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id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 历史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关历史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期版本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期版本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 早期版本 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期版本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-早期的Perl_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期的Perl_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 早期的Perl 5 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期的Perl_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000年至今" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000年至今"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2000年至今 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000年至今-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-名称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 名称 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-骆驼标志" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#骆驼标志"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 骆驼标志 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-骆驼标志-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-洋葱标志" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洋葱标志"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 洋葱标志 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-洋葱标志-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perl简介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl简介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Perl简介 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perl简介-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关Perl简介子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-Perl简介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perl语言的中心思想" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl语言的中心思想"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Perl语言的中心思想 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perl语言的中心思想-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-优点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#优点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 优点 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-优点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缺点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缺点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 缺点 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缺点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perl的语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl的语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Perl的语法 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perl的语法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关Perl的语法子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-Perl的语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perl的Hello_World程式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl的Hello_World程式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Perl的Hello World程式 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perl的Hello_World程式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-变量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#变量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 变量 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-变量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-判断语句" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#判断语句"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 判断语句 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-判断语句-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-循环语句" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#循环语句"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 循环语句 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-循环语句-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perl的应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl的应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Perl的应用 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perl的应用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关Perl的应用子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-Perl的应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-以Perl编写的软件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以Perl编写的软件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 以Perl编写的软件 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-以Perl编写的软件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perl_Data_Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl_Data_Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Perl Data Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perl_Data_Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perl的社区文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl的社区文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Perl的社区文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perl的社区文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关Perl的社区文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-Perl的社区文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perl诗经" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perl诗经"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Perl诗经 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perl诗经-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-JAPH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JAPH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 JAPH </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JAPH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-競爭對手" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#競爭對手"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 競爭對手 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-競爭對手-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raku（旧名Perl_6）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raku（旧名Perl_6）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Raku（旧名Perl 6） </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raku（旧名Perl_6）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 外部链接 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关外部链接子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中文資源、社群" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中文資源、社群"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 中文資源、社群 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中文資源、社群-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英文資源、社群" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英文資源、社群"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 英文資源、社群 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英文資源、社群-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Perl</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。82种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" > 82种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="بيرل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Пърл (език за програмиране) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пърл (език за програмиране)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="পার্ল (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্ল (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%B5_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C)" title="پێرڵ (پرۆگرامسازی) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێرڵ (پرۆگرامسازی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(iaith_raglennu)" title="Perl (iaith raglennu) – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Perl (iaith raglennu)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(Programmiersprache)" title="Perl (Programmiersprache) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perl (Programmiersprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84" title="پرل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(langage)" title="Perl (langage) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perl (langage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2" title="પર્લ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પર્લ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्ल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv)" title="Perl (programozási nyelv) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perl (programozási nyelv)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96)" title="Perl (бағдарламалау тілі) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Perl (бағдарламалау тілі)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪರ್ಲ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರ್ಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%84" title="펄 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(Programm%C3%A9iersprooch)" title="Perl (Programméiersprooch) – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Perl (Programméiersprooch)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Перл (програмски јазик) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перл (програмски јазик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BE" title="പേൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പേൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE)" title="पर्ल (आज्ञावली भाषा) – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्ल (आज्ञावली भाषा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="पर्ल – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पर्ल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(programmeertaal)" title="Perl (programmeertaal) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perl (programmeertaal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE)" title="ପର୍ଲ୍ (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା) – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଲ୍ (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Perl (програмски језик) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Perl (програмски језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பெர்ள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்ள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5" title="ภาษาเพิร์ล – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเพิร์ล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84" title="پرل – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Perl" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >不转换 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/Perl" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">不转换</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/Perl" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans">简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/Perl" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant">繁體</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/Perl" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN">大陆简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/Perl" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK">香港繁體</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/Perl" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO">澳門繁體</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/Perl" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY">大马简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/Perl" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG">新加坡简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/Perl" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW">臺灣正體</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl">阅读</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e">编辑</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h">查看历史</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perl">阅读</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e">编辑</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=history">查看历史</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Perl" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j">链入页面</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/Perl" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k">相关更改</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u">上传文件</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q">特殊页面</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&oldid=82876919" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接">固定链接</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息">页面信息</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=Perl&id=82876919&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息">引用此页</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerl">获取短链接</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerl">下载二维码</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perl&action=show-download-screen">下载为PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p">打印页面</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perl_(programming_language)" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl" hreflang="zh">维基教科书</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42478" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-85ce1745" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-85ce1745" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Copyright"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:模块;zh-hant:模組;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:程序;zh-hant:程式;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:解释型; zh-hant:直譯式;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:解释; zh-hant:直譯;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:翻译; zh-hant:轉譯;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:源代码;zh-tw:原程式碼;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:奥莱利; zh-hant:歐萊禮;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Perl</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Programming-republic-of-perl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/e/e0/Programming-republic-of-perl.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="97" data-file-height="97" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="编程范型">编程范型</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="多重编程范式">多重编程范式</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="函數程式語言">函數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B" title="指令式編程">指令式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="面向对象程序设计">面向对象</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%A5%E7%82%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="類別為基的程式設計">類別為基</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="反射式编程">反射</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="过程式编程">过程式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E9%A9%85%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="事件驅動程式設計">事件驅動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泛型">泛型</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">設計者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃尔</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">實作者</th><td class="infobox-data organiser" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃尔</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">发行时间</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1987年12月18日，36年前（1987-12-18）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">当前版本</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>5.40.0（2024年6月9日；穩定版本）<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-30a14b628e9d97364ac321fd633568cb6614ba64-v3-1">[1]</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42478#P348" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="類型系統">型態系統</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">动态</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">實作語言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C语言</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="跨平台">跨平台</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="软件许可证">許可證</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE#Artistic_License_1.0" title="艺术许可协议">艺术许可协 1.0</a><a href="#cite_note-artistic-1.0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-artistic-1.0-git-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU通用公共许可证">GNU通用公共许可证</a><a href="#cite_note-licensing-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%90%8D" title="文件扩展名">文件扩展名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">.pl, .pm, .t, .pod</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perl.org">www.perl.org</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;;">啟發語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">AWK</a>、<a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C语言</a>、<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>、<a href="/wiki/LISP" title="LISP">Lisp</a>、<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (程式語言)">Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a>、<a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk 80</a>、<a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix shell</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;;">影響語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/CoffeeScript" title="CoffeeScript">CoffeeScript</a>、<a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>、<a href="/wiki/Groovy" title="Groovy">Groovy</a>、 <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>、<a href="/wiki/Julia_(%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia (编程语言)">Julia</a>、<a href="/wiki/LPC_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="LPC (程式語言)">LPC</a>、<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>、<a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>、<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>、<a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a>、<a href="/wiki/Windows_PowerShell" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below hlist" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="維基教科書">維基教科書</a>中有關<a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Perl Programming">Perl Programming</a>的文本</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Perl是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高级语言">高階</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="通用编程语言">通用</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AD%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="直譯語言">直譯式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="动态语言">動態</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="程式語言">程式语言家族</a>。最初设计者<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃尔</a>為了讓在<a href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>上進行報表處理的工作變得更方便，決定開發一個通用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B3%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="腳本語言">腳本語言</a>，而在1987年12月18日發表。目前，Perl语言家族包含两个分支Perl 5以及<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>。雖然Perl不是正式的首字母縮略詞<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>，但仍有各種各樣的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E9%A6%96%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%BC%A9%E7%95%A5%E8%AF%8D" title="逆向首字母缩略词">逆向首字母缩略词</a>，包括“實用的提取和報告語言”。<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Perl借用了<a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C</a>、<a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a>、<a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">awk</a>、<a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">shell</a>脚本、<a href="/wiki/Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisp">Lisp</a>以及很多其他程式語言的特性。其中最重要的特性是Perl内部集成了<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F" title="正则表达式">正则表达式</a>的功能，以及巨大的第三方代码库<a href="/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN">CPAN</a>。 2000年开始，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃尔</a>著手開發<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>來作為Perl的後繼，Perl 6語言的語法有很多轉變，也被視為Perl家族中的另一個語言（Perl 6於2019年更名為<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Raku</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Perl语言应用广泛，涵盖<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="通用网关接口">CGI</a>、图形编程、系统管理、网络编程、金融、生物等领域。由于其灵活性，Perl被称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="脚本语言">脚本语言</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%86%9B%E5%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="瑞士军刀">瑞士军刀</a>。<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期版本">早期版本</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早期版本">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃尔</a>在1987年开始写作Perl，那时他正在<a href="/wiki/Unisys" class="mw-redirect" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>当<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98" title="程序员">程序员</a><a href="#cite_note-programmingperl-12">[12]</a>，并且在1987年12月18日把1.0版本发布到了comp.sources.misc<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%BB%84" title="新闻组">新闻组</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>。这个语言在接下来的几年内很快地发展起来。 沃尔最早的确把这个语言称为“Pearl”（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="珍珠">珍珠</a>），因为他希望自己开发的语言有一个吉利的名字而且要尽量短小好记，他甚至声称早已考虑过所有三个及四个字母的词汇，以及自己妻子的名字Gloria。然而另一门语言<a href="/wiki/PEARL" title="PEARL">PEARL</a>早已存在，为了防止混淆，沃尔才把它改名Perl。 Perl 2，于1988年发布，特色是有一个更好的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F" title="正则表达式">正则表达式</a>引擎，Perl 3，于1989年发布，添加了对<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二进制数据（页面不存在）">二进制数据</a>流的支持。 从前，Perl唯一的文档是一个逐渐变长的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C%E9%A1%B5" title="手册页">手册页</a>。在1991年，《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Programming_Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programming Perl（页面不存在）">Programming Perl</a>》（被许多Perl程序员因封面称为“骆驼书”），出版了，而且变成了一个真正的Perl语言的参考资料。同时，Perl版本号变成了4，不是因为这个语言的重大改变，而是因为这本书的特殊意义。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期的Perl_5">早期的Perl 5</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：早期的Perl 5">编辑</a>]</div> Perl 4的一系列维护的版本，最后一版是1993年的Perl 4.036。那时，沃尔废弃了Perl 4，开始开发Perl 5。Perl 5的最初始设计持续到了1994年。《perl5-porters》<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="邮件列表">邮件列表</a>于1994年5月为了共同移植Perl 5而建立。这将主要的论坛留给了Perl 5的开发，维护，和移植<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>。 Perl 5.000于1994年10月17日发布<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>。这是一个几乎完全重写了的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="解释器">解释器</a>，而且它给这个语言添加了很多新的特性，包括对象，引用，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" title="局部变量">局部变量</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1)" class="mw-redirect" title="模块 (程序设计)">模块</a>。很重要地，模块提供了一个不用修改直译器就可以扩展语言的方法。这使得核心的直译器非常稳定，即使它允许一般的Perl程序员添加新的语言特性。从此，Perl 5的开发就活跃起来了。 Perl 5.001于1995年3月13日发布。Perl 5.002于1996年2月29日发布，带有参数类型的特性。这允许模块的作者写出像Perl内部命令那样智能的子程序。Perl 5.003于1996年6月25日作为一个安全更新的版本发布。 Perl 5历史中最重要的事件之一是支持了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%84_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88)" class="mw-redirect" title="模組 (程式設計)">模块</a>。在1995年10月26日，<a href="/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN">CPAN</a>，一个发布Perl模块的网站，建立了；截至2015年11月，它已经有超过12457个作者写的157794多个模块了<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>。 Perl 5.004于1997年5月15日发布，添加了UNIVERSAL包，这给了Perl一个所有的类的基础和要求使用模块的特定版本的能力。另一个重要的开发是包括了<a href="/w/index.php?title=CGI.pm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGI.pm（页面不存在）">CGI.pm</a>模块<a href="#cite_note-5004delta-17">[17]</a>，有助于Perl发展为一个CGI脚本语言<a href="#cite_note-patwardhan02-18">[18]</a>。 Perl现在也支持在<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>和其它一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>下运作<a href="#cite_note-5004delta-17">[17]</a>。 Perl 5.005于1998年7月22日发布。这个版本包括了一个更好的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F" title="正则表达式">正则</a>引擎，一个编译系统（通过<code>B::*</code>模块），<code>qr//</code>正则引用操作符，一个基础模块的选集，并且又支持了一些其它的操作系统，包括<a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a><a href="#cite_note-5005delta-19">[19]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000年至今">2000年至今</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：2000年至今">编辑</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th>主要版本 </th> <th>最后更新<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.5">舊版本，不再支援： 5.5 </td> <td>2004年2月23日 (2004-02-23) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.6">舊版本，不再支援： 5.6 </td> <td>2003年11月15日 (2003-11-15) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.8">舊版本，不再支援： 5.8 </td> <td>2008年12月14日 (2008-12-14) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.10">舊版本，不再支援： 5.10 </td> <td>2009年8月23日 (2009-08-23) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.12">舊版本，不再支援： 5.12 </td> <td>2012年11月10日 (2012-11-10) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.14">舊版本，不再支援： 5.14 </td> <td>2013年3月10日 (2013-03-10) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.16">舊版本，不再支援： 5.16 </td> <td>2013年3月11日 (2013-03-11) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.18">舊版本，不再支援： 5.18 </td> <td>2014年10月2日 (2014-10-02) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.20">舊版本，不再支援： 5.20 </td> <td>2015年9月12日 (2015-09-12) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.22">舊版本，不再支援： 5.22 </td> <td>2017年7月15日 (2017-07-15) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.24">舊版本，不再支援： 5.24 </td> <td>2018年4月14日 (2018-04-14) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.26">舊版本，不再支援： 5.26 </td> <td>2018年11月29日 (2018-11-29) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.28">舊版本，不再支援： 5.28 </td> <td>2020年6月1日 (2020-06-01) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.30">舊版本，不再支援： 5.30 </td> <td>2020年6月1日 (2020-06-01) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.32">舊版本，不再支援： 5.32 </td> <td>2021年1月23日 (2021-01-23) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FDB3AB;" title="舊版本，不再支援" data-sort-value="5.34">舊版本，不再支援： 5.34 </td> <td>2023年11月29日 (2023-11-29) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion co" style="background-color: #FEF8C6;" title="舊版本，仍被支援" data-sort-value="5.36"> 舊版本，仍被支援： 5.36 </td> <td>2023年11月29日 (2023-11-29) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="templateVersion c" style="background-color: #D4F4B4;" title="當前版本" data-sort-value="5.38"> 當前版本： 5.38 </td> <td>2023年11月29日 (2023-11-29) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="99"><div class="templateVersion lv floatright" style="">格式： 舊版本 舊版本，仍被支援 当前版本 最新预览版本 未来版本</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Perl 5.6于2000年3月22日发布。大的修改包括64位支持，<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>字串支持，大文件支持（即：超过2<a href="/wiki/GiB" class="mw-redirect" title="GiB">GiB</a>的文件）以及“our”关键字<a href="#cite_note-56delta-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-561delta-22">[22]</a>。在开发Perl 5.6的时候，开发组决定把版本名称作成类似其它开源项目的；在5.005_63版之后，下一个版本变成了5.5.640，计划是开发版本用奇数，稳定版本用偶数。 2000年时，拉里·沃尔询问社区对Perl新版本的建议。这个进程的结果在361 RFC（评论请求）文件里（这个文件可以指导Perl 6的开发）。2001年<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>，工作开始于设计<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>，一系列的文件概述了新一代Perl里的改变和设计。它们是作为一期RFC被展示的，而不是一个正式文档。这时，Perl 6的存在还只是一门语言的概述。 Perl 5.8最初于2002年7月18日发布，从此，每年才有一次更新。Perl 5.8的最后一版是5.8.9，发布于2008年12月14日。Perl 5.8改进了Unicode支持，添加了一个新的IO处理机制和新的多线程处理，提高了数字精度，添加了一些新模块<a href="#cite_note-perl58delta-24">[24]</a>。 2004年，工作开始于提要——原来的建议文件，但后来变成了Perl 6语言的详述。<a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%88" title="2005年2月">2005年2月</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%B3%B3" title="唐鳳">唐凤</a>，开始开发<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pugs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pugs（页面不存在）">Pugs</a>，一个用<a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>写的Perl 6直译器<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>。这是最初的一个Perl 6实现。这个努力停止于2006年<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>。 2007年12月18日，Perl 1.0的20周年纪念日，Perl 5.10.0发布了。Perl 5.10.0包括了显著的新特性，这拉近了Perl 5和<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">6</a>之间的距离。这些特性包括一个<a href="/w/index.php?title=Switch%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Switch语句（页面不存在）">switch语句</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/switch_statement" class="extiw" title="en:switch statement">switch statement</a>）（叫做“given/when”），正则表达式的更新和智能匹配操作符“~~”<a href="#cite_note-5100delta-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-perlsyn-smart-28">[28]</a>。同时，另一个Perl 6的实现，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakudo_Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakudo Perl（页面不存在）">Rakudo Perl</a>的开发开始了，一起使用<a href="/wiki/Parrot%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA" title="Parrot虚拟机">Parrot虚拟机</a>开发。从<a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88" title="2009年11月">2009年11月</a>开始，Rakudo Perl已经是每月一更新，现在已经是Perl 6的最完整的一个实现了。 Perl 5开发过程中的一次大修改在Perl 5.11；开发社区使用了每月更新的形式，这样就可以提前预知3个月以内的发布日期。 2010年4月12日，Perl 5.12.0发布了。显著的提升包括新的<code>package NAME VERSION</code>语法，Yada Yada操作符（有意地用占位符标记没有实现的代码），默认<code>use strict;</code>（在<code>use 5.012;</code>时）完整的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Y2038&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y2038（页面不存在）">Y2038</a>编译，正则转化重载，<a href="/w/index.php?title=DTrace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTrace（页面不存在）">DTrace</a>支持，和<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>5.2<a href="#cite_note-5120delta-29">[29]</a>。Perl 5.12.3于2011年1月21日发布；它包括了新版的模块和一些文档的改变<a href="#cite_note-5123delta-30">[30]</a>。版本5.12.4于2011年6月20日发布。 Perl 5.14发布于2011年5月14日。这个分支的最后一版，5.14.2，发布于2011年9月26日。 Perl 5.16发布于2012年5月20日。显著的新特性包括可以指定一个perl的版本来模拟，这允许用户更新perl的版本，但可以运行可能会不兼容的老脚本<a href="#cite_note-5160delta_version-31">[31]</a>。Perl 5.16也更新了核心部分来支持<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> 6.1<a href="#cite_note-5160delta_version-31">[31]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="名称">名称</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：名称">编辑</a>]</div> Perl原名叫“Pearl”。拉里·沃尔想给这个语言起一个有正面意思的短的名字；他考虑了（并且否定了）字典里每一个3—4个字母的词。他也考虑用他的妻子Gloria的名字命名。沃尔在Perl官方发布之前发现了现有的<a href="/wiki/PEARL" title="PEARL">PEARL</a>语言，并且改变了这个名字<a href="#cite_note-richardson1999-32">[32]</a>。 当指代这个语言的时候，名字通常是大写的（Perl），就像专有名词一样。当指代这个直译器本身的时候，这个名字通常是小写的（perl），因为大部分类Unix文件系统都是区分大小写的。在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Programming_Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programming Perl（页面不存在）">Programming Perl</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_Perl" class="extiw" title="en:Programming Perl">Programming Perl</a>）》的第一版发布之前，用perl指代这个语言也很普遍；<a href="/w/index.php?title=Randal_L._Schwartz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randal L. Schwartz（页面不存在）">Randal L. Schwartz</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_L._Schwartz" class="extiw" title="en:Randal L. Schwartz">Randal L. Schwartz</a>）排版时将这个语言的名字在书中写成大写的以便理解。后来，这个大小写的区别就成为正规的了<a href="#cite_note-capitalization-33">[33]</a>。 全大写的“PERL”是有争议的，而文档中说明“PERL”是不对的<a href="#cite_note-capitalization-33">[33]</a>，一些核心的社区成员将其视为外行的标志<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>。这个名字偶尔会被视为“Practical Extraction and Report Language”的缩写，就像文档<a href="#cite_note-richardson1999-32">[32]</a>顶端和一些纸质书本说的那样<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>。一些全称被建议作为正式名称，包括沃尔自己的幽默的“Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>。的确，沃尔要求这个名字启示许多不同的扩展<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="骆驼标志">骆驼标志</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：骆驼标志">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perl-camel-small.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/0/00/Perl-camel-small.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="149" /></a><figcaption>骆驼标志</figcaption></figure> 《Programming Perl》，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%8E%B1%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奥莱利">奥莱利</a>媒体发布，特色是封面有一张<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%86%E9%A9%BC" title="骆驼">骆驼</a>的图片，因而被称作“骆驼书”<a href="#cite_note-schwartz01-38">[38]</a>。这张骆驼的图片已经成为了Perl非官方的标志和一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%AE%A2" title="黑客">黑客</a>的标志，这出现在T恤衫和其它衣服上。 奥莱利擁有此圖像之商標，並且宣稱，唯有在捍衛「符號之完整性」時，才會行使其法律上的權力<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>。奥莱利允許此商標在非商業目的之前提下被使用，並同時供了Programming Republic of Perl的圖像以及Powered by Perl的按鈕圖。<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>Perl的另一個識別符號是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E9%A9%BC" title="羊驼">羊驼</a>。因为《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermediate_Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermediate Perl（页面不存在）">Intermediate Perl</a>》一书的封面是一只羊驼<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="洋葱标志">洋葱标志</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：洋葱标志">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onion_64x64.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/a/a4/Onion_64x64.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>洋葱标志</figcaption></figure> Perl基金会拥有一个可选的标志，一个洋葱，允许它的子站点，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl_Mongers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perl Mongers（页面不存在）">Perl Mongers</a>，<a href="/wiki/PerlMonks" title="PerlMonks">PerlMonks</a>，Perl.org和其它网站使用<a href="#cite_note-onion-42">[42]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perl简介">Perl简介</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：Perl简介">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perl语言的中心思想">Perl语言的中心思想</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：Perl语言的中心思想">编辑</a>]</div> Perl语言的中心思想可以集成为一句话「<a href="/wiki/TMTOWTDI" class="mw-redirect" title="TMTOWTDI">TMTOWTDI</a>」： <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote">There's More Than One Way To Do It. （不只一种方法來做一件事。）</blockquote> Perl的作者拉里·沃尔建议可以把这个缩写词念成「Tim Toady」。这句话后来被扩充成: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote">There's more than one way to do it, but sometimes consistency is not a bad thing either. （不只一种方法來做一件事，但有时保持一致也不错。） <ul><li>TIMTOWTDIBSCINABTE，发音为“Tim Toady Bicarbonate”<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>.</li></ul></blockquote> 另一个Perl程序员常常想起的Perl俗语是： <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> <blockquote class="templatequote">Easy things should be easy, and hard things should be possible. （简单的事情应该是简单的，复杂的事情应该尽可能地变得简单。）</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="优点">优点</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：优点">编辑</a>]</div> 为了实现这样的目标，并且又因为Larry Wall本人也是一个语言学家，他设计Perl语言时使用了很多语言学的思维。相比<a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C</a>、<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (程式語言)">Pascal</a>这样的“高级”语言而言，Perl语言直接提供泛型變數、动态数组、Hash表等更加便捷的编程元素。Perl具有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="动态语言">动态语言</a>的强大灵活的特性，并且还从C/C++、Basic、Pascal等语言中分别借鉴了语法规则，从而提供了许多冗餘语法。使得程序员可以忽略计算机内部資料存储、类型、处理方法、运算规则、甚至内存越界等等的细节，而将思考中心放在所需要的程序逻辑上。就这一点而言，很多Perl程序员认为目前只有Perl、<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泛型">泛型</a>语言才能称为“高级”语言，而<a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C</a>、<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (程式語言)">Pascal</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>这些只能称为“中高级”语言而已。可以说，在统一變數类型和掩盖运算细节方面，Perl做得比<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>更为出色。 由于从其他语言大量借鉴了语法，使得从其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a>转到Perl语言的程序员可以迅速上手写程序并完成任务，这使得Perl语言是一门容易用的语言。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="缺点">缺点</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：缺点">编辑</a>]</div> 也正是因为Perl的灵活性和“过度”的冗余语法，也因此获得了仅写（write-only）的“美誉”，因为Perl程序可以写得很随意（例如，变量不经声明就可以直接使用），但是可能少写一些字母就会得到意想不到的结果（而不报错），许多Perl程序的代码令人难以阅读，实现相同功能的程序代码长度可以相差十倍百倍，这就令程序的维护者（甚至是编写者）难以维护。 同样的，因为Perl这样随意的特点，可能会导致一些Perl程序员遗忘语法，以至于不得不经常查看Perl手册。对此，《Learning Perl》一书里建议经常使用Perl编程。 建议的解决方法是在程序裡使用<code>use strict;</code>以及<code>use warnings;</code>，并统一代码风格，使用库，而不是自己使用「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="硬编码">硬编码</a>」。Perl同样可以将代码书写得像<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>或<a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a>等语言一样优雅。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perl的语法">Perl的语法</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：Perl的语法">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perl的Hello_World程式">Perl的Hello World程式</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：Perl的Hello World程式">编辑</a>]</div> 下面是一个在標準輸出設備上輸出<a href="/wiki/Hello_World%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Hello World程序">Hello World</a>的簡單程式，這種程式通常作為開始學習程式語言的第一個範例： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>#!/usr/bin/env perl print "Hello, world!\n"; </pre></div> 如果有perl 5.10以上的版本，也可以这样： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>#!/usr/bin/env perl use 5.010; say "Hello, world!"; </pre></div> 这个程序将输出一行字符串：“Hello, world!”，以及一个换行。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="变量">变量</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：变量">编辑</a>]</div> Perl是一种<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="類型系統">无类型语言</a>（untyped），换句话说，在语言层面上，Perl和大多数编程语言不同，不把<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="变量">变量</a>分成<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0" title="整数">整数</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="字符">字符</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E7%82%B9%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="浮点数">浮点数</a>等等，而只有一种能接受各种类型数据的“无类型”变量。Perl的变量以$字符开头。例如<code>$a=5;</code><code>$b="Hello";</code><code>$c=3.2;</code><code>$d='\n这里并不换行';</code>都是合法的Perl语句。 Perl中各种变量的运算也很自由，数和含有数的字符串是等效的，可以把数字字符串参与数学计算，也可以反之，让数字参与字符串的构成和操作。 除单个变量（Perl称为标量「Scalar」）之外，Perl还有两种集合类型，分别是数组（Array，用@字符开头）和关联数组（Associative array，或者称为Hash，用%开头。类似<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E5%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="標準模板庫">STL</a> 无序表「unordered_map」和<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>的字典「Dictionary」）。数组可以内含任意可变数目的变量，并以其存储顺序作为索引以完成常数时间的定位；而Hash表，则可以在变量之间建立一一映射，就像字典一样，把不同的变量按照他们的逻辑关系组织起来，并以作为“键”的变量进行索引，完成常数时间的定位。 另外，Perl还有一种特殊的类型，引用（reference），类似于指针，当作标量处理，可以指向标量（含引用）、数组、Hash等任何类型。如： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$foo = \$bar; print $$foo; $foo = \@bar; print @$foo; $foo = \%bar; print %$foo; $foo = \&bar; print $foo->(); print &$foo; </pre></div> 引用的好处在于，将它传递给函数之后，函数可以修改它指向的变量。而如果传递普通变量，修改的值只在函数内有效。 <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>sub foo { my $var = shift; $$var = '1'; } my $foo = '2'; my $var = \$foo; print $$var; foo ($var); print $foo; </pre></div> 输出“21”，即foo()内改变了$foo。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="判断语句">判断语句</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：判断语句">编辑</a>]</div> 因为Perl大量的创造冗余的语法，并且从其他语言中大量的借鉴语法，使得Perl的语法极其丰富和灵活。Perl共有下列几种判断语句： <ul><li><tt>if</tt>区块</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>if ($hour > 22) { print "should sleep...\n"; } </pre></div> <ul><li><tt>if</tt>语句</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>print "hello" if $guest >= 1; </pre></div> <ul><li><tt>unless</tt>区块</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>unless ($credit > 100) { print "You can not graduate!\n"; } </pre></div> <ul><li><tt>unless</tt>语句</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>print "eat\n" unless $food == 0; </pre></div> <ul><li><tt>given/when</tt>(语句及区块)</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>use 5.010; given ($foo) { say 'a' when 'a'; when (/b/) { say 'b'; } #when可以写成语句或区块 default { say 'not match'; } #只可以写成区块。 } </pre></div> 由于<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑</a>運算元的作用，还可以写出不用<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="關鍵字">关键字</a><tt>if</tt>或<tt>unless</tt>的判断语句，如常用的打开文件语句： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>open DATA, '<', $filename or die "Can't open $filename: $!\n"; </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="循环语句">循环语句</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：循环语句">编辑</a>]</div> Perl中的循环语句也是非常的丰富。主要有： Perl自己的for或者foreach循环(两个完全一样)： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>@group = 1 .. 10; for (@group) { print "$_\n"; } print "$_\n" for @group; foreach (@group) { print "$_\n"; } </pre></div> 从C语言借鉴来的for循环(又可写作foreach，两个完全一样)： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { print "$group[$i]\n"; } </pre></div> while循环： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$i=0; while ($i < 10) { print "$group[$i]\n"; $i++; } </pre></div> do...while循环： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$i = 0; do { print "$group[$i]\n"; $i++; } while ($i < 10); </pre></div> until循环： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$i = 0; until ($i == 10) { print "$group[$i]\n"; $i++; } </pre></div> 从PASCAL语言借鉴来的do...until循环： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$i = 0; do { print "$group[$i]\n"; $i++; } until ($i == 10); </pre></div> 甚至还有利用动态语言特性，用map函数也可以做循环： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>map { print "$_\n" } @group; </pre></div> 其实还有其他的循环方式。总而言之，就是<a href="/wiki/There%27s_more_than_one_way_to_do_it" class="mw-redirect" title="There's more than one way to do it">TMTOWTDI</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perl的应用">Perl的应用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：Perl的应用">编辑</a>]</div> Perl主要应用在<a href="/wiki/Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix">Unix</a>平台和网页中（<a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="通用网关接口">CGI</a>）。Perl拥有海量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1)" class="mw-redirect" title="模块 (程序设计)">模块</a>支持，在解决问题时非常方便。<a href="/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN">CPAN</a>有很多Perl模块。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="以Perl编写的软件">以Perl编写的软件</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：以Perl编写的软件">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugzilla" title="Bugzilla">Bugzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_Type" title="Movable Type">Movable Type</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TWiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TWiki（页面不存在）">TWiki</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWiki" class="extiw" title="en:TWiki">TWiki</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_Bubble" title="Frozen Bubble">Frozen Bubble</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perl_Data_Language">Perl Data Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：Perl Data Language">编辑</a>]</div> Perl Data Language（简称PDL）是Perl的一个外接<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1)" class="mw-redirect" title="模块 (程序设计)">模块</a>，也是对Perl功能的一个重要拓展。它使得Perl语言可以直接对2至多维的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="矩阵">矩阵</a>直接操作，进行快速的矩阵运算，完成基础的Perl所不能完成的运算，大大拓展了Perl的适用范围。所以PDL本身也是很多其他模块的基础。 而且PDL提供了与很多其他软件包的接口，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=FFTW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FFTW（页面不存在）">FFTW</a>（一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%82%85%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="快速傅立叶变换">快速傅立叶变换</a>的软件包），又或者是<a href="/wiki/Mesa_3D" title="Mesa 3D">Mesa</a>（<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>上的<a href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a>三维图形渲染包），这些包原来往往仅提供C/C++语言接口。这一功能使PDL成为拓展Perl功能的一个中间层。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perl的社区文化">Perl的社区文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：Perl的社区文化">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perl诗经">Perl诗经</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：Perl诗经">编辑</a>]</div> 和C語言一樣，在Perl界，難以讀懂的程式碼大賽是個有名的活動。近似難以讀懂的程式碼，但方向不同，Perl Poetry是可以被perl編譯的詩。新的詩經通常會在<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.perlmonks.org/">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151117013950/http://www.perlmonks.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）網站發表。<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JAPH">JAPH</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：JAPH">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/JAPH" title="JAPH">Just another Perl hacker</a>（另一个Perl黑客）是一个和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%B7%B7%E4%B9%B1%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B" title="国际C语言混乱代码大赛">国际C语言混乱代码大赛</a>有着相同精神的社区文化。Perl<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98" title="程序员">程序员</a>通过写<a href="/wiki/JAPH" title="JAPH">JAPH</a>代码，来分享自己的编程技术。<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="競爭對手">競爭對手</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：競爭對手">编辑</a>]</div> 因為許多Perl程序的代碼難以閱讀，加上它的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="面向对象程序设计">面向对象</a>功能被視為不是真正的面向对象(只是模組的模擬)，於是很多人拿Perl和其他動態語言來比較。 最常見的比較對象是<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>，有人寫了篇文章叫《What's wrong with Perl》<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>，指出Perl的缺點，鼓勵別人學Python。著名<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%AE%A2" title="黑客">黑客</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99" class="mw-redirect" title="埃里克·斯蒂芬·雷蒙">埃里克·斯蒂芬·雷蒙</a>寫了《Why Python?》<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>，該文中一個重要的比較對象就是Perl。《A Byte Of Python》<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>里的《Why Not Perl?》<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>也把Python和Perl比较。 <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a>的作者（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%BC%98" title="松本行弘">松本行弘</a>，Matz）甚至直認他想Ruby作為Perl的後繼者。<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raku（旧名Perl_6）"><a href="/wiki/Raku" title="Raku">Raku</a>（旧名Perl 6）</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：Raku（旧名Perl 6）">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camelia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Camelia.svg/200px-Camelia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Camelia.svg/300px-Camelia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Camelia.svg/400px-Camelia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Camelia，Raku项目的标志<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/Raku" title="Raku">Raku</a></div> 2000年开始，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃尔</a>著手開發<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>來作為Perl的後繼，2019年更名為<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Raku</a>。 在Perl的官网介绍中，<a href="/wiki/Raku" title="Raku">Raku</a>不是Perl 5的下一个版本，而是与Perl 5并行开发的另一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a>。<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Raku更好地支持面向对象，有专用于定义类的語法： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>class Foo is Universal { # inherit form Universal has $.member_variable method member_function { print "some string"; } } </pre></div> Raku可以明确定义变量类型，当类型不匹配，编译时报错<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>。 另外，Raku提供了不同的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F" title="正则表达式">正则表达式</a>语法，新的语法称作「規則」，并且允许使用者在正则表达式中加入空格等以便阅读，还可以命名一个正则表达式方便调用<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>。 Raku中的控制流程和循环的判断条件的括号可选: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>if $percent > 100 { say "weird mathematics"; } for 1..3 { # using $_ as loop variable say 2 * $_; } for 1..3 -> $x { # with explicit loop variable say 2 * $x; } while $stuff.is_wrong { $stuff.try_to_make_right; } </pre></div> 但是如果加入括號，不能緊跟在关键字后面，而要空一格，因为用foo()這樣的形式，编译器识别为调用函数foo，而不管它是不是关键字<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-perl mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>if ($hour > 22) { #正確 say 'should sleep...'; } if($hour > 22) { #錯誤 say 'should sleep...'; } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-30a14b628e9d97364ac321fd633568cb6614ba64-v3-1"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-30a14b628e9d97364ac321fd633568cb6614ba64-v3_1-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2024/06/msg268252.html">"perl v5.40.0 is now available"</a>; 作者姓名字符串: Graham Knop; 出版日期: 2024年6月9日; 检索日期: 2024年6月10日. </li> <li id="cite_note-artistic-1.0-2"><a href="#cite_ref-artistic-1.0_2-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724213601/http://dev.perl.org/licenses/artistic.html">The "Artistic License" - dev.perl.org</a>. dev.perl.org. [2018-12-17]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.perl.org/licenses/artistic.html">原始内容</a>存档于2018-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.atitle=The+%22Artistic+License%22+-+dev.perl.org&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dev.perl.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.perl.org%2Flicenses%2Fartistic.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-artistic-1.0-git-3"><a href="#cite_ref-artistic-1.0-git_3-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/blob/HEAD:/Artistic">Artistic</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180725033309/http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/blob/HEAD:/Artistic">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - file on the Perl 5 git repository </li> <li id="cite_note-licensing-4"><a href="#cite_ref-licensing_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.perl.org/licenses">Perl Licensing</a>. dev.perl.org. [2011-01-08]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110122175123/http://dev.perl.org/licenses/">存档</a>于2011-01-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=Perl+Licensing&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=dev.perl.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.perl.org%2Flicenses&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/05/msg263783.html">perl 5.36.0 is now available</a>. www.nntp.perl.org. [2022-05-28]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705182950/https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/05/msg263783.html">存档</a>于2022-07-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=perl+5.36.0+is+now+available&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=www.nntp.perl.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nntp.perl.org%2Fgroup%2Fperl.perl5.porters%2F2022%2F05%2Fmsg263783.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411074926/https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/03/msg263342.html">Perl 5.34.1 is now available!</a>. www.nntp.perl.org. [2022-03-13]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/03/msg263342.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=Perl+5.34.1+is+now+available%21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=www.nntp.perl.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nntp.perl.org%2Fgroup%2Fperl.perl5.porters%2F2022%2F03%2Fmsg263342.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/05/msg263786.html">perl 5.37.0 is now available</a>. www.nntp.perl.org. [2022-05-28]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705182941/https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/05/msg263786.html">存档</a>于2022-07-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=perl+5.37.0+is+now+available&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=www.nntp.perl.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nntp.perl.org%2Fgroup%2Fperl.perl5.porters%2F2022%2F05%2Fmsg263786.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Lapworth, Leo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://learn.perl.org/faq/perlfaq1.html#Whats-the-difference-between-perl-and-Perl">General Questions About Perl</a>. Perl FAQ. Perl.org. [February 24, 2012]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HZ9yBwbW?url=http://learn.perl.org/faq/perlfaq1.html#Whats-the-difference-between-perl-and-Perl">存档</a>于2013-06-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.atitle=General+Questions+About+Perl&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft.aulast=Lapworth&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perl+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flearn.perl.org%2Ffaq%2Fperlfaq1.html%23Whats-the-difference-between-perl-and-Perl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/perl">perl(1): Practical Extraction/Report Language - Linux man page</a>. Linux.die.net. 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[2015-11-19]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106051931/https://www.perl.org/about.html">存档</a>于2015-11-06） （英语）. <q>"Perl" is a family of languages, "Perl 6" is part of the family, but it is a separate language which has its own development team.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=About+Perl&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perl.org%2Fabout.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perlgeek.de/en/article/5-to-6#post_02">Perl 5 to 6</a>. [2012-07-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120703045300/http://perlgeek.de/en/article/5-to-6#post_02">存档</a>于2012-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=Perl+5+to+6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperlgeek.de%2Fen%2Farticle%2F5-to-6%23post_02&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perlgeek.de/en/article/5-to-6#post_07">Perl 5 to 6</a>. [2012-07-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120703045300/http://perlgeek.de/en/article/5-to-6#post_07">存档</a>于2012-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=Perl+5+to+6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperlgeek.de%2Fen%2Farticle%2F5-to-6%23post_07&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perlgeek.de/en/article/5-to-6#post_23">Perl 5 to 6</a>. [2012-07-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120703045300/http://perlgeek.de/en/article/5-to-6#post_23">存档</a>于2012-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3APerl&rft.btitle=Perl+5+to+6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperlgeek.de%2Fen%2Farticle%2F5-to-6%23post_23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN">CPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>（Raku）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA" title="Parrot虚拟机">Parrot虚拟机</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接">外部链接</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：外部链接">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perl.com">Perl.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050630084634/http://www.perl.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（O'REILLY）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perl.org">Perl.org</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050630090001/http://www.perl.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.perl.org/perl6/">Perl 6的開發網頁</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060207094455/http://dev.perl.org/perl6/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpan.org">CPAN - Comprehensive Perl Archive Network</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110226063250/http://www.cpan.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）：Perl程式的集中地</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org">CPAN检索</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180624041928/http://search.cpan.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040815062127/http://dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Perl/">dmoz on Perl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pm.org">Perl Mongers</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210204050738/http://www.pm.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）：全球各地的使用者組織</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perlmonks.org">Perl Monks</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151117013950/http://www.perlmonks.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）：一个很活跃的Perl社区</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://activestate.com/">ActiveState</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210202172931/http://activestate.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）：<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>上的Perl</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strawberryperl.com/">Strawberry Perl</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210127060842/http://strawberryperl.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）：由Perl社群所提供之<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>版Perl</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707003455/http://perlcabal.org/syn/Differences.html">Perl6::Perl5::Differences</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中文資源、社群">中文資源、社群</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：中文資源、社群">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110210165809/http://perl.org.tw/">Perl@Taiwan</a>（繁體中文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824135548/http://planet.perl.tw/">Perl TW Planet</a>（繁體中文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520084210/http://perl.hcchien.org/toc.html">Perl學習手札</a>（繁體中文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/pmhk2nd/">香港Perl推廣组</a>（繁體中文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814141142/http://www.perlchina.org/">中国Perl协会</a>（简体中文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130503092526/http://wiki.perlchina.org/">中国Perl协会的wiki</a>（简体中文）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英文資源、社群">英文資源、社群</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perl&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：英文資源、社群">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-GB18030/">GB18030源码过滤软件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180521062946/http://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-GB18030/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-GBK/">GBK源码过滤软件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180521063016/http://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-GBK/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-Big5Plus/">Big5Plus源碼過濾軟件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180521062853/http://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-Big5Plus/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-EUCTW/">EUC-TW源碼過濾軟件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180521063020/http://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-EUCTW/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-Big5HKSCS/">Big5-HKSCS源碼過濾軟件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180521062918/http://search.cpan.org/dist/Char-Big5HKSCS/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文）</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="编程范型">范型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="过程式编程">过程式</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">FORTRAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOVIAL" title="JOVIAL">JOVIAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">ALGOL 60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JOSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JOSS（页面不存在）">JOSS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOSS" class="extiw" title="en:JOSS">JOSS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MUMPS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MUMPS（页面不存在）">MUMPS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUMPS" class="extiw" title="en:MUMPS">MUMPS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth" title="Forth">Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Pascal語言">Pascal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada" title="Ada">Ada 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam" title="Occam">occam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon" title="Oberon">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go" title="Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballerina%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballerina语言（页面不存在）">Ballerina</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerina_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Ballerina (programming language)">Ballerina (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="面向对象程序设计">面向对象</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel" title="Eiffel">Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self" title="Self">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Common Lisp对象系统">CLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada" title="Ada">Ada 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯">C#</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vala" title="Vala">Vala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal语言（页面不存在）">Crystal</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Crystal (programming language)">Crystal (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="多重编程范型">多范型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modula-3" title="Modula-3">Modula-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Dylan语言">Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="D語言">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Factor语言">Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala" title="Scala">Scala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AF" title="F♯">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nim" title="Nim">Nim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapel%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapel语言（页面不存在）">Chapel</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Chapel (programming language)">Chapel (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin">Kotlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart" title="Dart">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Swift語言">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zig" title="Zig">Zig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ring%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ring语言（页面不存在）">Ring</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Ring (programming language)">Ring (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V语言（页面不存在）">V</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:V (programming language)">V (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo" title="Mojo">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Carbon语言">Carbon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="函数式编程">函数式</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISP" title="LISP">LISP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme">Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" title="Logo (程序语言)">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APL%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="APL語言">APL</a>/<a href="/wiki/J%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="J语言">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="ML语言">ML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang" title="Erlang">Erlang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elixir_(%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" title="Elixir (编程语言)">Elixir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="SAC语言">SAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agda" title="Agda">Agda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris" title="Idris">Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jq%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jq语言（页面不存在）">jq</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jq_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:jq (programming language)">jq (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gleam%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gleam语言（页面不存在）">Gleam</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleam_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Gleam (programming language)">Gleam (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B" title="邏輯編程">逻辑式</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalog" title="Datalog">Datalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Mercury语言">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%AD%94%E9%9B%86%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="回答集编程">AnsProlog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProbLog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProbLog（页面不存在）">ProbLog</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProbLog" class="extiw" title="en:ProbLog">ProbLog</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="脚本语言">脚本语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="动态语言">动态语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SNOBOL" title="SNOBOL">SNOBOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Icon语言">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REXX" title="REXX">REXX</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raku" title="Raku">Raku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tk" title="Tk">Tk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Hack語言">Hack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ColdFusion%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ColdFusion标记语言（页面不存在）">CFML</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColdFusion_Markup_Language" class="extiw" title="en:ColdFusion Markup Language">ColdFusion Markup Language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/REBOL" title="REBOL">REBOL</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red语言（页面不存在）">Red</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Red (programming language)">Red (programming language)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Io语言">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Julia语言">Julia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Shell语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">sh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Almquist_shell" title="Almquist shell">ash</a>/<a href="/wiki/Debian_Almquist_shell" title="Debian Almquist shell">dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Shell" title="C Shell">csh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tcsh" title="Tcsh">tcsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KornShell" title="KornShell">ksh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">bash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_shell" title="Z shell">zsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rc（页面不存在）">rc</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rc_(Unix_shell)" class="extiw" title="en:rc (Unix shell)">rc (Unix shell)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">AWK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMA-262</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoffeeScript" title="CoffeeScript">CoffeeScript</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=LiveScript%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LiveScript语言（页面不存在）">LiveScript</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveScript_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:LiveScript (programming language)">LiveScript (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Elm语言">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureScript" title="PureScript">PureScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Reason语言">Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosque%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosque语言（页面不存在）">Bosque</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Bosque (programming language)">Bosque (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特定平台</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AF" title="F♯">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Visual Basic .NET">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA" title="Java虚拟机">JVM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AspectJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AspectJ（页面不存在）">AspectJ</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AspectJ" class="extiw" title="en:AspectJ">AspectJ</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala" title="Scala">Scala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groovy" title="Groovy">Groovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin">Kotlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="领域特定语言">特定领域</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="运算科学">科学计算</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speakeasy_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speakeasy (计算机环境)（页面不存在）">Speakeasy</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speakeasy_(computational_environment)" class="extiw" title="en:Speakeasy (computational environment)">Speakeasy (computational environment)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="交互式数据语言">IDL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="GNU数据语言">GDL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima" title="Maxima">Maxima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scilab" title="Scilab">Scilab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Wolfram语言">Wolfram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="R语言">R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yorick%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yorick语言（页面不存在）">Yorick</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorick_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Yorick (programming language)">Yorick (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageMath" title="SageMath">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Julia语言">Julia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="图形处理器通用计算">GPU计算</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cg%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Cg語言">Cg</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%9D%80%E8%89%B2%E5%99%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高级着色器语言">HLSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLSL" title="GLSL">GLSL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BrookGPU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BrookGPU（页面不存在）">Brook</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrookGPU" class="extiw" title="en:BrookGPU">BrookGPU</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SYCL" title="SYCL">SYCL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUDA" title="CUDA">CUDA</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="并行线程执行（页面不存在）">PTX</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_Thread_Execution" class="extiw" title="en:Parallel Thread Execution">Parallel Thread Execution</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futhark%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Futhark语言">Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8F%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="标准可移植中间表示（页面不存在）">SPIR-V</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Portable_Intermediate_Representation" class="extiw" title="en:Standard Portable Intermediate Representation">Standard Portable Intermediate Representation</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%A9%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="查詢語言">数据查询</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CODASYL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CODASYL（页面不存在）">CODASYL</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CODASYL" class="extiw" title="en:CODASYL">CODASYL</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PL-SQL" title="PL-SQL">PL/SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">T-SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL/PSM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQL/PSM（页面不存在）">SQL/PSM</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL/PSM" class="extiw" title="en:SQL/PSM">SQL/PSM</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XBase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XBase（页面不存在）">xBase</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/xBase" class="extiw" title="en:xBase">xBase</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XQuery（页面不存在）">XQuery</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" class="extiw" title="en:XQuery">XQuery</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="視覺化程式設計語言">可视化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prograph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prograph（页面不存在）">Prograph</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prograph" class="extiw" title="en:Prograph">Prograph</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulink" title="Simulink">Simulink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_(%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange (软件)（页面不存在）">Orange</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:Orange (software)">Orange (software)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KNIME&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KNIME（页面不存在）">KNIME</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNIME" class="extiw" title="en:KNIME">KNIME</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch" title="Scratch">Scratch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap!" title="Snap!">Snap!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%80%85" title="MIT应用开发者">App Inventor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="传媒设计">传媒设计</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SuperCollider" title="SuperCollider">SuperCollider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Data" title="Pure Data">Pure Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AviSynth#AviSynth脚本语言" title="AviSynth">AviSynth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processing" title="Processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChucK" title="ChucK">ChucK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="汇编语言">汇编语言</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APT%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APT语言（页面不存在）">APT</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APT_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:APT (programming language)">APT (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GPSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GPSS（页面不存在）">GPSS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPSS" class="extiw" title="en:GPSS">GPSS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CLIPS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CLIPS（页面不存在）">CLIPS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIPS" class="extiw" title="en:CLIPS">CLIPS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMPL" title="AMPL">AMPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dc_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F)" title="Dc (程序)">dc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacc" title="Yacc">yacc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make" title="Make">make</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript#PostScript语言" title="PostScript">PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LLVM#中间表示" title="LLVM">LLVM IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%A5%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="深奥的编程语言">深奥的编程语言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:程序设计语言">目录</a></li> <li><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="编程语言列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="程式語言歷史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="编程语言比较（页面不存在）">比较</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of programming languages">Comparison of programming languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" title="程序語言時間線">时间线</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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