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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Pemangsa" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Pemangsa" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Pemangsa" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Pemangsa" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rantai_makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rantai_makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rantai makanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rantai_makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mangsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mangsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mangsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mangsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Semut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Semut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Burung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemanfaatan_oleh_manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemanfaatan_oleh_manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pemanfaatan oleh manusia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pemanfaatan_oleh_manusia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pemanfaatan oleh manusia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pemanfaatan_oleh_manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pengendalian_hayati_untuk_pertanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengendalian_hayati_untuk_pertanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pengendalian hayati untuk pertanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengendalian_hayati_untuk_pertanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ancaman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pemangsa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 16 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="آوچی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آوچی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хищник – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хищник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pred%C3%A1tor" title="Predátor – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Predátor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4dator" title="Prädator – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prädator" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="परभक्षी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परभक्षी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamangsa" title="Pamangsa – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pamangsa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%97%C5%A1r%C5%ABnas" title="Plėšrūnas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plėšrūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Махан идэштэн – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Махан идэштэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator" title="Predator – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Predator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator" title="Predator – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Predator" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%83d%C4%83tor" title="Prădător – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prădător" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravec_(pred%C3%A1tor)" title="Dravec (predátor) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dravec (predátor)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwinda" title="Mwinda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwinda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கொன்றுண்ணல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொன்றுண்ணல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పరభక్షకాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరభక్షకాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avc%C4%B1" title="Avcı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avcı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29017578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pemangsa" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Pemangsa" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pemangsa"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pemangsa"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Pemangsa" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Pemangsa" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&oldid=23669759" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Pemangsa&id=23669759&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPemangsa"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPemangsa"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pemangsa"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pemangsa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Predation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29017578" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Pemangsaan" title="Pemangsaan">pemangsaan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Predator_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Predator (disambiguasi)">predator (disambiguasi)</a></div> <p><b>Pemangsa</b> atau <b>predator</b> adalah segala jenis <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a> yang memiliki kebiasaan memakan hewan lain. Hewan yang diburu pemangsa disebut mangsa. Pemangsa biasanya berasal dari jenis <a href="/wiki/Karnivor" title="Karnivor">karnivor</a>. Beberapa jenis pemangsa adalah <a href="/wiki/Semut" title="Semut">semut</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Burung" title="Burung">burung</a>. Keberadaan pemangsa dapat mengendalikan populasi dari suatu <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesies</a> hewan khususnya di <a href="/wiki/Lahan_pertanian" title="Lahan pertanian">lahan pertanian</a>. Pemangsa terancam keberadaannya salah satunya oleh pemakaian <a href="/wiki/Pestisida" title="Pestisida">pestisida</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rantai_makanan">Rantai makanan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Rantai makanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rantai makanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam suatu <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistem</a> terdapat kondisi di mana <a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">makhluk hidup</a> saling memakan dan dimakan. Kondisi ini pada urutan tertentu membentuk <a href="/wiki/Rantai_makanan" title="Rantai makanan">rantai makanan</a>. Terbentuknya rantai makanan disebabkan oleh keberadaan dua jenis makhluk hidup, yaitu mangsa dan pemangsa. Makhluk hidup yang menjadi pemakan disebut pemangsa. Sedangkan makhluk hidup yang jadi sasaran untuk dimakan disebut mangsa.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam rantai makanan, pemangsa umumnya disebut sebagai konsumen. Posisi pemangsa pada rantai makanan berada pada trofik tingkat menengah dan trofik puncak.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam rantai makanan, pemangsa karnivor memangsa hewan <a href="/wiki/Herbivor" title="Herbivor">herbivor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mangsa">Mangsa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Mangsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mangsa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:H18lionbuff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/H18lionbuff.jpg/200px-H18lionbuff.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/H18lionbuff.jpg/300px-H18lionbuff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/H18lionbuff.jpg/400px-H18lionbuff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Seekor <a href="/wiki/Singa" title="Singa">singa</a> betina sedang memangsa <a href="/wiki/Kerbau" title="Kerbau">kerbau</a>. Singa adalah salah satu hewan pemangsa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pemangsa membunuh mangsanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan makannya. Proses pemangsaan oleh pemangsa dapat terjadi pada tahap perkembangan apapun pada mangsa. Pemangsa biasanya melumpuhkan mangsanya terlebih dahulu sebelum memakannya. Setelah mangsanya tidak bergerak, pemangsa memakan mangsanya secara cepat. Pemangsa memerlukan mangsa lebih dari satu jenis. Pertumbuhan pemangsa dapat terjadi jika pemangsa memakan lebih dari satu jenis mangsa selama hidupnya. Hewan pemangsa yang berjenis <a href="/wiki/Karnivor" title="Karnivor">karnivor</a> memangsa hewan lain untuk memakan <a href="/wiki/Daging" title="Daging">daging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang">tulang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">telur</a> mangsanya.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemangsa secara umum merupakan hewan yang memiliki tubuh yang lebih besar dibandingkan hewan lain yang jadi mangsanya. Misalnya <a href="/wiki/Ular" title="Ular">ular</a> yang memangsa <a href="/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus">tikus</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Elang" title="Elang">elang</a> yang memakan <a href="/wiki/Kelinci" title="Kelinci">kelinci</a>. Namun, beberapa pemangsa memiliki tubuh lebih kecil dibandingkan mangsanya. Misalnya, <a href="/wiki/Harimau" title="Harimau">harimau</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Singa" title="Singa">singa</a> yang memangsa <a href="/wiki/Jerapah" title="Jerapah">jerapah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kerbau" title="Kerbau">kerbau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis">Jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semut">Semut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Semut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Semut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada ekosistem tropis, <a href="/wiki/Semut" title="Semut">semut</a> merupakan kelompok pemangsa yang penting. Kemampuan semut sebagai pemangsa adalah pengendalian hayati semut. Spesies semut yang memiliki peran besar dalam pengendalian hayati misalnya <a href="/wiki/Rangrang" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangrang">semut rangrang</a>. Kemampuannya adalah memangsa telur, larva, pupa dan imago serangga yang menjadi hama. Namun, semut dapat mengalami penurunan kemampuan bersamaan dengan perubahan struktur vegetasi di habitat hidupnya. Semut dalam hal ini berperan menjadi pengendali populasi hama. Keuntungan lainnya adalah semut mampu merekayasa ekosistem dengan <a href="/wiki/Aerasi" title="Aerasi">aerasi</a> tanah dan membuat sirkulasi nutrien menjadi lebih baik. Pada sisi lain, semut berperan merugikan di habitat tropis. Semut memiliki kemampuan menginvasi lalu menyerang dan mendominasi sehingga mengancam <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> lokal. Spesies merugikan ini misalnya semut dari spesies <i>Wasmania punctata</i> yang mengurangi keanekaragaman spesies semut lain secara drastis hingga menyebabkan kepunahan spesies semut lain.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burung">Burung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Burung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Burung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Burung" title="Burung">Burung</a> adalah jenis pemangsa dengan mangsa utama berupa serangga. Dalam ekosistem, burung berperan dalam pengendalian populasi serangga.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemanfaatan_oleh_manusia">Pemanfaatan oleh manusia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pemanfaatan oleh manusia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemanfaatan oleh manusia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengendalian_hayati_untuk_pertanian">Pengendalian hayati untuk pertanian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pengendalian hayati untuk pertanian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengendalian hayati untuk pertanian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manusia melakukan <a href="/wiki/Rekayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa">rekayasa</a> keberadaan pemangsa untuk mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/Organisme_pengganggu_tumbuhan" class="mw-disambig" title="Organisme pengganggu tumbuhan">organisme pengganggu tumbuhan</a>. Pemangsa dijadikan sebagai salah satu musuh alami bagi organisme pengganggu tumbuhan dan pengendali alami yang utama bagi hama. Manusia menggunakan pengetahuan dasar <a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">ekologi</a> tentang pengaturan alami populasi serta keseimbangan <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistem</a>. Pengendalian hayati yang dilakukan dengan pemangsa sebagai agensia hayatinya adalah pengendalian kepadatan populasi dari hama.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populasi pemangsa sebagai agen pengendali alami dalam pengendali hayati dipengaruhi dan ditentukan oleh perkembangan populasi hama.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keberadaan pemangsa hama tanaman dipertahankan dengan menyediakan lahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refugia (halaman belum tersedia)">refugia</a>. Lahan ini merupakan lahan pertanaman campuran dengan jenis tumbuhan yang berperan sebagai habitat, sumber pakan dan sumber daya bagi pemangsa hama tanaman. Beberapa jenis tanaman refugia yaitu bunga matahari, <a href="/wiki/Bunga_pukul_empat" title="Bunga pukul empat">bunga pukul empat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenikir" title="Kenikir">kenikir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapak_dara" title="Tapak dara">bunga tapak dara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jengger_ayam" title="Jengger ayam">jengger ayam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kembang_kertas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kembang kertas">kembang kertas</a>. Jenis tumbuhan lain yang dapat digunakan sebagai refugia adalah <a href="/wiki/Gulma" title="Gulma">gulma</a> yang berbunga.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keberadaan pemangsa pada sistem pertanian tidak dibudidayakan. Namun, keberadaannya menjadi pendukung <a href="/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi">produksi</a> pertanian bersama dengan mikroorganisme tanah dan <a href="/wiki/Penyerbuk" title="Penyerbuk">penyerbuk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancaman">Ancaman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Ancaman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ancaman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pestisida" title="Pestisida">Pestisida</a> yang digunakan oleh manusia untuk meningkatkan hasil produksi pertanian dapat membunuh hama sasaran. Namun, penggunaan pestisida dalam skala yang luas dapat membunuh makhluk hidup lain selain hama sasaran, termasuk pemangsa hama.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feeding_frenzy" title="Feeding frenzy">Feeding frenzy</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rifa’i, M., dan Subchan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/bitstream/handle/11617/6136/4_Mohammad%20Rifa’i%2034_41.pdf">"Analisa Kestabilan dan Kendali Optimal pada Model Pemanenan Prey Predator dengan Fungsi Repon Tipe III"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika UMS 2015</i>: 34. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-719-934-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-719-934-7">978-602-719-934-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Seminar+Nasional+Pendidikan+Matematika+UMS+2015&rft.atitle=Analisa+Kestabilan+dan+Kendali+Optimal+pada+Model+Pemanenan+Prey+Predator+dengan+Fungsi+Repon+Tipe+III&rft.pages=34&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-602-719-934-7&rft.au=Rifa%E2%80%99i%2C+M.%2C+dan+Subchan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11617%2F6136%2F4_Mohammad%2520Rifa%E2%80%99i%252034_41.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Maas, B., dkk. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merlintuttle.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Maas_etal_cacao.pdf"><i>Dampak Jasa Ekosistem yang Diberikan oleh Burung dan Kelelawar di Kebun Kakao Rakyat di Sulawesi Tengah</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Göttingen university Press. hlm. 80. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-6619-39-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-6619-39-6">978-602-6619-39-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dampak+Jasa+Ekosistem+yang+Diberikan+oleh+Burung+dan+Kelelawar+di+Kebun+Kakao+Rakyat+di+Sulawesi+Tengah&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=G%C3%B6ttingen+university+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-602-6619-39-6&rft.au=Maas%2C+B.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merlintuttle.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F06%2FMaas_etal_cacao.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rahmadina dan Febriana, H. (2017). Manalu, Kartika, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/9146/7/Buku%20Biologi%20Sel.pdf"><i>Biologi Sel: Unit Terkecil Penyusun Tubuh Makhluk Hidup</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Surabaya: CV. Selembar Papyrus. hlm. 99. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-50521-3-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-50521-3-2">978-602-50521-3-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologi+Sel%3A+Unit+Terkecil+Penyusun+Tubuh+Makhluk+Hidup&rft.place=Surabaya&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=CV.+Selembar+Papyrus&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-602-50521-3-2&rft.au=Rahmadina+dan+Febriana%2C+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.uinsu.ac.id%2F9146%2F7%2FBuku%2520Biologi%2520Sel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Subaidi, A., Hartati, S., dan Humaedah, U. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.pertanian.go.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/14089/Mengenal%20Pemangsa%20Hama%20%28Predator%29%20Pada%20Pertanaman%20Padi.pdf"><i>Mengenal Pemangsa Hama (Predator) pada Pertanaman Padi</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Bogor: Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian. hlm. 2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-1415-80-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-1415-80-4">978-979-1415-80-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mengenal+Pemangsa+Hama+%28Predator%29+pada+Pertanaman+Padi&rft.place=Bogor&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Balai+Besar+Pengkajian+dan+Pengembangan+Teknologi+Pertanian&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-979-1415-80-4&rft.au=Subaidi%2C+A.%2C+Hartati%2C+S.%2C+dan+Humaedah%2C+U.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.pertanian.go.id%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F14089%2FMengenal%2520Pemangsa%2520Hama%2520%2528Predator%2529%2520Pada%2520Pertanaman%2520Padi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jumanta (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Hewan/HhsIEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&printsec"><i>Buku Pintar Hewan: Segala yang Perlu Kita Tahu tentang Mereka</i></a>. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. hlm. 4. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-049-052-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-049-052-6">978-602-049-052-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buku+Pintar+Hewan%3A+Segala+yang+Perlu+Kita+Tahu+tentang+Mereka&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=PT+Elex+Media+Komputindo&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-602-049-052-6&rft.au=Jumanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FBuku_Pintar_Hewan%2FHhsIEAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Did%26gbpv%3D1%26printsec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Saputra, A., Arifin, Z., dan Riyanto (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnalfkip.unram.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/download/1735/1223/5438">"Pola Prilaku Keberadaan Semut Famili Formicidae pada Tepian Sungai Musi Gandus Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan"</a>. <i>Jurnal Biologi Tropis</i>. UPT Mataram University Press. <b>20</b> (1): 117. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.29303%2Fjbt.v20i1.1735">10.29303/jbt.v20i1.1735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Biologi+Tropis&rft.atitle=Pola+Prilaku+Keberadaan+Semut+Famili+Formicidae+pada+Tepian+Sungai+Musi+Gandus+Kota+Palembang+Sumatera+Selatan&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.29303%2Fjbt.v20i1.1735&rft.au=Saputra%2C+A.%2C+Arifin%2C+Z.%2C+dan+Riyanto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnalfkip.unram.ac.id%2Findex.php%2FJBT%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1735%2F1223%2F5438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kamal, Samsul (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/PBiotik/article/download/2554/1816">"Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung Predator Serangga di Kawasan Hutan Sekunder Rinon Pulo Aceh"</a>. <i>Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik 2016</i>: 174. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-18962-9-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-18962-9-7">978-602-18962-9-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Seminar+Nasional+Biotik+2016&rft.atitle=Keanekaragaman+Jenis+Burung+Predator+Serangga+di+Kawasan+Hutan+Sekunder+Rinon+Pulo+Aceh&rft.pages=174&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-602-18962-9-7&rft.aulast=Kamal&rft.aufirst=Samsul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id%2Findex.php%2FPBiotik%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F2554%2F1816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sopialena (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faperta.unmul.ac.id/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/PENGENDALIAN-HAYATI-dengan-Memberdayakan-Potensi-Mikroba.pdf"><i>Pengendalian Hhayati dengan Memberdayakan Potensi Mikroba</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Samarinda: Mulawarman University Press. hlm. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pengendalian+Hhayati+dengan+Memberdayakan+Potensi+Mikroba&rft.place=Samarinda&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Mulawarman+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Sopialena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaperta.unmul.ac.id%2Fweb%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F01%2FPENGENDALIAN-HAYATI-dengan-Memberdayakan-Potensi-Mikroba.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Herlinda, S., dan Irsan, C. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.unsri.ac.id/22638/1/Buku_Pengendalian_Hayati_Siti_Herlinda_-_Chandra_Irsan.pdf"><i>Pengendalian Hayati Hama Tumbuhan</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Palembang: Unsri Press. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/979-587-568-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/979-587-568-X">979-587-568-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pengendalian+Hayati+Hama+Tumbuhan&rft.place=Palembang&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Unsri+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=979-587-568-X&rft.au=Herlinda%2C+S.%2C+dan+Irsan%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.unsri.ac.id%2F22638%2F1%2FBuku_Pengendalian_Hayati_Siti_Herlinda_-_Chandra_Irsan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sari, D. E., dan Fitrianti (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/379978-none-fc145ba7.pdf">"Perbandingan Jenis-Jenis Arthropoda pada Lahan yang diaplikasikan Pestisida Nabati dan Refugia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Makassar</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 68. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2528-7168">2528-7168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioma%3A+Jurnal+Biologi+Makassar&rft.atitle=Perbandingan+Jenis-Jenis+Arthropoda+pada+Lahan+yang+diaplikasikan+Pestisida+Nabati+dan+Refugia&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=68&rft.date=2022&rft.issn=2528-7168&rft.au=Sari%2C+D.+E.%2C+dan+Fitrianti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.neliti.com%2Fmedia%2Fpublications%2F379978-none-fc145ba7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Saleh, Shahabuddin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fahut.untad.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2-Shahabuddin.pdf">"Manajemen Agrobiodiversitas untuk Mendukung Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biodiversity Conservation</i>: 18. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-6619-69-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-6619-69-3">978-602-6619-69-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Seminar+Nasional+Biodiversity+Conservation&rft.atitle=Manajemen+Agrobiodiversitas+untuk+Mendukung+Sistem+Pertanian+Berkelanjutan&rft.pages=18&rft.isbn=978-602-6619-69-3&rft.aulast=Saleh&rft.aufirst=Shahabuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffahut.untad.ac.id%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F04%2F2-Shahabuddin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yuantari, MG C., Widiarnako, B., dan Sunoko, H. R. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/18605627.pdf">"Tingkat Pengetahuan Petani dalam Menggunakan Pestisida: (Studi Kasus di Desa Curut Kecamatan Penawangan Kabupaten Grobogan)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 2013</i>: 142–143. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-17001-1-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-17001-1-2">978-602-17001-1-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prosiding+Seminar+Nasional+Pengelolaan+Sumberdaya+Alam+dan+Lingkungan+2013&rft.atitle=Tingkat+Pengetahuan+Petani+dalam+Menggunakan+Pestisida%3A+%28Studi+Kasus+di+Desa+Curut+Kecamatan+Penawangan+Kabupaten+Grobogan%29&rft.pages=142-143&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-602-17001-1-2&rft.au=Yuantari%2C+MG+C.%2C+Widiarnako%2C+B.%2C+dan+Sunoko%2C+H.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F18605627.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APemangsa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Lihat artikel yang sejenis untuk menentukan apa kategori yang sesuai.<br /><small>Tolong bantu <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> untuk <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&action=edit">menambahkan</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategori" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Kategori">kategori</a>. <br /><small>Tag ini diberikan pada <i>Januari 2023</i>.</small></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&oldid=23669759">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemangsa&oldid=23669759</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perilaku_makan" title="Kategori:Perilaku makan">Perilaku makan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NKC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_yang_tidak_memiliki_kategori_Juni_2023" title="Kategori:Artikel yang tidak memiliki kategori Juni 2023">Artikel yang tidak memiliki kategori Juni 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 12 Juni 2023, pukul 05.58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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