</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%92%B0_(%E5%85%89%E8%B1%A1)" title="光環 (光象)">光環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E9%9B%B2" title="彩雲">彩雲</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">海市蜃楼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%96%83%E5%85%89" title="綠閃光">綠閃光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A4%A9%E9%A0%82%E5%BC%A7" title="環天頂弧">環天頂弧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E9%9C%B2%E5%AF%B6%E5%85%89" title="草露寶光">草露寶光</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">物理學者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3" title="奥古斯丁·菲涅耳">菲涅耳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9" title="约瑟夫·冯·夫琅和费">夫琅和费</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E4%BB%80%E6%9C%A8" title="伊本·海什木">海什木</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF" title="克里斯蒂安·惠更斯">惠更斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="艾萨克·牛顿">牛顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="第三代瑞利男爵約翰·斯特拉特">瑞利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%90%86%E5%8D%9A%C2%B7%E5%8F%B8%E4%B9%83%E8%80%B3" title="威理博·司乃耳">斯涅尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%A8" title="托马斯·杨">托马斯·杨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="主要天氣現象" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="Template:主要天氣現象"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:主要天氣現象（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:主要天氣現象"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="主要天氣現象" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">主要<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天氣">天氣現象</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天氣">天氣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B4%E5%A4%A9" title="晴天">晴天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E5%A4%A9" title="陰天">陰天</a></li> <li>天氣分類 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地面天氣分析" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="地上天気図#天気"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地面天氣分析（页面不存在）">國際式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%97%E5%9B%B3#天気" class="extiw" title="ja:地上天気図"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">地上天気図#天気</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地面天氣分析" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="地上天気図#日本式天気図"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地面天氣分析（页面不存在）">日本式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%97%E5%9B%B3#日本式天気図" class="extiw" title="ja:地上天気図"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">地上天気図#日本式天気図</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B0" title="霰">霰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%8F%A0" title="冰珠">冰珠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E5%A4%BE%E9%9B%AA" title="雨夾雪">霙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E9%9B%A8" title="冻雨">冻雨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BB%E7%9F%B3%E5%B0%98" title="钻石尘">钻石尘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%A8" title="毛毛雨">毛毛雨</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霧雪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Snow grains"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%A7%E9%9B%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霧雪（页面不存在）">霧雪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_grains" class="extiw" title="en:Snow grains"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Snow grains</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霪雨" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="地雨"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%AA%E9%9B%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霪雨（页面不存在）">霪雨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:地雨"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">地雨</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9F%E9%9B%A8" title="驟雨">驟雨</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="陣雪" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="驟雪"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%A3%E9%9B%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陣雪（页面不存在）">陣雪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%9F%E9%9B%AA" class="extiw" title="ja:驟雪"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">驟雪</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8" title="暴雨">暴雨</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="游擊式暴雨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guerrilla rainstorm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%B8%E6%93%8A%E5%BC%8F%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="游擊式暴雨（页面不存在）">游擊式暴雨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_rainstorm" class="extiw" title="en:Guerrilla rainstorm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guerrilla rainstorm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="相變">凝結</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="撞凍" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Accretion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%92%9E%E5%87%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="撞凍（页面不存在）">撞凍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion" class="extiw" title="en:Accretion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Accretion</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%A7" title="霧">霧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%84%E9%9C%A7" title="薄霧">靄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%BE" title="冰雾">冰雾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E6%B0%B4" title="露水">露水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BE%E5%87%87" title="雾凇">雾凇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C" title="霜">霜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E9%9B%A8" title="冻雨">冻雨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%99%B6" title="冰晶">冰晶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霜柱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Needle ice"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%9C%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霜柱（页面不存在）">霜柱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_ice" class="extiw" title="en:Needle ice"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Needle ice</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="結冰 (天氣現象)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="結氷"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%90%E5%86%B0_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="結冰 (天氣現象)（页面不存在）">結冰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%B0%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:結氷"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">結氷</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99" title="沙">大氣塵學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7" title="煙霧">煙霧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%BE" title="霾">霾</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7" title="光化學煙霧">光化學煙霧</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%98%E6%9A%B4" title="沙尘暴">沙尘暴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8" title="風">風</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%A8" title="信風">信風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%B6" title="西風帶">西風帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%B8%A6" title="极地东风带">极地东风带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%99%86%E9%A3%8E" title="海陆风">海陸風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E" title="季风">季风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%93%8A%E6%9A%B4%E6%B5%81" title="下擊暴流">下擊暴流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="龍捲風">龍捲風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="塵捲風">塵捲風</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="局部風" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="地方風"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="局部風（页面不存在）">局部風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E9%A2%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:地方風"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">地方風</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="靜風" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="凪"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9C%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靜風（页面不存在）">靜風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%AA" class="extiw" title="ja:凪"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">凪</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4" title="风暴">风暴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" title="大氣光學">大氣光學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E8%99%B9" title="彩虹">彩虹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E9%9B%B2" title="彩雲">彩雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF_(%E5%85%89%E8%B1%A1)" title="華 (光象)">華</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%92%B0_(%E5%85%89%E8%B1%A1)" title="光環 (光象)">光環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%88" title="暈">暈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%97%A5" title="幻日">幻日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A4%A9%E9%A0%82%E5%BC%A7" title="環天頂弧">環天頂弧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%89%BF" title="日承">環水平弧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%9F%B1" title="光柱">光柱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9E" title="霞">霞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%9A%99%E5%85%89" title="雲隙光">雲隙光</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">海市蜃楼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="大气电学">大气电学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%83%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="閃電">閃電</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7" title="雷">雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4" title="雷暴">雷暴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%82%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E6%94%BE%E7%94%B5" title="中高层大气放电">中高层大气放电</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%85%89" title="极光">极光</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="气旋">气旋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="低氣壓">低氣壓</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="反气旋">反气旋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="高氣壓">高氣壓</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%92_(%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1)" title="鋒 (氣象)">鋒面</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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