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"Sehr geehrte Frau"; } else if (accountSalutation === "[\"male\"]") { salutation_text_TEM = "Sehr geehrter Herr"; } /* Update custom field with new value */ fetch(config.handlerUrl + new URLSearchParams({ aid: window.tp.aid, uid: data.uid, /* replace correct form ID and custom field ID */ form_id: config.salutationForm.formName, custom_fields: JSON.stringify({ salutation_text_TEM: salutation_text_TEM }) }), { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Authorization': window.tp.pianoId.getToken(), 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8' } }).then(() => { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log(`##piano## salutation_text_TEM updated to ${salutation_text_TEM}`); } if (window.localStorage) { window.localStorage.setItem(`nzz-salutation`, data.uid); } }).catch(e => { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log(`##piano## salutation_text_TEM error: ${e}`); } }).finally(() => { if (forceReload) { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## pianoUpdateSalutation forceReload, because of source PIANOID'); } window.location.reload(); } });}; ((bT, clientCountryPreference, config) => { let tags = []; if (bT && bT.standard) { Object.keys(bT.standard).forEach(key => { tags.push([`set${key}`, bT.standard[key]]); }); } if (bT && bT.custom) { Object.keys(bT.custom).forEach(key => { tags.push(['setCustomVariable', key, bT.custom[key]]); }); } return function pianoMain() { if (!window.tp) { window.tp = window.tp || []; window.digitalData = window.digitalData || {}; window.digitalData.user = [{ profile: [{ attributes: { piano: { clientCountryCode: clientCountryPreference || 'CH' } }, profileInfo: { profileID: '', gender: '', userHash: '4defa01e671ab8c019597a9b2cc3d662' } }] }]; /* Set Application ID */ if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('%c ##piano## :VERSION V43', 'background: yellow;color:black'); } window.tp.push(['setAid', config.aid]); if (config.dmpSiteId) { window.tp.push(['setCxenseSiteId', config.dmpSiteId]); } /* Is application in sandbox */ window.tp.push(['setSandbox', config.isSandbox === 'true']); /* Does application use Piano ID? */ if (config.isSandbox === 'false') { window.tp.push(['setPianoIdUrl', 'https://id-eu.piano.io']); window.tp.push(['setEndpoint', 'https://buy-eu.piano.io/api/v3']); } else { window.tp.push(['setPianoIdUrl', 'https://sandbox.piano.io']); window.tp.push(['setEndpoint', 'https://sandbox.tinypass.com/api/v3']); } window.tp.push(['setUseTinypassAccounts', false]); window.tp.push(['setUsePianoIdUserProvider', true]); /* gift article */ try { const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); if (urlParams.has('gift_created') && new Date(urlParams.get('gift_created') / 1 * 1000) > Date.now() - 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000) { window.tp.push(['setCustomVariable', 'shared_article_valid', 'true']); } } catch (e) { console.log(e); } /* Execute when the page is first loaded */ if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('%c set tags', 'background: yellow;color:black'); } tags.forEach(function (tag) { window.tp.push(tag); }); window.tp.push(['init', function () { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('%c init piano', 'background: green;color:yellow'); } window.nzzPianoLoaded = true; window.tp.push(['addHandler', 'registrationSuccess', data => { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## registrationSuccess:'); } fetch(config.handlerUrl + new URLSearchParams({ aid: window.tp.aid, uid: data.user.sub, form_id: config.RSEvent.formName, custom_fields: JSON.stringify(config.RSEvent.params) }), { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Authorization': data.token, 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8' } }); }]); window.tp.push(['addHandler', 'loginSuccess', callbackData => { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## loginSuccess in init', callbackData.source); } window.tp.pianoId.loadExtendedUser({ extendedUserLoaded: function (data) { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## extendedUserLoaded for salutation', data); } let salutationField = null; const customFieldValues = data.custom_field_values; if (customFieldValues && customFieldValues.length > 0) { for (const field of customFieldValues) { if (field.field_name === "account_salutation") { salutationField = field; } } } let forceReload = false; if (callbackData.source == "PIANOID") { forceReload = true; } pianoUpdateSalutation(config, data, salutationField, forceReload); }, formName: 'salutation_form' }); }]); window.tp.push(['addHandler', 'checkoutCustomEvent', event => { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## onCheckoutExternalEvent'); } const params = JSON.parse(event.params.params); if (event.eventName === 'purchaseCustom' && params.pmId == 'inbas') { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## onCheckoutExternalEvent: Invoice payments'); } fetch(config.handlerUrl + new URLSearchParams({ aid: window.tp.aid, uid: window.tp.pianoId.getUser().uid, form_id: config.CEEvent.formName, custom_fields: JSON.stringify(config.CEEvent.params) }), { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Authorization': window.tp.pianoId.getToken(), 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8' } }); } else if (event.eventName == 'purchaseCustom' && params.pmId == 'inbaf') { if (window.nzzDebugPiano) { console.log('##piano## onCheckoutExternalEvent: inbaf'); } fetch(config.handlerUrl + new URLSearchParams({ aid: window.tp.aid, uid: window.tp.pianoId.getUser().uid, form_id: config.CEEventInbaf.formName, custom_fields: JSON.stringify(config.CEEventInbaf.params) }), { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Authorization': window.tp.pianoId.getToken(), 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8' } }); } }]); window.tp.push(['addHandler', 'checkoutClose', event => { if (event && event.state == "checkoutCompleted") { window.location.reload(); } }]); window.tp.push(['addHandler', 'externalCheckoutComplete', event => { /* Default behavior is to refresh the page on successful checkout */ if (event && event.state == "checkoutCompleted") { location.reload(); } }]); window.tp.push(['addHandler', 'customEvent', 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class="header-main__container header-main__container--right" style="display:;">  </div></div></div></div>   </div></div> </div> <div id="page" class="nzz-page-transition" style="opacity:1;"> <div><div data-resor="false" class="article"><section data-vars-danzz-article="" data-nzz-tid="article" data-nzz-referrer="articleLink" data-nzz-article="true" class="container container--article layout--regular adnz-infeed-placeholder"><div id="id-doc-1icfr6erj0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="header" data-vars-danzz-first-article-element="true" is-new-line-child="true" class="headline"><div class="headline__highlight"><div class="headline__inner headline__inner--highlight"> <h1 class="headline__title"> <span>Ex-BND-Chef Gerhard Schindler: «Um uns herum brennt die Welt glühend heiss, doch wir stricken Wollsocken»</span></h1></div></div> <div class="headline__inner"><p class="headline__lead">Der deutsche Auslandsdienst gehört zu den am stärksten regulierten Nachrichtendiensten der Welt. Doch immer wieder sind es ausländische Dienste, die vor Anschlägen in Deutschland warnen. Ein neues Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts lässt befürchten, dass das so bleibt.</p> <div class="progressbar__wrapper"><div class="progressbar"><div class="progressbar__line"><div class="progressbar__line--fill" style="transform:translateX(-100%);"></div></div></div></div> <div class="headline__meta"> <div class="metainfo metainfo--content"><span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Marco Seliger, Berlin</span>    <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date"><time datetime="2024-11-12T15:14:03.545Z"> 12.11.2024, 16.14 Uhr </time> <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 6 min" class="metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>6 min</span></span></span></div> <div class="headline__meta-extra"><div class="actionbar actionbar--header"> <div class="actionbar__item"><button class="actionbar__button button actionbar__button--header"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M20.5 14.13h-2.84c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v4.38c0 .55.45 1 1 1h1.84c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V12c0-4.69-3.81-8.5-8.5-8.5h0c-4.69 0-8.5 3.81-8.5 8.5v7.5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h1.84c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-4.38c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H3.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path pid="1" d="M13.86 17.54c.18-.11.18-.3 0-.42l-3.53-2.24c-.18-.11-.33-.02-.33.2v4.5c0 .22.15.32.33.2l3.53-2.24z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Hören</span></button></div>  <div class="actionbar__item actionbar__item--print"><div class="actionbar__button 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nzz-icons--fill"><path pid="0" d="M13.73 17.7c0 .58.34.73.75.34l6.71-6.44c.41-.4.41-1.04 0-1.44l-6.71-6.44c-.41-.4-.75-.24-.75.34v3.25c-6.2 0-11.23 3.59-11.23 9.98 0 1.12.15 2.19.44 3.22 1.35-4.83 5.67-6.04 10.8-6.04v3.24z" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span class="actionbar__label">Teilen</span></div></div>  <div data-nzz-tid="contextmenu-overlay" class="overlay--container"> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><figure id="id-doc-1icg0go030" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/11/12/3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?width=1200&height=800&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.66%;"><img alt="Hauptsitz des Bundesnachrichtendienstes in Berlin." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="4724" height="3149" src="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/11/12/3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?width=654&height=436&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=4724,3149,x0,y0" loading="eager" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/11/12/3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?width=680&height=453&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=4724,3149,x0,y0 680w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/11/12/3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?width=1360&height=907&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=4724,3149,x0,y0 1360w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/11/12/3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?width=327&height=218&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=4724,3149,x0,y0 327w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/11/12/3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?width=654&height=436&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=4724,3149,x0,y0 654w" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Hauptsitz des Bundesnachrichtendienstes in Berlin.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Christoph Hardt / Imago</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04et80" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text">Vor vier Jahren entschied das Bundesverfassungsgericht, dass die ganze Welt, salopp gesagt, unter dem Schutz des deutschen Grundgesetzes steht. <a href="https://www.nzz.ch/international/das-deutsche-verfassungsgericht-legt-dem-auslandsgeheimdienst-engere-zuegel-an-ld.1557262">Für Ausländer im Ausland, so hatte Deutschlands höchstes Gericht damals geurteilt, gelten bei der Kommunikationsüberwachung im Wesentlichen die gleichen Rechte wie für Personen in der Bundesrepublik.</a> Der deutsche Auslandsnachrichtendienst (BND) dürfe sie daher nicht ohne weiteres abhören oder ihre Internetkommunikation mitlesen, egal, in welchem Land sie lebten.</p><div id="id-doc-35a15599" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="barrier" is-new-line-child="true"><div id="paywall_container"></div> <div class="disabled-overlay"><div class="disabled-overlay--show--text"><h3>Optimieren Sie Ihre Browsereinstellungen</h3> <p> NZZ.ch benötigt JavaScript für wichtige Funktionen. Ihr Browser oder Adblocker verhindert dies momentan. </p> <p>Bitte passen Sie die Einstellungen an.</p></div></div></div><div id="id-doc-a8fe7a81" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="advertisement" is-new-line-child="true" class="nzzinteraction"></div><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04et90" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Der frühere BND-Chef Gerhard Schindler schrieb daraufhin, er hätte sich nicht vorstellen können, dass die Kommunikation der Taliban einmal «durch unser Grundgesetz geschützt sein würde». Auch Terroristen im Ausland müssten sich nun weniger sorgen, vom deutschen Nachrichtendienst gestört zu werden, kritisierte er damals. Das war noch weit vor dem russischen Überfall auf die Ukraine.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04eta0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Nun sind die Befugnisse des BND ein weiteres Mal eingeschränkt worden. Das höchste deutsche Gericht, das Bundesverfassungsgericht, entschied vor kurzem, dass die Überwachung der Internetkommunikation von Personen, bei denen sich die eine im Inland und die andere im Ausland befindet, durch den BND <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2024/bvg24-093.html">teilweise verfassungswidrig</a> sei. Der Bundestag muss das Gesetz für den Bundesnachrichtendienst nun erneut ändern. Dafür hat er bis Dezember 2026 Zeit.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1icg0vu000" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Spannungsfeld zwischen Privatsphäre und Sicherheit</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04eta1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Aufgabe des BND besteht darin, Informationen über das Ausland «zu gewinnen, die für die Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von Bedeutung sind». Doch seitdem Menschen im Internet kommunizieren, tut sich der Auslandsdienst immer schwerer, dieser Aufgabe nachzukommen. Der Austausch findet heute oft verschlüsselt statt. Das sorgt dafür, dass nicht jeder mitlesen kann. Es erschwert den Sicherheitsbehörden und Diensten im In- und Ausland aber auch die Gefahrenabwehr.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etc0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Wie der Staat im Spannungsfeld zwischen Privatsphäre und Sicherheitsinteresse im Internet agieren darf, ist in Deutschland weitgehend definiert. Wenn die Polizei im Inland einen Verdächtigen überwachen will, muss ein Richter zustimmen. Eine ähnliche Regelung gibt es seit dem BGH-Urteil vor vier Jahren auch für den BND im Ausland. In diesem Fall entscheidet allerdings nicht ein einzelner Richter, sondern ein Gremium mit sechs Bundesrichtern (Unabhängiger Kontrollrat).</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etd0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Der Kontrollrat existiert seit Januar 2022 und hat den Status einer obersten Bundesbehörde. Sein höchster Vertreter wird vom Bundespräsidenten berufen. Der Ex-BND-Chef Schindler sagte einmal, die Amerikaner seien in Anbetracht ihres riesigen Überwachungsapparates der NSA «mit dem Schleppnetz unterwegs», während der BND nur die Harpune nehmen könne. Der Einsatz dieser Harpune muss nun seit gut zwei Jahren jedes Mal gesondert genehmigt werden.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1icg14d1h0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Der BND als Sündenbock?</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etd1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Als Mitte Oktober dieses Jahres die Anhörung der Chefs der deutschen Nachrichtendienste im Bundestag stattfand, sagte der BND-Chef Bruno Kahl, es müsse endlich auch im Bereich der Dienste eine «Zeitenwende» geben. Kahl hatte in der Vergangenheit mehrfach auf die Folgen einer noch strikteren politischen Kontrolle und Beschränkung des BND hingewiesen. Der Dienst könne immer weniger seinen Aufgaben nachkommen, weil er durch immer neue Regelungen bürokratisiert werde. Das könne nicht im Interesse der Sicherheit Deutschlands sein.</p><figure id="id-doc-1icg3lpcv1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="image" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent image nzzinteraction" style="position:relative;"><div data-nzz-tid="image-placeholder" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/15/d5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg?width=1200&height=781&fit=crop&quality=75&auto=webp" class="image-placeholder image__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:65.07%;"><img alt="Die Chefs der drei deutschen Nachrichtendienste vor der Anhörung im Bundestag in diesem Oktober: Martina Rosenberg vom Militärischen Abschirmdienst, Thomas Haldenwang vom Bundesverfassungsschutz und Bruno Kahl vom BND." data-nzz-tid="article-image" width="6000" height="3904" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/15/d5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg?width=680&height=442&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=6000,3897,x0,y0 680w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/15/d5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg?width=1360&height=883&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=6000,3897,x0,y0 1360w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/15/d5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg?width=327&height=212&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=6000,3897,x0,y0 327w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/15/d5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg?width=654&height=425&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=6000,3897,x0,y0 654w" class="image-placeholder__image" style="cursor:pointer;transform:scale(1);">  </div> <figcaption class="articlecomponent__description"> <div class="image-description"><h2 data-nzz-tid="image-description-caption" data-team-image-caption="true" class="image-description__caption image-description__caption--large">Die Chefs der drei deutschen Nachrichtendienste vor der Anhörung im Bundestag in diesem Oktober: Martina Rosenberg vom Militärischen Abschirmdienst, Thomas Haldenwang vom Bundesverfassungsschutz und Bruno Kahl vom BND.</h2> <div class="image-description__author"><span data-nzz-tid="image-description-author" class="image-description__author-single">Bernd von Jutrczenka / DPA</span></div></div></figcaption> </figure><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etd2" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Zugleich macht die Politik Kahl und seinen Dienst immer wieder dafür verantwortlich, nicht rechtzeitig vor einschneidenden Entwicklungen gewarnt zu haben. Der Münchner BND-Fachmann Wolfgang Krieger berichtete Ende vorigen Jahres in einem Beitrag für eine französische Fachzeitschrift («Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber»), nach dem Putschversuch der Wagner-Gruppe in Russland sei in Berlin diskutiert worden, ob Kahl noch tragbar sei.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04ete0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Für Berlin, schrieb Krieger, sei es damals undenkbar gewesen, an der Stabilität des Regimes von Wladimir Putin zu zweifeln. Doch nach den Ereignissen des 24. Juni 2023, als Teile der von Jewgeni Prigoschin geführten Wagner-Gruppe nach Moskau marschierten, <a href="https://www.nzz.ch/international/nach-putschversuch-von-prigoschin-steht-der-bnd-zu-unrecht-in-der-kritik-ld.1745869">seien Fragen aufgekommen, warum der BND die Ereignisse nicht vorhergesehen habe.</a> Bundeskanzler Olaf Scholz hatte damals gesagt, der Bundesnachrichtendienst habe vom Aufstand der Wagner-Söldner «natürlich nicht vorher gewusst».</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1icg1ago50" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Ein «zahnloser Tiger»</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04ete1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Es ist unklar, ob er damit den BND schützen wollte oder ob die Aussage ironisch gemeint war. Andere Politiker übten jedoch deutliche Kritik. «Wir sind jetzt langsam zu oft von den Ereignissen überrascht worden», sagte Ralf Stegner von der SPD, Mitglied im Parlamentarischen Kontrollgremium, dem Ausschuss des Bundestages, der die Nachrichtendienste kontrolliert. Ulrich Lechte, aussenpolitischer Sprecher der FDP, klagte damals, die Informationslage des BND zum Innenleben Russlands sei offensichtlich dünn gewesen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04ete2" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Die Sicherheitsexpertin der Grünen, Sara Nanni, wollte die Fehler allerdings nicht beim BND suchen. Das sei viel zu leicht, sagte sie damals. Sie sprach vielmehr von «einer Frage der Ressourcen». Geld kann sie damit eher nicht gemeint haben. Der Etat des BND ist von 612 Millionen Euro im Jahr 2016 auf 1,03 Milliarden im Jahr 2023 angewachsen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etf0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Gemäss Fachleuten fehlt dem BND etwas anderes. Der frühere BND-Präsident August Hanning sagte vor einiger Zeit, der Dienst leide unter zu viel Aufsicht und zu wenigen Befugnissen, da er von der deutschen Politik als Sicherheitsrisiko angesehen werde. Sein Nachnachfolger Schindler ergänzte, der BND sei durch unverständlich komplizierte Aufsichtsverfahren und den allmählichen Verlust von Kompetenzen zu einem «zahnlosen Tiger» gemacht worden.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1icg1bpk90" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>«Weiterer Meilenstein zur Bürokratisierung des BND»</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etf1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts sieht Schindler nun als «weiteren Meilenstein zur Bürokratisierung des BND». Karlsruhe hätte den BND entfesseln können, habe aber das genaue Gegenteil getan. «Um uns herum brennt die Welt glühend heiss, doch wir in Deutschland stricken Wollsocken», sagte Schindler der NZZ. Auch das höchste deutsche Gericht habe nicht verstanden, was in der Welt «um uns herum» gerade vor sich gehe.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etf2" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Doch in dem Verfahren vor dem Verfassungsgericht ging es nicht um Kleinigkeiten. So darf der BND etwa Internetdaten abgreifen und analysieren. Dabei fallen ihm auch Daten ausschliesslich inländischer Kommunikation in die Hände. Die Beschwerdeführer, unter anderem ein deutscher Rechtsanwalt und Amnesty International, bemängeln, dass die «Aussonderung» dieser Daten nur unzureichend sichergestellt sei. Anders gesagt: Es muss strikter gesetzlich geregelt werden, dass der BND keinerlei Daten untersuchen darf, die aus einer innerdeutschen Kommunikation stammen.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etf3" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">In Zeiten, in denen man auch mit deutschen Handynummern aus dem Ausland telefonieren kann, wirkt der Begriff «innerdeutsche Kommunikation» allerdings unscharf. Ein Beispiel: Wenn jemand in Syrien ein Mobiltelefon mit deutscher Auslandsvorwahl oder eine deutsche IP-Adresse benutzt, um mit jemandem in Deutschland einen Terroranschlag zu planen, darf der BND diese Kommunikation, so die Kritiker, nicht überwachen. Für Gerhard Schindler ist das eine Sicherheitslücke, für die Beschwerdeführer in Karlsruhe aber eine Kompetenzüberschreitung.</p><h2 data-team-subtitle="" id="id-doc-1icg1g1m20" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="subtitle" is-new-line-child="true" class="subtitle articlecomponent nzzinteraction"><span>Ehrenamtliche kontrollieren den BND</span></h2><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etg0" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Ein weiterer Klagepunkt war die Art und Weise, wie dem BND das Abgreifen und Analysieren von Daten erlaubt wird. Bei der Inland-Ausland-Aufklärung müssen diese Massnahmen bis anhin von der sogenannten G-10-Kommission genehmigt werden. Dieses Gremium nennt sich so, weil es kontrolliert, ob die Nachrichtendienste ihre Befugnisse bei der Kommunikationsüberwachung einhalten. Im deutschen Grundgesetz ist das unter Artikel 10 (Brief-, Post- und Fernmeldegeheimnis) geregelt.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etg1" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Diese Kommission ist kein Gericht, sondern besteht in der Regel aus meist ehemaligen Politikern. Das Verfassungsgericht entschied jetzt, dass es in Anbetracht der Tragweite der Entscheidungen nicht sein könne, dass dieses Gremium überwiegend ehrenamtlich besetzt sei.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etg2" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Stattdessen fordert das Gericht eine «fachlich kompetente professionalisierte gerichtsähnliche Kontrolle». Das bedeutet, dass sich der BND künftig nicht nur die Überwachung von Ausländern im Ausland von einem mit Richtern besetzten Ausschuss genehmigen lassen muss, sondern auch die Überwachung von Verdächtigen, die sich teilweise im Inland und teilweise im Ausland befinden. Blaupause hierfür könnte der «Unabhängige Kontrollrat» sein.</p><p data-team-paragraph="" id="id-doc-1icg04etg3" content="" pagetype="Article" componenttype="p" data-vars-danzz-last-article-element="true" is-new-line-child="true" class="articlecomponent text nzzinteraction">Diese «weitere Bürokratisierung und Fesselung des BND» habe zur Folge, dass der deutsche Auslandsdienst noch weniger seiner eigentlichen Aufgabe nachkommen könne, sagt Gerhard Schindler. Das zeigte sich gerade erst wieder in Schleswig-Holstein. In Elmshorn wurde vorige Woche ein 17-Jähriger festgenommen, weil er einen Anschlag auf einen Weihnachtsmarkt geplant haben soll. 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container--moretosubject"><div class="container__header-title container__header-title--moretosubject"><span class="container__header-text container__header-text--moretosubject">Passend zum Artikel</span></div></div> <div class="widget__row widget__row--noBorder"><div data-team-more-to-subject class="widget--articlelist-a"><article data-source-element-widget="" class="teaser--article teaser--articlelist-a "><div id="id-ld_1851689" data-nzz-tid="teaser" data-nzz-ct="" class="teaser teaser__layout--longformstandard teaser--size-articlelist-a">    <div flag-item="[object Object]" flag-size="articlelist-a" class="poster poster--articlelist-a poster--articlelist-a-longformstandard"><figure class="poster__figure poster__figure--image"><a href="/pro/geheimdienste-kooperationen-mit-tech-firmen-sind-noetig-ld.1851689" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" class="teaser__link teaser__link--poster teaser__link--poster-articlelist-a"><div class="image-placeholder poster__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100%;"><img alt="Wie Geheimdienste einst spionierten: eine Wanze, die in der Sprechmuschel des Festnetztelefons platziert wurde, aus den 1980er Jahren. (Bill Foley / The Chronicle Collection / Getty)" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/192e0d19-3987-47f0-9b0b-a6cec3031ff3.jpeg?width=72&height=72&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1299,1299,x1623,y345 72w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/10/22/192e0d19-3987-47f0-9b0b-a6cec3031ff3.jpeg?width=144&height=144&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1299,1299,x1623,y345 144w" width="1299" height="1299" class="image-placeholder__image poster__image">    </div></a></figure></div>  <div class="teaser__content teaser__content--articlelist-a"><a href="/pro/geheimdienste-kooperationen-mit-tech-firmen-sind-noetig-ld.1851689" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" ordinal-number="1" class="teaser__link"><div class="teaser__wrapper">  <div class="teaser__flag teaser__flag--colored teaser__flag--articlelist-a teaser__flag--articlelist-a-longformstandard">   <svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29 16" class="icon--pro-nzz nzz-icons--icon"><path pid="0" d="M0 8a8 8 0 018-8h12.93a8 8 0 110 16H8a8 8 0 01-8-8z" fill="#121212"/><path pid="1" d="M20.81 11.8c-1.845 0-3.124-1.048-3.124-2.778s1.28-2.778 3.124-2.778c1.856 0 3.124 1.048 3.124 2.778S22.666 11.8 20.81 11.8zm-1.74-2.778c0 1.153.67 1.793 1.74 1.793 1.08 0 1.75-.64 1.75-1.793 0-1.164-.67-1.793-1.75-1.793-1.07 0-1.74.63-1.74 1.793zm-4.188-1.237c.272-.912.975-1.52 1.95-1.52.157 0 .262 0 .377.021v1.248a2.623 2.623 0 00-.42-.032c-.607 0-1.006.168-1.289.45-.409.41-.514 1.007-.514 1.636v2.055h-1.33V6.4h1.226v1.384zm-7.446 3.858H6V4.2h3.774c1.667 0 2.725.902 2.725 2.317 0 1.457-1.09 2.38-2.799 2.38H7.436v2.746zm0-3.816H9.48c.944 0 1.52-.482 1.52-1.279 0-.797-.566-1.268-1.51-1.268H7.437v2.547z" fill="#fff"/></svg></div> <h2 class="teaser__title teaser__title--articlelist-a teaser__title--longformstandard teaser__title--0">  <span class="teaser__title-name first">Geheimdienste sind privaten Firmen technologisch unterlegen. Das zwingt sie zu radikalem Umdenken</span></h2>  <div class="teaser__lead teaser__lead--articlelist-a teaser__lead--longformstandard">Nachrichtendienste müssen sich öffnen und kooperieren. Nur so können sie im technologischen Wettkampf mithalten.</div> </div>  </a> <div bookmark-type="article" bookmark-sub-type="teaser" class="metainfo metainfo--articlelist-a metainfo--longformstandard"><div class="metainfo__main metainfo__main--longformstandard"> <div class="metainfo__wrapper"> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Lukas Mäder</span> <time class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date">23.10.2024</time>  <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 6 min" class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>6 min</span></span> </div> </div> <div class="metainfo__actions metainfo__actions--longformstandard ">  </div></div> </div></div> </article><article data-source-element-widget="" class="teaser--article teaser--articlelist-a "><div id="id-ld_1850417" data-nzz-tid="teaser" data-nzz-ct="" class="teaser teaser__layout--longformstandard teaser--size-articlelist-a">    <div flag-item="[object Object]" flag-size="articlelist-a" class="poster poster--articlelist-a poster--articlelist-a-longformstandard"><figure class="poster__figure poster__figure--image"><a href="/pro/israels-geheimdienste-haben-am-7-oktober-versagt-woran-lag-das-ld.1850417" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" class="teaser__link teaser__link--poster teaser__link--poster-articlelist-a"><div class="image-placeholder poster__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100%;"><img alt="Das nachrichtendienstliche Versagen war tödlich: ein israelischer Soldat vor getöteten Hamas-Kämpfern am 7.&nbsp;Oktober. (Tsafrir Abayov / AP)" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2023/10/07/3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?width=72&height=72&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=720,720,x2935,y427 72w, https://img.nzz.ch/2023/10/07/3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?width=144&height=144&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=720,720,x2935,y427 144w" width="720" height="720" class="image-placeholder__image poster__image">    </div></a></figure></div>  <div class="teaser__content teaser__content--articlelist-a"><a href="/pro/israels-geheimdienste-haben-am-7-oktober-versagt-woran-lag-das-ld.1850417" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" ordinal-number="2" class="teaser__link"><div class="teaser__wrapper">  <div class="teaser__flag teaser__flag--colored teaser__flag--articlelist-a teaser__flag--articlelist-a-longformstandard">   <svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29 16" class="icon--pro-nzz nzz-icons--icon"><path pid="0" d="M0 8a8 8 0 018-8h12.93a8 8 0 110 16H8a8 8 0 01-8-8z" fill="#121212"/><path pid="1" d="M20.81 11.8c-1.845 0-3.124-1.048-3.124-2.778s1.28-2.778 3.124-2.778c1.856 0 3.124 1.048 3.124 2.778S22.666 11.8 20.81 11.8zm-1.74-2.778c0 1.153.67 1.793 1.74 1.793 1.08 0 1.75-.64 1.75-1.793 0-1.164-.67-1.793-1.75-1.793-1.07 0-1.74.63-1.74 1.793zm-4.188-1.237c.272-.912.975-1.52 1.95-1.52.157 0 .262 0 .377.021v1.248a2.623 2.623 0 00-.42-.032c-.607 0-1.006.168-1.289.45-.409.41-.514 1.007-.514 1.636v2.055h-1.33V6.4h1.226v1.384zm-7.446 3.858H6V4.2h3.774c1.667 0 2.725.902 2.725 2.317 0 1.457-1.09 2.38-2.799 2.38H7.436v2.746zm0-3.816H9.48c.944 0 1.52-.482 1.52-1.279 0-.797-.566-1.268-1.51-1.268H7.437v2.547z" fill="#fff"/></svg></div> <h2 class="teaser__title teaser__title--articlelist-a teaser__title--longformstandard teaser__title--1">  <span class="teaser__title-name">Wie es am 7. Oktober zum grössten Geheimdienst-Versagen in Israels Geschichte kommen konnte</span></h2>  <div class="teaser__lead teaser__lead--articlelist-a teaser__lead--longformstandard">Das Massaker der Hamas traf Israel komplett unvorbereitet. Doch im Krieg gegen den Hizbullah zeigen die israelischen Nachrichtendienste ihr Können. Woran liegt das?</div> </div>  </a> <div bookmark-type="article" bookmark-sub-type="teaser" class="metainfo metainfo--articlelist-a metainfo--longformstandard"><div class="metainfo__main metainfo__main--longformstandard"> <div class="metainfo__wrapper"> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Rewert Hoffer, Tel Aviv</span> <time class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date">11.10.2024</time>  <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 5 min" class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>5 min</span></span> </div> </div> <div class="metainfo__actions metainfo__actions--longformstandard ">  </div></div> </div></div> </article><article data-source-element-widget="" class="teaser--article teaser--articlelist-a "><div id="id-ld_1814597" data-nzz-tid="teaser" data-nzz-ct="" class="teaser teaser__layout--regular teaser--size-articlelist-a">    <div flag-item="[object Object]" flag-size="articlelist-a" class="poster poster--articlelist-a poster--articlelist-a-regular"><figure class="poster__figure poster__figure--image"><a href="/schweiz/im-schweizer-geheimdienst-herrscht-die-grosse-vertrauenskrise-ld.1814597" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" class="teaser__link teaser__link--poster teaser__link--poster-articlelist-a"><div class="image-placeholder poster__placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100%;"><img alt="Es rumort im Berner «Pentagon», dem Hauptquartier des Nachrichtendienstes des Bundes. (Peter Schneider / Keystone)" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" loading="lazy" srcset="https://img.nzz.ch/2024/02/17/17d15a82-b9bb-4b04-8171-bbf2f46c1d0d.jpeg?width=72&height=72&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2934,2934,x441,y0 72w, https://img.nzz.ch/2024/02/17/17d15a82-b9bb-4b04-8171-bbf2f46c1d0d.jpeg?width=144&height=144&fit=bounds&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=2934,2934,x441,y0 144w" width="2934" height="2934" class="image-placeholder__image poster__image">    </div></a></figure></div>  <div class="teaser__content teaser__content--articlelist-a"><a href="/schweiz/im-schweizer-geheimdienst-herrscht-die-grosse-vertrauenskrise-ld.1814597" data-nzz-referrer="articleTeaser" ordinal-number="3" class="teaser__link"><div class="teaser__wrapper">   <h2 class="teaser__title teaser__title--articlelist-a teaser__title--regular teaser__title--2">  <span class="teaser__title-name">Interne Dokumente zeigen: Im Schweizer Geheimdienst herrscht eine grosse Vertrauenskrise</span></h2>  <div class="teaser__lead teaser__lead--articlelist-a teaser__lead--regular">Die Angestellten des Nachrichtendienstes des Bundes sind massiv unzufrieden. Ein radikaler Umbau soll die Situation retten – doch bisher wird es nur schlimmer. Das schlechte Arbeitsklima ist ein Sicherheitsrisiko für die Schweiz.</div> </div>  </a> <div bookmark-type="article" bookmark-sub-type="teaser" class="metainfo metainfo--articlelist-a metainfo--regular"><div class="metainfo__main metainfo__main--regular"> <div class="metainfo__wrapper"> <span class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--author">Leo Eiholzer</span> <time class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--date">17.02.2024</time>  <span data-tooltip="Lesezeit 6 min" class="metainfo__item metainfo__item--reading-time"><svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="reading-time__icon nzz-icons--small nzz-icons--icon nzz-icons--fill"><path stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="0" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.77 7.39v5.62l3.8 1.32"/><circle stroke="currentColor" fill="none" pid="1" cx="12" cy="12" r="8.5" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" _stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> <span>6 min</span></span> </div> </div> <div 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https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nzz.ch\u002Fsuche";ew.href="\u002Fsuche";eA.standard={Tags:[aa,"classification=default","relevance=germany","layout=regular","audiotts=true","owner=nzz","product=nzz","doctype=article","pagetype=article","ldid=ld.1857070","channel=International"],ContentCreated:cD,ContentAuthor:ag,ContentSection:m,ContentIsNative:c};eA.custom={product:y,docType:v,pageType:v,layout:t,ldId:am,channel:m,heading:A,language:w};return {layout:"default",data:[{data:{content:[{component:"header",identifier:dq,id:"doc-1icfr6erj0",content:{title:A,lead:aE,author:ag},prevElement:a,nextElement:ah,firstContentElement:c},{component:dr,identifier:ah,id:"doc-1icg0go030",content:{image:{originalUrl:ds,url:ch,mediaId:dt,key:du,width:ci,height:ai,mimeType:_,altText:"Hauptsitz des Bundesnachrichtendienst BND in Berlin, welcher zuvor in Pullach stationiert war. Der Bundesnachrichtendienst in Berlin ist neben dem Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz und dem Militärischen Abschirmdienst einer der drei deutschen Nachrichtendienste des Bundes und als einziger deutscher Nachrichtendienst zuständig für die zivile und militärische Auslandsaufklärung. Das Foto entstand mit Genehmigung des BND und unter Aufsicht des Teamleiters Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der BND Stabsstelle Kommunikation Berlin, 01.04.2021 *** Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service BND in Berlin, which was previously stationed in Pullach The Federal Intelligence Service in Berlin is, along with the Federal Office for the Protection of Foto:xC.xHardtx\u002FxFuturexImage ",origins:[{name:s,identifier:dv}],imageService:aj},caption:cj,author:ck},prevElement:dq,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04et80",content:{text:"Vor vier Jahren entschied das Bundesverfassungsgericht, dass die ganze Welt, salopp gesagt, unter dem Schutz des deutschen Grundgesetzes steht. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nzz.ch\u002Finternational\u002Fdas-deutsche-verfassungsgericht-legt-dem-auslandsgeheimdienst-engere-zuegel-an-ld.1557262\"\u003EFür Ausländer im Ausland, so hatte Deutschlands höchstes Gericht damals geurteilt, gelten bei der Kommunikationsüberwachung im Wesentlichen die gleichen Rechte wie für Personen in der Bundesrepublik.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Der deutsche Auslandsnachrichtendienst (BND) dürfe sie daher nicht ohne weiteres abhören oder ihre Internetkommunikation mitlesen, egal, in welchem Land sie lebten."},prevElement:ah,nextElement:cl},{id:"doc-35a15599",identifier:cl,prevElement:d,nextElement:cm},{id:"doc-a8fe7a81",identifier:cm,paidContent:c,prevElement:cl,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04et90",content:{text:"Der frühere BND-Chef Gerhard Schindler schrieb daraufhin, er hätte sich nicht vorstellen können, dass die Kommunikation der Taliban einmal «durch unser Grundgesetz geschützt sein würde». Auch Terroristen im Ausland müssten sich nun weniger sorgen, vom deutschen Nachrichtendienst gestört zu werden, kritisierte er damals. Das war noch weit vor dem russischen Überfall auf die Ukraine."},paidContent:c,prevElement:cm,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04eta0",content:{text:"Nun sind die Befugnisse des BND ein weiteres Mal eingeschränkt worden. Das höchste deutsche Gericht, das Bundesverfassungsgericht, entschied vor kurzem, dass die Überwachung der Internetkommunikation von Personen, bei denen sich die eine im Inland und die andere im Ausland befindet, durch den BND \u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bundesverfassungsgericht.de\u002FSharedDocs\u002FPressemitteilungen\u002FDE\u002F2024\u002Fbvg24-093.html\"\u003Eteilweise verfassungswidrig\u003C\u002Fa\u003E sei. Der Bundestag muss das Gesetz für den Bundesnachrichtendienst nun erneut ändern. Dafür hat er bis Dezember 2026 Zeit."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:k},{component:aF,identifier:k,id:"doc-1icg0vu000",content:{title:"Spannungsfeld zwischen Privatsphäre und Sicherheit",id:"subtitle-spannungsfeld-zwischen-privatsph-re-und-sicherheit"},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04eta1",content:{text:"Die Aufgabe des BND besteht darin, Informationen über das Ausland «zu gewinnen, die für die Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von Bedeutung sind». Doch seitdem Menschen im Internet kommunizieren, tut sich der Auslandsdienst immer schwerer, dieser Aufgabe nachzukommen. Der Austausch findet heute oft verschlüsselt statt. Das sorgt dafür, dass nicht jeder mitlesen kann. Es erschwert den Sicherheitsbehörden und Diensten im In- und Ausland aber auch die Gefahrenabwehr."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:k,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etc0",content:{text:"Wie der Staat im Spannungsfeld zwischen Privatsphäre und Sicherheitsinteresse im Internet agieren darf, ist in Deutschland weitgehend definiert. Wenn die Polizei im Inland einen Verdächtigen überwachen will, muss ein Richter zustimmen. Eine ähnliche Regelung gibt es seit dem BGH-Urteil vor vier Jahren auch für den BND im Ausland. In diesem Fall entscheidet allerdings nicht ein einzelner Richter, sondern ein Gremium mit sechs Bundesrichtern (Unabhängiger Kontrollrat)."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etd0",content:{text:"Der Kontrollrat existiert seit Januar 2022 und hat den Status einer obersten Bundesbehörde. Sein höchster Vertreter wird vom Bundespräsidenten berufen. Der Ex-BND-Chef Schindler sagte einmal, die Amerikaner seien in Anbetracht ihres riesigen Überwachungsapparates der NSA «mit dem Schleppnetz unterwegs», während der BND nur die Harpune nehmen könne. Der Einsatz dieser Harpune muss nun seit gut zwei Jahren jedes Mal gesondert genehmigt werden."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:k},{component:aF,identifier:k,id:"doc-1icg14d1h0",content:{title:"Der BND als Sündenbock?",id:"subtitle-der-bnd-als-s-ndenbock"},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etd1",content:{text:"Als Mitte Oktober dieses Jahres die Anhörung der Chefs der deutschen Nachrichtendienste im Bundestag stattfand, sagte der BND-Chef Bruno Kahl, es müsse endlich auch im Bereich der Dienste eine «Zeitenwende» geben. Kahl hatte in der Vergangenheit mehrfach auf die Folgen einer noch strikteren politischen Kontrolle und Beschränkung des BND hingewiesen. Der Dienst könne immer weniger seinen Aufgaben nachkommen, weil er durch immer neue Regelungen bürokratisiert werde. Das könne nicht im Interesse der Sicherheit Deutschlands sein."},paidContent:c,prevElement:k,nextElement:ah},{component:dr,identifier:ah,id:"doc-1icg3lpcv1",content:{image:{originalUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F15\u002Fd5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg",url:dw,mediaId:"Dfz8XkVVBq4S",key:"2024\u002F10\u002F15\u002Fd5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg",width:6000,height:3904,mimeType:_,altText:"14.10.2024, Berlin: Martina Rosenberg (l-r), Präsidentin des Militärischen Abschirmdienstes (MAD), Thomas Haldenwang, Präsident des Bundesamts für Verfassungsschutz (BfV), und Bruno Kahl, Präsident des Bundesnachrichtendienstes (BND), kommen zur öffentlichen Sitzung des Parlamentarischen Kontrollgremiums des Deutschen Bundestages. Das Parlamentarische Kontrollgremium (PKGr) ist für die Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste des Bundes zuständig. Foto: Bernd von Jutrczenka\u002Fdpa +++ dpa-Bildfunk +++ (KEYSTONE\u002FDPA\u002FBernd von Jutrczenka)",origins:[{name:s,identifier:dx}],imageService:aj},caption:"Die Chefs der drei deutschen Nachrichtendienste vor der Anhörung im Bundestag in diesem Oktober: Martina Rosenberg vom Militärischen Abschirmdienst, Thomas Haldenwang vom Bundesverfassungsschutz und Bruno Kahl vom BND.",author:dy},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etd2",content:{text:"Zugleich macht die Politik Kahl und seinen Dienst immer wieder dafür verantwortlich, nicht rechtzeitig vor einschneidenden Entwicklungen gewarnt zu haben. Der Münchner BND-Fachmann Wolfgang Krieger berichtete Ende vorigen Jahres in einem Beitrag für eine französische Fachzeitschrift («Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber»), nach dem Putschversuch der Wagner-Gruppe in Russland sei in Berlin diskutiert worden, ob Kahl noch tragbar sei."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:ah,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04ete0",content:{text:"Für Berlin, schrieb Krieger, sei es damals undenkbar gewesen, an der Stabilität des Regimes von Wladimir Putin zu zweifeln. Doch nach den Ereignissen des 24. Juni 2023, als Teile der von Jewgeni Prigoschin geführten Wagner-Gruppe nach Moskau marschierten, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nzz.ch\u002Finternational\u002Fnach-putschversuch-von-prigoschin-steht-der-bnd-zu-unrecht-in-der-kritik-ld.1745869\"\u003Eseien Fragen aufgekommen, warum der BND die Ereignisse nicht vorhergesehen habe.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Bundeskanzler Olaf Scholz hatte damals gesagt, der Bundesnachrichtendienst habe vom Aufstand der Wagner-Söldner «natürlich nicht vorher gewusst»."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:k},{component:aF,identifier:k,id:"doc-1icg1ago50",content:{title:"Ein «zahnloser Tiger»",id:"subtitle-ein-zahnloser-tiger"},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04ete1",content:{text:"Es ist unklar, ob er damit den BND schützen wollte oder ob die Aussage ironisch gemeint war. Andere Politiker übten jedoch deutliche Kritik. «Wir sind jetzt langsam zu oft von den Ereignissen überrascht worden», sagte Ralf Stegner von der SPD, Mitglied im Parlamentarischen Kontrollgremium, dem Ausschuss des Bundestages, der die Nachrichtendienste kontrolliert. Ulrich Lechte, aussenpolitischer Sprecher der FDP, klagte damals, die Informationslage des BND zum Innenleben Russlands sei offensichtlich dünn gewesen."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:k,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04ete2",content:{text:"Die Sicherheitsexpertin der Grünen, Sara Nanni, wollte die Fehler allerdings nicht beim BND suchen. Das sei viel zu leicht, sagte sie damals. Sie sprach vielmehr von «einer Frage der Ressourcen». Geld kann sie damit eher nicht gemeint haben. Der Etat des BND ist von 612 Millionen Euro im Jahr 2016 auf 1,03 Milliarden im Jahr 2023 angewachsen."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etf0",content:{text:"Gemäss Fachleuten fehlt dem BND etwas anderes. Der frühere BND-Präsident August Hanning sagte vor einiger Zeit, der Dienst leide unter zu viel Aufsicht und zu wenigen Befugnissen, da er von der deutschen Politik als Sicherheitsrisiko angesehen werde. Sein Nachnachfolger Schindler ergänzte, der BND sei durch unverständlich komplizierte Aufsichtsverfahren und den allmählichen Verlust von Kompetenzen zu einem «zahnlosen Tiger» gemacht worden."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:k},{component:aF,identifier:k,id:"doc-1icg1bpk90",content:{title:"«Weiterer Meilenstein zur Bürokratisierung des BND»",id:"subtitle-weiterer-meilenstein-zur-b-rokratisierung-des-bnd"},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etf1",content:{text:"Das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts sieht Schindler nun als «weiteren Meilenstein zur Bürokratisierung des BND». Karlsruhe hätte den BND entfesseln können, habe aber das genaue Gegenteil getan. «Um uns herum brennt die Welt glühend heiss, doch wir in Deutschland stricken Wollsocken», sagte Schindler der NZZ. Auch das höchste deutsche Gericht habe nicht verstanden, was in der Welt «um uns herum» gerade vor sich gehe."},paidContent:c,prevElement:k,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etf2",content:{text:"Doch in dem Verfahren vor dem Verfassungsgericht ging es nicht um Kleinigkeiten. So darf der BND etwa Internetdaten abgreifen und analysieren. Dabei fallen ihm auch Daten ausschliesslich inländischer Kommunikation in die Hände. Die Beschwerdeführer, unter anderem ein deutscher Rechtsanwalt und Amnesty International, bemängeln, dass die «Aussonderung» dieser Daten nur unzureichend sichergestellt sei. Anders gesagt: Es muss strikter gesetzlich geregelt werden, dass der BND keinerlei Daten untersuchen darf, die aus einer innerdeutschen Kommunikation stammen."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etf3",content:{text:"In Zeiten, in denen man auch mit deutschen Handynummern aus dem Ausland telefonieren kann, wirkt der Begriff «innerdeutsche Kommunikation» allerdings unscharf. Ein Beispiel: Wenn jemand in Syrien ein Mobiltelefon mit deutscher Auslandsvorwahl oder eine deutsche IP-Adresse benutzt, um mit jemandem in Deutschland einen Terroranschlag zu planen, darf der BND diese Kommunikation, so die Kritiker, nicht überwachen. Für Gerhard Schindler ist das eine Sicherheitslücke, für die Beschwerdeführer in Karlsruhe aber eine Kompetenzüberschreitung."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:k},{component:aF,identifier:k,id:"doc-1icg1g1m20",content:{title:"Ehrenamtliche kontrollieren den BND",id:"subtitle-ehrenamtliche-kontrollieren-den-bnd"},contentTable:b,paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etg0",content:{text:"Ein weiterer Klagepunkt war die Art und Weise, wie dem BND das Abgreifen und Analysieren von Daten erlaubt wird. Bei der Inland-Ausland-Aufklärung müssen diese Massnahmen bis anhin von der sogenannten G-10-Kommission genehmigt werden. Dieses Gremium nennt sich so, weil es kontrolliert, ob die Nachrichtendienste ihre Befugnisse bei der Kommunikationsüberwachung einhalten. Im deutschen Grundgesetz ist das unter Artikel 10 (Brief-, Post- und Fernmeldegeheimnis) geregelt."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:k,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etg1",content:{text:"Diese Kommission ist kein Gericht, sondern besteht in der Regel aus meist ehemaligen Politikern. Das Verfassungsgericht entschied jetzt, dass es in Anbetracht der Tragweite der Entscheidungen nicht sein könne, dass dieses Gremium überwiegend ehrenamtlich besetzt sei."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etg2",content:{text:"Stattdessen fordert das Gericht eine «fachlich kompetente professionalisierte gerichtsähnliche Kontrolle». Das bedeutet, dass sich der BND künftig nicht nur die Überwachung von Ausländern im Ausland von einem mit Richtern besetzten Ausschuss genehmigen lassen muss, sondern auch die Überwachung von Verdächtigen, die sich teilweise im Inland und teilweise im Ausland befinden. Blaupause hierfür könnte der «Unabhängige Kontrollrat» sein."},data:{},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:d},{component:i,identifier:d,id:"doc-1icg04etg3",content:{text:"Diese «weitere Bürokratisierung und Fesselung des BND» habe zur Folge, dass der deutsche Auslandsdienst noch weniger seiner eigentlichen Aufgabe nachkommen könne, sagt Gerhard Schindler. Das zeigte sich gerade erst wieder in Schleswig-Holstein. In Elmshorn wurde vorige Woche ein 17-Jähriger festgenommen, weil er einen Anschlag auf einen Weihnachtsmarkt geplant haben soll. Wie schon oft in der Vergangenheit soll der Hinweis von einem ausländischen Dienst gekommen sein."},paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:cn,lastContentElement:c},{component:"sharebox",identifier:cn,id:"doc-1icfr6erj2",paidContent:c,prevElement:d,nextElement:dz},{component:"moreToSubject",identifier:dz,id:"doc-1icfr6erj3",content:{title:"Passend zum Artikel",hasArticleTags:c,relevantTopic:aG},containers:{"moreToSubject-area":[{component:co,identifier:cp,id:"doc-1icfr6erj4",content:{"link-box-embed":{service:cq,params:{type:cr,layout:[t,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,aZ,cx,cy,ak,a_,a$,cz,ba,bb,bc,bd,be],mediaId:1851689}},article:{metadata:{contentTypeGroup:al,teaserAuthor:dA,firstTitle:dB,significantUpdate:b,teaserGallery:{images:[],style:a},language:{groupId:"ZsxemHN_JyQaYTg19U4Ab",locale:w},title:dB,seoTitle:dC,nzzAuthors:[{external:b,name:"Lukas Mäder (mdr)",id:1373139,shortName:"mdr",proLitterisId:"884419"}],designName:bf,premium:c,seoSocialMediaTitle:dC,teaserCarouselStyle:a,significantUpdateTill:"2024-10-23T15:30:00.000Z",nzzEditor:[{external:b,name:"Leon Igel (igl)",id:1750700,shortName:"igl",proLitterisId:"890736"}],department:{path:x,premium:b,level:B,name:aH},publicationDate:dD,slug:"geheimdienste-kooperationen-mit-tech-firmen-sind-noetig",firstPublicationDate:dD,nzzCharacterCount:8998,authorLine:"Lukas Mäder",owner:$,lastProofreadRevision:62250727,numberOfContentComponents:34,seoDescription:"Weil Nachrichtendienste technologisch im Rückstand sind, müssen sie radikal umdenken und sich 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Doch immer wieder sind es ausländische Dienste, die vor Anschlägen in Deutschland warnen. 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Bitte prüfen Sie Ihre Internetverbindung oder versuchen Sie es später erneut.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","loginexp","ANMELDEN","bellevue","morpheus.header","image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F12\u002F3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg","QTjEwXZFR7j5","2024\u002F11\u002F12\u002F3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg","2162263075","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F10\u002F15\u002Fd5f20ed7-8540-4021-93bb-3c29ce574a59.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","2161692567","Bernd von Jutrczenka \u002F DPA","morpheus.moreToSubject","Bill Foley \u002F The Chronicle Collection \u002F Getty","Geheimdienste sind privaten Firmen technologisch unterlegen. Das zwingt sie zu radikalem Umdenken","Geheimdienste: Kooperationen mit Tech-Firmen sind nötig","2024-10-23T03:30:00.000Z","Nachrichtendienste müssen sich öffnen und kooperieren. 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Doch im Krieg gegen den Hizbullah zeigen die israelischen Nachrichtendienste ihr Können. Woran liegt das?",5616,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F10\u002F07\u002F3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?crop=5616,3159,x0,y469&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",720,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F10\u002F07\u002F3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?crop=720,720,x2935,y427&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F10\u002F07\u002F3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?crop=4992,3744,x0,y0&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",3744,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F10\u002F07\u002F3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?crop=2496,3328,x1665,y387&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2023\u002F10\u002F07\u002F3ef5ffff-5b38-4135-991b-8ac06d0efe36.jpeg?width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","ld.1850417","Peter Schneider \u002F Keystone","Die Angestellten des Nachrichtendienstes des Bundes sind massiv unzufrieden. Ein radikaler Umbau soll die Situation retten – doch bisher wird es nur schlimmer. Das schlechte Arbeitsklima ist ein Sicherheitsrisiko für die Schweiz.",4402,"ld.1814597","Es rumort im Berner «Pentagon», dem Hauptquartier des Nachrichtendienstes des Bundes.",{},{},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F12\u002F3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?crop=4724,2657,x0,y246&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F12\u002F3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?crop=3149,3149,x788,y0&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F12\u002F3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?crop=4199,3149,x263,y0&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.nzz.ch\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F12\u002F3706df5c-d219-47ee-b743-da4caf25c964.jpeg?crop=2362,3149,x1181,y0&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp",3,100,{},"Ex-BND-Chef Gerhard Schindler: «Um uns herum brennt die Welt glühend heiss, doch wir stricken Wollsocken»,International, Nachrichten, 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