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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-colonial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-colonial history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonialisation_(1859–1960)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonialisation_(1859–1960)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colonialisation (1859–1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonialisation_(1859–1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hastings_Kamuzu_Banda_era_(1961–1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hastings_Kamuzu_Banda_era_(1961–1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hastings Kamuzu Banda era (1961–1993)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hastings_Kamuzu_Banda_era_(1961–1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-party_democracy_(1993–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-party_democracy_(1993–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Multi-party democracy (1993–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-party_democracy_(1993–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Human rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Agriculture and industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Research trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policy_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Policy framework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_in_Malawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_Malawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Women in Malawi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_Malawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malawi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 237 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-237" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">237 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%8A" title="ማላዊ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማላዊ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मालावी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मालावी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مالاوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مالاوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1ui" title="Maláui – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maláui" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="مالاوی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالاوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87" title="মালাউই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালাউই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Малаві – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малаві" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Малаві – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малаві" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ལ་ཝི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ལ་ཝི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%C5%B5i" title="Malaŵi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Malaŵi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%C5%B5i" title="Malaŵi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Malaŵi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مالاوي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مالاوي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A9" title="މަލާވީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަލާވީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiniik%C7%AB%CA%BC%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Kiniikǫʼí Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kiniikǫʼí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9" title="Μαλάουι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλάουι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavio" title="Malavio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malavio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="مالاوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مالاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawy" title="Malawy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Malawy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhal%C3%A1iv" title="An Mhaláiv – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhaláiv" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabhaidh" title="Malabhaidh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Malabhaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9C%84" title="말라위 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말라위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB" title="Մալավի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալավի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="মালাবি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মালাবি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMalawi" title="IMalawi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMalawi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malav%C3%AD" title="Malaví – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Malaví" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99" title="מלאווי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלאווי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawii" title="Malawii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Malawii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮಲಾವಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಲಾವಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მალავი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawia" title="Malawia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Malawia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaw%C3%AE" title="Malawî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malawî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaveja" title="Malaveja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Malaveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavia" title="Malavia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Malavia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C4%81vija" title="Malāvija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Malāvija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavis" title="Malavis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malavis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malao%E1%BB%B3" title="Malaoỳ – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Malaoỳ" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF" title="മലാവി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലാവി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C4%81wi" title="Marāwi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Marāwi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მალავი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალავი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="مالاوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مالاوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="مالاوی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالاوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯃꯥꯂꯥꯋꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯂꯥꯋꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မာလဝီနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မာလဝီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4" title="マラウイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マラウイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaawi" title="Malaawi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Malaawi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalaawii" title="Maalaawii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maalaawii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਲਾਵੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਲਾਵੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ملاوی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملاوی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مالاوي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالاوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaawi" title="Malaawi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Malaawi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8" title="ម៉ាឡាវី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ាឡាវី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Малауи – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Малауи" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मलावी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मलावी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaw%C3%AFi" title="Malawïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Malawïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%C5%B5i" title="Malaŵi – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Malaŵi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaui" title="Malaui – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Malaui" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92" title="මලාවි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මලාවි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ملاوي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ملاوي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMalawi" title="IMalawi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMalawi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Malawi (štát) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malawi (štát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaawi" title="Malaawi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malaawi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="مالاوی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مالاوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="மலாவி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலாவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမႃႇလႃႇဝီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမႃႇလႃႇဝီႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF" title="మలావి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మలావి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศมาลาวี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมาลาวี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%8A" title="ማላዊ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ማላዊ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Моловӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Моловӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Малави – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Малави" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Малаві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малаві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ملاوی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملاوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%89" title="مالاۋى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مالاۋى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82aui" title="Małaui – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Małaui" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaviy%C3%A4n" title="Malaviyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Malaviyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81" title="馬拉威 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬拉威" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD" title="馬拉維 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="馬拉維" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99" title="מאלאווי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאלאווי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0l%C3%A1w%C3%AC" title="Màláwì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Màláwì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD" title="馬拉維 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬拉維" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavis" title="Malavis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Malavis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马拉维" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Malawi" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Malavi" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89" title="ⵎⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malawi&params=13_30_S_34_00_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°30′S</span> <span class="longitude">34°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.500°S 34.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-13.500; 34.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southeastern Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallawi" title="Mallawi">Mallawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_(Islamic_title)" title="Mawlawi (Islamic title)">Mawlawi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Malawi</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chichewa-language text"><i lang="ny">Dziko la Malaŵi</i></span></span>  (<a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chichewa</a>)<br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chichewa-language text"><i lang="ny">Charu cha Malaŵi</i></span></span>  (<a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Chitumbuka</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Malawi"><img alt="Flag of Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/125px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/188px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/250px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" title="Flag of Malawi">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Malawi"><img alt="Coat of arms of Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="747" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi" title="Coat of arms of Malawi"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b>"Unity and Freedom"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Chichewa-language text"><i lang="ny"><a href="/wiki/Mlungu_dalitsani_Mala%C5%B5i" title="Mlungu dalitsani Malaŵi">Mlungu dalitsani Malaŵi</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Chichewa)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"O God Bless Our Land of Malawi"</span>)<span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Malawian_national_anthem.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Malawian_national_anthem.oga/Malawian_national_anthem.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Malawian_national_anthem.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalawian_national_anthem.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalawian_national_anthem.oga&lang=ny&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ny" label="Chi-Chewa ‪(ny)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMalawian_national_anthem.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Malawi_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Malawi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Malawi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Malawi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Malawi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Malawi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Malawi_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Show globe</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Malawi_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Malawi (dark green) in southeast <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malawi&params=13_57_S_33_42_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°57′S</span> <span class="longitude">33°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.950°S 33.700°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-13.950; 33.700</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised regional languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Tumbuka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Yao</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2024 census)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>25.2% <a href="/wiki/Chewa_people" title="Chewa people">Chewa</a></li><li>20.4% <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_people" title="Tumbuka people">Tumbuka</a></li><li>17.9% <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_people" title="Lomwe people">Lomwe</a></li><li>15.3% <a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao</a></li><li>5.4% <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a></li><li>5.9% <a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a></li><li>3.8% <a href="/wiki/Mang%27anja" title="Mang'anja">Mang'anja</a></li><li>1.8% <a href="/wiki/Tonga_people_(Malawi)" title="Tonga people (Malawi)">Tonga</a></li><li>1.0% <a href="/wiki/Nyakyusa_people" title="Nyakyusa people">Ngonde</a></li><li>0.6% <a href="/wiki/Lambya_people" title="Lambya people">Lambya</a></li><li>0.5% <a href="/wiki/Sukwa_people" title="Sukwa people">Sukwa</a></li><li>1.1% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2018 census)<sup id="cite_ref-DHS_2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHS_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>82.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malawi" title="Christianity in Malawi">Christianity</a> <ul><li>58.5% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li>17.2% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Malawi" title="Catholic Church in Malawi">Catholicism</a></li> <li>6.6% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>13.8% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malawi" title="Islam in Malawi">Islam</a></li><li>2.1% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">none</a></li><li>1.2% <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">traditional faiths</a></li><li>0.6% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malawi" title="Demographics of Malawi">Malawian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malawi" title="Politics of Malawi">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Malawi" title="Vice-President of Malawi">Vice-President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Usi" title="Michael Usi">Michael Usi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Malawi" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly of Malawi">House Speaker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Gotani_Hara" title="Catherine Gotani Hara">Catherine Gotani Hara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_justice" title="Chief justice">Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rizine_Mzikamanda" title="Rizine Mzikamanda">Rizine Mzikamanda</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Malawi)" title="National Assembly (Malawi)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland Protectorate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1907</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dominion </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1964</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1966</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malawi" title="Geography of Malawi">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">118,484 km<sup>2</sup> (45,747 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">98th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">20.6%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malawi" title="Demographics of Malawi">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21,240,689<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">62nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2018 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17,563,749<sup id="cite_ref-Census2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">153.1/km<sup>2</sup> (396.5/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">56th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $37.919 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MW_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">137th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $1,668<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MW_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">186th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $13.176 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MW_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">149th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $579<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MW_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">190th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(2016)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/20px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/40px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.7<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#707070">medium inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.508<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">low</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">172nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malawian_kwacha" title="Malawian kwacha">Malawian kwacha</a> (D) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">MWK</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">CAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malawi" title="Telephone numbers in Malawi">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malawi" title="Telephone numbers in Malawi">+265</a><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MW" title="ISO 3166-2:MW">MW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.mw" title=".mw">.mw</a><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn">* Population estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a>; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. <ul><li>Information is drawn from the CIA <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">World Factbook</a></i> unless otherwise noted.</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/250px--Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="141" data-durationhint="84" data-mwtitle="Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm/Malawi_-_various_scenes_around_the_country_-_2018_Aug.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Various scenes around the country, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Malawi</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">flames</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> in <a href="/wiki/Chichewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa">Chichewa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Chitumbuka</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Republic of Malawi,</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a> in Southeastern <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> to the north and northeast, and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over 118,484 km<sup>2</sup> (45,747 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 21,240,689 (as of 2024).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi's capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a>. Its second largest is <a href="/wiki/Blantyre" title="Blantyre">Blantyre</a>, its third largest is <a href="/wiki/Mzuzu" title="Mzuzu">Mzuzu</a>, and its fourth largest is <a href="/wiki/Zomba,_Malawi" title="Zomba, Malawi">Zomba</a>, the former capital. </p><p>The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled around the 10th century by the Akafula, also known as the Abathwa. Later, the Bantu groups came and drove out the Akafula and formed various kingdoms such as <a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nkhamanga_Kingdom" title="Nkhamanga Kingdom">Nkhamanga Kingdom</a>, among others that flourished from the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1891, the area was colonised by the British as the <a href="/wiki/British_Central_African_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="British Central African Protectorate">British Central African Protectorate</a>, and it was renamed <i><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a></i> in 1907. In 1964, Nyasaland became an independent country as a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a> under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a>, and was renamed <i>Malawi</i>. Two years later, Banda became president by converting the country into a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> presidential republic. Banda was declared <a href="/wiki/President_for_life" title="President for life">President for life</a> in 1971. Independence was characterized by Banda's highly repressive dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the introduction of a multiparty system in 1993, Banda lost the <a href="/wiki/1994_Malawian_general_election" title="1994 Malawian general election">1994 general election</a>. Today, Malawi has a <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party</a> republic headed by an elected president. According to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Dem Democracy indices">V-Dem Democracy indices</a>, Malawi is ranked 74th electoral democracy worldwide and 11th <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">electoral democracy in Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vdem_dataset_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdem_dataset-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country maintains positive diplomatic relations with most countries, and participates in several <a href="/wiki/International_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="International organisation">international organisations</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC), the <a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a> (COMESA), and the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU). </p><p>Malawi is one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">least-developed countries</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">economy</a> is heavily based on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malawi" title="Agriculture in Malawi">agriculture</a>, and it has a largely rural and growing population. Key indicators of progress in the economy, education, and healthcare were seen in 2007 and 2008. </p><p>Malawi has a low <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> and high <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a>. <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> is highly prevalent, which both reduces the labour force and requires increased government expenditures. The country has a diverse population that includes <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">native peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Europeans</a>. Several languages are spoken, and there is an array of religious beliefs. Although in the past there was a periodic regional conflict fuelled in part by ethnic divisions, by 2008 this internal conflict had considerably diminished, and the idea of identifying with one's Malawian nationality had reemerged. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Malawi</i> means "flames" in <a href="/wiki/Chichewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa">Chichewa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chitumbuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitumbuka">Chitumbuka</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Josia_Ntara" title="Samuel Josia Ntara">Samuel Josia Ntara</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbiri_ya_Achewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbiri ya Achewa (page does not exist)">Mbiri ya Achewa</a></i> (1944/5)<i>,</i> "Malawi" referred to an area along <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a> where a Chewa king and his people settled long ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup> Chewa tradition says when they first saw Lake Malawi from the highlands, it looked like a <a href="/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage">mirage</a> or flames. Subsequently, the land between <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malombe" title="Lake Malombe">Lake Malombe</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linthipe_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linthipe River (page does not exist)">Linthipe River</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linthipe" class="extiw" title="de:Linthipe">de</a>]</span> was called <i>Malawi</i>, and they referred to themselves as <i>Amalawi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 39">: 39 </span></sup> <i>Malawi</i> was chosen by the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">president of Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamuzu_Banda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamuzu Banda">Kamuzu Banda</a>, after the country achieved its independence from Great Britain in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Malawi" title="History of Malawi">History of Malawi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_history">Pre-colonial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg/250px-Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg/330px-Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg/500px-Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110124.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chongoni_Rock_Art_Area" title="Chongoni Rock Art Area">Chongoni Rock Art Area</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The part of Africa now known as Malawi had a very small population of <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> before waves of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a> began emigrating from the north around the 10th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most of the Bantu peoples continued south, some remained and founded <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> based on common ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter142_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1500, the tribes had established several kingdoms such as the Maravi that reached from north of what is now <a href="/wiki/Nkhotakota" title="Nkhotakota">Nkhotakota</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambezi River">Zambezi River</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Luangwa_River" title="Luangwa River">Luangwa River</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and the Nkhamanga.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after 1600, with the area mostly united under one native ruler, native tribesmen began encountering, trading with and making alliances with <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> traders and members of the military. By 1700, however, the empire had broken up into areas controlled by many individual ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a> reached its height in the mid-1800s, when approximately 20,000 people per year were believed to have been enslaved and transported from <a href="/wiki/Nkhotakota" title="Nkhotakota">Nkhotakota</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa</a> where they were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonialisation_(1859–1960)"><span id="Colonialisation_.281859.E2.80.931960.29"></span>Colonialisation (1859–1960)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonialisation (1859–1960)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Malawi" title="Political history of Malawi">Political history of Malawi</a></div> <p>Missionary and explorer David Livingstone reached Lake Malawi (then <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Nyasa">Lake Nyasa</a>) in 1859 and identified the <a href="/wiki/Shire_Highlands" title="Shire Highlands">Shire Highlands</a> south of the lake as an area suitable for European settlement. As the result of Livingstone's visit, several <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> missions were established in the area in the 1860s and 1870s; the <a href="/wiki/African_Lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="African Lakes">African Lakes</a> Company Limited was established in 1878 to set up a trade and transport concern, a small mission and trading settlement were established at <a href="/wiki/Blantyre" title="Blantyre">Blantyre</a> in 1876, and a British <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">Consul</a> took up residence there in 1883. The Portuguese government was also interested in the area, so, to prevent Portuguese occupation, the British government sent <a href="/wiki/Harry_Johnston" title="Harry Johnston">Harry Johnston</a> as British consul with instructions to make treaties with local rulers beyond Portuguese jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg/170px-Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg/255px-Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg/340px-Stamp_British_Central_Africa_1897_6p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>1897 <a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">British Central Africa</a> stamp issued by the United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1889, a British <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> was proclaimed over the Shire Highlands, which was extended in 1891 to include the whole of present-day Malawi as the <a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">British Central Africa Protectorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, the protectorate was renamed <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a>, a name it retained for the remainder of its time under British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an example of what is sometimes called the "Thin White Line" of colonial authority in Africa, the colonial government of Nyasaland was formed in 1891. The administrators were given a budget of £10,000 (1891 nominal value) per year, which was enough to employ ten European civilians, two military officers, seventy <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> and eighty-five <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> <a href="/wiki/Porter_(carrier)" title="Porter (carrier)">porters</a>. These few employees were then expected to administer and police a territory of around 94,000 square kilometres with between one and two million people.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, slavery came to its complete cessation. </p><p>In 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_African_Congress" title="Nyasaland African Congress">Nyasaland African Congress</a> (NAC) was formed by the Africans of Nyasaland to promote local interests to the British government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, Britain linked Nyasaland with Northern and Southern <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> in what was the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland</a>, often called the Central African Federation (CAF),<sup id="cite_ref-CA_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for mainly political reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though the Federation was semi-independent, the linking provoked opposition from African nationalists, and the NAC gained popular support. An influential opponent of the CAF was <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a>, a European-trained doctor working in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> who was persuaded to return to Nyasaland in 1958 to assist the nationalist cause. Banda was elected president of the NAC and worked to mobilize nationalist sentiment before being jailed by colonial authorities in 1959. He was released in 1960 and asked to help draft a new constitution for Nyasaland, with a clause granting Africans the majority in the colony's Legislative Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter142_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hastings_Kamuzu_Banda_era_(1961–1993)"><span id="Hastings_Kamuzu_Banda_era_.281961.E2.80.931993.29"></span>Hastings Kamuzu Banda era (1961–1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hastings Kamuzu Banda era (1961–1993)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg/220px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg/330px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg/440px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Malawi's first Prime Minister and later the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a> <i>(left)</i>, with Tanzania's President <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a> <i>(right)</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1961, Banda's <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Congress_Party" title="Malawi Congress Party">Malawi Congress Party</a> (MCP) gained a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_general_election,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyasaland general election, 1961">Legislative Council elections</a>, and Banda became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Prime Minister</a> in 1963. The Federation was dissolved in 1963, and on 6 July 1964, Nyasaland became independent from British rule and renamed itself Malawi, and that is commemorated as the nation's Independence Day, a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malawi" title="Public holidays in Malawi">public holiday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under a new constitution, Malawi became a republic with Banda as its first president. The new document also formally made Malawi a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> with the MCP as the only legal party. </p><p>In 1971, Banda was declared <a href="/wiki/President-for-life" class="mw-redirect" title="President-for-life">president-for-life</a>. For almost 30 years, Banda presided over a rigidly <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> regime, which ensured that Malawi did not suffer armed conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter143_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter143-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition parties, including the Malawi Freedom Movement of <a href="/wiki/Orton_Chirwa" title="Orton Chirwa">Orton Chirwa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_League_of_Malawi" title="Socialist League of Malawi">Socialist League of Malawi</a>, were founded in exile. Malawi's economy, while Banda was president, was often cited as an example of how a poor, landlocked, and heavily populated country deficient in mineral resources could achieve progress in both agriculture and industrial development.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-party_democracy_(1993–present)"><span id="Multi-party_democracy_.281993.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Multi-party democracy (1993–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Multi-party democracy (1993–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under pressure for increased <a href="/wiki/Political_freedom" title="Political freedom">political freedom</a>, Banda agreed to a <a href="/wiki/Malawian_democracy_referendum,_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian democracy referendum, 1993">referendum</a> in 1993, where the populace voted for a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-party democracy">multi-party democracy</a>. In late 1993, a presidential council was formed, the life presidency was abolished and a new constitution was put into place, effectively ending the MCP's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter143_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter143-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994 the <a href="/wiki/Malawian_general_election,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian general election, 1994">first multi-party elections</a> were held in Malawi, and Banda was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Bakili_Muluzi" title="Bakili Muluzi">Bakili Muluzi</a> (a former Secretary General of the MCP and former Banda Cabinet Minister). Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until 2004, when <a href="/wiki/Bingu_wa_Mutharika" title="Bingu wa Mutharika">Bingu wa Mutharika</a> was <a href="/wiki/Malawian_general_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian general election, 2004">elected</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the political environment was described as "challenging", it was stated in 2009 that a multi-party system still existed in Malawi.<sup id="cite_ref-TWB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiparty parliamentary and presidential <a href="/wiki/Malawian_general_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian general election, 2009">elections</a> were held for the fourth time in Malawi in May 2009, and President Mutharika was successfully re-elected, despite charges of election fraud from his rival.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Mutharika was seen by some as increasingly autocratic and dismissive of human rights,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in July 2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Malawian_protests" title="2011 Malawian protests">protests</a> over high costs of living, devolving foreign relations, poor governance and a lack of foreign exchange reserves erupted.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protests left 18 people dead and at least 44 others suffering from gunshot wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" title="Flag of Malawi">Malawian flag</a> was modified in 2010, altering three colored stripes with the white sun. It existed for a short while until 2012 when the colors of black-red-green of the old flag were restored. </p><p>In April 2012, Mutharika died of a heart attack. Over a period of 48 hours, his death was kept secret, including an elaborate flight with the body to South Africa, where the ambulance drivers refused to move the body, saying they were not licensed to move a corpse.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the South African government threatened to reveal the information, the presidential title was taken over by Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Banda" title="Joyce Banda">Joyce Banda</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (no relation to Hastings Banda).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Malawian_general_election" title="2014 Malawian general election">2014 Malawian general election</a>, Joyce Banda lost the elections (coming third) and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mutharika" title="Peter Mutharika">Peter Mutharika</a>, the brother of ex-President Mutharika.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Malawian_general_election" title="2019 Malawian general election">2019 Malawian general election</a> president Peter Mutharika was narrowly re-elected. In February 2020 Malawi Constitutional Court overturned the result because of irregularities and widespread fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020 Malawi Supreme Court upheld the decision and announced a new election was held on July 2. This was the first time an election in the country was legally challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2020_Malawian_presidential_election" title="2020 Malawian presidential election">2020 Malawian presidential election</a> and he was sworn in as the new president of Malawi.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malawi" title="Politics of Malawi">Politics of Malawi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malawi" title="Elections in Malawi">Elections in Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malawi" title="Judiciary of Malawi">Judiciary of Malawi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malawian_Defence_Force" title="Malawian Defence Force">Malawian Defence Force</a></div> <p>Malawi is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> republic under the leadership of President <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current constitution was put into place on 18 May 1995. The <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">branches</a> of the government consist of <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a>. The executive includes a President who is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government">Head of Government</a>, first and second Vice Presidents, and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malawi" title="Cabinet of Malawi">Cabinet of Malawi</a>. The President and Vice President are elected together every five years. A second Vice President may be appointed by the President if so chosen, although they must be from a different party. The members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malawi" title="Cabinet of Malawi">Cabinet of Malawi</a> are appointed by the President and can be from either inside or outside of the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg/250px-Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg/330px-Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg/500px-Parliament_Building_of_Malawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>National Assembly building in Lilongwe</figcaption></figure> <p>The legislative branch consists of a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Malawi)" title="National Assembly (Malawi)">National Assembly</a> of 193 members who are elected every five years,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and although the Malawian constitution provides for a <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senate</a> of 80 seats, one does not exist in practice. If created, the Senate would provide representation for traditional leaders and a variety of geographic districts, as well as special interest groups, including the disabled, youth, and women. The <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Congress_Party" title="Malawi Congress Party">Malawi Congress Party</a> is the ruling party together with several other parties in the Tonse Alliance led by Lazarus Chakwera while the Democratic Progressive Party is the main opposition party. <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a> is universal at 18 years of age, and the central government budget for 2021/2022 is $2.4 billion from $2.8 billion for the 2020/2021 financial year.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The independent judicial branch is based upon the <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English</a> model and consists of a Supreme Court of Appeal, a High Court divided into three sections (general, constitutional, and commercial), an Industrial Relations Court and Magistrates Courts, the last of which is divided into five grades and includes Child Justice Courts.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judicial system has been modified several times since the country's independence in 1964. Conventional courts and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Courts_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Courts in Malawi">traditional courts</a> have been used in varying combinations, with varying degrees of success and corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malawi is composed of three regions (the Northern, Central, and Southern regions),<sup id="cite_ref-Benson1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benson1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are divided into 28 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malawi" title="Districts of Malawi">districts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and further into approximately 250 traditional authorities and 110 administrative wards.<sup id="cite_ref-Benson1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benson1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local government is administered by central government-appointed regional administrators and district commissioners. For the first time in the multi-party era, local elections took place on 21 November 2000, with the UDF party winning 70% of the available seats. There was scheduled to be a second round of constitutionally mandated local elections in May 2005, but these were cancelled by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2005, President Mutharika split with the United Democratic Front and began his own party, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Malawi)" title="Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi)">Democratic Progressive Party</a>, which had attracted reform-minded officials from other parties and won by-elections across the country in 2006. In 2008, President Mutharika had implemented reforms to address the country's major corruption problem, with at least five senior UDF party members facing criminal charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Africa08_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa08-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Malawi was ranked 7th of all countries in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Index_of_African_Governance" title="Ibrahim Index of African Governance">Ibrahim Index of African Governance</a>, an index that measures several variables. Although the country's governance score was higher than the continental average, it was lower than the regional average for southern Africa. Its highest scores were for safety and rule of law, and its lowest scores were for sustainable economic opportunity, with a ranking of 47th on the continent for educational opportunities. Malawi's governance score had improved between 2000 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi held <a href="/wiki/2019_Malawian_general_election" title="2019 Malawian general election">elections</a> in May 2019, with President Peter Mutharika winning re-election over challengers Lazarus Chakwera, Atupele Muluzi, and Saulos Chilima.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 Malawi Constitutional Court annulled President Peter Mutharika's narrow election victory last year because of widespread fraud and irregularities. Opposition leader Lazarus Chakwera won the <a href="/wiki/2020_Malawian_presidential_election" title="2020 Malawian presidential election">2020 Malawian presidential election</a> and he became the new president.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="A clickable map of Malawi exhibiting its 28 districts."><img alt="A clickable map of Malawi exhibiting its 28 districts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MW-Districts.svg/260px-MW-Districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="576" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MW-Districts.svg/390px-MW-Districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MW-Districts.svg/520px-MW-Districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="620" usemap="#ImageMap_64094ebc036049fa" resource="/wiki/File:MW-Districts.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_64094ebc036049fa"><area href="/wiki/Chitipa_District" shape="rect" coords="46,18,68,37" alt="Chitipa District" title="Chitipa District" /><area href="/wiki/Karonga_District" shape="rect" coords="70,34,87,49" alt="Karonga District" title="Karonga District" /><area href="/wiki/Likoma_District" shape="rect" coords="189,176,208,203" alt="Likoma District" title="Likoma District" /><area href="/wiki/Likoma_District" shape="rect" coords="130,178,150,200" alt="Likoma District" title="Likoma District" /><area href="/wiki/Mzimba_District" shape="rect" coords="46,136,75,160" alt="Mzimba District" title="Mzimba District" /><area href="/wiki/Nkhata_Bay_District" shape="rect" coords="84,154,108,177" alt="Nkhata Bay District" title="Nkhata Bay District" /><area href="/wiki/Rumphi_District" shape="rect" coords="69,88,96,111" alt="Rumphi District" title="Rumphi District" /><area href="/wiki/Dedza_District" shape="rect" coords="101,333,120,353" alt="Dedza District" title="Dedza District" /><area href="/wiki/Dowa_District" shape="rect" coords="83,292,98,308" alt="Dowa District" title="Dowa District" /><area href="/wiki/Kasungu_District" shape="rect" coords="37,238,58,267" alt="Kasungu District" title="Kasungu District" /><area href="/wiki/Lilongwe_District" shape="rect" coords="59,312,84,341" alt="Lilongwe District" title="Lilongwe District" /><area href="/wiki/Mchinji_District" shape="rect" coords="14,290,33,312" alt="Mchinji District" title="Mchinji District" /><area href="/wiki/Nkhotakota_District" shape="rect" coords="94,235,112,258" alt="Nkhotakota District" title="Nkhotakota District" /><area href="/wiki/Ntcheu_District" shape="rect" coords="133,376,150,392" alt="Ntcheu District" title="Ntcheu District" /><area href="/wiki/Ntchisi_District" shape="rect" coords="77,265,92,284" alt="Ntchisi District" title="Ntchisi District" /><area href="/wiki/Salima_District" shape="rect" coords="116,299,130,320" alt="Salima District" title="Salima District" /><area href="/wiki/Balaka_District" shape="rect" coords="154,391,175,408" alt="Balaka District" title="Balaka District" /><area href="/wiki/Blantyre_District" shape="rect" coords="149,434,167,448" alt="Blantyre District" title="Blantyre District" /><area href="/wiki/Chikwawa_District" shape="rect" coords="132,465,156,484" alt="Chikwawa District" title="Chikwawa District" /><area href="/wiki/Chiradzulu_District" shape="rect" coords="173,441,184,453" alt="Chiradzulu District" title="Chiradzulu District" /><area href="/wiki/Machinga_District" shape="rect" coords="192,385,214,404" alt="Machinga District" title="Machinga District" /><area href="/wiki/Mangochi_District" shape="rect" coords="169,351,193,373" alt="Mangochi District" title="Mangochi District" /><area href="/wiki/Mulanje_District" shape="rect" coords="191,454,214,472" alt="Mulanje District" title="Mulanje District" /><area href="/wiki/Mwanza_District" shape="rect" coords="122,422,144,440" alt="Mwanza District" title="Mwanza District" /><area href="/wiki/Nsanje_District" shape="rect" coords="159,503,185,520" alt="Nsanje District" title="Nsanje District" /><area href="/wiki/Thyolo_District" shape="rect" coords="164,462,183,482" alt="Thyolo District" title="Thyolo District" /><area href="/wiki/Phalombe_District" shape="rect" coords="200,435,221,449" alt="Phalombe District" title="Phalombe District" /><area href="/wiki/Zomba_District" shape="rect" coords="181,414,202,429" alt="Zomba District" title="Zomba District" /></map><figcaption>A clickable map of Malawi exhibiting its 28 districts.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Malawi" title="Regions of Malawi">Regions of Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malawi" title="Districts of Malawi">Districts of Malawi</a></div> <p>Malawi is divided into 28 districts within three regions: </p> <table style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Malawi" title="Central Region, Malawi">Central Region</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>1 – <a href="/wiki/Dedza_District" title="Dedza District">Dedza</a></li> <li>2 – <a href="/wiki/Dowa_District" title="Dowa District">Dowa</a></li> <li>3 – <a href="/wiki/Kasungu_District" title="Kasungu District">Kasungu</a></li> <li>4 – <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe_District" title="Lilongwe District">Lilongwe</a></li> <li>5 – <a href="/wiki/Mchinji_District" title="Mchinji District">Mchinji</a></li> <li>6 – <a href="/wiki/Nkhotakota_District" title="Nkhotakota District">Nkhotakhota</a></li> <li>7 – <a href="/wiki/Ntcheu_District" title="Ntcheu District">Ntcheu</a></li> <li>8 – <a href="/wiki/Ntchisi_District" title="Ntchisi District">Ntchisi</a></li> <li>9 – <a href="/wiki/Salima_District" title="Salima District">Salima</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Malawi" title="Northern Region, Malawi">Northern Region</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>10 – <a href="/wiki/Chitipa_District" title="Chitipa District">Chitipa</a></li> <li>11 – <a href="/wiki/Karonga_District" title="Karonga District">Karonga</a></li> <li>12 – <a href="/wiki/Likoma_District" title="Likoma District">Likoma</a></li> <li>13 – <a href="/wiki/Mzimba_District" title="Mzimba District">Mzimba</a></li> <li>14 – <a href="/wiki/Nkhata_Bay_District" title="Nkhata Bay District">Nkhata Bay</a></li> <li>15 –  <a href="/wiki/Rumphi_District" title="Rumphi District">Rumphi</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Malawi" title="Southern Region, Malawi">Southern Region</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>16 – <a href="/wiki/Balaka_District" title="Balaka District">Balaka</a></li> <li>17 – <a href="/wiki/Blantyre_District" title="Blantyre District">Blantyre</a></li> <li>18 – <a href="/wiki/Chikhwawa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikhwawa District">Chikwawa</a></li> <li>19 – <a href="/wiki/Chiradzulu_District" title="Chiradzulu District">Chiradzulu</a></li> <li>20 – <a href="/wiki/Machinga_District" title="Machinga District">Machinga</a></li> <li>21 – <a href="/wiki/Mangochi_District" title="Mangochi District">Mangochi</a></li> <li>22 – <a href="/wiki/Mulanje_District" title="Mulanje District">Mulanje</a></li> <li>23 – <a href="/wiki/Mwanza_District" title="Mwanza District">Mwanza</a></li> <li>24 – <a href="/wiki/Nsanje_District" title="Nsanje District">Nsanje</a></li> <li>25 – <a href="/wiki/Thyolo_District" title="Thyolo District">Thyolo</a></li> <li>26 – <a href="/wiki/Phalombe_District" title="Phalombe District">Phalombe</a></li> <li>27 – <a href="/wiki/Zomba_District" title="Zomba District">Zomba</a></li> <li>28 – <a href="/wiki/Neno_District" title="Neno District">Neno</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malawi" title="Foreign relations of Malawi">Foreign relations of Malawi</a></div> <p>Former President <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Pro-Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Western">pro-Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> that continued into early 2011. It included good diplomatic relationships with many Western countries. The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy strengthened Malawian ties with the United States. Significant numbers of students from Malawi travel to the US for schooling, and the US has active branches of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">Agency for International Development</a> in Malawi. </p><p>Malawi maintained close <a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Malawi–South Africa relations">relations with South Africa</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartheid in South Africa">Apartheid</a> era, which strained Malawi's relationships with other African countries. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1994, diplomatic relationships were made and maintained into 2011 between Malawi and all other African countries. In 2010, however, Malawi's relationship with Mozambique became strained, partially due to disputes over the use of the Zambezi River and an inter-country electrical grid.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Malawi established diplomatic ties with China, and Chinese investment in the country has continued to increase since then, despite concerns regarding the treatment of workers by Chinese companies and competition of Chinese business with local companies.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, a document was released in which the British ambassador to Malawi criticised President Mutharika. Mutharika expelled the ambassador from Malawi, and in July 2011, the UK announced that it was suspending all budgetary aid because of Mutharika's lack of response to criticisms of his government and economic mismanagement.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 July 2011, the United States followed suit, freezing a US$350 million grant, citing concerns regarding the government's suppression and intimidation of demonstrators and civic groups, as well as restriction of the press and police violence.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png/260px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png/390px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png/520px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Malawi.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Locations of Malawian diplomatic embassies or high commissions as of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Malawi has been seen as a haven for refugees from other African countries, including Mozambique and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, since 1985. These influxes of refugees have placed a strain on the Malawian economy but have also drawn significant inflows of aid from other countries. Donors to Malawi include the United States, Canada, and Germany, as well as international institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a>, and UN organizations. Malawi is a member of several international organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>, the UN and some of its child agencies, the IMF, the World Bank, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. The country was the first in southern Africa to receive <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> training under the <a href="/wiki/African_Contingency_Operations_Training_and_Assistance" title="African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance">African Crisis Response Initiative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malawi is the 79th most peaceful country in the world (of 163), according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malawi" title="Human rights in Malawi">Human rights in Malawi</a></div> <p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, international observers noted issues in several human rights areas. Excessive force was seen to be used by police forces and security forces with impunity, mob violence was occasionally seen, and prison conditions continued to be harsh and sometimes life-threatening. However, the government was seen to make some effort to prosecute security forces who used excessive force. Other legal issues included limits on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">free speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>, lengthy pretrial detentions, and <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitrary arrest">arbitrary arrests</a> and detentions. Corruption within the government is seen as a major issue, despite the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Corruption_Bureau_(Malawi)" title="Anti-Corruption Bureau (Malawi)">Malawi Anti-Corruption Bureau</a>'s (ACB) attempts to reduce it. Corruption within security forces is also an issue.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi had one of the highest rates of <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">child marriage</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Malawi raised the legal age for marriage from 15 to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Societal issues found included <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">violence against women</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a>. Other issues that have been raised are lack of adequate legal protection of women from sexual abuse and harassment, very high <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal mortality">maternal mortality</a> rate, and abuse related to accusations of <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malawi">homosexuality</a> has been illegal in Malawi. In one 2010 case, a couple perceived as homosexual (a <a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">man</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">trans woman</a>) faced extensive jail time when convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convicted pair, sentenced to the maximum of 14 years of hard labour each, were pardoned two weeks later following the intervention of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary General">United Nations Secretary General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2012, then-President <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Banda" title="Joyce Banda">Joyce Banda</a> pledged to repeal laws criminalising homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was her successor, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mutharika" title="Peter Mutharika">Peter Mutharika</a>, who imposed a moratorium in 2015 that suspended the country's anti-gay laws pending further review of the same laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Malawi24_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malawi24-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 June 2021, the country's <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community held the first <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride parade</a> in Lilongwe.<sup id="cite_ref-Malawi24_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malawi24-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malawi" title="Geography of Malawi">Geography of Malawi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg/250px-Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg/330px-Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg/500px-Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mountains in Northern Malawi during the rainy season</figcaption></figure> <p>Malawi is a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a> in southeastern Africa, bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique to the south, southwest, and general east. It lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/9th_parallel_south" title="9th parallel south">9°</a> and <a href="/wiki/18th_parallel_south" title="18th parallel south">18°S</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/32nd_meridian_east" title="32nd meridian east">32°</a> and <a href="/wiki/36th_meridian_east" title="36th meridian east">36°E</a>. The <a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">Great Rift Valley</a> runs through the country from north to south, and to the east of the valley lies <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a> (also called Lake <a href="/wiki/Nyasa_(lake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyasa (lake)">Nyasa</a>), making up over three-quarters of Malawi's eastern boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter142_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lake Malawi is sometimes called the Calendar Lake as it is about 365 miles (587 km) long and 52 miles (84 km) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shire_River" title="Shire River">Shire River</a> flows from the south end of the lake and joins the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi River</a> 400 kilometres (250 mi) farther south in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>. The surface of Lake Malawi is at 457 metres (1,500 ft) above sea level, with a maximum depth of 701 metres (2,300 ft), which means the lake bottom is over 213 metres (700 ft) below sea level at some points.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two small dugout canoes on the shore of a lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg/250px-Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg/330px-Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg/500px-Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Lake Malawi</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mountainous sections of Malawi surrounding the Rift Valley, plateaus rise generally 914 to 1,219 metres (3,000 to 4,000 ft) above sea level, although some rise as high as 2,438 metres (8,000 ft) in the north. To the south of Lake Malawi lies the <a href="/wiki/Shire_Highlands" title="Shire Highlands">Shire Highlands</a>, gently rolling land at approximately 914 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level. In this area, the Zomba and <a href="/wiki/Mulanje_Massif" title="Mulanje Massif">Mulanje</a> mountain peaks rise to respective heights of 2,134 and 3,048 metres (7,000 and 10,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter142_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malawi's capital is <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a>, and its commercial centre is <a href="/wiki/Blantyre" title="Blantyre">Blantyre</a>, with a population of over 500,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter142_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi has two sites listed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage List">UNESCO World Heritage List</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi_National_Park" title="Lake Malawi National Park">Lake Malawi National Park</a> was first listed in 1984, and the <a href="/wiki/Chongoni_Rock_Art_Area" title="Chongoni Rock Art Area">Chongoni Rock Art Area</a> was listed in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner24_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner24-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Malawi">Malawi's climate</a> is hot in the low-lying areas in the south of the country and temperate in the northern highlands. The altitude moderates what would otherwise be an equatorial climate. Between November and April, the temperature is warm with equatorial rains and thunderstorms, with the storms reaching their peak severity in late March. After March, the rainfall rapidly diminishes, and from May to September, wet mists float from the highlands into the plateaus, with almost no rainfall during these months.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutter142_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutter142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malawi" title="Wildlife of Malawi">Wildlife of Malawi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg/220px-Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg/330px-Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg/440px-Elephant_at_Majete_wildlife_reserve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3435" /></a><figcaption>Elephant in <a href="/wiki/Majete_Wildlife_Reserve" title="Majete Wildlife Reserve">Majete Wildlife Reserve</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Animal life indigenous to Malawi includes <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Malawi" title="List of mammals of Malawi">mammals</a> such as elephants, hippos, antelopes, buffaloes, big cats, monkeys, rhinos, and bats; a great variety of <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Malawi" title="List of birds of Malawi">birds</a>, including birds of prey, parrots, and falcons; waterfowl and large waders; and owls and songbirds. Lake Malawi has been described as having <i>one of the richest lake fish faunas in the world</i>, being the home for some 200 mammals, 650 birds, 30+ mollusks, and 5,500+ plant species.<sup id="cite_ref-feow_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feow-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven terrestrial ecoregions lie within Malawi's borders: <a href="/wiki/Central_Zambezian_miombo_woodlands" title="Central Zambezian miombo woodlands">Central Zambezian miombo woodlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_miombo_woodlands" title="Eastern miombo woodlands">Eastern miombo woodlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_miombo_woodlands" title="Southern miombo woodlands">Southern miombo woodlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambezian_and_mopane_woodlands" title="Zambezian and mopane woodlands">Zambezian and mopane woodlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambezian_flooded_grasslands" title="Zambezian flooded grasslands">Zambezian flooded grasslands</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Malawi_montane_forest-grassland_mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic">South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rift_montane_forest-grassland_mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic">Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are five <a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_of_Malawi" title="Category:National parks of Malawi">national parks</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Malawi" title="Category:Protected areas of Malawi">wildlife and game reserves</a> and two other <a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Malawi" title="Category:Protected areas of Malawi">protected areas</a> in Malawi.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 5.74/10, ranking it 96th globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">Economy of Malawi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Malawian_food_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian food crisis">Malawian food crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies based in Malawi">List of companies based in Malawi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilongwe_(Malawi)_-_crafts_market.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lilongwe_%28Malawi%29_-_crafts_market.JPG/220px-Lilongwe_%28Malawi%29_-_crafts_market.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lilongwe_%28Malawi%29_-_crafts_market.JPG/330px-Lilongwe_%28Malawi%29_-_crafts_market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lilongwe_%28Malawi%29_-_crafts_market.JPG/440px-Lilongwe_%28Malawi%29_-_crafts_market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Crafts market in Lilongwe</figcaption></figure> <p>Malawi is among the world's least developed countries. Around 85% of the population lives in rural areas. The economy is based on agriculture, and more than one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues come from this. In the past, the economy has been dependent on substantial economic aid from the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), and other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi was ranked the 119th safest investment destination in the world in the March 2011 Euromoney Country Risk rankings.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malawian government faces challenges in developing a market economy, improving environmental protection, dealing with the rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> problem, improving the education system, and satisfying its foreign donors to become financially independent. </p><p>In December 2000, the IMF stopped aid disbursements due to corruption concerns, and many individual donors followed, resulting in an almost 80% drop in Malawi's development budget.<sup id="cite_ref-Africa08_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa08-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2005, Malawi was the recipient of over US$575 million in aid. Many analysts believe that economic progress for Malawi depends on its ability to control population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2009 purchase of a private presidential jet followed almost immediately by a nationwide fuel shortage, which was officially blamed on logistical problems, was more likely due to the hard currency shortage caused by the jet purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Africa_News_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa_News-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nyasa_Times_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nyasa_Times-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, some setbacks have been experienced, and Malawi has lost some of its ability to pay for imports due to a general shortage of foreign exchange, as investment fell 23% in 2009. There are many investment barriers in Malawi, which the government has failed to address, including high service costs and poor infrastructure for power, water, and telecommunications. As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it was estimated that Malawi had a <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP) of $22.42 billion, with a per capita GDP of $1200, and inflation estimated at 12.2% in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agriculture accounts for 35% of GDP, industry for 19%, and <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> for the remaining 46%.<sup id="cite_ref-TWB_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-Africa08_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa08-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although economic growth was estimated at 9.7% in 2008 and strong growth is predicted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> for 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Poverty_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty rate">poverty rate</a> in Malawi is decreasing through the work of the government and supporting organisations, with people living under the poverty line decreasing from 54% in 1990 to 40% in 2006, and the percentage of "ultra-poor" decreasing from 24% in 1990 to 15% in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2015, southern Malawi was hit by floods. These floods affected more than a million people across the country, including 336,000 who were displaced, according to <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. Over 100 people were killed, and an estimated 64,000 hectares of cropland were washed away.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_industry">Agriculture and industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Agriculture and industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malawi" title="Agriculture in Malawi">Agriculture in Malawi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg/220px-Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg/330px-Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg/440px-Groundnut_harvesting_in_Malawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Harvesting <a href="/wiki/Bambara_groundnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambara groundnut">groundnuts</a> at an agricultural research station in Malawi</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">economy of Malawi</a> is predominantly agricultural. Over 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming, even though agriculture only contributed to 27% of GDP in 2013. The <a href="/wiki/Services_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Services sector">services sector</a> accounts for more than half of GDP (54%), compared to 11% for manufacturing and 8% for other industries, including natural uranium mining. Malawi invests more in agriculture (as a share of GDP) than any other African country: 28% of GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10% <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, produced in-country at two plants, to reduce dependence on imported fuel. In 2006, in response to low agricultural harvests, Malawi began a programme of <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> subsidies, the Fertiliser Input Subsidy Programme (FISP). It has been reported that this programme, championed by the country's president, is causing Malawi to become a net exporter of food to nearby countries.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FISP ended with President Mutharika's death. In 2020, the programme was replaced with the Affordable Inputs Program (AIP), which extends the subsidy on maize seed and fertiliser to <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and rice seed.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main agricultural products of Malawi include <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gossypium" title="Gossypium">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">tea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, potatoes, sorghum, cattle, and goats. The main industries are tobacco, tea, and sugar processing, <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmill</a> products, cement, and <a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">consumer goods</a>. The industrial production growth rate is estimated at 10% (2009). The country makes no significant use of natural gas. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Malawi does not import or export any electricity but does import all its petroleum, with no production in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Malawi began testing cars that ran solely on ethanol, and the country is continuing to increase its use of ethanol.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg/220px-Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg/330px-Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg/440px-Schoolchildren_in_Malawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Children attending a <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmer</a> meeting in Nalifu village, <a href="/wiki/Mulanje" title="Mulanje">Mulanje</a></figcaption></figure><p>As of 2009, Malawi exports an estimated US$945 million in goods per year. Tobacco's world prices declined, and the international community increases pressure to limit tobacco production. Malawi's dependence on tobacco is growing, with the product jumping from 53% to 70% of export revenues between 2007 and 2008. The country also relies heavily on tea, tobacco, sugar, and coffee making up more than 90% of Malawi's export revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Africa08_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa08-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is encouraging farmers away from tobacco towards more profitable crops, including spices such as <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>. The move away from tobacco is further fueled by likely <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organisation</a> moves against the particular type of tobacco that Malawi produces, <a href="/wiki/Burley_(tobacco)" title="Burley (tobacco)">burley leaf</a>. It is seen to be more harmful to human health than other tobacco products. India <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> is another possible alternative, but arguments have been made that it will bring more crime to the country through its resemblance to varieties of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> used as a <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational drug">recreational drug</a> and the difficulty in distinguishing between the two types.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cultivation of Malawian cannabis, known as <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawi Gold">Malawi Gold</a>, as a drug has increased significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi is known for growing "the best and finest" cannabis in the world for <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">recreational drug use</a>, according to a recent World Bank report, and cultivation and sales of the crop may contribute to corruption within the police force.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector,_2013_or_closest_year.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/330px-GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/495px-GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/660px-GDP_in_Southern_African_Development_Community_countries_by_economic_sector%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>GDP in Southern African Development Community countries by economic sector, 2013 or closest year<sup id="cite_ref-t2030_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t2030-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Other exported goods are cotton, peanuts, wood products, and <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">apparel</a>. The main destination locations for the country's exports are South Africa, Germany, Egypt, Zimbabwe, the United States, Russia, and the Netherlands. Malawi currently imports an estimated US$1.625 billion in goods per year, with the main commodities being food, petroleum products, consumer goods, and transportation equipment. The main countries that Malawi imports from are South Africa, India, Zambia, Tanzania, the US, and China.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Malawi was hit by a drought, and in January 2017, the country reported an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/African_armyworm" title="African armyworm">armyworms</a> around Zomba. The moth is capable of wiping out entire fields of corn, the staple grain of residents.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 January 2017, the agriculture minister <a href="/wiki/George_Chaponda" title="George Chaponda">George Chaponda</a> reported that 2,000 hectares of crop had been destroyed, having spread to nine of twenty-eight districts.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malawi" title="Transport in Malawi">Transport in Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Malawi" title="Rail transport in Malawi">Rail transport in Malawi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Malawi" title="Communications in Malawi">Communications in Malawi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG/250px-2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG/330px-2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG/500px-2010-10-21_12-42-27_Malawi_-_Bula.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3985" data-file-height="2647" /></a><figcaption>The M1 road between Blantyre and Lilongwe</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Malawi has 31 airports, seven with paved runways (two <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airports</a>) and 24 with unpaved runways. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the country has 797 kilometres (495 mi) of railways, all <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow-gauge">narrow-gauge</a>, and, as of 2003, 24,866 kilometres (15,451 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Roadway" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadway">roadways</a> in various conditions, 6,956 kilometres (4,322 mi) paved and 8,495 kilometres (5,279 mi) unpaved. Malawi also has 700 kilometres (430 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterways</a> on Lake Malawi and along the Shire River.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 10.23 million mobile phone connections in Malawi. There were 4.03 million Internet users in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, as of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there was one government-run radio station (Malawi Broadcasting Corporation) and approximately a dozen more owned by private enterprises. Radio, television and postal services in Malawi are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Communications_Regulatory_Authority" title="Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority">Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority</a> (MACRA).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country boasts 20 television stations by 2016 on the country's digital network MDBNL.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, Malawi's telecommunications system has been named as some of the poorest in Africa, but conditions are improving, with 130,000 land line telephones being connected between 2000 and 2007. Telephones are much more accessible in urban areas, with less than a quarter of land lines being in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Malawi" title="Science and technology in Malawi">Science and technology in Malawi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_trends">Research trends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Research trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries,_2005-2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries%2C_2005-2014.svg/220px-Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries%2C_2005-2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries%2C_2005-2014.svg/330px-Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries%2C_2005-2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries%2C_2005-2014.svg/440px-Scientific_publication_trends_in_SADC_countries%2C_2005-2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Scientific publication trends in the most productive SADC countries, 2005–2014<sup id="cite_ref-t2030_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t2030-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Malawi devoted 1.06% of GDP to research and development in 2010, according to a survey by the Department of Science and Technology, one of the highest ratios in Africa. This corresponds to $7.8 per researcher (in current purchasing parity dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Malawian scientists had the third-largest output in Southern Africa, in terms of articles cataloged in international journals. They published 322 articles in <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>' Web of Science that year, almost triple the number in 2005 (116). Only South Africa (9,309) and Tanzania (770) published more in Southern Africa. Malawian scientists publish more in mainstream journals – relative to GDP – than any other country of similar population size, with just 19 publications per million inhabitants cataloged in international journals in 2014. The average for sub-Saharan Africa is 20 publications per million inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malawi was ranked 107th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2021, up from 118th in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_framework">Policy framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Policy framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malawi's first science and technology policy dates from 1991 and was revised in 2002. The <i>National Science and Technology Policy</i> of 2002 envisaged the establishment of a National Commission for Science and Technology to advise the government and other stakeholders on science and technology-led development. Although the Science and Technology Act of 2003 made provision for the creation of this commission, it only became operational in 2011, with a secretariat resulting from the merger of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Council. The Science and Technology Act of 2003 also established a Science and Technology Fund to finance research and studies through government grants and loans but, as of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, this was not yet operational. The Secretariat of the National Commission for Science and Technology has reviewed the <i>Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation</i> (2011–2015) but, as of early 2015, the revised policy had not yet met with Cabinet approval.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 2012, most foreign investments flowed to infrastructure (62%) and the energy sector (33%). The government has introduced a series of fiscal incentives, including tax breaks, to attract more foreign investors. In 2013, the Malawi Investment and Trade Centre put together an investment portfolio spanning 20 companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the government adopted a <i>National Export Strategy</i> to diversify the country's exports. Production facilities are to be established for a wide range of products within the three selected clusters: oilseed products, sugar cane products, and manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_91-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate,_Cumulative_totals_by_field,_2008%E2%80%932014.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scientific research output in terms of publications in Southern Africa, cumulative totals by field, 2008–2014[109]"><img alt="Scientific research output in terms of publications in Southern Africa, cumulative totals by field, 2008–2014." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate%2C_Cumulative_totals_by_field%2C_2008%E2%80%932014.svg/200px-Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate%2C_Cumulative_totals_by_field%2C_2008%E2%80%932014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate%2C_Cumulative_totals_by_field%2C_2008%E2%80%932014.svg/300px-Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate%2C_Cumulative_totals_by_field%2C_2008%E2%80%932014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate%2C_Cumulative_totals_by_field%2C_2008%E2%80%932014.svg/400px-Life_sciences_and_geosciences_dominate%2C_Cumulative_totals_by_field%2C_2008%E2%80%932014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scientific research output in terms of publications in Southern Africa, cumulative totals by field, 2008–2014<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Researchers_(HC)_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants,_2013_or_closest_year.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year"><img alt="Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/138px-Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/207px-Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg/276px-Researchers_%28HC%29_in_Southern_Africa_per_million_inhabitants%2C_2013_or_closest_year.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014[99][110]"><img alt="Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg/250px-Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg/330px-Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg/500px-Seychelles_and_South_Africa_have_the_most_publications_per_million_inhabitants.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-t2030_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t2030-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Web_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Web-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa,_2012_or_closest_year.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year[111]"><img alt="Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year[111]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg/138px-Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg/207px-Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg/276px-Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malawi" title="Demographics of Malawi">Demographics of Malawi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malawi has a population of over 19 million, with a <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">growth rate</a> of 3.32%, according to 2021 estimates.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population is forecast to grow to over 47 million people by 2050, nearly tripling the estimated 16 million in 2010. Malawi's estimated 2016 population is, based on most recent estimates, 18,091,575.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malawi" title="List of cities in Malawi">List of cities in Malawi</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Malawi" title="Template:Largest cities of Malawi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Malawi" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Malawi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Malawi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Malawi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Malawi</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">According to the 2018 Census<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malawi" title="List of cities in Malawi">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Malawi" title="Regions of Malawi">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lilongwe"><img alt="Lilongwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg/120px-Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg/180px-Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg/240px-Lilongwe_drone_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="556" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_aerial_view_of_the_Centre_of_Blantyre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blantyre"><img alt="Blantyre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/An_aerial_view_of_the_Centre_of_Blantyre.jpg/120px-An_aerial_view_of_the_Centre_of_Blantyre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/An_aerial_view_of_the_Centre_of_Blantyre.jpg/250px-An_aerial_view_of_the_Centre_of_Blantyre.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="990" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Blantyre" title="Blantyre">Blantyre</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Malawi" title="Central Region, Malawi">Central</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">989,318 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Blantyre" title="Blantyre">Blantyre</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Malawi" title="Southern Region, Malawi">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">800,264 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mzuzu" title="Mzuzu">Mzuzu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Malawi" title="Northern Region, Malawi">Northern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">221,272 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zomba,_Malawi" title="Zomba, Malawi">Zomba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Malawi" title="Southern Region, Malawi">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">105,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karonga" title="Karonga">Karonga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Malawi" title="Northern Region, Malawi">Northern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kasungu" title="Kasungu">Kasungu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Malawi" title="Central Region, Malawi">Central</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,653 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mangochi" title="Mangochi">Mangochi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Malawi" title="Southern Region, Malawi">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">53,498 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Salima,_Malawi" title="Salima, Malawi">Salima</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Malawi" title="Central Region, Malawi">Central</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,789 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liwonde" title="Liwonde">Liwonde</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Malawi" title="Southern Region, Malawi">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,421 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balaka_Township,_Malawi" title="Balaka Township, Malawi">Balaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Malawi" title="Southern Region, Malawi">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,308 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic Groups in Malawi (<a href="/wiki/2018_census_of_Malawi" title="2018 census of Malawi">2018 census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Census2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnic Groups</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">per cent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Chewa</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:34.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">34.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Lomwe</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:18.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Yao</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:14.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Tumbuka</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:22.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">22.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Sena</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:3.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Mang'anja</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Nyanja</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:maroon; width:1.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Tonga</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgray; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Ngonde</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Lambya</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:tan; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Sukwa</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lime; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Violet; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Malawi's population is made up of the <a href="/wiki/Chewa_people" title="Chewa people">Chewa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_people" title="Tumbuka people">Tumbuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yao_(ethnic_group_in_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yao (ethnic group in Africa)">Yao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_people" title="Lomwe people">Lomwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga_people_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga people of Malawi">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ngonde" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngonde">Ngonde</a> native <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a>, as well as populations of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Malawi" title="Chinese people in Malawi">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">Europeans</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Malawi">Languages of Malawi</a></div> <div class="barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Languages of Malawi (2018 Census)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Languages</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">per cent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Chewa</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:42.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">42.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Tumbuka</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:33.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Yao</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:12.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Sena</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:9.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Lomwe</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:7.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Tonga</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Nkhonde</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:maroon; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Lambya</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:tan; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Nyakyusa</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:violet; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">English</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightgreen; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightblue; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>The official language is English.<sup id="cite_ref-language_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi,_English,_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi%2C_English%2C_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg/220px-Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi%2C_English%2C_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi%2C_English%2C_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg/330px-Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi%2C_English%2C_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi%2C_English%2C_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg/440px-Current_Malawi_health_passport_showing_3_languages_most_used_in_Malawi%2C_English%2C_Tumbuka_and_Chewa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Malawi health passport showing 3 major languages most used in Malawi: English (red dot), <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a> (blue dot), and <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Tumbuka</a> (green dot).</figcaption></figure> <p>Major languages include <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chichewa</a> (42.5%), <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_language" title="Tumbuka language">Chitumbuka</a> (31.2%), and <a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Chiyao</a> (13.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Native_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Native language">native languages</a> are <a href="/wiki/Malawi_Lomwe_language" title="Malawi Lomwe language">Malawian Lomwe</a>, spoken by around 250,000 in the southeast of the country; <a href="/wiki/Kokola" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokola">Kokola</a>, spoken by around 200,000 people also in the southeast; <a href="/wiki/Lambya_people" title="Lambya people">Lambya</a>, spoken by around 45,000 in the northwestern tip; <a href="/wiki/Ndali_language" title="Ndali language">Ndali</a>, spoken by around 70,000; <a href="/wiki/Nyakyusa_language" title="Nyakyusa language">Nyakyusa-Ngonde</a>, spoken by around 300,000 in northern Malawi; Malawian <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, spoken by around 270,000 in southern Malawi; and <a href="/wiki/Tonga_(Nyasa)_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga (Nyasa) language">Tonga</a>, spoken by around 170,000 in Nkhata-Bay District in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All students in public elementary school receive instruction in Chichewa, which is described as the unofficial national language of Malawi. Students in private elementary schools, however, receive instruction in English if they follow the American or British curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Religion in Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malawi" title="Christianity in Malawi">Christianity in Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Malawi">Roman Catholicism in Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malawi" title="Islam in Malawi">Islam in Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malawi" title="Hinduism in Malawi">Hinduism in Malawi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Malawi" title="Baháʼí Faith in Malawi">Baháʼí Faith in Malawi</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption"><b>Religion in Malawi</b> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Blue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (77.3%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Green;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (13.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Yellow;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Traditional (1.1%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:black;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Other or none (7.8%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:black;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other or none (7.8%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:Blue;color:#000" title="Christianity (77.3%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:Blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.273turn)" title="Christianity (77.3%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.773turn)" title="Islam (13.8%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.786turn)" title="Islam (13.8%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.911turn); background:Yellow;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.92253007% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Traditional (1.1%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg/250px-Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg/330px-Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg/500px-Livingstonia_Mission_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Mission Church in <a href="/wiki/Livingstonia,_Malawi" title="Livingstonia, Malawi">Livingstonia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Malawi is a majority Christian country, with a significant Muslim minority. Government surveys indicate that 87% of the country is Christian, with a minority 11.6% Muslim population.<sup id="cite_ref-DHS_2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHS_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest Christian groups in Malawi are the Roman Catholic Church, of which 19% of Malawians are adherents, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Central_Africa_Presbyterian" title="Church of Central Africa Presbyterian">Church of Central Africa Presbyterian</a> (CCAP) to which 18% belong.<sup id="cite_ref-DHS_2016_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHS_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCAP is the largest Protestant denomination in Malawi with 1.3 million members. There are smaller <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> denominations like the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Malawi" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_of_Malawi" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Malawi">Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Malawi</a>. There are also smaller numbers of <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, evangelicals, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Central_Africa" title="Lutheran Church of Central Africa">Lutherans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the Muslim population is <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>, of either the <a href="/wiki/Qadriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadriya">Qadriya</a> or Sukkutu groups.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other religious groups within the country include <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (over 100,000),<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, with just over 2,000 members in the country at the end of 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a> (0.2%<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheists</a> make up around 4% of the population, although this number may include people who practice traditional African religions that do not have any gods.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malawi" title="Healthcare in Malawi">Healthcare in Malawi</a></div> <p>Malawi has central hospitals, regional and private facilities. The public sector offers free health services and medicines, while <a href="/wiki/Non-government_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-government organizations">non-government organizations</a> offers services and medicines for fees. Private doctors offer fee-based services and medicines. Health insurance schemes have been established since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country has a <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_manufacturing" title="Pharmaceutical manufacturing">pharmaceutical manufacturing</a> industry consisting of four privately owned pharmaceutical companies.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the major health facilities in the country are Blantyre Adventist Hospital, Mwaiwathu Private Hospital, and Kamuzu Central Hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a> rates are high, and <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at birth is 50.03 years. <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malawi" title="Abortion in Malawi">Abortion is illegal in Malawi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except to save the mother's life. The Penal Code punishes women who seek illegal or clinical abortion with 7 years in prison, and 14 years for those perform the abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a high adult prevalence rate of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, with an estimated 980,000 adults (or 9.1% of the population) living with the disease in 2015. There are approximately 27,000 deaths each year from HIV/AIDS, and over half a million children orphaned because of the disease (2015).<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 250 new people are infected each day, and at least 70% of Malawi's hospital beds are occupied by HIV/AIDS patients. The high rate of infection has resulted in an estimated 5.8% of the farm labour force dying of the disease. The government spends over $120,000 each year on funerals for civil servants who die of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Africa08_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa08-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a very high degree of risk for infectious diseases, including bacterial and protozoal <a href="/wiki/Diarrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A" title="Hepatitis A">hepatitis A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schistosomiasis" title="Schistosomiasis">schistosomiasis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_55-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, Malawi has decreased child mortality and the incidences of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; however, the country has been "performing dismally" on reducing maternal mortality and promoting <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a> (FGM), while not widespread, is practiced in some local communities.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI), Malawi's score is <mark>21.9</mark>, which indicates a serious level of hunger. Malawi is ranked 93rd out of 127 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malawi" title="Education in Malawi">Education in Malawi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP,_2012_or_closest_year.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg/220px-Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg/330px-Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg/440px-Public_expenditure_on_education_in_Southern_Africa_as_a_share_of_GDP%2C_2012_or_closest_year.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Public expenditure on education in Southern Africa as a share of GDP, 2012 or closest year<sup id="cite_ref-Web_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Web-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1994, free primary education for all Malawian children was established by the government, and primary education has been compulsory since the passage of the Revised Education Act in 2012. As a result, enrollment rates for primary schools went up from 58% in 1992 to 75% in 2007. The percentage of students who begin standard one and complete standard five has increased from 64% in 1992 to 86% in 2006. According to the World Bank, youth literacy had also increased from 68% in 2000 to 75% in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increase is primarily attributed to improved learning materials in schools, better infrastructure and feeding programs that have been implemented throughout the school system.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, attendance in the secondary school falls to approximately 25%, with attendance rates being slightly higher for males.<sup id="cite_ref-Furlong_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furlong-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U.N._137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.N.-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dropout rates are higher for girls than boys.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Education in Malawi comprises eight years of primary education, four years of secondary school and four years of university. There are four public universities in Malawi: <a href="/wiki/Mzuzu_University" title="Mzuzu University">Mzuzu University</a> (MZUNI), <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe_University_of_Agriculture_and_Natural_Resources" title="Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources">Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources</a> (LUANAR), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malawi" title="University of Malawi">University of Malawi</a> (UNIMA) and <a href="/wiki/Malawi_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Malawi University of Science and Technology">Malawi University of Science and Technology</a> (MUST). There are also private universities, such as Livingstonia, Malawi Lakeview, and Catholic University of Malawi. The entry requirement is six credits on the Malawi School Certificate of Education, which is equivalent to O levels.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_in_Malawi">Women in Malawi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Women in Malawi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg/170px-Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg/255px-Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg/340px-Making_candles_in_Malawi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption>Mbawemi Women's group in Malawi learning how to make beeswax into candles</figcaption></figure> <p>The ratio of male to female students shows women's access to schooling starts on a par with men's.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Female students in Malawi see consistent declines as age increases.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The life expectancy of women was approximately 58 in 2010, and 66 in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maternal mortality rate in Malawi is particularly low compared with countries at similar levels of development.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inheritance rights in Malawi are equal by gender for children and for surviving spouses.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A higher percentage of the male population is employed, and the female population has a higher total employed population and a very similar unemployment rate.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (January 2025)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This gap continues with wages in Malawi.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest-ranked sub-Saharan state, Rwanda, scored a 0.791 on a 0–1 scale and Malawi scored 0.664.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women's participation in national politics has been shown to be weaker than men's due to stereotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Female participation in politics is further restricted by gatekeepers, who provide access to the resources needed to win elections and maintain seats in parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This limited participation is directly correlated to the limited number of women in politics. The national parliament has appointed female members to seats in the body, and over 20% of the seats in parliament are held by women.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malawian_Defence_Force" title="Malawian Defence Force">Malawian Defence Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malawian_female_soldier_(45745891874).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Malawian_female_soldier_%2845745891874%29.jpg/220px-Malawian_female_soldier_%2845745891874%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Malawian_female_soldier_%2845745891874%29.jpg/330px-Malawian_female_soldier_%2845745891874%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Malawian_female_soldier_%2845745891874%29.jpg/440px-Malawian_female_soldier_%2845745891874%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Malawian female soldier</figcaption></figure> <p>Malawi maintains a small standing military of approximately 25,000, the <a href="/wiki/Malawian_Defence_Force" title="Malawian Defence Force">Malawian Defence Force</a>. It consists of army, navy and air force elements. The Malawi army originated from <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British colonial units</a> formed before independence, and is now made up of two rifle regiments and one parachute regiment. The Malawi Air Force was established with German help in 1976, and operates a small number of transport aircraft and multi-purpose helicopters. The Malawian Navy was established in the early 1970s with Portuguese support, presently having three vessels operating on Lake Malawi, based in <a href="/wiki/Monkey_Bay" title="Monkey Bay">Monkey Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner22_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner22-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Malawi signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi" title="Music of Malawi">Music of Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drums_exhibit,_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Drums_exhibit%2C_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg/220px-Drums_exhibit%2C_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Drums_exhibit%2C_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg/330px-Drums_exhibit%2C_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Drums_exhibit%2C_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg/440px-Drums_exhibit%2C_Blantyre_Chichiri_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Musical instruments of Malawi</figcaption></figure> <p>The name "Malawi" comes from the <a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> ethnic group who emigrated from the southern <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</a> around 1400 AD. Over the past century, ethnic distinctions have diminished to the point where there is no significant inter-ethnic friction, although regional divisions still occur. The concept of a Malawian nationality has begun to form around predominantly rural people who are generally conservative and traditionally nonviolent. The "Warm Heart of Africa" nickname was given to the country due to the perceived loving nature of the Malawian people.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1964 to 2010, and again since 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" title="Flag of Malawi">flag of Malawi</a> is made up of three equal horizontal stripes of black, red, and green with a red rising sun superimposed in the center of the black stripe. The black stripe represented the African people, the red represented the blood of martyrs for African freedom, green represented Malawi's ever-green nature and the rising sun represented the dawn of freedom and hope for Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Flag_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flag-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the flag was changed, removing the red rising sun and adding a full white sun in the centre as a symbol of Malawi's <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">economic progress</a>. The change was reverted in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Dance_Troupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Dance Troupe (page does not exist)">National Dance Troupe</a> (formerly the Kwacha Cultural Troupe) was formed in November 1987 by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner24_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner24-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional music and dances can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">initiation rites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a>, marriage ceremonies and celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The indigenous ethnic groups of Malawi have a tradition of <a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">basketry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">mask</a> <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">carving</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> are also popular in more urban centres, with many of the items produced being sold to tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (October 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are several internationally recognised literary figures from Malawi, including poet <a href="/wiki/Jack_Mapanje" title="Jack Mapanje">Jack Mapanje</a>, history and fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tiyambe_Zeleza" title="Paul Tiyambe Zeleza">Paul Zeleza</a> and authors <a href="/wiki/Legson_Kayira" title="Legson Kayira">Legson Kayira</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Malawi" title="Mass media in Malawi">Mass media in Malawi</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/Television_Malawi" title="Television Malawi">Television Malawi</a>, run by the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), is the national public broadcaster of Malawi. Established under an Act of Parliament in 1964, MBC operates both radio and television services. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Malawi" title="Sports in Malawi">Sports in Malawi</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most common sport in Malawi, introduced during British colonial rule. Its <a href="/wiki/Malawi_national_football_team" title="Malawi national football team">national team</a> has failed to qualify for a <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cup</a> so far but has made three appearances in the <a href="/wiki/Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="Africa Cup of Nations">Africa Cup of Nations</a>. Football teams include the <a href="/wiki/Mighty_Wanderers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mighty Wanderers">Mighty Wanderers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyasa_Big_Bullets_FC" title="Nyasa Big Bullets FC">Big Bullets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Strikers_FC" title="Silver Strikers FC">Silver Strikers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Eagles_FC" title="Blue Eagles FC">Blue Eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_United_FC" title="Civil Service United FC">Civo Sporting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moyale_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Moyale Barracks">Moyale Barracks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mighty_Tigers_FC" title="Mighty Tigers FC">Mighty Tigers</a>. Basketball is also growing in popularity, but its <a href="/wiki/Malawi_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawi national basketball team">national team</a> is yet to participate in any international competition.<sup id="cite_ref-Gall_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gall-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More success has been found in <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Malawi_national_netball_team" title="Malawi national netball team">Malawi national netball team</a><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranked 6th in the world (as of March 2021). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian cuisine</a></div> <p>Malawian cuisine is diverse, with tea and fish being popular features of the country's cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-emb_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emb-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sugar, coffee, corn, potatoes, sorghum, cattle, and goats are also important components of the cuisine and economy. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a> is a source of fish, including <a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_lidole" title="Oreochromis lidole">chambo</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Bream" title="Bream">bream</a>), <a href="/wiki/Usipa" title="Usipa">usipa</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardines</a>), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mpasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mpasa (page does not exist)">mpasa</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kampango" title="Kampango">kampango</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-emb_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emb-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nsima" class="mw-redirect" title="Nsima">Nsima</a> is a food staple made from ground corn and typically served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. It is commonly eaten for lunch and dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-emb_159-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emb-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malawi" title="Portal:Malawi">Malawi portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malawi" title="Outline of Malawi">Outline of Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malawi" title="Telephone numbers in Malawi">Telephone numbers in Malawi</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Lyrics on Demand. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lyricsondemand.com/miscellaneouslyrics/nationalanthemslyrics/malawinationalanthemlyrics.html">the original</a> on 10 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Netball<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+World+Rankings&rft.pub=World+Netball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetball.sport%2Fevents-and-results%2Fcurrent-world-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emb-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emb_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emb_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emb_159-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314022501/http://www.malawiembassy.org/en/visit/food.html">"The Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Malawi to Japan"</a>. <i>Malawiembassy.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malawiembassy.org/en/visit/food.html">the original</a> on 14 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malawiembassy.org&rft.atitle=The+Official+Website+of+the+Embassy+of+the+Republic+of+Malawi+to+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malawiembassy.org%2Fen%2Fvisit%2Ffood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCutter,_Charles_H.2006" class="citation book cs1">Cutter, Charles H. (2006). <i>Africa 2006</i> (41st ed.). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-887985-72-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-887985-72-7"><bdi>1-887985-72-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+2006&rft.place=Harpers+Ferry%2C+West+Virginia&rft.edition=41st&rft.pub=Stryker-Post+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-887985-72-7&rft.au=Cutter%2C+Charles+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson,_Basil1991" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Basil (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africainhistoryt00davi_0"><i>Africa in History: Themes and Outlines</i></a> (Revised and Expanded ed.). New York: Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-042791-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-042791-3"><bdi>0-02-042791-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+in+History%3A+Themes+and+Outlines&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=Collier+Books%2C+Macmillan+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-02-042791-3&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricainhistoryt00davi_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDickovick,_J._Tyler2008" class="citation book cs1">Dickovick, J. Tyler (2008). <i>Africa 2008</i> (43rd ed.). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887985-90-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887985-90-1"><bdi>978-1-887985-90-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+2008&rft.place=Harpers+Ferry%2C+West+Virginia&rft.edition=43rd&rft.pub=Stryker-Post+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-887985-90-1&rft.au=Dickovick%2C+J.+Tyler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeredith,_Martin2005" class="citation book cs1">Meredith, Martin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fateofafricafrom00mere"><i>The Fate of Africa – From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair: A History of 50 Years of Independence</i></a>. New York: Public Affairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58648-246-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-58648-246-7"><bdi>1-58648-246-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fate+of+Africa+%E2%80%93+From+the+Hopes+of+Freedom+to+the+Heart+of+Despair%3A+A+History+of+50+Years+of+Independence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-58648-246-7&rft.au=Meredith%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffateofafricafrom00mere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy,_Philip2005" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Philip, ed. (2005). <i>Central Africa: Closer Association 1945–1958</i>. London, UK: The Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-290586-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-290586-2"><bdi>0-11-290586-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+Africa%3A+Closer+Association+1945%E2%80%931958&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-11-290586-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReader,_John1999" class="citation book cs1">Reader, John (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africabiographyo0000read"><i>Africa: A Biography of the Continent</i></a></span> (First Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-73869-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-73869-X"><bdi>0-679-73869-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa%3A+A+Biography+of+the+Continent&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+Vintage+Books&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-679-73869-X&rft.au=Reader%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricabiographyo0000read&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurner,_Barry2008" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Barry, ed. (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statesmansyearbo0000unse"><i>The Statesman's Yearbook 2009: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World</i></a></span>. Macmillan Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-9278-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-9278-9"><bdi>978-1-4039-9278-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statesman%27s+Yearbook+2009%3A+The+Politics%2C+Cultures+and+Economies+of+the+World&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-9278-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatesmansyearbo0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalawi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Willie Molesi, <i>Black Africa versus Arab North Africa: The Great Divide</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8332308994" title="Special:BookSources/979-8332308994">979-8332308994</a></li> <li>Willie Molesi, <i>Relations Between Africans and Arabs: Harsh Realities</i>,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8334767546" title="Special:BookSources/979-8334767546">979-8334767546</a></li> <li>Willie Molesi, <i>Africans and Indians: The Gulf Between</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8338818190" title="Special:BookSources/979-8338818190">979-8338818190</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Malawi</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Malawi" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Malawi">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mala%C5%B5i" class="extiw" title="c:Malaŵi">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Malawi" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Malawi">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Malawi" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Malawi">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Malawi" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Malawi">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Malawi" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Malawi">Wikimedia Atlas of Malawi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malawi_articles533" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malawi_topics" title="Template:Malawi topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malawi_topics" title="Template talk:Malawi topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malawi_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malawi topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malawi_articles533" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malawi" title="Outline of Malawi">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malawi" title="History of Malawi">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">British Central Africa Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising" title="Chilembwe uprising">Chilembwe uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_democracy_referendum,_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawian democracy referendum, 1993">1993 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Malawi" title="Political history of Malawi">Political history of Malawi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Republic_of_Malawi" title="Coat of arms of the Republic of Malawi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malawi" title="Geography of Malawi">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malawi" title="List of cities in Malawi">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malawi#Climate" title="Geography of Malawi">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malawi" title="Districts of Malawi">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Malawi" title="List of ecoregions in Malawi">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malawi" title="List of islands of Malawi">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks of Malawi">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Malawi" title="Regions of Malawi">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malawi" title="List of rivers of Malawi">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malawi" title="Wildlife of Malawi">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Africa" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Africa">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malawi" title="Politics of Malawi">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malawi" title="Cabinet of Malawi">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malawi" title="Elections in Malawi">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malawi" title="Foreign relations of Malawi">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malawi" title="Judiciary of Malawi">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malawi" title="Human rights in Malawi">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malawi">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Defence_Force" title="Malawian Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Malawi)" title="National Assembly (Malawi)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malawi" title="List of political parties in Malawi">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malawi" title="List of heads of state of Malawi">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Courts_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Courts in Malawi">Traditional Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malawi" title="Agriculture in Malawi">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Malawi" title="Reserve Bank of Malawi">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_kwacha" title="Malawian kwacha">Kwacha <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Stock_Exchange" title="Malawi Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Malawi" title="Communications in Malawi">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malawi" title="Tourism in Malawi">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malawi" title="Transport in Malawi">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malawi" title="Category:Society of Malawi">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malawi" title="Abortion in Malawi">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungu_dalitsa_Mala%C5%B5i" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malawi" title="Coat of arms of Malawi">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Malawi" title="Category:Culture of Malawi">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malawi" title="Demographics of Malawi">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Malawi" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Malawi">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malawi" title="Education in Malawi">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" title="Flag of Malawi">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malawi" title="Healthcare in Malawi">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malawi">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi" title="Music of Malawi">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Malawi" title="Sports in Malawi">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malawi" title="Outline of Malawi">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malawi" title="Outline of Malawi">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malawi" title="Category:Malawi">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malawi" title="Portal:Malawi">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Malawi94" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Malawi94" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Malawi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template talk:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaire_Mbuende" title="Kaire Mbuende">Kaire Mbuende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prega_Ramsamy" title="Prega Ramsamy">Prega Ramsamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaz_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Tomaz Salomão">Tomaz Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Coordination_Conference" title="Southern African Development Coordination Conference">Southern African Development Coordination Conference <span style="font-size:85%;">(forerunner)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union <span style="font-size:85%;">(SACU)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Monetary_Area" title="Common Monetary Area">Common Monetary Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(CMA)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa <span style="font-size:85%;">(COMESA)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union339" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union339" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Education,_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation" title="African Union Department of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation">Department of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Political_Affairs,_Peace_and_Security" title="African Union Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security">Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union_Department_of_Infrastructure_and_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Union Department of Infrastructure and Energy (page does not exist)">Department of Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Health,_Humanitarian_Affairs_and_Social_Development" title="African Union Department of Health, Humanitarian Affairs and Social Development">Department of Health, Humanitarian Affairs and Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Agriculture" title="African Union Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Blue Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Economic_Development,_Trade,_Tourism,_Industry,_Mining" title="African Union Department of Economic Development, Trade, Tourism, Industry, Mining">Department of Economic Development, Trade, Tourism, Industry, Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_African_Union" title="Agencies of the African Union">Specialised agencies and institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Civil_Aviation_Commission" title="African Civil Aviation Commission">African Civil Aviation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Energy_Commission" title="African Energy Commission">African Energy Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afripol" title="Afripol">Afripol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Space_Agency" title="African Space Agency">African Space Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-African_Highway_network" title="Trans-African Highway network">Trans-African Highway network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Africa">Federal Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a><br />(members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English-speaking_world69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template talk:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English-speaking_world69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_language#Geographical_distribution" title="English language">English-speaking world</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="English speaking countries"><img alt="English speaking countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/600px-Anglophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/900px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/1200px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="974" resource="/wiki/File:Anglophone_World.svg" /></span><figcaption>English speaking countries</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Further_links69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Further links</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English language">History of the English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">English in the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;color:darkblue;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population" title="List of countries by English-speaking population">List of countries by English-speaking population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_English_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where English is an official language">List of countries where English is an official language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:blue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_the_national_language_or_the_native_language_of_the_majority236"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightblue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language,_but_not_the_majority_first_language161"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2969" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2969" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121867269">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138148995952859751705">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209421/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRDcvbKYgdTDTv9TW9KM">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074495-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80089996">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12141219n">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932405s">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12141219n">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932405s">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567487">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Malawi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129934&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453562">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5056180">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90618168">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810538247205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552788005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b4d3ff41-ead2-300f-9c11-f73f8ad39678">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/d8b17b0b-8ff1-4fe3-8452-80e04c253938">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/jffpQVEE">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029879302">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003454">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044541">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=61043">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/malavi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a 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