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site-header-sm"> <span class="event-title">联合国要点</span><br/> <span class="event-date">快速了解联合国</span> </h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header>  <div class="grid-section"> <div class="content grid-container">  <div class=" filters-container"> <ul class="media-boxes-filter" id="filter">  <li><a id="factsfilter" class="selected" href="#" data-filter=".facts">情况速览</a></li> <li><a id="essentialsfilter" href="#" data-filter=".essentials">背景故事</a></li> <li><a href="#" id="videofilter" data-filter=".videos">视频</a></li> <li><a id="explorefilter" href="#" data-filter=".explore">探索</a></li> <li><a id="quizfilter" href="#" data-filter=".quiz">测验</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="grid">  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="2"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/ruins.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/history-of-the-un"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">二战后的波兰华沙一片废墟。联合国图片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/history-of-the-un">起源</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　成立联合国的设想始于第二次世界大战期间（1939至1945年）。“联合国”这一名称是由美国总统富兰克林·D·罗斯福设想出来的。该名称于1942年1月1日发布《联合国家宣言》时首次使用。时值第二次世界大战进行期间，当时26个国家派出的代表承诺其政府将继续共同对轴心国作战。各国领导人在共同协作终止战争之后感到，迫切需要有一种机制来协助促成和平，阻止未来的战争。他们意识到，各国必须在一个全球性组织中通力协作，这个设想才有可能实现。联合国就是这样一个组织。 </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/charter.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/un-charter"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">在纽约联合国总部展出的原《联合国宪章》。联合国照片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/un-charter">联合国宪章</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　联合国的创始文件《联合国宪章》于1945年6月26日在旧金山签署。<br> 根据《联合国宪章》，联合国的宗旨是：<br> <ul><li>欲免后世再遭战祸；</li> <li>重申对基本人权的信念；</li> <li>创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而起之义务，久而弗懈；</li> <li>促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生。</li></ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/udhr.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">1949年，埃莉诺·罗斯福手持一份《世界人权宣言》的海报。联合国图片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights">《世界人权宣言》</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　《世界人权宣言》是人权史上具有里程碑意义的文件，由联合国大会于1948年12月10日通过。作为所有国家和所有人民的共同成就，《世界人权宣言》第一次规定了基本人权应得到普遍保护。《世界人权宣言》已被翻译成超过500种语言。 </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/flags.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/member-states"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">会员国的旗帜在联合国秘书处大楼外飘扬。联合国图片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/member-states">会员国</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　申请加入联合国的国家须经安全理事会推荐，再由联合国大会决定，才能获得联合国会员国资格。只有其他国家或政府才拥有承认一个新的国家或政府的权力。联合国现有193个会员国。这些会员国承担联合国的所有费用，根据大家商定的分摊比额表来支付。这个分摊比额表是根据国家的支付能力、国家收入和人口制定的。 </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/leaders.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="https://www.un.org/sg/zh"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯（右）和常务副秘书长阿米娜•穆罕默德。</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/sg/zh">领导人</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　联合国秘书长既是外交官又是代言人，既是公务员又是首席执行官，作为联合国理想的象征，秘书长为全世界人们，尤其是穷人和弱势人群仗义执言。联合国现任也是第九任秘书长是来自葡萄牙的安东尼奥•古特雷斯先生，他于2017年1月1日开始担任此职务。自1997年起，秘书处设常务副秘书长，协助秘书长处理秘书处事务。目前常务副秘书长是来自尼日利亚的阿米娜•穆罕默德女士。 </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/nobel.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/nobel-peace-prize"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">诺贝尔和平奖奖章。联合国图片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/nobel-peace-prize">表彰</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　70年来，联合国及其专门机构、相关机构、基金、方案和工作人员共11次获颁诺贝尔和平奖。科菲·安南和达格·哈马舍尔德两任秘书长皆因他们开展的工作被挪威诺贝尔委员会授予和平奖。 </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box essentials" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="http://www.un.org/sites/www.un.org/files/styles/large/public/2014/11/24/un-flag-flying-pole-blue-sky-behind-it.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/our-work"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">联合国旗帜。联合国图片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/our-work">行动使命</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">　　联合国是一个全球论坛，供各国提出和讨论最难解决的问题，包括战争和和平问题。除维护国际和平与安全外，联合国的工作还包括保护人权，提供人道主义援助，促进可持续发展以及维护国际法。 </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box facts" data-columns="2"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="https://www.un.org/en/essential-un/img/sg-sudan.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a href="http://www.un.org/zh/sections/issues-depth/global-issues-fast-facts/index.html"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption">秘书长会见南苏丹难民。联合国图片</div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/global-issues/">您知道吗？</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text"> <p>　　作为世界上唯一真正具有普遍性的全球组织，联合国是应对仅靠一个国家无法得到解决的跨国界问题的最重要论坛。您知道吗？</p> <ul> <li>世界上大多数人仍生活在距离海洋不超过200英里的范围内；</li> <li>非殖民化改变了世界面貌，80多个殖民地成为独立的国家；</li> <li>女性劳动力收入的全球平均水平仍比男性低四分之一。<br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.un.org/zh/global-issues/">浏览有关日常议题的更多内容</a><br /> </li> </ul> <div class="media-box-bottom col-md-12"> <div class="share-button"> <i class="fa fa-share-alt fa-lg"></i> <div class="share-button-content"> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-didyouknow" data-network="Facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-lg"></i></a> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-didyouknow&original_referer=" data-network="Twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-lg"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box facts" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-width="400px" data-height="704px" data-thumbnail="https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/img/2021_un_card_zh.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/pdf/2021_un_card_zh.pdf"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption"></div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/pdf/2021_un_card_zh.pdf">联合国行动：11个事实</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text"> <h3>联合国</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/zh/coronavirus">抗击大流行病：协调全球新冠疫苗接种</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wfp.org/our-work">为88个国家9700万人提供粮食和援助</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unicef.org/zh/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E6%8E%A5%E7%A7%8D">为世界50%的儿童提供疫苗，每年帮助拯救300万人的生命</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/stories/2017/6/5941561f4/forced-displacement-worldwide-its-highest-decades.html">为9730万逃离战争、饥荒和迫害的人提供援助和保护</a></li> <li><a href="https://cop23.unfccc.int/news/finale-cop21">与196个国家合作将全球气温升幅控制在2°C以下</a></li> <li><a href="https://peacekeeping.un.org/zh/where-we-operate">9万名维和人员在全球12个维和行动中维持和平</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/">解决影响超过22亿人口的全球水危机</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/zh/">通过80项条约/宣言在全球保护和促进人权</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unocha.org/our-work/coordination/">协调筹措340亿美元满足1亿6000万人的人道主义需求</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.un.org/sg/zh/content/chapter-ii-b-maintenance-international-peace-and-security">利用外交手段预防冲突：每年为约50个国家提供选举援助</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.unfpa.org/maternal-health">每年为3000多万名妇女提供性健康和生殖健康服务</a></li> </ul> <div class="media-box-bottom col-md-12"> <div class="share-button"> <i class="fa fa-share-alt fa-lg"></i> <div class="share-button-content"> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-10facts" data-network="Facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-lg"></i></a> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.un.org/zh/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-10facts&original_referer=" data-network="Twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-lg"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="faq" class="media-box facts" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-width="400px" data-height="267px" data-thumbnail="/zh/essential-un/img/dag-text.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a target="_blank" href="https://ask.un.org/"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption"></div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a target="_blank" href="https://ask.un.org/ ">联合国：常见问题</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text"> 　　达格·哈马舍尔德图书馆简要回答了关于联合国的<a target="_blank" href="https://ask.un.org/">常见问题</a>：所有回答可点击进入官网查看。例如： <ul> <li><a href="https://ask.un.org/faq/177270">联合国有军队吗？</a></li> <li><a href="https://ask.un.org/faq/14425">如何填写联合国违反人权申诉书？</a></li> <li><a href="https://ask.un.org/faq/140935">什么是联合国专门机构？共有多少个？</a></li> <li><a href="https://ask.un.org/faq/361637">如何查询投票信息？</a></li> </ul> <div class="media-box-bottom col-md-12"> <div class="share-button"> <i class="fa fa-share-alt fa-lg"></i> <div class="share-button-content"> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.un.org/en/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-faq" data-network="Facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-lg"></i></a> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.un.org/en/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-faq&original_referer=" data-network="Twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-lg"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="sdgfacts" class="media-box facts" data-columns="1"> <div class="media-box-image"> <div data-thumbnail="/en/essential-un/img/sdg-logo.jpg"></div> <div class="thumbnail-overlay"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/"><i class="fa fa-plus mb-open-popup"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption"></div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a target="_blank" href="http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/">可持续发展目标</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text"> 　　2015年9月，各国通过了一套可持续发展<a href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/">17个目标</a>，将消除贫困，保护地球和确保繁荣作为新的可持续发展议程的一部分，其中每个目标都设立了未来15年的具体任务，包括: <p> </p> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/poverty/">在全球所有人口中消除极端贫困</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/health//">消除新生儿和5岁以下儿童可预防的死亡</a> </li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/water-and-sanitation/">人人普遍和公平获得安全和负担得起的饮用水</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/gender-equality/">在世界各地消除对妇女和女孩的一切形式歧视</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/oceans/">减少和应对海洋酸化的影响</a></li> </ul> <div class="media-box-bottom col-md-12"> <div class="share-button"> <i class="fa fa-share-alt fa-lg"></i> <div class="share-button-content"> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-facebook" 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href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/assessments.shtml">谁为联合国付费？数额是多少？</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text"> 　　<a href="https://www.un.org/zh/about-us/member-states">成员国</a>根据<a href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/scale.shtml">分摊比额表</a>缴纳会费。该表格按照国家支付能力、国民收入和人口数量进行配额。缴费最多的国家是美国、中国、日本和德国。<br> <br> 　　联合国所有常规活动、职员和基础设施加起来的当前预算额是35亿9千万美元。联合国每年用于维和的预算金额占全球军费支出的0.03%。较于战争，和平的代价要低得多。 <div class="media-box-bottom col-md-12"> <div class="share-button"> <i class="fa fa-share-alt fa-lg"></i> <div class="share-button-content"> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.un.org/en/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-budgetfacts" data-network="Facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-lg"></i></a> <a target="_blank" class="share-btn share-btn-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.un.org/en/essential-un/index.shtml?filtervalue=factsfilter-budgetfacts&original_referer=" data-network="Twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-lg"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box videos" data-columns="2"> <div class="youtube-player" data-id="PUZ5tmyJSnc"></div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption"></div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://webtv.un.org/search/%E4%BD%95%E8%B0%93%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD/5540760431001/?term=What%20is%20the%20UN?&sort=date">何谓联合国</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">有关联合国——一个帮助建设更加美好世界的国际组织的主要组成部分、使命和工作。</div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box videos" data-columns="2"> <div class="youtube-player" data-id="nN9ARepVDSg"></div> <div class="media-box-content"> <div class="media-box-caption"></div> <div class="media-box-title"> <h2><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN9ARepVDSg">联合国秘书长的作用是什么？</a></h2> </div> <div class="media-box-text">本视频概述了世界最高外交官的核心职责：为全人类服务。</div> </div> </div>  <div class="media-box videos" data-columns="2"> <div 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