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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Behavior and ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behavior_and_ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behavior and ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behavior_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Feeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtship_and_reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtship_and_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Courtship and reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtship_and_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocalizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocalizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Vocalizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocalizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Predation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infestations_and_health_threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infestations_and_health_threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Infestations and health threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infestations_and_health_threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Range</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Range-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Range subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Hemisphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Hemisphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Northern Hemisphere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Hemisphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Hemisphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Hemisphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Southern Hemisphere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Hemisphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Human relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Whaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whale-watching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whale-watching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Whale-watching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whale-watching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Conservation status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Humpback whale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultrugwalvis" title="Bultrugwalvis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bultrugwalvis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1" title="جمل البحر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمل البحر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozbel_balina" title="Qozbel balina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qozbel balina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="কুঁজো তিমি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুঁজো তিমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%81-si%CC%8Dt-keng" title="Toā-si̍t-keng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Toā-si̍t-keng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82" title="Гарбаты кіт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарбаты кіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82" title="Гарбаты кіт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гарбаты кіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Гърбат кит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гърбат кит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balum_askellek" title="Balum askellek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Balum askellek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iubarta" title="Iubarta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iubarta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keporkak" title="Keporkak – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Keporkak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfil_Cefngrwm" title="Morfil Cefngrwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Morfil Cefngrwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukkelhval" title="Pukkelhval – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pukkelhval" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckelwal" title="Buckelwal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buckelwal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C3%B3%CA%BCtsoh_bigh%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81%CA%BC_y%C3%ADlk%CA%BCid%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Łóóʼtsoh bighą́ą́ʼ yílkʼidígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łóóʼtsoh bighą́ą́ʼ yílkʼidígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%BCrvaal" title="Küürvaal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küürvaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Μεγάπτερη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάπτερη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Ciba_baleno" title="Ĝiba baleno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝiba baleno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xibarta" title="Xibarta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xibarta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%98%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="نهنگ گوژپشت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نهنگ گوژپشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BAlub%C3%B8ka" title="Kúlubøka – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kúlubøka" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleine_%C3%A0_bosse" title="Baleine à bosse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baleine à bosse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADol_m%C3%B3r_dronnach" title="Míol mór dronnach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Míol mór dronnach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xibardo" title="Xibardo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xibardo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B9%EB%93%B1%EA%B3%A0%EB%9E%98" title="혹등고래 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="혹등고래" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Սապատավոր կետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սապատավոր կետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grbavi_kit" title="Grbavi kit – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grbavi kit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_bungkuk" title="Paus bungkuk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus bungkuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hn%C3%BAfubakur" title="Hnúfubakur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hnúfubakur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C-%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8" title="לווייתן גדול-סנפיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לווייתן גדול-סנפיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2" title="ಗೂನುತಿಮಿಂಗಲ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೂನುತಿಮಿಂಗಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%90_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="კუზა ვეშაპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუზა ვეშაპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Өркешті кит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өркешті кит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megenol_(Megaptera_novaeangliae)" title="Megenol (Megaptera novaeangliae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Megenol (Megaptera novaeangliae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Өркөчтүү кит – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өркөчтүү кит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuprvalis" title="Kuprvalis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kuprvalis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bockelwal" title="Bockelwal – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bockelwal" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuprotasis_banginis" title="Kuprotasis banginis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kuprotasis banginis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatero" title="Megatero – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Megatero" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossz%C3%BAsz%C3%A1rny%C3%BA_b%C3%A1lna" title="Hosszúszárnyú bálna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hosszúszárnyú bálna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Грбав кит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грбав кит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="കൂനൻ തിമിംഗിലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൂനൻ തിമിംഗിലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1" title="جمل البحر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمل البحر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_kelasa" title="Paus kelasa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paus kelasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Бөгтөр халим – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөгтөр халим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultrug" title="Bultrug – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bultrug" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A9" title="ザトウクジラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザトウクジラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%B8lhval" title="Knølhval – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Knølhval" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%B8lkval" title="Knølkval – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Knølkval" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="کبی وہیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کبی وہیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%82ugop%C5%82etwiec_oceaniczny" title="Długopłetwiec oceaniczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Długopłetwiec oceaniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleia-jubarte" title="Baleia-jubarte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baleia-jubarte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balen%C4%83_cu_cocoa%C8%99%C4%83" title="Balenă cu cocoașă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Balenă cu cocoașă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Горбатый кит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горбатый кит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balena_gunga%C3%A7e" title="Balena gungaçe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Balena gungaçe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Humpback whale" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C3%A1skavec_dlhoplutv%C3%BD" title="Vráskavec dlhoplutvý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vráskavec dlhoplutvý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_grbavec" title="Kit grbavec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kit grbavec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Грбави кит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грбави кит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grbavi_kit" title="Grbavi kit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grbavi kit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryh%C3%A4valas" title="Ryhävalas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ryhävalas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%B6lval" title="Knölval – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Knölval" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கூனல் முதுகுத் திமிங்கிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூனல் முதுகுத் திமிங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="วาฬหลังค่อม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาฬหลังค่อม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambur_balina" title="Kambur balina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kambur balina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Горбатий кит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горбатий кит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbakaz_kit" title="Gurbakaz kit – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gurbakaz kit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1_voi_l%C6%B0ng_g%C3%B9" title="Cá voi lưng gù – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cá voi lưng gù" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" title="Megaptera novaeangliae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Megaptera novaeangliae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%B4%E9%B2%B8" title="座头鲸 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="座头鲸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:217.56307692308px; width:2.4369230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:217.56307692308px; width:2.4369230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:218.56307692308px; width:0.43692307692308px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span> <a href="/wiki/Late_Miocene" title="Late Miocene">Late Miocene</a> – <a href="/wiki/Recent" class="mw-redirect" title="Recent">Recent</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg/220px-Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg/330px-Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg/440px-Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="594" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_whale_size_(color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration of a whale next to a human diver" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Humpback_whale_size_%28color%29.svg/220px-Humpback_whale_size_%28color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Humpback_whale_size_%28color%29.svg/330px-Humpback_whale_size_%28color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Humpback_whale_size_%28color%29.svg/440px-Humpback_whale_size_%28color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Size compared to an average human </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix I<small> (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CITES_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITES-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Megaptera" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Balaenopteridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Megaptera</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1846</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>M. novaeangliae</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Georg_Heinrich_Borowski" title="Georg Heinrich Borowski">Borowski</a>, 1781)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>M. n. australis</i></li> <li><i>M. n. kuzira</i></li> <li><i>M. n. novaeangliae</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg/220px-Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg/330px-Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg/440px-Cypron-Range_Megaptera_novaeangliae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Humpback whale range (in blue) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Balaena gibbosa</i> <small>Erxleben, 1777</small></li> <li><i>B. boops</i> <small>Fabricius, 1780</small></li> <li><i>B. nodosa</i> <small>Bonnaterre, 1789</small></li> <li><i>B. longimana</i> <small>Rudolphi, 1832</small></li> <li><i>Megaptera longimana</i> <small>Gray, 1846</small></li> <li><i>Kyphobalaena longimana</i> <small>Van Beneden, 1861</small></li> <li><i>Megaptera versabilis</i> <small>Cope, 1869</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>humpback whale</b> (<i><b>Megaptera novaeangliae</b></i>) is a species of <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">baleen whale</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">rorqual</a> (a member of the family <a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a>) and is the <a href="/wiki/Monotypic_taxon" title="Monotypic taxon">only species</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><b>Megaptera</b></i>. Adults range in length from 14–17 m (46–56 ft) and weigh up to 40 metric tons (44 short tons). The humpback has a distinctive body shape, with long <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral fins">pectoral fins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tubercle" title="Tubercle">tubercles</a> on its head. It is known for <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_surfacing_behaviour" title="Cetacean surfacing behaviour">breaching and other distinctive surface behaviors</a>, making it popular with <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watchers</a>. Males produce a complex <a href="/wiki/Whale_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Whale sound">song</a> that typically lasts from 4 to 33 minutes. </p><p>Found in <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of seas">seas</a> around the world, humpback whales typically <a href="/wiki/Animal_migration" title="Animal migration">migrate</a> up to 16,000 km (9,900 mi) each year. They feed in <a href="/wiki/Polar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar region">polar</a> waters and migrate to <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> waters to breed and give birth. Their diet consists mostly of <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a> and small <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, and they usually <a href="/wiki/Bubble-net_feeding" title="Bubble-net feeding">use bubbles</a> to catch prey. They are <a href="/wiki/Polygynandry" title="Polygynandry">polygynandrous</a> breeders, with both sexes having multiple partners. <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orcas</a> are the main natural predators of humpback whales. The bodies of humpbacks host <a href="/wiki/Barnacle" title="Barnacle">barnacles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whale_lice" class="mw-redirect" title="Whale lice">whale lice</a>. </p><p>Like other large whales, the humpback was a target for the <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a> industry. Humans once hunted the species to the brink of <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>: its population fell to around 5,000 by the 1960s. Numbers have partially recovered to some 135,000 animals worldwide, but entanglement in <a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">fishing gear</a>, collisions with ships, and <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a> continue to affect the species. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The humpback was first identified as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baleine de la Nouvelle Angleterre</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson" title="Mathurin Jacques Brisson">Mathurin Jacques Brisson</a> in his <i>Regnum Animale</i> of 1756. In 1781, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Heinrich_Borowski" title="Georg Heinrich Borowski">Georg Heinrich Borowski</a> described the species, converting Brisson's name to its <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> equivalent, <i>Balaena novaeangliae</i>. In 1804, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Germain_de_Lac%C3%A9p%C3%A8de" title="Bernard Germain de Lacépède">Bernard Germain de Lacépède</a> renamed it <i>B. jubartes</i>. In 1846, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">John Edward Gray</a> created the genus <i>Megaptera</i>, classifying the humpback as <i>Megaptera longipinna</i>, but in 1932, <a href="/wiki/Remington_Kellogg" title="Remington Kellogg">Remington Kellogg</a> reverted the species name to use Borowski's <i>novaeangliae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common name is derived from the curving of the whales' backs when diving. The genus name, <i>Megaptera</i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <i>mega-</i> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μεγα</span></span> ("giant") and <i>ptera</i> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πτερα</span></span> ("wing"),<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellScott2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellScott2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refer to their large front flippers. The species name means "New Englander" and was probably given by Brisson due to regular sightings of humpbacks off the coast of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WJ_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humpback whales are <a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">rorquals</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">sei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whales</a>. A 2018 genomic analysis estimated that rorquals diverged from other baleen whales in the late <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, between 10.5 and 7.5 million years ago. The humpback and fin whales were found to be <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister taxons</a> (see the <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> below).<sup id="cite_ref-Arnason_etal_2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnason_etal_2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is reference to a humpback–blue whale hybrid in the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Ocean">South Pacific</a>, attributed to marine biologist Michael Poole.<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hatch_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:75%;width:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>B. acutorostrata/bonaerensis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whale</a> species complex) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antarctic minke whale illustration"><img alt="Antarctic minke whale illustration with a dark top, a creamy underside, a long robust body, and a dorsal fin where the back begins to slope down" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg/50px-Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg/75px-Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg/100px-Rorcual_austral_3_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="213" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>B. musculus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>)<span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blauwal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Blue whale illustration"><img alt="Blue whale illustration with a dark blue tail, a slightly lighter shade of blue overall, and a small dorsal fin close to the tail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blauwal.png/50px-Blauwal.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blauwal.png/75px-Blauwal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blauwal.png/100px-Blauwal.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="126" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>B. borealis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">sei whale</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sei whale illustration"><img alt="Sei whale illustration with an overall dark coloration, white underbelly, a long robust body, and a dorsal fin near the tail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg/50px-Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg/75px-Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg/100px-Balaenoptera_borealis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="563" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Eschrichtius robustus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whale</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gray whale illustration"><img alt="Gray whale illustration with a sleet gray color, lightly colored spots mainly on the head and top, a robust body, and small bumps where the back slopes downwards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg/50px-Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg/75px-Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg/100px-Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>B. physalus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_(Balaenoptera_physalus)_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fin whale illustration"><img alt="Fin whale illustration with a dark backside, white underside, lightly colored head, a slender body, and a small dorsal fin near the tail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_%28Balaenoptera_physalus%29_flipped.jpg/50px-Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_%28Balaenoptera_physalus%29_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_%28Balaenoptera_physalus%29_flipped.jpg/75px-Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_%28Balaenoptera_physalus%29_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_%28Balaenoptera_physalus%29_flipped.jpg/100px-Rorcual_com%C3%BAn_%28Balaenoptera_physalus%29_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Megaptera novaeangliae</b></i> (<b>humpback whale</b>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Humpback whale illustration"><img alt="Humpback whale illustration with an overall dark coloration, white underbelly, a robust body, and a small, stunted dorsal fin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg/50px-Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg/75px-Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg/100px-Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="552" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Modern humpback whale populations originated in the southern hemisphere around 880,000 years ago and colonized the northern hemisphere 200,000 to 50,000 years ago. A 2014 genetic study suggested that the separate populations in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans have had limited <a href="/wiki/Gene_flow" title="Gene flow">gene flow</a> and are distinct enough to be <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>, with the scientific names of <i>M. n. novaeangliae</i>, <i>M. n. kuzira</i>, and <i>M. n. australis</i>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-subspecies_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-subspecies-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A non-migratory population in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> has been isolated for 70,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Pomilla_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pomilla-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_Whale,_blowholes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Humpback_Whale%2C_blowholes.jpg/220px-Humpback_Whale%2C_blowholes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Humpback_Whale%2C_blowholes.jpg/330px-Humpback_Whale%2C_blowholes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Humpback_Whale%2C_blowholes.jpg/440px-Humpback_Whale%2C_blowholes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2617" data-file-height="1786" /></a><figcaption>Young whale with <a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(anatomy)" title="Blowhole (anatomy)">blowholes</a> visible</figcaption></figure> <p>The adult humpback whale is generally 14–15 m (46–49 ft) long, though individuals up to 16–17 m (52–56 ft) long have been recorded. Females are usually 1–1.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) longer than males.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species can reach body masses of 40 metric tons (44 short tons). Calves are born at around 4.3 m (14 ft) long with a mass of 680 kg (1,500 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species has a bulky body with a thin <a href="/wiki/Rostrum_(anatomy)" title="Rostrum (anatomy)">rostrum</a> and proportionally long flippers, each around one-third of its body length.<sup id="cite_ref-plan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a short dorsal fin that varies from nearly nonexistent to somewhat long and curved. Like other rorquals, the humpback has grooves between the tip of the lower jaw and the navel.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grooves are relatively few in number in this species, ranging from 14 to 35.<sup id="cite_ref-plan_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper jaws is lined with baleen plates, which number 540–800 in total and are black in color.<sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dorsal or upper side of the animal is generally black; the ventral or underside has various levels of black and white coloration.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whales in the southern hemisphere tend to have more white pigmentation. The flippers can vary from all-white to white only on the undersurface.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some individuals may be all white, notably <a href="/wiki/Migaloo" title="Migaloo">Migaloo</a> who is a true albino.<sup id="cite_ref-jhered_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jhered-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The varying color patterns and scars on the tail flukes distinguish individual animals.<sup id="cite_ref-KatonaWhitehead_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KatonaWhitehead-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KaufmanSmultea_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaufmanSmultea-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The end of the genital slit of the female is marked by a round feature, known as the hemispherical lobe, which visually distinguishes males and females.<sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glockner_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glockner-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unique among large whales, humpbacks have bumps or <a href="/wiki/Tubercle" title="Tubercle">tubercles</a> on the head and front edge of the flippers; the tail fluke has a jagged <a href="/wiki/Trailing_edge" title="Trailing edge">trailing edge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tubercles on the head are 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) thick at the base and protrude up to 6.5 cm (2.6 in). They are mostly hollow in the center, often containing at least one fragile hair that erupts 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) from the skin and is 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) thick. The tubercles develop early in gestation and may have a sensory function, as they are rich in nerves.<sup id="cite_ref-tubercles_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tubercles-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sensory nerve cells in the skin are adapted to withstand the high water pressure of diving.<sup id="cite_ref-Eldridge_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eldridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one study, a humpback whale brain measured 22.4 cm (8.8 in) long and 18 cm (7.1 in) wide at the tips of the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe" title="Temporal lobe">temporal lobes</a>, and weighed around 4.6 kg (10 lb). The humpback's brain has a complexity similar to that of the brains of smaller whales and dolphins.<sup id="cite_ref-Hof_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hof-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Computer models of the middle ear suggest that the humpback can hear at frequencies between 15<span class="nowrap"> </span>Hz and 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>kHz "when stimulated at the <a href="/wiki/Eardrum" title="Eardrum">tympanic membrane</a>", and between 200<span class="nowrap"> </span>Hz and 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>kHz "if stimulated at the thinner region of the <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tympanic bone">tympanic bone</a> adjacent to the tympanic membrane". These ranges are consistent with their vocalization ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-hearing_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hearing-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in all cetaceans, the respiratory tract of the humpback whale is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(anatomy)" title="Blowhole (anatomy)">blowholes</a> and not to the mouth,<sup id="cite_ref-respiratorytract_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-respiratorytract-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the species appears to be able to unlock the <a href="/wiki/Epiglottis" title="Epiglottis">epiglottis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a> and move them towards the oral cavity, allowing humpbacks to blow bubbles from their mouths.<sup id="cite_ref-Reidenberg_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reidenberg-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vocal folds of the humpback are more horizontally positioned than those of land mammals which allows them to produce underwater calls.<sup id="cite_ref-respiratorytract_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-respiratorytract-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These calls are amplified by a laryngeal sac.<sup id="cite_ref-Adam_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adam-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior_and_ecology">Behavior and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Behavior and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a humpback in profile with most of its body out of the water, with back forming an acute angle to water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/200px-026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/300px-026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/400px-026b_Humpback_whale_jump_and_splash_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7785" data-file-height="5190" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Humpback <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_surfacing_behaviour" title="Cetacean surfacing behaviour">breaching</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of humpback tail slaping at the surface. Rest of body underwater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/200px-030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/300px-030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/400px-030_Humpback_whale_lobtailing_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6391" data-file-height="4261" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Humpback <a href="/wiki/Lobtailing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobtailing">lobtailing</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Humpback whale groups, aside from mothers and calves, typically stay together for days or weeks at the most.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-claphamj_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claphamj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are normally sighted in small groups, though large <a href="/wiki/Aggregation_(ethology)" title="Aggregation (ethology)">aggregations</a> form during feeding and among males competing for females.<sup id="cite_ref-claphamj_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claphamj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpbacks may interact with other cetacean species, such as <a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">right whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abrolhos_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abrolhos-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mobley_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobley-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deakos_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deakos-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpbacks are highly active at the surface, performing aerial behaviors such as <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_surfacing_behavior#Breaching_and_lunging" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean surfacing behavior">breaching</a>, surface slapping with the tail fluke (<a href="/wiki/Cetacean_surfacing_behavior#Lobtailing_and_slapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean surfacing behavior">lobtailing</a>) and flippers, and <a href="/wiki/Peduncle_throw" class="mw-redirect" title="Peduncle throw">peduncle throws</a>, which involve the tail crashing sideways on the surface. These may be forms of <a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">play</a> and communication, and may help to remove parasites.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-surfacing_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surfacing-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species is a slower swimmer than other rorquals, cruising at 7.9–15.1 km/h (4.9–9.4 mph). When threatened, a humpback may speed up to 27 km/h (17 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their proportionally long pectoral fins give them great propulsion and allow them to swim in any direction, independently of the movements of the tail. Humpbacks are able to flap and rotate their flippers in a manner similar to <a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flipper_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flipper-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humpbacks rest at the surface with their bodies lying horizontally.<sup id="cite_ref-Iwata_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iwata-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They frequent shallow <a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">seamounts</a>, commonly exploring depths of up to 80 meters (260 ft) and occasionally diving as deep as 616 meters (2,021 ft). These deeper descents are believed to serve various purposes, including navigational guidance, communication with fellow humpback whales, and facilitation of feeding activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Derville_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derville-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dives typically do not exceed five minutes during the summer but are normally 15–20 minutes during the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it dives, a humpback typically raises its tail fluke, exposing the underside.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpbacks have been observed to produce oral "bubble clouds" when near another individual, possibly in the context of "aggression, mate attraction, or play". Humpbacks may also use bubble clouds as "smoke screens" to escape from predators.<sup id="cite_ref-Reidenberg_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reidenberg-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding">Feeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of several whales, each with only its head visible above the surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg/200px-Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg/300px-Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg/400px-Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1319" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A group of whales bubble-net fishing near <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau, Alaska</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm/200px--Bubble_net_feeding.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="218" data-durationhint="43" data-mwtitle="Bubble_net_feeding.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm/Bubble_net_feeding.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="440" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="480" data-height="524" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm/Bubble_net_feeding.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="132" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm/Bubble_net_feeding.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="220" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm/Bubble_net_feeding.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="330" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Bubble_net_feeding.webm/Bubble_net_feeding.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="330" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Video of bubble net feeding in Alaska.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Humpback whales feed from spring to fall. They are <a href="/wiki/Generalist_and_specialist_species" title="Generalist and specialist species">generalist</a> feeders; their main food items are <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">copepods</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a>, and small schooling fish. The most common krill species eaten in the southern hemisphere is the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_krill" title="Antarctic krill">Antarctic krill</a>. Farther north, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_krill" title="Northern krill">northern krill</a> and various species of <i><a href="/wiki/Euphausia" title="Euphausia">Euphausia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Thysanoessa" title="Thysanoessa">Thysanoessa</a></i> are consumed. Fish prey include <a href="/wiki/Clupea" title="Clupea">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">capelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammodytoides" title="Ammodytoides">sand lances</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_mackerel" title="Atlantic mackerel">Atlantic mackerel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mammalian_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mammalian-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other rorquals, humpbacks are "gulp feeders", swallowing prey in bulk, while <a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">right whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whales</a> are skimmers.<sup id="cite_ref-claphamj_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claphamj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whale increases its mouth gape by expanding the grooves.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water is pushed out through the baleen.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedlaender_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedlaender-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the southern hemisphere, humpbacks have been recorded foraging in large, compact gatherings numbering up to 200 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-supergroup_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supergroup-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study undertaken in May 2009 found a super-aggregation of <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Bay" title="Wilhelmina Bay">Wilhelmina Bay</a>, on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, with a large number of humpback whales feeding on the krill. Researchers counted a density of 5.1 whales per square kilometer. Smaller and less dense aggregations of krill and whales were also found in <a href="/wiki/Andvord_Bay" title="Andvord Bay">Andvord Bay</a> to the south. Krill and humpback whales are abundant in late autumn along the western Antarctic Peninsula, particularly in Wilhelmina Bay, where the whales seem to eat as much as possible in preparation for the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilhelmina_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilhelmina-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humpbacks typically hunt their prey with <a href="/wiki/Bubble-net_feeding" title="Bubble-net feeding">bubble nets</a>, which is considered to be a form of <a href="/wiki/Tool_use_by_non-humans" title="Tool use by non-humans">tool use</a>. Bubble-net feeding allows whales to consume more food per mouthful while using less energy; it is particularly useful for low-density prey patches.<sup id="cite_ref-Szabo_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szabo-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group swims in a shrinking circle while blowing air from their blowholes, capturing prey above in a cylinder of <a href="/wiki/Bubble_(physics)" title="Bubble (physics)">bubbles</a>. They may dive up to 20 m (70 ft) while performing this technique. Bubble-netting comes in two main forms: upward spirals and double loops. Upward spirals involve the whales blowing air from their blowholes continuously as they circle towards the surface, creating a spiral of bubbles. Double loops consist of a deep, long loop of bubbles that herds the prey, followed by slapping the surface and then a smaller loop of bubbles that precedes the final capture. Combinations of spiraling and looping have been recorded. After the humpbacks create the "nets", the whales swim into them with their mouths gaping and ready to swallow.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedlaender_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedlaender-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bubble-net feeding has also been observed in solitary humpbacks.<sup id="cite_ref-Szabo_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szabo-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using <a href="/wiki/Network-based_diffusion_analysis" title="Network-based diffusion analysis">network-based diffusion analysis</a>, one study argued that whales learned lobtailing from other whales in their group over 27 years in response to a change in primary prey.<sup id="cite_ref-Lobtail_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lobtail-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whaleculture_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whaleculture-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tubercles on the flippers stall the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a>, which both maximizes <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a> and minimizes <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Tubercle_effect" title="Tubercle effect">tubercle effect</a>). This, along with the shape of the flippers, allows the whales to make the abrupt turns necessary during bubble-feeding.<sup id="cite_ref-Fish_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fish-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Stellwagen_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellwagen Bank">Stellwagen Bank</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, humpback whales have been recorded foraging at the seafloor for sand lances. This involves the whales flushing out the fish by brushing their jaws against the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-bottomfeeding_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bottomfeeding-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtship_and_reproduction">Courtship and reproduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Courtship and reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mating takes place during the winter months, which is when females reach <a href="/wiki/Estrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrus">estrus</a> and males reach peak testosterone and sperm levels.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpback whales are <a href="/wiki/Polygynandry" title="Polygynandry">polygynandrous</a> (both sexes have multiple partners).<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clapham97_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clapham97-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paternity_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paternity-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males frequently trail both lone females and cow–calf pairs. These males are known as "escorts"; the male that is closest to the female is known as the "principal escort", and fights off the other suitors, known as "challengers". Other males, called "secondary escorts", trail farther behind and are not directly involved in the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agonistic_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Agonistic behavior">Agonistic behavior</a> between males consists of tail slashing, ramming, and head-butting.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males have also been observed engaging in <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_behavior_in_animals" title="Homosexual behavior in animals">copulation with each other</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stack_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stack-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gestation in the species lasts 11.5 months, and females reproduce every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fetuses start out with teeth and develop their baleen during the last months of their gestation.<sup id="cite_ref-prenatal_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prenatal-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpback whale births have rarely been observed by humans. One birth witnessed off Madagascar occurred within four minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-shortnote_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shortnote-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mothers typically give birth in mid-winter, usually to a single calf.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before birth, a mother whale will move to shallower water near the coast, which reduces her chances of being harassed by escort males. It is common for the mother to help her newborn calf reach the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-birth_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young start out with furled dorsal fins, which straighten and stiffen as the calves get older. Calves with furled fins spend more time traveling and surfacing to breathe; calves with straighter fins can hold their breath longer and can rest and circle at the surface more. Older calves are away from their mothers more than younger calves.<sup id="cite_ref-calves_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calves-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calves suckle for up to a year but can eat adult food at six months. Humpbacks are sexually mature at 5–10 years, depending on the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may live for over 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_whale_(Megaptera_novaeangliae)_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mother with calf off Moorea, French Polynesia"><img alt="Mother with calf off Moorea, French Polynesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg/404px-Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg/606px-Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg/808px-Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_with_calf_Moorea_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7899" data-file-height="4692" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mother with calf off <a href="/wiki/Moorea" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorea">Moorea</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_whale_(Megaptera_novaeangliae)_calf_Moorea_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="the same calf off Moorea"><img alt="the same calf off Moorea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_calf_Moorea_2.jpg/360px-Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_calf_Moorea_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_calf_Moorea_2.jpg/540px-Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_calf_Moorea_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_calf_Moorea_2.jpg/720px-Humpback_whale_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_calf_Moorea_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7896" data-file-height="5264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">the same calf off <a href="/wiki/Moorea" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorea">Moorea</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalizations">Vocalizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vocalizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Whale_vocalization#Song_of_the_humpback_whale" title="Whale vocalization">Whale vocalization § Song of the humpback whale</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HumBack2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/HumBack2.jpg/300px-HumBack2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/HumBack2.jpg/450px-HumBack2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/HumBack2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spectrogram" title="Spectrogram">Spectrogram</a> of humpback whale vocalizations: detail is shown for the first 24 seconds of the 37-second recording "Singing Humpbacks". <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpbackwhale2.ogg" title="File:Humpbackwhale2.ogg">Singing humpbacks</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="38" data-mwtitle="Humpbackwhale2.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Humpbackwhale2.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Humpbackwhale2.ogg/Humpbackwhale2.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Recording of humpback whales singing.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Male humpback whales produce complex songs during the winter breeding season. These vocals range in <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> between 100 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> and 4 kHz, with <a href="/wiki/Harmonic" title="Harmonic">harmonics</a> reaching up to 24 kHz or more, and can travel at least 10 km (6.2 mi). Males may sing for between 4 and 33 minutes, depending on the region. In Hawaii, humpback whales have been recorded vocalizing for as long as seven hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman2017_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman2017-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songs are divided into "subunits", "units", "subphrases", "phrases", and "themes". A subunit refers to the discontinuities or inflections of a sound, while full units are individual sounds, similar to <a href="/wiki/Musical_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical notes">musical notes</a>. A succession of units creates a subphrase, and a collection of subphrases make up a phrase. Similar-sounding phrases are repeated in a series grouped into themes, and multiple themes create a song.<sup id="cite_ref-Cholewiak2012_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cholewiak2012-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpback whale songs appear to follow <a href="/wiki/Zipf%27s_law" title="Zipf's law">Zipf's law</a>, similar to human languages.<sup id="cite_ref-language_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The function of these songs has been debated, and they may have multiple purposes. There is little evidence to suggest that songs establish <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance</a> among males. However, there have been observations of non-singing males disrupting singers, possibly in aggression. Those who join singers are males who were not previously singing. Females do not appear to approach singers that are alone, but may be drawn to gatherings of singing males, much like a <a href="/wiki/Lek_mating" title="Lek mating">lek mating</a> system. Another possibility is that songs bring in foreign whales to populate breeding grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman2017_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman2017-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been suggested that humpback whale songs have <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocating</a> properties and may serve to locate other whales.<sup id="cite_ref-sonic_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sonic-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2023 study found that as humpback whale numbers have recovered from whaling, singing has become less common.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlop_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlop-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whale songs are similar among males in a specific area. Males may alter their songs over time, and others in contact with them copy these changes.<sup id="cite_ref-Cholewiak2012_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cholewiak2012-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songs have been shown in some cases to spread between neighboring populations throughout successive breeding seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21497089_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21497089-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northern hemisphere, songs change more gradually, while southern hemisphere songs go through cyclical "revolutions".<sup id="cite_ref-Zanberg_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zanberg-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humpback whales are reported to make other vocalizations. "Snorts" are quick, low-frequency sounds, commonly heard among animals in groups consisting of a mother–calf pair and one or more male escorts. These likely function to mediate interactions within these groups. "Grumbles" are also low in frequency but last longer and are more often made by groups containing one or more adult males. They appear to signal body size and may serve to establish social status. "Thwops" and "wops" are <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">frequency-modulated</a> vocals that may serve as <a href="/wiki/Contact_call" title="Contact call">contact calls</a> both within and between groups. High-pitched "cries", "violins", and modulated "shrieks" are normally heard in groups with two or more males and are associated with competition. Humpback whales produce short, low-frequency "grunts" and short, modulated "barks" when joining new groups.<sup id="cite_ref-nonsong_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonsong-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predation">Predation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Predation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Visible scars indicate that <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orcas</a> prey upon juvenile humpbacks.<sup id="cite_ref-claphamj_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claphamj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2014 study in Western Australia observed that when available in large numbers, young humpbacks can be attacked and sometimes killed by orcas. Mothers and (possibly related) adults escort calves to deter such predation. The suggestion is that when humpbacks suffered near-extinction during the whaling era, orcas turned to other prey but are now resuming their former practice.<sup id="cite_ref-RESGA_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RESGA-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also evidence that humpback whales will defend against or <a href="/wiki/Mobbing_(animal_behavior)" title="Mobbing (animal behavior)">mob</a> orcas who are attacking either humpback calves or juveniles as well as members of other species, including <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>. The humpback's protection of other species may be unintentional, a "spillover" of mobbing behavior intended to protect members of its species. The powerful flippers of humpback whales, often infested with large, sharp <a href="/wiki/Coronula" title="Coronula">barnacles</a>, are formidable weapons against orcas. When threatened, they will thrash their flippers and tails, keeping the orcas at bay.<sup id="cite_ref-mobbing_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobbing-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">great white shark</a> is another confirmed predator of the humpback whale. In 2020, Marine biologists Dines and Gennari et al. published a documented incident of a pair of great white sharks attacking and killing a live adult humpback whale.<sup id="cite_ref-DinesandGennari_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinesandGennari-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second incident of a great white shark killing a humpback whale was documented off the coast of South Africa. Working alone, the shark attacked a 10-metre (33 ft), emaciated and entangled humpback whale by attacking the whale's tail to cripple and bleed the whale before she managed to drown the whale by biting onto its head and pulling it underwater.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-express_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-express-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infestations_and_health_threats">Infestations and health threats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Infestations and health threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_(mirrored).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%28mirrored%29.jpg/220px-Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%28mirrored%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%28mirrored%29.jpg/330px-Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%28mirrored%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%28mirrored%29.jpg/440px-Anim1032_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%28mirrored%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Coronula_diadema" title="Coronula diadema">Coronula diadema</a></i> on a humpback</figcaption></figure> <p>Humpback whales often have <a href="/wiki/Barnacle" title="Barnacle">barnacles</a> living on their skin, the most common being the <a href="/wiki/Acorn_barnacle" title="Acorn barnacle">acorn barnacle</a> species <i><a href="/wiki/Coronula_diadema" title="Coronula diadema">Coronula diadema</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronula_reginae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronula reginae (page does not exist)">Coronula reginae</a></i>, which in turn are sites for attachment for <a href="/wiki/Goose_barnacle" title="Goose barnacle">goose barnacle</a> species like <i><a href="/wiki/Conchoderma_auritum" title="Conchoderma auritum">Conchoderma auritum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Conchoderma_virgatum" title="Conchoderma virgatum">Conchoderma virgatum</a></i>. They are most abundant at the lower jaw tip, along the middle ventral groove, near the genital slit, and between the bumps on the flippers. <i>C. reginae</i> digs deep into the skin, while attachments by <i>C. diadema</i> are more superficial. The size of the latter species provides more sites for attachment by other barnacles. Barnacles are considered to be <a href="/wiki/Epibiont" title="Epibiont">epibionts</a> rather than parasites, as they do not feed on the whales, though they can affect their swimming by increasing <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-barnacles_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnacles-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Whale_louse" title="Whale louse">whale louse</a> species <i><a href="/wiki/Cyamus_boopis" title="Cyamus boopis">Cyamus boopis</a></i> is specialized for feeding on humpback whales and is the only species in its family found on them.<sup id="cite_ref-lice_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lice-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internal parasites of humpbacks include protozoans of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Entamoeba" title="Entamoeba">Entamoeba</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tapeworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapeworm">tapeworms</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Diphyllobothriidae" title="Diphyllobothriidae">Diphyllobothriidae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roundworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundworm">roundworms</a> of the infraorder <a href="/wiki/Ascaridomorpha" title="Ascaridomorpha">Ascaridomorpha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-endoparasite_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endoparasite-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saxitoxin" title="Saxitoxin">Saxitoxin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Paralytic_shellfish_poisoning" title="Paralytic shellfish poisoning">paralytic shellfish poisoning</a> from contaminated mackerel, has been implicated in humpback whale deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-DieraufGulland2001_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DieraufGulland2001-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range">Range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg/220px-Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg/330px-Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg/440px-Breach_W_Lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1129" /></a><figcaption>A humpback whale breaching off Alaska in the United States.</figcaption></figure> <p>Humpback whales are found in marine waters <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution">worldwide</a>, except for some areas at the equator and High Arctic and some enclosed seas.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farthest north they have been recorded is at <a href="/wiki/81st_parallel_north" title="81st parallel north">81°N</a> around northern <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Land" title="Franz Josef Land">Franz Josef Land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Franz_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franz-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are usually coastal and tend to congregate in waters within <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelves</a>. Their winter breeding grounds are located around the equator; their summer feeding areas are found in colder waters, including near the polar ice caps. Humpbacks go on vast <a href="/wiki/Animal_migration" title="Animal migration">migrations</a> between their feeding and breeding areas, often crossing the open ocean. The species has been recorded traveling up to 8,000 km (5,000 mi) in one direction.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Northern Hemisphere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png/220px-Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png/330px-Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png/440px-Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary_submerged_humpback_whales.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Humpback whales in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands_Humpback_Whale_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary">Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the North Atlantic, there are two separate wintering populations, one in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, from Cuba to northern Venezuela, and the other in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde Islands">Cape Verde Islands</a> and northwest Africa. During summer, West Indies humpbacks congregate off <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, eastern Canada, and western <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, while the Cape Verde population gathers around Iceland and Norway. There is some overlap in the summer ranges of these populations, and West Indies humpbacks have been documented feeding farther east.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whale visits into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> have been infrequent but have occurred in the gulf historically.<sup id="cite_ref-texas_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-texas-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were considered to be uncommon in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, but increased sightings, including re-sightings, indicate that more whales may colonize or recolonize it in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-Panigada_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panigada-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Pacific has at least four breeding populations: off Mexico (including <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula" title="Baja California peninsula">Baja California</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revillagigedos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Revillagigedos Islands">Revillagigedos Islands</a>), Central America, the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>, and both <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The Mexican population forages from the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian Island">Aleutian Islands</a> to California. During the summer, Central American humpbacks are found only off Oregon and California. In contrast, Hawaiian humpbacks have a wide feeding range, but most travel to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">southeast Alaska</a> and northern British Columbia. The wintering grounds of the Okinawa/Philippines population are mainly around the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a>. There is some evidence for a fifth population somewhere in the northwestern Pacific. These whales are recorded to feed off the Aleutians, with a breeding area somewhere south of the <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An isolated, non-migratory population feeds and breeds in the northern Indian Ocean, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> around <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This population has also been recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, and off the coasts of Pakistan and India.<sup id="cite_ref-arabian_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arabian-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Southern Hemisphere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/200px--Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_(Megaptera_novaeangliae)_near_Cape_Solander,_New_South_Wales,_Australia.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm/Aerial_view_of_three_humpback_whales_%28Megaptera_novaeangliae%29_near_Cape_Solander%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Aerial view of three humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) near Cape Solander, New South Wales, Australia</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg/200px-Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg/300px-Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg/400px-Humpback_Whales_in_antarctica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="551" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Humpback on its back in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In the Southern Hemisphere, humpback whales are divided into seven breeding stocks, some of which are further divided into sub-structures. These include the southwestern Atlantic (stock A), the southeastern Atlantic (stock B), the southwestern Indian Ocean (stock C), the southeastern Indian Ocean (stock D), the southwestern Pacific and Oceania (stocks E and F), and the southeastern Pacific (stock G).<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stock G breeds in tropical and subtropical waters off the west coast of Central and South America and forages along the west coast of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a>, the <a href="/wiki/South_Orkney_Islands" title="South Orkney Islands">South Orkney Islands</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>. Stock A winters off Brazil and migrates to summer grounds around <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a>. Some stock A individuals have also been recorded off the western Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting an increased blurring of the boundaries between the feeding areas of stocks A and G.<sup id="cite_ref-southamerican_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southamerican-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stock B breeds on the west coast of Africa and is further divided into Bl and B2 subpopulations, the former ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> to Angola and the latter ranging from Angola to western South Africa. Stock B whales have been recorded foraging in waters to the southwest of the continent, mainly around <a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaum_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaum-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparison of songs between those at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Lopez" title="Cape Lopez">Cape Lopez</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abrolhos_Archipelago" title="Abrolhos Archipelago">Abrolhos Archipelago</a> indicate that trans-Atlantic mixings between stock A and stock B whales occur.<sup id="cite_ref-sigaa_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sigaa-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stock C whales winter around southeastern Africa and surrounding waters. This stock is further divided into C1, C2, C3, and C4 subpopulations; C1 occurs around <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and eastern South Africa, C2 around the <a href="/wiki/Comoro_Islands" title="Comoro Islands">Comoro Islands</a>, C3 off the southern and eastern coast of Madagascar, and C4 around the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a>. The feeding range of this population is likely between coordinates <a href="/wiki/5th_meridian_west" title="5th meridian west">5°W</a> and <a href="/wiki/60th_meridian_east" title="60th meridian east">60°E</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/50th_parallel_south" title="50th parallel south">50°S</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_69-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaum_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaum-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may be overlap in the feeding areas of stocks B and C.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenbaum_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenbaum-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stock D whales breed off the western coast of Australia and forage in the southern region of the <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen Plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bestley_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bestley-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stock E is divided into E1, E2, and E3 subpopulations.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_69-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> E1 whales have a breeding range off eastern Australia and <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>; their main feeding range is close to Antarctica, mainly between <a href="/wiki/130th_meridian_east" title="130th meridian east">130°E</a> and <a href="/wiki/170th_meridian_west" title="170th meridian west">170°W</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-southwestPacific_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southwestPacific-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oceania stock is divided into the <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> (E2), <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> (E3), <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> (F1), and <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> (F2) subpopulations. This stock's feeding grounds mainly range from around the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a> to the Antarctic Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-Oceania_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oceania-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_relations">Human relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Human relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whaling">Whaling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Whaling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">Whaling in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17538123954).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817538123954%29.jpg/220px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817538123954%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817538123954%29.jpg/330px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817538123954%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817538123954%29.jpg/440px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817538123954%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="2108" /></a><figcaption>Humpback whales killed by whalers off <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a>, early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Humpback whales were hunted as early as the late 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were often the first whale species to be harvested in an area due to their coastal distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Pacific kills alone are estimated at 28,000 during the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-plan_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same period, over 200,000 humpbacks were taken in the Southern Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Atlantic populations dropped to as low as 700 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-plan_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> (IWC) was founded to oversee the industry. They imposed hunting regulations and created hunting seasons. To prevent <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>, the IWC banned commercial humpback whaling in 1966. By then, the global population had been reduced to around 5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union deliberately under-recorded its catches: the Soviets reported catching 2,820 between 1947 and 1972, but the true number was over 48,000.<sup id="cite_ref-yablokov_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yablokov-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2004, hunting was restricted to a few animals each year off the Caribbean island of <a href="/wiki/Bequia" title="Bequia">Bequia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Recplan91_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recplan91-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The take is not believed to threaten the local population. Japan had planned to kill 50 humpbacks in the 2007–08 season under its <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Cetacean_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Cetacean Research">JARPA II</a> research program. The announcement sparked global protests.<sup id="cite_ref-scoop_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scoop-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a visit to Tokyo by the IWC chair asking the Japanese for their co-operation in sorting out the differences between pro- and anti-whaling nations on the commission, the Japanese whaling fleet agreed to take no humpback whales during the two years it would take to reach a formal agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC1_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the IWC authorized Greenland's native population to hunt a few humpback whales during the following three years.<sup id="cite_ref-Press_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whale-watching">Whale-watching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Whale-watching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">Whale watching</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching_in_Australia" title="Whale watching in Australia">Whale watching in Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester,_Massachusetts_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester%2C_Massachusetts_5.jpg/220px-Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester%2C_Massachusetts_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester%2C_Massachusetts_5.jpg/330px-Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester%2C_Massachusetts_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester%2C_Massachusetts_5.jpg/440px-Whale_Watching_in_Gloucester%2C_Massachusetts_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Whale watching off Massachusetts</figcaption></figure> <p>Much of the growth of commercial <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watching</a> was focused on the humpback whale. The species' highly active surface behaviors and tendency to become accustomed to boats have made them easy to observe, particularly for photographers. In 1975, humpback whale tours were established in New England and Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-whalewatch_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whalewatch-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This business brings in a revenue of $20 million per year for Hawaii's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-hawaii_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hawaii-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Hawaiian tours have tended to be commercial, New England and California whale watching tours have introduced educational components.<sup id="cite_ref-whalewatch_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whalewatch-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although whale watching can raise awareness of humpback whale conservation,<sup id="cite_ref-Peru_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peru-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whale watching boats can have negative impacts on humpbacks whales, including causing stress and disturbing behaviors like feeding, mating and socializing. This is particularly deleterious for mothers with calves. Regulations on whale vessels have included restrictions on how close the vessels can get to the whales.<sup id="cite_ref-Panama_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panama-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stamation_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stamation-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caledonia_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caledonia-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_status">Conservation status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Conservation status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeadHumpback.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of beached whale with observers in background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DeadHumpback.jpg/220px-DeadHumpback.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DeadHumpback.jpg/330px-DeadHumpback.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DeadHumpback.jpg/440px-DeadHumpback.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A dead humpback washed up near <a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2018, the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> lists the humpback whale as of <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">least concern</a>, with a worldwide population of around 135,000 whales, of which around 84,000 are mature individuals, and an increasing population trend.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marinepolicy_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marinepolicy-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regional estimates are around 13,000 in the North Atlantic, 21,000 in the North Pacific, and 80,000 in the southern hemisphere. For the isolated population in the Arabian Sea, only around 80 individuals remain,<sup id="cite_ref-Perrin2015_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrin2015-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this population is considered to be <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a>. In most areas, humpback whale populations have recovered from historic whaling, particularly in the North Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such recoveries have led to the downlisting of the species' threatened status in the United States, Canada, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Marinepolicy_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marinepolicy-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Costa Rica, <a href="/wiki/Ballena_Marine_National_Park" title="Ballena Marine National Park">Ballena Marine National Park</a> was established for humpback protection.<sup id="cite_ref-UTP_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTP-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humpbacks still face man-made threats, including entanglement by fishing gear, vessel collisions, human-caused noise and traffic disturbance, coastal habitat destruction, and climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other cetaceans, humpbacks can be injured by excessive noise. In the 19th century, two humpback whales were found dead near repeated oceanic sub-bottom blasting sites, with traumatic injuries and fractures in their ears.<sup id="cite_ref-ketten_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketten-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">oil</a> ingestion is a risk for whales, a 2019 study found that oil did not foul baleen and instead was easily rinsed by flowing water.<sup id="cite_ref-royal_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> recorded 88 stranded humpback whales between January 2016 and February 2019 along the Atlantic coast of the US. This is more than double the number of whales stranded between 2013 and 2016. Because of the increase in stranded whales, NOAA declared an unusual mortality event in April 2017. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Aquarium" title="Virginia Aquarium">Virginia Beach Aquarium</a>'s stranding response coordinator, Alexander Costidis, concluded that the two causes of these unusual mortality events were vessel interactions and entanglements.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a>, humpbacks have been the whale species that is most commonly reported to be involved in ship–whale collisions since at least 2013. To decrease the number of collisions, speed limits have been proposed in the area around the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Coloane_Marine_and_Coastal_Protected_Area" title="Francisco Coloane Marine and Coastal Protected Area">Francisco Coloane Marine and Coastal Protected Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-highrate_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highrate-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/48px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/64px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="239" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cetaceans" title="Portal:Cetaceans">Cetaceans portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/32px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/48px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/64px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1039" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Marine_life" title="Portal:Marine life">Marine life portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cetaceans" title="List of cetaceans">List of cetaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animals_with_humps" title="List of animals with humps">List of animals with humps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Whale" title="Tay Whale">Tay Whale</a> – harpooned humpback whale that was dissected by <a href="/wiki/John_Struthers_(anatomist)" title="John Struthers (anatomist)">John Struthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_the_Whale" title="Humphrey the Whale">Humphrey the Whale</a> – individual humpback whale that became famous for entering <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> during annual migration in 1985 and 1990</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humpback_whale&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeadBrownell2005" class="citation book cs1">Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14300027">"Order Cetacea"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D. E.</a>; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA723"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">723–</span>743. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Order+Cetacea&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E723-%3C%2Fspan%3E743&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=J.+G.&rft.au=Brownell%2C+R.+L.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14300027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+whale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fossil-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fossil_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36760">"Fossilworks: Megaptera"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726103550/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=36760">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Japan+changes+track+on+whaling&rft.date=2007-12-21&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F7156288.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+whale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Press-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Press_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/26/science/earth/26briefs-WHALES.html">"Greenland: Humpback Whales Are Deemed Eligible For Hunting"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animals&rft.atitle=Whales+are+dying+along+East+Coast%E2%80%94and+scientists+are+racing+to+understand+why&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fanimals%2Farticle%2Fhumpback-whales-unusual-mortality-event&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+whale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-highrate-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-highrate_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFToro,_FrederickBuchan,_Susannah_J.Alvarado-Rybak,_MarioBedriñana-Romano,_Luis2025" class="citation journal cs1">Toro, Frederick; Buchan, Susannah J.; Alvarado-Rybak, Mario; Bedriñana-Romano, Luis; Garcia-Cegarra, Ana M.; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo; Olavarria, Carlos; Sepúlveda, Maritza; Galletti-Vernazzani, Barbara; Sielfeld, Walter; Aguayo, Anelio; Capella, Juan; Perez-Alvarez, Maria José; Viddi, Francisco; Caceres, Benjamin; Gibbons, Jorge; Acevedo, Jorge; Guzman, Hector; Guerra, Jorge; Saez, Ricardo; Seguel, Mauricio; Fishbach, M. Michael (2025). "High rate of ship strike to large whales off Chile: Historical data and proposed actions to reduce risk". <i><a href="/wiki/Marine_Policy" title="Marine Policy">Marine Policy</a></i>. <b>174</b>: 106577. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025MarPo.17406577T">2025MarPo.17406577T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2024.106577">10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106577</a>.</cite><span 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data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Megaptera novaeangliae">Megaptera novaeangliae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/humpbackwhale.htm">US National Marine Fisheries Service Humpback Whale web page</a></li> <li>ARKive – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426134105/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/">images and movies of the humpback whale <i>(Megaptera novaeangliae)</i></a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceania.org.au/whales/whales.html">Humpbacks of Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060227185525/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm">The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060228132749/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm">scientific publications</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecoresearch.net/index.php?q=gallery&g2_itemId=227">Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cetace.info/videos/Baleine_a_bosse/videos_baleine_a_bosse.php">Humpback whale videos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceania.org.au/iwhales/portal/home.php">The Humpback Whales of Hervey Bay</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8318000/8318182.stm">Epic humpback whale battle filmed</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Humpback whale songs</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whalesong.net/">The Whalesong Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physorg.com/news11980.html">Article from PHYSORG.com on the complex syntax of whalesong phrases</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cetus.ucsd.edu/voicesinthesea_org/species/baleenWhales/humpback.html">Voices of the Sea – Sounds of the Humpback Whale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822220905/http://cetus.ucsd.edu/voicesinthesea_org/species/baleenWhales/humpback.html">Archived</a> 2014-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songlinesofthewhales.org/">Songlines – Songs of the Eastern Australian Humpback whales</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Conservation</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceania.org.au/expedition/research.html">The Oceania Project, Humpback Whale Research, Hervey Bay</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Videos</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lw8_SAtX8o&feature=emb_title">Humpback whales' attempt to stop killer whale attack</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_Live_(TV_series)" title="Planet Earth Live (TV series)">Planet Earth Live</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0T-RFdAcpVQ">Humpback whales defend Gray whale against Killer whales</a> (<a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIF7XWe_3Sw">Humpbacks Block Orcas' Feeding Frenzy</a> (<a href="/wiki/LiveScience" class="mw-redirect" title="LiveScience">LiveScience</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9KfHky9sMo">Humpback whales charge group of transient orcas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Seas_Foundation" title="Save Our Seas Foundation">Save Our Seas Foundation</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2XBwDNoQ9U">Humpbacks Chase Killer Whales Right Under Our Boat, 8/24/2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSia-HeDfKQ">Humpback Whale Mother Fights Off Males to Protect Calf | BBC Earth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTw8MR67xv8">Whale Protects Diver From Shark</a> | <a href="/wiki/The_Dodo_(website)" title="The Dodo (website)">The Dodo</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/383351/dead-humpback-whale-discovered-in-amazon-jungle">Dead calf</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a></li> <li>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Mysticeti_(Baleen_whales)374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">Mysticeti <small>(Baleen whales)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Balaena</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Bowhead whale (<i>B. mysticetus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">Eubalaena</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Right whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">Southern right whale (<i>E. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale (<i>E. glacialis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_right_whale" title="North Pacific right whale">North Pacific right whale (<i>E. japonica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Balaenopteridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Rorquals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenoptera" title="Balaenoptera">Balaenoptera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_minke_whale" title="Common minke whale">Common minke whale (<i>B. acutorostrata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_minke_whale" title="Antarctic minke whale">Antarctic minke whale (<i>B. bonaerensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">Sei whale (<i>B. borealis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whale (<i>B. brydei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Pygmy Bryde's whale (<i>B. edeni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">Blue whale (<i>B. musculus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omura%27s_whale" title="Omura's whale">Omura's whale (<i>B. omurai</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">Fin whale (<i>B. physalus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice%27s_whale" title="Rice's whale">Rice's whale (<i>B. ricei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Eschrichtius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Gray whale (<i>E. robustus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Megaptera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humpback whale (<i>M. novaeangliae</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cetotheriidae" title="Cetotheriidae">Cetotheriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caperea33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Caperea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Pygmy right whale (<i>C. marginata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Odontoceti_(Toothed_whales)374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti <small>(Toothed whales)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphin" title="Oceanic dolphin">Delphinidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Oceanic dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalorhynchus" title="Cephalorhynchus">Cephalorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerson%27s_dolphin" title="Commerson's dolphin">Commerson's dolphin (<i>C. commersonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_dolphin" title="Chilean dolphin">Chilean dolphin (<i>C. eutropia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%27s_dolphin" title="Heaviside's dolphin">Heaviside's dolphin (<i>C. heavisidii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin (<i>C. hectori</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Delphinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Common dolphin (<i>D. delphis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Feresa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Pygmy killer whale (<i>F. attenuata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">Globicephala</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Pilot whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-finned_pilot_whale" title="Short-finned pilot whale">Short-finned pilot whale (<i>G. macrorhynchus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">Long-finned pilot whale (<i>G. melas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Grampus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphin (<i>G. griseus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Lagenodelphis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Fraser's dolphin (<i>L. hosei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lagenorhynchus" title="Lagenorhynchus">Lagenorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-beaked_dolphin" title="White-beaked dolphin">White-beaked dolphin (<i>L. albirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphin (<i>L. acutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peale%27s_dolphin" title="Peale's dolphin">Peale's dolphin (<i>L. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass_dolphin" title="Hourglass dolphin">Hourglass dolphin (<i>L. cruciger</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_white-sided_dolphin" title="Pacific white-sided dolphin">Pacific white-sided dolphin (<i>L. obliquidens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusky_dolphin" title="Dusky dolphin">Dusky dolphin (<i>L. obscurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Right_whale_dolphin" title="Right whale dolphin">Lissodelphis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Right whale dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Northern right whale dolphin">Northern right whale dolphin (<i>L. borealis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Southern right whale dolphin">Southern right whale dolphin (<i>L. peronii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orcaella" title="Orcaella">Orcaella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphin" title="Irrawaddy dolphin">Irrawaddy dolphin (<i>O. brevirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_snubfin_dolphin" title="Australian snubfin dolphin">Australian snubfin dolphin (<i>O. heinsohni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orcinus" title="Orcinus">Orcinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orca or killer whale (<i>O. orca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Peponocephala</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Melon-headed whale (<i>P. electra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">Pseudorca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">False killer whale (<i>P. crassidens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sotalia_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotalia (genus)">Sotalia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tucuxi" title="Tucuxi">Tucuxi (<i>S. fluviatilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_dolphin" title="Guiana dolphin">Guiana dolphin (<i>S. guianensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Humpback_dolphin" title="Humpback dolphin">Sousa</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Humpback dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_humpback_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin">Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (<i>S. chinensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_humpback_dolphin" title="Indian Ocean humpback dolphin">Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (<i>S. plumbea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_humpback_dolphin" title="Australian humpback dolphin">Australian humpback dolphin (<i>S. sahulensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_humpback_dolphin" title="Atlantic humpback dolphin">Atlantic humpback dolphin (<i>S. teuszii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Stenella" title="Stenella">Stenella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantropical_spotted_dolphin" title="Pantropical spotted dolphin">Pantropical spotted dolphin (<i>S. attenuata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_dolphin" title="Clymene dolphin">Clymene dolphin (<i>S. clymene</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_dolphin" title="Striped dolphin">Striped dolphin (<i>S. coeruleoalba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_spotted_dolphin" title="Atlantic spotted dolphin">Atlantic spotted dolphin (<i>S. frontalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">Spinner dolphin (<i>S. longirostris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Steno</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Rough-toothed dolphin (<i>S. bredanensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Bottlenose dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin">Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. aduncus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrunan_dolphin" title="Burrunan dolphin">Burrunan dolphin (<i>T. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanend%27s_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin">Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. erebennus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">Common bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. truncatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Delphinapterus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Beluga whale (<i>D. leucas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Monodon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Narwhal (<i>M. monoceros</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Phocoenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Porpoises)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Finless_porpoise" title="Finless porpoise">Neophocoena</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Finless porpoises)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_finless_porpoise" title="Indo-Pacific finless porpoise">Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (<i>N. phocaenoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_finless_porpoise" title="Yangtze finless porpoise">Yangtze finless porpoise (<i>N. asiaeorientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_finless_porpoise" title="East Asian finless porpoise">East Asian finless porpoise (<i>N. sunameri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Phocoena" title="Phocoena">Phocoena</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_porpoise" title="Spectacled porpoise">Spectacled porpoise (<i>P. dioptrica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">Harbour porpoise (<i>P. phocoena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">Vaquita (<i>P. sinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeister%27s_porpoise" title="Burmeister's porpoise">Burmeister's porpoise (<i>P. spinipinnis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Phocoenoides</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Dall's porpoise (<i>P. dalli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physeteroidea" title="Physeteroidea">Physeteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Physeter16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Physeter" title="Physeter">Physeter</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whale (<i>P. macrocephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kogia13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Kogia" title="Kogia">Kogia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_sperm_whale" title="Pygmy sperm whale">Pygmy sperm whale (<i>K. breviceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sperm_whale" title="Dwarf sperm whale">Dwarf sperm whale (<i>K. simus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inia12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Inia" title="Inia">Inia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araguaian_river_dolphin" title="Araguaian river dolphin">Araguaian river dolphin (<i>I. araguaiaensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_river_dolphin" title="Bolivian river dolphin">Bolivian river dolphin (<i>I. boliviensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin (<i>I. geoffrensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lipotes21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Lipotes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Baiji (<i>L. vexillifer</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Platanista44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">Platanista</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin (<i>P. gangetica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_river_dolphin" title="Indus river dolphin">Indus river dolphin (<i>P. minor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pontoporia35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">La Plata dolphin (<i>P. blainvillei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">Ziphiidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Beaked whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Berardius" title="Berardius">Berardius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnoux%27s_beaked_whale" title="Arnoux's beaked whale">Arnoux's beaked whale (<i>B. arnuxii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baird%27s_beaked_whale" title="Baird's beaked whale">Baird's beaked whale (<i>B. bairdii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sato's beaked whale">Sato's beaked whale (<i>B. minimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_whale" title="Bottlenose whale">Hyperoodon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Bottlenose whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_bottlenose_whale" title="Northern bottlenose whale">Northern bottlenose whale (<i>H. ampullatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bottlenose_whale" title="Southern bottlenose whale">Southern bottlenose whale (<i>H. planifrons</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Indopacetus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Tropical bottlenose whale (<i>I. pacificus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoplodont_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoplodont whale">Mesoplodon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Mesoplodont whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sowerby%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sowerby's beaked whale">Sowerby's beaked whale (<i>M. bidens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews%27_beaked_whale" title="Andrews' beaked whale">Andrews' beaked whale (<i>M. bowdoini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbs%27_beaked_whale" title="Hubbs' beaked whale">Hubbs' beaked whale (<i>M. carlhubbsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville%27s_beaked_whale" title="Blainville's beaked whale">Blainville's beaked whale (<i>M. densirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramari%27s_beaked_whale" title="Ramari's beaked whale">Ramari's beaked whale (<i>M. eueu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervais%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gervais's beaked whale">Gervais's beaked whale (<i>M. europaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo-toothed_beaked_whale" title="Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale">Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (<i>M. ginkgodens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gray's beaked whale">Gray's beaked whale (<i>M. grayi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_beaked_whale" title="Hector's beaked whale">Hector's beaked whale (<i>M. hectori</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deraniyagala%27s_beaked_whale" title="Deraniyagala's beaked whale">Deraniyagala's beaked whale (<i>M. hotaula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap-toothed_whale" title="Strap-toothed whale">Strap-toothed whale (<i>M. layardii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True%27s_beaked_whale" title="True's beaked whale">True's beaked whale (<i>M. mirus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin%27s_beaked_whale" title="Perrin's beaked whale">Perrin's beaked whale (<i>M. perrini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_beaked_whale" title="Pygmy beaked whale">Pygmy beaked whale (<i>M. peruvianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stejneger%27s_beaked_whale" title="Stejneger's beaked whale">Stejneger's beaked whale (<i>M. stejnegeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade-toothed_whale" title="Spade-toothed whale">Spade-toothed whale (<i>M. traversii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Tasmacetus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Shepherd's beaked whale (<i>T. shepherdi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Ziphius </a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Cuvier's beaked whale (<i>Z. cavirostris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genera_of_baleen_whales_and_their_extinct_allies226" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mysticeti_Genera" title="Template:Mysticeti Genera"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mysticeti_Genera" title="Template talk:Mysticeti Genera"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mysticeti_Genera" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mysticeti Genera"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genera_of_baleen_whales_and_their_extinct_allies226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genera of <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">baleen whales</a> and their extinct allies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">Artiodactyla</a></li> <li>Infraorder: <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Mysticeti226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">Mysticeti</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mysticeti112" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">Mysticeti</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borealodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borealodon (page does not exist)">Borealodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Coronodon" title="Coronodon">Coronodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imerocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imerocetus (page does not exist)">Imerocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mioceta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mioceta (page does not exist)">Mioceta</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piscocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piscocetus (page does not exist)">Piscocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siphonocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siphonocetus (page does not exist)">Siphonocetus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tretulias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tretulias (page does not exist)">Tretulias</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulias (page does not exist)">Ulias</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Aetiocetidae" title="Aetiocetidae">Aetiocetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aetiocetus" title="Aetiocetus">Aetiocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashorocetus" title="Ashorocetus">Ashorocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chonecetus" title="Chonecetus">Chonecetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fucaia" title="Fucaia">Fucaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morawanocetus" title="Morawanocetus">Morawanocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willungacetus" title="Willungacetus">Willungacetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Llanocetidae" title="Llanocetidae">Llanocetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Llanocetus" title="Llanocetus">Llanocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystacodon" title="Mystacodon">Mystacodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Mammalodontidae" title="Mammalodontidae">Mammalodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Janjucetus" title="Janjucetus">Janjucetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mammalodon" title="Mammalodon">Mammalodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaeomysticeti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaeomysticeti (page does not exist)">Chaeomysticeti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horopeta" title="Horopeta">Horopeta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sitsqwayk" title="Sitsqwayk">Sitsqwayk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whakakai" title="Whakakai">Whakakai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eomysticetoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eomysticetoidea (page does not exist)">Eomysticetoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cetotheriopsis" title="Cetotheriopsis">Cetotheriopsis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eomysticetidae" title="Eomysticetidae">Eomysticetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eomysticetus" title="Eomysticetus">Eomysticetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micromysticetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micromysticetus (page does not exist)">Micromysticetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tohoraata" title="Tohoraata">Tohoraata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokarahia" title="Tokarahia">Tokarahia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waharoa_(whale)" title="Waharoa (whale)">Waharoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamatocetus" title="Yamatocetus">Yamatocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balaenomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balaenomorpha (page does not exist)">Balaenomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Antwerpibalaena" title="Antwerpibalaena">Antwerpibalaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeobalaena" title="Archaeobalaena">Archaeobalaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaena" title="Balaena">Balaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenella" title="Balaenella">Balaenella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenula" title="Balaenula">Balaenula</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenotus" title="Balaenotus">Balaenotus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eubalaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubalaena">Eubalaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Idiocetus" title="Idiocetus">Idiocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoteras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoteras (page does not exist)">Mesoteras</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Morenocetus" title="Morenocetus">Morenocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Peripolocetus" title="Peripolocetus">Peripolocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protobalaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protobalaena (page does not exist)">Protobalaena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalassotherii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalassotherii (page does not exist)">Thalassotherii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibacetus (page does not exist)">Hibacetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isanacetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isanacetus (page does not exist)">Isanacetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Isocetus" title="Isocetus">Isocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mauicetus" title="Mauicetus">Mauicetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pinocetus" title="Pinocetus">Pinocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Taikicetus" title="Taikicetus">Taikicetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiphyocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiphyocetus (page does not exist)">Tiphyocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranocetus (page does not exist)">Uranocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aglaocetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aglaocetidae (page does not exist)">Aglaocetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aglaocetus" title="Aglaocetus">Aglaocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diorocetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diorocetidae (page does not exist)">Diorocetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphicetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphicetus (page does not exist)">Amphicetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diorocetus" title="Diorocetus">Diorocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiocetopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiocetopsis (page does not exist)">Plesiocetopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thinocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thinocetus (page does not exist)">Thinocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pelocetidae" title="Pelocetidae">Pelocetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cophocetus" title="Cophocetus">Cophocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halicetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halicetus (page does not exist)">Halicetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parietobalaena" title="Parietobalaena">Parietobalaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelocetus" title="Pelocetus">Pelocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tranatocetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tranatocetidae (page does not exist)">Tranatocetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesocetus" title="Mesocetus">Mesocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mixocetus" title="Mixocetus">Mixocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tranatocetus" title="Tranatocetus">Tranatocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cetotheriidae" title="Cetotheriidae">Cetotheriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalotropis" title="Cephalotropis">Cephalotropis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journocetus (page does not exist)">Journocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Otradnocetus" title="Otradnocetus">Otradnocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeobalaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeobalaena (page does not exist)">Palaeobalaena</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Titanocetus" title="Titanocetus">Titanocetus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tiucetus" title="Tiucetus">Tiucetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetotheriinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetotheriinae (page does not exist)">Cetotheriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brandtocetus" title="Brandtocetus">Brandtocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cetotherium" title="Cetotherium">Cetotherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ciuciulea_davidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciuciulea davidi">Ciuciulea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eucetotherium" title="Eucetotherium">Eucetotherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurdalagonus" title="Kurdalagonus">Kurdalagonus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mithridatocetus" title="Mithridatocetus">Mithridatocetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vampalus" title="Vampalus">Vampalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zygiocetus" title="Zygiocetus">Zygiocetus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herpetocetinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herpetocetinae (page does not exist)">Herpetocetinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caperea" class="mw-redirect" title="Caperea">Caperea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Herentalia" title="Herentalia">Herentalia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Herpetocetus" title="Herpetocetus">Herpetocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Metopocetus" title="Metopocetus">Metopocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miocaperea" title="Miocaperea">Miocaperea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nannocetus" title="Nannocetus">Nannocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Piscobalaena" title="Piscobalaena">Piscobalaena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenopteroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteroidea">Balaenopteroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eobalaenoptera" title="Eobalaenoptera">Eobalaenoptera</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Archaebalaenoptera" title="Archaebalaenoptera">Archaebalaenoptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeschrichtius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeschrichtius (page does not exist)">Archaeschrichtius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenoptera" title="Balaenoptera">Balaenoptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burtinopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burtinopsis (page does not exist)">Burtinopsis</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetoteriophanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetoteriophanes (page does not exist)">Cetoteriophanes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Diunatans" title="Diunatans">Diunatans</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eschrichtioides" title="Eschrichtioides">Eschrichtioides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eschrichtius" title="Eschrichtius">Eschrichtius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gricetoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gricetoides (page does not exist)">Gricetoides</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Incakujira" title="Incakujira">Incakujira</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megaptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaptera">Megaptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megapteropsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megapteropsis (page does not exist)">Megapteropsis</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miobalaenoptera" title="Miobalaenoptera">Miobalaenoptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nehalaennia" title="Nehalaennia">Nehalaennia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notiocetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notiocetus (page does not exist)">Notiocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parabalaenoptera" title="Parabalaenoptera">Parabalaenoptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiobalaenoptera" title="Plesiobalaenoptera">Plesiobalaenoptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiocetus" title="Plesiocetus">Plesiocetus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praemegaptera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praemegaptera (page does not exist)">Praemegaptera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protororqualus" title="Protororqualus">Protororqualus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aetiocetus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aetiocetus cotylalveus"><img alt="Aetiocetus cotylalveus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Aetiocetus_BW.jpg/140px-Aetiocetus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Aetiocetus_BW.jpg/210px-Aetiocetus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Aetiocetus_BW.jpg/280px-Aetiocetus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Janjucetus hunderi"><img alt="Janjucetus hunderi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg/140px-Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg/210px-Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg/280px-Janjucetus_NT_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horopeta_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horopeta umarere"><img alt="Horopeta umarere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Horopeta_NT.jpg/140px-Horopeta_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Horopeta_NT.jpg/210px-Horopeta_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Horopeta_NT.jpg/280px-Horopeta_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parietobalaena yamaokai"><img alt="Parietobalaena yamaokai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg/140px-Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg/210px-Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg/280px-Parietobalaena_yamaokai_life_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers6189" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers6189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132905" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q132905">Q132905</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Megaptera_novaeangliae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Megaptera novaeangliae">Megaptera novaeangliae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Megaptera_novaeangliae/">Megaptera_novaeangliae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Megaptera_novaeangliae">Megaptera_novaeangliae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/humpback-whale/megaptera-novaeangliae/">megaptera-novaeangliae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id20759">20759</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=26315">26315</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3YWY2">3YWY2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_Migratory_Species_of_Wild_Animals" title="Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals">CMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cms.int/en/species/megaptera-novaeangliae">megaptera-novaeangliae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/7720">7720</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/46559444">46559444</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MGPANO">MGPANO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/1446">1446</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5220086">5220086</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41566">41566</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11240266">11240266</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180530">180530</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/13006">13006</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006405">1006405</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14300027">14300027</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105599/">2.105599</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000005159">NBNSYS0000005159</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9773">9773</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">NOAA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/humpback-whale">humpback-whale</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/4e986250-9ee5-42d4-b901-4172c47b536d">4e986250-9ee5-42d4-b901-4172c47b536d</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/1389/">1389</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/137092">137092</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=226198">226198</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=70685">70685</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=69008">69008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/3052">3052</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Species_Profile_and_Threats_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Species Profile and Threats Database">SPRAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=38">38</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137092">137092</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Balaena novaeangliae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122984319" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q122984319">Q122984319</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2440752">2440752</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/10D3C583-0885-4358-8AA4-E760FED0F22D">10D3C583-0885-4358-8AA4-E760FED0F22D</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4146842-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Megaptera"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh96002625">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85062981">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122513586">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122513586">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ザトウクジラ"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01210572">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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