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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_Fire&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake of Fire">Lake of Fire</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place of after-death punishment of the wicked in Christianity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lake of Fire (disambiguation)">Lake of Fire (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>The <b>lake of fire</b> is a concept that appears in both the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> religions. In ancient Egypt, it appears as an obstacle on the journey through the underworld which can destroy or refresh the deceased. In Christianity, it is a place of <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">after-death</a> punishment of the wicked. The phrase is used in five verses of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. In the biblical context, the concept seems similar to the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a>. The image of the lake of fire was taken up by the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian">early Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> in about the year 230 and has continued to be used by modern Christians. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Egyptian_religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient Egyptian religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp/260px-Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp/390px-Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp/520px-Ancient_Egyptian_Lake_of_fire.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>The lake of fire in the <a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a> guarded by baboons</figcaption></figure> <p>Fiery rivers and lakes in the underworld are mentioned in works such as the <a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a> and the Egyptian <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i>. Around their edges sit flaming braziers or baboons. <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> would pass through this lake on his journey through the <a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a>, renewing his boat.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_1992_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapter 126 of the Egyptian <i>Book of the Dead</i> is associated with this vignette and the text is addressed to the "four baboons who sit in the prow of the Barque of Re."<sup id="cite_ref-Faulkner_1985_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faulkner_1985-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake was one of the dangers encountered on the journey through the Duat and had a dual nature. The baboons who guarded the pool were a force that could refresh and protect the deceased if they knew the correct recitation or destroy them if they did not. In the 21st Dynasty, human figures are depicted within the lakes. These represent enemies of the king or gods and their inclusion within the pools ensures their permanent destruction. In this way, the deceased could avoid meeting a similar fate, and be victorious over the forces of chaos like Ra.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyschou_2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyschou_2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a>, whose name means "devourer of millions" or "eater of eternity",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a hunting dog headed god from the underworld who lived in a lake of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_Hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian views on Hell">Christian views on Hell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_Hades" title="Christian views on Hades">Christian views on Hades</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_of_Revelation">Book of Revelation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Book of Revelation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zwinglibibel_(1531)_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Zwinglibibel_%281531%29_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg/250px-Zwinglibibel_%281531%29_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Zwinglibibel_%281531%29_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg/330px-Zwinglibibel_%281531%29_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Zwinglibibel_%281531%29_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg/500px-Zwinglibibel_%281531%29_Apocalypse_18_Christus_als_Sieger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>The Beast and False Prophet are thrown into the lake of fire (<a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Bible">Zürich Bible</a>, 1531)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> has five verses that mention a "lake of fire" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">λίμνη τοῦ πυρός</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">limne tou pyros</i></span>): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And <a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beast (Bible)">the beast</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was taken, and with him the <a href="/wiki/False_prophet" title="False prophet">false prophet</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the <a href="/wiki/Mark_of_the_beast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark of the beast">mark of the beast</a>, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with <a href="/wiki/Fire_and_brimstone" title="Fire and brimstone">brimstone</a>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Revelation 19:20, KJV<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And the <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">devil</a> that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Revelation 20:10, KJV<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Then Death and Hades<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were cast into the lake of fire. This is the <a href="/wiki/Second_death" title="Second death">second death</a>. And anyone not found written in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Life" title="Book of Life">Book of Life</a> was cast into the lake of fire.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Revelation 20:14–15, NKJV<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But as for the cowardly, the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, <a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Idolatry in Christianity">idolaters</a>, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Revelation 21:8, ESV<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>A commonly accepted and traditional interpretation is that the "lake of fire" is symbolic of pain of the senses, pain of loss, and perhaps loss of the senses, as punishment for wickedness.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek words translated "torment" or "tormented" in English come from the root <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">βάσανος</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">basanos</i></span> with the original meaning of "the testing of gold and silver as a medium of exchange by the proving stone" and a later connotation of a person, especially a slave, "severely tested by torture" to reveal truth. It can also have a connotation of torment or suffering. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denominational_views">Denominational views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Denominational views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Anabaptism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist Christians</a> distinguish between the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_state_(Christianity)" title="Intermediate state (Christianity)">intermediate state</a> that one enters after death, and the final state after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Heatwole2022_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heatwole2022-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>ARTICLE XVIL OF THE INTERMEDIATE STATE: We believe that in the interval between death and resurrection, the righteous will be with Christ in a state of conscious bliss and comfort, but that the wicked will be in a place of torment, in a state of conscious suffering and despair. Lu. 16:19–31; 23:43; Phil. 1:23; II Cor. 5:1–8; I Thes. 5:10; II Pet. 2:9 (R.V.). </p><p><br /> </p><p> ARTICLE XVII. OF THE FINAL STATE: We believe that hell is the place of torment, prepared for the devil and his angels, where with them the wicked will suffer the vengeance of eternal fire forever and ever and that heaven is the final abode of the righteous, where they will dwell in the fullness of joy forever and ever. Matt. 25:41, 46; Jude 7; Rev. 14:8–11; 20:10, 15; II Cor. 5:21; Rev. 21:3–8; 22:1–5. —1921 Garden City Confession of Faith (Mennonite Anabaptist)<sup id="cite_ref-Heatwole2022_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heatwole2022-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restorationism">Restorationism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Restorationism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> interpret the "lake of fire" and "second death" of the Book of Revelation as referring to a metaphor of a complete and definitive <a href="/wiki/Annihilationism" title="Annihilationism">annihilation</a> of those cast into it.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a> believe in <a href="/wiki/Annihilationism#Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Annihilationism">annihilation</a> as well. They too believe that the lake of fire passage is referring to extinction, not to an eternal place of torment. </p><p>Members of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> and other churches within the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saint Movement">Latter Day Saint Movement</a> read of a concept of the "lake of fire" in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a> in several passages. The most descriptive instance of a "lake of fire" in the Book of Mormon occurs in Jacob 6:10, which reads, "Ye must go away into that lake of fire and brimstone, whose flames are unquenchable, and whose smoke ascendeth up forever and ever, which lake of fire and brimstone is endless torment." The Book of Mormon also refers to the lake of fire as a state of <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_death" title="Spiritual death">spiritual death</a>, where there is no hope for redemption or salvation until after the resurrection or, for <a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition_(Mormonism)" title="Son of perdition (Mormonism)">sons of perdition</a>, never. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_century">Third century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 235) pictured Hades, the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Realm of the dead">abode of the dead</a>, as containing "a lake of unquenchable fire" at the edge of which the unrighteous "shudder in horror at the expectation of the future judgment, (as if they were) already feeling the power of their punishment". The lake of fire is described by Hippolytus unambiguously as the place of eternal torment for the sinners after the resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_views">20th-century views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th-century views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> Portuguese visionary <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAcia_Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúcia Santos">Lúcia Santos</a> reported that the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Fatima">Our Lady of Fatima</a>) had given her a vision of a sea of fire: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Our Lady showed us a great sea of fire which seemed to be under the earth. Plunged in this fire were demons and souls in human form, like transparent burning embers, all blackened or burnished bronze, floating about in the conflagration, now raised into the air by the flames that issued from within themselves together with great clouds of smoke, now falling back on every side like sparks in a huge fire, without weight or equilibrium, and amid shrieks and groans of pain and despair, which horrified us and made us tremble with fear.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universalist_eschatology">Universalist eschatology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Universalist eschatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian Universalists</a>, most notably <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> of Alexandria (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 184</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 253</span>), and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 335</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 395</span>), understood the lake of fire as a symbolic purifying fire used to eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Dross" title="Dross">dross</a> from the gold,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a "refiner's crucible". Origen refers to the "lead of wickedness" that must be refined out of the gold.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Origen obtained his Universalist views, known then as <a href="/wiki/Apocatastasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocatastasis">apocatastasis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from his mentor <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 215</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was a student of <a href="/wiki/Pantaenus" title="Pantaenus">Pantaenus</a>. Origen explained the refining metaphor in response to a philosopher named <a href="/wiki/Celsus" title="Celsus">Celsus</a> who accused Christians of representing God as a merciless tormentor armed with fire.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the view of Origen: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Our God is a 'consuming fire' in the sense in which we have taken the word; and thus he enters in as a 'refiner's fire' to refine the rational nature, which has been filled with the lead of wickedness, and to free it from the other impure materials which adulterate the natural gold or silver, so to speak, of the soul.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>19th-century scholar <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bigg" title="Charles Bigg">Charles Bigg</a> summarized Origen's view as, "Slowly yet certainly the blessed change must come, the purifying fire must eat up the dross and leave the pure gold. One by one we shall enter into rest, never to stray again. Then when death, the last enemy, is destroyed, when the tale of his children is complete, Christ will 'drink wine in the kingdom of his Father.' This is the end, when 'all shall be one, as Christ and the Father are one,' when 'God shall be all in all.'"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the view of Gregory of Nyssa, "when death approaches to life, and darkness to light, and the corruptible to the incorruptible, the inferior is done away with and reduced to non-existence, and the thing purged is benefited, just as the dross is purged from gold by fire."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further evidence corroborating their interpretation of the lake of fire as a "refiner's crucible" is that the Greek word commonly translated as "lake" also refers to something small, like a pond<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a "pool", as translated in the <a href="/wiki/Wycliffe%27s_Bible" title="Wycliffe's Bible">Wycliffe</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible" title="New American Bible">New American Bible</a> (NABRE).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_life_(Christianity)" title="Eternal life (Christianity)">Eternal life (Christianity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Inferno (disambiguation)">Inferno (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire_(song)" title="Lake of Fire (song)">Lake of Fire (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire_(film)" title="Lake of Fire (film)">Lake of Fire (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The King James Version of Revelation 20:14–15 and the 21st century King James Version have "hell" where some more-modern versions have "Hades" (a transliteration of the Greek word in the text).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wilkinson_1992-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_1992_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1992" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Richard H. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingegyptiana0000wilk_k5f9/page/160/mode/2up"><i>Reading Egyptian Art: a hieroglyphic guide to ancient Egyptian painting and sculpture</i></a> (1998 ed.). London, England: Thames and Hudson. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-27751-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-27751-6"><bdi>0-500-27751-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Egyptian+Art%3A+a+hieroglyphic+guide+to+ancient+Egyptian+painting+and+sculpture&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=161&rft.edition=1998&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-500-27751-6&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingegyptiana0000wilk_k5f9%2Fpage%2F160%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaulknerGoeletAndrews1994" class="citation book cs1">Faulkner, Raymond O.; Goelet, Ogden Jr.; Andrews, Carol A. R. (1994). Dassow, Eva von (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/egyptianbookofde0000unse/page/168/mode/1up"><i>The Egyptian Book of the Dead: the Book of Going Forth by Day</i></a>. San Francisco, California: Chronicle Books. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-0767-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-0767-8"><bdi>978-0-8118-0767-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Egyptian+Book+of+the+Dead%3A+the+Book+of+Going+Forth+by+Day&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-0767-8&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=Raymond+O.&rft.au=Goelet%2C+Ogden+Jr.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Carol+A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fegyptianbookofde0000unse%2Fpage%2F168%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faulkner_1985-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Faulkner_1985_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaulkner1985" class="citation book cs1">Faulkner, R. O. (1985). Andrews, Carol (ed.). <i>The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead</i> (1993 ed.). London, England: British Museum Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-0946-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-0946-0"><bdi>0-7141-0946-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Egyptian+Book+of+the+Dead&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=115&rft.edition=1993&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-7141-0946-0&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=R.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyschou_2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boyschou_2011_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoyschou2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Boyschou, Melissa (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4856449"><i>Destruction by Fire: Interpreting the Lake of Fire Vignette from Two Twenty-First Dynasty Funerary Papyri</i></a> (MA). University of Memphis. pp. V, <span class="nowrap">61–</span>64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Destruction+by+Fire%3A+Interpreting+the+Lake+of+Fire+Vignette+from+Two+Twenty-First+Dynasty+Funerary+Papyri.&rft.inst=University+of+Memphis&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Boyschou&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4856449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudge1911" class="citation book cs1">Budge, E. A. Wallis (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-VtnQAACAAJ&q=A+Hieroglyphic+Vocabulary+to+the+Theban+Recension+of+the+Book+of+the+Dead"><i>A Hieroglyphic Vocabulary to the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead</i></a>. AMS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780404113353" title="Special:BookSources/9780404113353"><bdi>9780404113353</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hieroglyphic+Vocabulary+to+the+Theban+Recension+of+the+Book+of+the+Dead&rft.pub=AMS+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=9780404113353&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+Wallis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS-VtnQAACAAJ%26q%3DA%2BHieroglyphic%2BVocabulary%2Bto%2Bthe%2BTheban%2BRecension%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBook%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/10-lesser-known-egyptian-gods-that-are-absolutely-terri-1686254637">"gizmodo.com"</a>. <i>Gizmodo</i>. 17 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=gizmodo.com&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2F10-lesser-known-egyptian-gods-that-are-absolutely-terri-1686254637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2011:7&version=nrsv">Revelation 11:7</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2013:1–4&version=nrsv">Revelation 13:1–4</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2013:11–18&version=nrsv">Revelation 13:11–18</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2014:9–11&version=nrsv">Revelation 14:9–11</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2015:2&version=nrsv">Revelation 15:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2016:2&version=nrsv">Revelation 16:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2016:10–13&version=nrsv">Revelation 16:10–13</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2017:3–17&version=nrsv">Revelation 17:3–17</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2019:19&version=nrsv">Revelation 19:19</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2020:4&version=nrsv">Revelation 20:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2016:13&version=nrsv">Revelation 16:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#19:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 19:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#20:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 20:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+20:14–15&version=nkjv">Revelation 20:14–15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Revelation+21:8">Revelation 21:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicaltheology.org/lof.pdf">The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. III:1822</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeale1999" class="citation book cs1">Beale, G. K. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HjKUiljUwcUC"><i>The Book of Revelation</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 1035. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2174-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2174-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2174-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Revelation&rft.pages=1035&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2174-4&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=G.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHjKUiljUwcUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLadd1972" class="citation book cs1">Ladd, George Eldon (1972-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1RCZ94_HwwC"><i>A Commentary on the Revelation of John</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-1684-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-1684-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-1684-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Commentary+on+the+Revelation+of+John&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1972-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-1684-9&rft.aulast=Ladd&rft.aufirst=George+Eldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1RCZ94_HwwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLockyer1964" class="citation book cs1">Lockyer, Herbert (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BywUZArOxMkC"><i>All the Doctrines of the Bible: A Study and Analysis of Major Bible Doctrines</i></a>. Harper Collins. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28051-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28051-4"><bdi>978-0-310-28051-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Doctrines+of+the+Bible%3A+A+Study+and+Analysis+of+Major+Bible+Doctrines&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-310-28051-4&rft.aulast=Lockyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBywUZArOxMkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revelationcommentary.org/19_chapter.html">"Revelation Commentary: Chapter Nineteen"</a>. <i>www.revelationcommentary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.revelationcommentary.org&rft.atitle=Revelation+Commentary%3A+Chapter+Nineteen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revelationcommentary.org%2F19_chapter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichison,_Dr." class="citation web cs1">Richison, Dr., Grant T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://versebyversecommentary.com/1999/01/30/revelation-2013-14/">"Revelation 20:13-14 | Bible Exposition Commentary"</a>. <i>versebyversecommentary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=versebyversecommentary.com&rft.atitle=Revelation+20%3A13-14+%7C+Bible+Exposition+Commentary&rft.aulast=Richison%2C+Dr.&rft.aufirst=Grant+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fversebyversecommentary.com%2F1999%2F01%2F30%2Frevelation-2013-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKittel1964" class="citation book cs1">Kittel, Gerhard, ed. (1964). <i>Theological Dictionary of the New Testament</i>. Vol. 1. Geoffrey W. Bromiley, Translator. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">561–</span>563.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E561-%3C%2Fspan%3E563&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heatwole2022-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heatwole2022_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heatwole2022_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeatwole2022" class="citation book cs1">Heatwole, Lewis James (15 September 2022). <i>Mennonite Handbook of Information</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mennonite+Handbook+of+Information&rft.date=2022-09-15&rft.aulast=Heatwole&rft.aufirst=Lewis+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"What Really is Hell?". <i>The Watchtower</i>: <span class="nowrap">5–</span>7. July 15, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Watchtower&rft.atitle=What+Really+is+Hell%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2002-07-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHippolytus" class="citation web cs1">Hippolytus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0520.htm">"CHURCH FATHERS: Against Plato, On the Cause of the Universe"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CHURCH+FATHERS%3A+Against+Plato%2C+On+the+Cause+of+the+Universe&rft.au=Hippolytus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F0520.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fatima In Lucia's Own Words, Lucia de Jesus (1995), The Ravengate Press, pp. 101, 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBigg1913" class="citation book cs1">Bigg, Charles (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/thechristianplat00bigguoft"><i>The Christian Platonists of Alexandria</i></a>. Kelly – University of Toronto. Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 279.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Platonists+of+Alexandria&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Oxford+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Bigg&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthechristianplat00bigguoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanson1899" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, John Wesley (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/universalismpre00hansgoog"><i>Universalism, the prevailing doctrine of the Christian church during its first five hundred years; with authorities and extracts</i></a>. Harvard University. Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois: Universalist publishing house. p. 151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universalism%2C+the+prevailing+doctrine+of+the+Christian+church+during+its+first+five+hundred+years%3B+with+authorities+and+extracts&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts%3B+Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Universalist+publishing+house&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=John+Wesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversalismpre00hansgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apokatastasis: Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5881.15-origen-eusebius-the-doctrine-of-apokatastasis-and-its-relation-to-christology-ilaria-ramelli">https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5881.15-origen-eusebius-the-doctrine-of-apokatastasis-and-its-relation-to-christology-ilaria-ramelli</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809152801/https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5881.15-origen-eusebius-the-doctrine-of-apokatastasis-and-its-relation-to-christology-ilaria-ramelli">Archived</a> 2018-08-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanson1899" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, John Wesley (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/universalismpre00hansgoog"><i>Universalism, the prevailing doctrine of the Christian church during its first five hundred years; with authorities and extracts</i></a>. Harvard University. Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois: Universalist publishing house. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universalism%2C+the+prevailing+doctrine+of+the+Christian+church+during+its+first+five+hundred+years%3B+with+authorities+and+extracts&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts%3B+Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Universalist+publishing+house&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=John+Wesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversalismpre00hansgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBallouChambréSawyer1872" class="citation book cs1">Ballou, Hosea; Chambré, Albert St John; Sawyer, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson) (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ancienthistoryof1872ball"><i>Ancient history of universalism : from the time of the apostles, to the fifth general council : with an appendix, tracing the doctrine to the Reformation</i></a>. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. Boston, Massachusetts: Universalist Publishing House. pp. <span class="nowrap">96–</span>97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+history+of+universalism+%3A+from+the+time+of+the+apostles%2C+to+the+fifth+general+council+%3A+with+an+appendix%2C+tracing+the+doctrine+to+the+Reformation&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.pub=Universalist+Publishing+House&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Ballou&rft.aufirst=Hosea&rft.au=Chambr%C3%A9%2C+Albert+St+John&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+Thomas+J.+%28Thomas+Jefferson%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancienthistoryof1872ball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Wesley_Hanson1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Hanson" title="John Wesley Hanson">John Wesley Hanson</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/universalismpre00hansgoog#page/n166/"><i>Origen quotation. Universalism Prevailing Doctrine</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois: Universalist publishing house. p. 151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origen+quotation.+Universalism+Prevailing+Doctrine&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Boston%2C+Massachusetts%3B+Chicago%2C+Illinois%3A+Universalist+publishing+house&rft.date=1899&rft.au=John+Wesley+Hanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Funiversalismpre00hansgoog%23page%2Fn166%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBigg1913" class="citation book cs1">Bigg, Charles (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/thechristianplat00bigguoft"><i>The Christian Platonists of Alexandria</i></a>. Kelly – University of Toronto. Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 279.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Platonists+of+Alexandria&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Oxford+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Bigg&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthechristianplat00bigguoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanson1899" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, John Wesley (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/universalismpre00hansgoog"><i>Universalism, the prevailing doctrine of the Christian church during its first five hundred years; with authorities and extracts</i></a>. Harvard University. Boston, Chicago, Universalist publishing house. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universalism%2C+the+prevailing+doctrine+of+the+Christian+church+during+its+first+five+hundred+years%3B+with+authorities+and+extracts&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Boston%2C+Chicago%2C+Universalist+publishing+house&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=John+Wesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversalismpre00hansgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance: Probably from limen (through the idea of nearness of shore); a pond (large or small) -- lake. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://biblehub.com/greek/3041.htm">https://biblehub.com/greek/3041.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2021%3A8&version=WYC">"Bible Gateway passage: Revelation 21:8 – Wycliffe Bible"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Revelation+21%3A8+%E2%80%93+Wycliffe+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DRevelation%252021%253A8%26version%3DWYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2021%3A8&version=NABRE">"Bible Gateway passage: Revelation 21:8 – New American Bible (Revised Edition)"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Revelation+21%3A8+%E2%80%93+New+American+Bible+%28Revised+Edition%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DRevelation%252021%253A8%26version%3DNABRE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+of+fire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_fire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lake_of_fire" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r7QTYwYvvx0C">Geoffrey W. Bromiley (ed.), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia:K–P (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 1995</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3783-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3783-2">0-8028-3783-2</a>), p. 61, s.v. "Lake of fire"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C">Geoffrey W. Bromiley (ed.), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia:Q–Z (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 1995</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0">0-8028-3784-0</a>), p. 947, s.v. 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href="/wiki/File:John_Martin_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/John_Martin_002.jpg/90px-John_Martin_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/John_Martin_002.jpg/135px-John_Martin_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/John_Martin_002.jpg/180px-John_Martin_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1267" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyss_(religion)" title="Abyss (religion)">Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_Hades" title="Christian 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title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">Sheol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehom" title="Tehom">Tehom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzoah_Rotachat" title="Tzoah Rotachat">Tzoah Rotachat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Mandaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_hell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Buddhist_hell.jpg/100px-Buddhist_hell.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Buddhist_hell.jpg/150px-Buddhist_hell.jpg 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diyu" title="Diyu">Diyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_the_Ghosts" title="Gate of the Ghosts">Gate of the Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youdu" title="Youdu">Youdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yomi" title="Yomi">Yomi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naraka" title="Naraka">Naraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Hinduism)" title="Naraka (Hinduism)">Naraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patala" title="Patala">Patala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Jainism)" title="Naraka (Jainism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Near East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian myths">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones%27s_locker" title="Davy Jones's locker">Davy Jones's locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamag" title="Tamag">Tamag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_catastrophic_risks750" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template talk:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_catastrophic_risks750" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Earth" title="Future of Earth">Future of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe" title="Future of an expanding universe">Future of an expanding universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_goo" title="Gray goo">Gray goo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk from climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Rogue star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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