CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112"> <meta name="keywords" content="serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 39</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Application of Three Phase Partitioning (TPP) for the Purification of Serratiopeptidase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapnil%20V.%20Pakhale">Swapnil V. Pakhale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20S.%20Bhagwat"> Sunil S. Bhagwat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three phase partitioning (TPP) an efficient bioseparation technique integrates the concentration and partial purification step of downstream processing of a biomolecule. Three Phase Partitioning is reported here for the first time for purification of Serratiopeptidase from fermentation broths of Serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112. The influence of various salts and solvents, Concentration of ammonium sulphate (20-60% w/v), Crude extract to t-butanol ratio (1:0.5-1:2.5) and system pH on Serratiopeptidase partitioning were investigated and optimum conditions for TPP were obtained in order to enhance the degree of purification and activity recovery of Serratiopeptidase. Under the optimal conditions of TPP, serratiopeptidase has been efficiently separated and concentrated with maximum recovery and degree of purification of 95.70% and 4.95 fold respectively. The present study shows TPP as an attractive downstream process for the purification of serratiopeptidase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20phase%20partitioning" title="three phase partitioning">three phase partitioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serratiopeptidase" title=" serratiopeptidase"> serratiopeptidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serratia%20marcescens%20NRRL%20B-23112" title=" serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112"> serratia marcescens NRRL B-23112</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-butanol" title=" t-butanol"> t-butanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioseparation" title=" bioseparation"> bioseparation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19531/application-of-three-phase-partitioning-tpp-for-the-purification-of-serratiopeptidase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Determination of Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Rates of Serratia marcescens and Providencia Spp. from Various Clinical Specimens by Using Both the Conventional and Automated (VITEK2) Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Ke%C5%9Fli">Recep Keşli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fah%20A%C5%9F%C4%B1k"> Gülşah Aşık</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cengiz%20Demir"> Cengiz Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onur%20T%C3%BCrky%C4%B1lmaz"> Onur Türkyılmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Serratia species are identified as aerobic, motile Gram negative rods. The species Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) causes both opportunistic and nosocomial infections. The genus Providencia is Gram-negative bacilli and includes urease-producing that is responsible for a wide range of human infections. Although most Providencia infections involve the urinary tract, they are also associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections, and bacteremia. The aim of this study was evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates of S. marcescens and Providencia spp. strains which had been isolated from various clinical materials obtained from different patients who belongs to intensive care units (ICU) and inpatient clinics. Methods: A total of 35 S. marcescens and Providencia spp. strains isolated from various clinical samples admitted to Medical Microbiology Laboratory, ANS Research and Practice Hospital, Afyon Kocatepe University between October 2013 and September 2015 were included in the study. Identification of the bacteria was determined by conventional methods and VITEK 2 system (bio-Merieux, Marcy l’etoile, France) was used additionally. Antibacterial resistance tests were performed by using Kirby Bauer disc (Oxoid, Hampshire, England) diffusion method following the recommendations of CLSI. Results: The distribution of clinical samples were as follows: upper and lower respiratory tract samples 26, 74.2 % wound specimen 6, 17.1 % blood cultures 3, 8.5%. Of the 35 S. marcescens and Providencia spp. strains; 28, 80% were isolated from clinical samples sent from ICU. The resistance rates of S. marcescens strains against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime and amikacin were found to be 8.5 %, 22.8 %, 11.4 %, 2.8 %, 17.1 %, 40 %, 28.5 % and 5.7 % respectively. Resistance rates of Providencia spp. strains against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime and amikacin were found to be 10.2 %, 33,3 %, 18.7 %, 8.7 %, 13.2 %, 38.6 %, 26.7%, and 11.8 % respectively. Conclusion: S. marcescens is usually resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, cephamycins, nitrofurantoin, and colistin. The most effective antibiotic on the total of S. marcescens strains was found to be gentamicin 2.8 %, of the totally tested strains the highest resistance rate found against to ceftazidime 40 %. The lowest and highest resistance rates were found against gentamiycin and ceftazidime with the rates of 8.7 % and 38.6 % for Providencia spp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serratia%20marcescens" title="Serratia marcescens">Serratia marcescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Providencia%20spp." title=" Providencia spp."> Providencia spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title=" antibiotic resistance"> antibiotic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20unit" title=" intensive care unit"> intensive care unit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49742/determination-of-identification-and-antibiotic-resistance-rates-of-serratia-marcescens-and-providencia-spp-from-various-clinical-specimens-by-using-both-the-conventional-and-automated-vitek2-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Utilizing the RhlR/RhlI Quorum Sensing System to Express the ß-Galactosidase Reporter Gene by Using the N-Butanoyl Homoserine Lactone and N-Hexanoyl Homoserine Lactone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngoc%20Tu%20Truong">Ngoc Tu Truong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuong%20T.%20Bui"> Nuong T. Bui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Rao"> Ben Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya%20L.%20Shen"> Ya L. Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quorum sensing is a phenomenon present in many gram-negative bacteria that allows bacterial communication and controlled expression of a large suite of genes through quorum sensing signals - N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). In order to investigate the ability of the rhlR/rhlI quorum sensing system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to express the ß-Galactosidase reporter gene, an engineered E. coli strain EpHL02, was genetically engineered. This engineered E. coli strain EpHL02 responded to the presence of the N-butanoyl homoserine lactone and N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone to express the ß-Galactosidase reporter gene at a concentration limit of 5x10⁻⁸ M. This was also found to be comparable to AHLs extraction from Serratia marcescens H31. Moreover, we examined this ability of this engineered E. coli strain for respond of AHLs from extractions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027. The results demonstrated that the rhlR/rhlI quorum sensing system can express the ß-Galactosidase reporter gene by using the N-butanoyl homoserine lactone, N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone and AHLs from extractions of Serratia marcescens H31 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027 in the engineered E. coli strain EpHL02. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-butanoyl%20homoserine%20lactone" title="N-butanoyl homoserine lactone">N-butanoyl homoserine lactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C4-HSL" title=" C4-HSL"> C4-HSL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-hexanoyl%20homoserine%20lactone" title=" N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone"> N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C6-HSL" title=" C6-HSL"> C6-HSL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa" title=" Pseudomonas aeruginosa"> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quorum%20sensing" title=" quorum sensing"> quorum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serratia%20marcescens" title=" Serratia marcescens"> Serratia marcescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9F-galactosidase%20reporter%20gene" title=" ß-galactosidase reporter gene"> ß-galactosidase reporter gene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90029/utilizing-the-rhlrrhli-quorum-sensing-system-to-express-the-ss-galactosidase-reporter-gene-by-using-the-n-butanoyl-homoserine-lactone-and-n-hexanoyl-homoserine-lactone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in Open and Surgical Wounds of Patients Attending Hospitals in Buea Municipality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Langdji">Bruno Langdji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wound infections often cause harmful and costly clinical complications to our health care systems. Infected wounds impose a significantly negative effect on patient care and recovery as infection hinders wound healing, resulting in increased patient morbidity and mortality. We screened 212 wound specimens from patients in some health institutions in Buea municipality and analyzed for common bacteria pathogens using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion assay. A total of 169 (79.9%) samples were infected. The frequencies of isolation from various sources were as follows; Burns 100%, Ulcers 86.7%, Postoperative wounds 79.3% and Open wounds 78.8%. Twelve bacteria species were identified: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hafnia alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Serratia rubideae Serratia sakazakii and Streptococcus sp. Results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed the most active drugs against these infectious agents to be ofloxacin (100%) and perfloxacin (100%), followed by ceftriaxone (94.2%) and gentamicin (92%). Isolate exhibited complete resistance to oxacillin (100%). Multi-drug resistance (resistance to five or more drugs) was exhibited by over 71.7% of isolates. Multi-drug resistance was commonly encountered in Staphylococcus aureus, with 31.5% of this organism being resistant to seven drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound" title="wound">wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug" title=" drug"> drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient" title=" patient"> patient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198258/prevalence-of-pathogenic-bacteria-in-open-and-surgical-wounds-of-patients-attending-hospitals-in-buea-municipality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Effects of Indole on Aerobic Biodegradation of Butanoic Acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20J.%20Njalam%E2%80%99mano">J. B. J. Njalam’mano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20N.%20Chirwa"> E. M. N. Chirwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In low resource settings in Africa and other developing regions, pit latrines remain the dominant basic minimum acceptable form of sanitation. However, unpleasant smells-malodours emitted from faecal sludge in the pit latrines, which elicit disgusting or repulsive response, are one of the factors that thwart people to use latrines and instead opt for open defecation as an alternative. This provides an important but often overlooked major impediment, dissuading people from adopting and using the pit latrines hence affecting successful, effective sanitation promotion. The malodours are primarily attributed to four odorants: butanoic acid (C₄H₈O₂), dimethyl trisulphide (C₂H₆S₃), indole (C₈H₇N) and para-cresol (C₇H₈O). Several pit latrine deodorisation methods such as addition of carbonous materials, use of ventilation systems and urine separation are available, and they continue to occupy their niche, but social, economic, environmental and technological shortfalls remain. Bioremediation has been gaining popularity because it is inexpensive, simple to operate and environmentally friendly. Recently, the biodegradation of butanoic acid as individual odorant has been studied. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no kinetic studies of the butanoic acid in the presence of other key odorous compounds. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of indole on the removal of butanoic acid under aerobic conditions using indigenous bacteria strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens isolated from faecal sludge as pure cultures as well as mixed cultures. In this purpose, butanoic acid removal was performed in a batch reactor containing the bacterial strains in mineral salt medium (MSM) amended with 3000 ppm of butanoic acid at the temperature of 30°C, under continuous stirring rate of 150 rpm and the concentration of indole was varied from 50-200 ppm. The initial pH of the solution was in the range of 6.0-7.2. Overall, there were significant differences in the bacterial growth rate and total butanoic acid removal dependent on the concentration of indole in the solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title="biodegradation">biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butanoic%20acid" title=" butanoic acid"> butanoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole" title=" indole"> indole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pit%20latrine" title=" pit latrine"> pit latrine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73333/effects-of-indole-on-aerobic-biodegradation-of-butanoic-acid-by-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-serratia-marcescens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Parental Diet Effects on Offspring Body Size and Pathogen Resistance in Bactrocera tryoni </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hue%20Dinh">Hue Dinh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binh%20Nguyen"> Binh Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20Mendez"> Vivian Mendez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillip%20W.%20Taylor"> Phillip W. Taylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fleur%20Ponton"> Fleur Ponton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Better understanding of how parental diet affects offspring traits is an important ecological and evolutionary question. In this study, we explored how maternal diet influences offspring physiology and resistance to infection using Bactrocera tryoni (Q-fly) as a system model. Female Q-flies were fed one of six single diets varying in their yeast-to-sugar ratio yielding six protein-to-carbohydrate ratios. As controls, we used females that were given a choice between yeast and sugar. Males were reared on a choice diet and allowed to mate with females 14 days post-emergence. Results showed that while maternal diet does not influence offspring developmental time, it has a strong effect on larval body weight. Mother fed either high-protein or high-sugar diet produced larger progeny. By challenging offspring with the bacterium Serratia marcescens, we found that female offspring from mothers fed high-sugar diet survived better the infection compared to those from mothers fed low-sugar diet. In contrast, male offspring produced by mother fed high-protein diet showed better resistance to the infection compared to those produced by mother fed low-protein diet. These results suggested sex-dependent transgenerational effects of maternal nutrition on offspring physiology and immunity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20infection" title="bacterial infection">bacterial infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20tryoni" title=" Bactrocera tryoni"> Bactrocera tryoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20diet" title=" maternal diet"> maternal diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring" title=" offspring"> offspring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serretia%20marcescens" title=" Serretia marcescens"> Serretia marcescens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90878/parental-diet-effects-on-offspring-body-size-and-pathogen-resistance-in-bactrocera-tryoni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Functional Switching of Serratia marcescens Transcriptional Regulator from Activator to Inhibitor of Quorum Sensing by Exogenous Addition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihiro%20Kato">Norihiro Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuriko%20Takayama"> Yuriko Takayama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some gram-negative bacteria enable the simultaneous activation of gene expression involved in N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) dependent cell-to-cell communication system. Such regulatory system for the bacterial group behavior is termed as quorum sensing (QS) because a diffusible AHL signal can accumulate around the cell during the increase of the cell density and trigger activation of the sequential QS process. By blocking the QS, the expression of diverse genes related to infection, antibiotic production, and biofilm formation is inhibited. Conditioning of QS by regulation of the DNA-receptor-AHL interaction is a potential target for enhancing host defenses against pathogenicity. We focused on engineered application of transcriptional regulator SpnR produced in opportunistic human pathogen Serratia marcescens. The SpnR can interact with AHL signals at an N-terminal domain and also with a promoter region of a QS target gene at a C-terminal domain. As the initial process of the QS activation, the SpnR forms a complex with the AHL to enhance the expression of pig cluster; the SpnR normally acts as an activator for the expression of the QS-dependent gene. In this research, we attempt to artificially control QS by changing the role of SpnR. The QS-dependent prodigiosin production is expected to inhibit by externally added SpnR in the culture broth of AS-1 strain because the AHL concentration was kept below the threshold by AHL-SpnR complex formation. Maltose-binding protein (MBP)-tagged SpnR (MBP-SpnR) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified using an affinity chromatography equipped with an amylose resin column. The specific interaction between AHL and MBP-SpnR was demonstrated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. AHL with amino end-group was coupled with COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayer prepared on a gold electrode of 27-MHz quartz crystal sensor using water-soluble carbodiimide. After the injection of MBP-SpnR into a cup-type sensor cell filled with the buffer solution, time course of resonant frequency change (ΔFs) was determined. A decrease of ΔFs clearly showed the uptake of MBP-SpnR onto the AHL-immobilized electrode. Furthermore, no binding affinity was observed after the heat-inactivation of MBP-SpnR at 80ºC. These results suggest that MBP-SpnR possesses a specific affinity for AHL. MBP-SpnR was added to the culture medium as an AHL trap to study inhibitory effects on intracellularly accumulated prodigiosin. With approximately 2 µM MBP-SpnR, the amount of prodigiosin induced was half that of the control without any additives. In conclusion, the function of SpnR could be switched by adding it to the cell culture. Exogenously added MBP-SpnR possesses high affinity for AHL derived from cells and acts as an inhibitor of AHL-mediated QS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracellular%20signaling" title="intracellular signaling">intracellular signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20biotechnology" title=" microbial biotechnology"> microbial biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quorum%20sensing" title=" quorum sensing"> quorum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptional%20regulator" title=" transcriptional regulator"> transcriptional regulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53939/functional-switching-of-serratia-marcescens-transcriptional-regulator-from-activator-to-inhibitor-of-quorum-sensing-by-exogenous-addition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Bioconversion of Antifungal Antibiotic Derived from Aspergillus Nidulans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitha%20Janakiraman">Savitha Janakiraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivakumar%20M.%20C"> Shivakumar M. C</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anidulafungin, an advanced class of antifungal agent used for the treatment of chronic fungal infections, is derived from Echinocandin B nucleus, an intermediate metabolite of Echinocandin B produced by Aspergillus nidulans. The enzyme acylase derived from the fermentation broth of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) plays a key role in the bioconversion of echinocandin B to echinocandin B nucleus. The membrane-bound nature of acylase and low levels of expression contributes to the rate-limiting process of enzymatic deacylation, hence low yields of ECB nucleus and anidulafungin. In the present study, this is addressed through novel genetic engineering approaches of overexpression and heterologous expression studies, immobilization of whole cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) and Co-cultivation studies. Overexpression of the acylase gene in Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) was done by increasing the gene copy number to increase the echinocandin B nucleus production. Echinocandin B acylase gene, under the control of a PermE* promoter, was cloned in pSET152 vector and introduced into Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL12052) by a ɸC31-directed site-specific recombination method. The resultant recombinant strain (C2-18) showed a 3-fold increase in acylase expression, which was confirmed by HPLC analysis. Pichia pastoris is one of the most effective and versatile host systems for the production of heterologous proteins. The ECB acylase gene was cloned into pPIC9K vector with AOX1 promoter and was transformed into Pichia pastoris (GS115). The acylase expression was confirmed by protein expression and bioconversion studies. The heterologous expression of acylase in Pichia pastoris, is a milestone in the development of antifungals. Actively growing cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) were immobilized and tested for bioconversion ability which showed >90% conversion in each cycle. The stability of immobilized cell beads retained the deacylation ability up to 60 days and reusability was confirmed up to 4 cycles. The significant findings from the study have revealed that immobilization of whole cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) could be an alternative option for bioconversion of echinocandin B to echinocandin B nucleus, which has not been reported to date. The concept of co-cultivation of Aspergillus nidulans and Actinoplanes utahensis strains for the production of the echinocandin B nucleus was also carried out in order to produce echinocandin B nucleus. The process completely reduced the ECB purification step and, therefore, could be recommended as an ingenious method to improve the yield of the ECB nucleus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acylase" title="acylase">acylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anidulafungin" title=" anidulafungin"> anidulafungin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungals" title=" antifungals"> antifungals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20nidulans" title=" Aspergillus nidulans"> Aspergillus nidulans</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154160/bioconversion-of-antifungal-antibiotic-derived-from-aspergillus-nidulans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> The Effect of Bacteria on Mercury's Biological Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Soltani">Nastaran Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals such as Mercury are toxic elements that enter the environment through different ways and endanger the environment, plants, animals, and humans’ health. Microbial activities reduce the amount of heavy metals. Therefore, an effective mechanism to eliminate heavy metals in the nature and factory slops, is using bacteria living in polluted areas. Karun River in Khuzestan Province in Iran has been always polluted by heavy metals as it is located among different industries in the region. This study was performed based on the data from sampling water and sediments of four stations across the river during the four seasons of a year. The isolation of resistant bacteria was performed through enrichment and direct cultivation in a solid medium containing mercury. Various bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia Marcescens, and E.coli were identified as mercury-resistant bacteria. The power of these bacteria to remove mercury varied from 28% to 86%, with strongest power belonging to Pseudomonas sp. isolated in spring making a good candidate to be used for mercury biological removal from factory slops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karun%20River" title=" Karun River"> Karun River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20removal" title=" biological removal"> biological removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury-resistant" title=" mercury-resistant"> mercury-resistant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46736/the-effect-of-bacteria-on-mercurys-biological-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Antibacterial Potential from the Crude Extracts of Hemolymph and Hepatopancreas of Portunus segnis and Grapsus albolineatus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Hajirasouli">Mona Hajirasouli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract: introduction: Antimicrobial compounds are important in the first line of the host defense system of many animal species. Material and methods: In the present study antibacterial activity of crude and proteins precipitate of hemolymph and crude hepatopancreas extracts from Portunus segnis and Grapsus albolineatus against a range of 6 different bacterial strains evaluated. Amoxicillin as a positive control were also used. Results: Maximum activity (15.9 mm) was recorded in male haemolymph of p.segnis against Entrobacter and minimum activity (7 mm) was recorded against Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sp. and Proteus mirabilis from different extracts of Grapsus albolineatus. Data were analyzed using independent-t in SPSS version 16, and results indicate that there were not any significant differences between hemolymph and hepatopancreas extracts of 2 species. Discussion: Antimicrobial activity has been reported earlier in the hemolymph of some brachyuran crabs such as: blue crab Callinectes sapidus, mud crab Scylla serrata, Ocypode macrocera and Carcinus maenas. This study shows that hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Portunus segnis and Grapsus albolineatus may potential antibiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brachyuran" title="brachyuran">brachyuran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portunus%20segnis" title=" Portunus segnis"> Portunus segnis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grapsus%20albolineatus" title=" Grapsus albolineatus"> Grapsus albolineatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemolymph" title=" hemolymph"> hemolymph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatopancreas" title=" hepatopancreas"> hepatopancreas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57855/antibacterial-potential-from-the-crude-extracts-of-hemolymph-and-hepatopancreas-of-portunus-segnis-and-grapsus-albolineatus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Production of Linamarase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogbonnaya%20Nwokoro">Ogbonnaya Nwokoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20O.%20Anya"> Florence O. Anya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nutritional factors relating to the production of linamarase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B–763 were investigated. The microorganism was cultivated in a medium containing 1% linamarin. Enzyme was produced using a variety of carbon substrates but the highest enzyme activity was detected in the presence of salicin (522 U/ml) after 48 h while the lowest yield was observed with CM cellulose (38 U/ml) after 72 h. Enzyme was not produced in the presence of cellobiose. Among a variety of nitrogen substrates tested, peptone supported maximum enzyme production (412 U/ml) after 48 h. Lowest enzyme production was observed with urea (40 U/ml). Organic nitrogen substrates generally supported higher enzyme productivity than inorganic nitrogen substrates. Enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Mn2+ (% relative activity = 216) while Hg2+ was inhibitory (% relative activity = 28). Locally-formulated media were comparable to MRS broth in supporting linamarase production by the bacterium. Higher enzyme activity was produced in media with surfactant than in media without surfactant. The enzyme may be useful in enhanced degradation of cassava cyanide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linamarase" title="linamarase">linamarase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20formulated%20media" title=" locally formulated media"> locally formulated media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20substrates" title=" carbon substrates"> carbon substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20substrates" title=" nitrogen substrates"> nitrogen substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ions" title=" metal ions "> metal ions </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14419/production-of-linamarase-from-lactobacillus-delbrueckii-nrrl-b-763" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Remediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soils by Indigenous Bacterial Isolates Using Cow Dung as a Bioenhancement Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Osazee">E. Osazee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20U.%20Bashir"> L. U. Bashir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted at the Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, to determine the effects of different weights of cow dung on indigenous bacterial isolates in remediation of crude oil contaminated soils. The soil (1kg) was contaminated with 20g of crude oil and this was treated with three (40g, 80g and 120g) weights of cow dung. The soils were amended after two weeks of crude oil contamination. Soil samples were collected from the plastic bags for microbiological analyses. The isolates were cultured to test their ability to grow on crude oil. The ability of the isolates to utilize the crude oil was determined using media dilution technique. Bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus lacterosporus, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus alvei were isolated. The variables measured were heterotrophic bacterial populations, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial populations and the percentage of crude oil degraded in the soils. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results obtained indicated that all the different weights of cow dung showed appreciable effect in crude oil decontamination. Based on the findings of the experiments, it could be deduced that 120g of cow dung promoted higher degradation of hydrocarbons. Thus, it should be recommended for remediation of crude oil contaminated soil in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title="crude oil">crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cow%20dung" title=" cow dung"> cow dung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendment" title=" amendment"> amendment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decontamination" title=" decontamination"> decontamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180383/remediation-of-crude-oil-contaminated-soils-by-indigenous-bacterial-isolates-using-cow-dung-as-a-bioenhancement-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Antimicrobial Activity of Fatty Acid Salts against Microbes for Food Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aya%20Tanaka">Aya Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariko%20Era"> Mariko Era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manami%20Masuda"> Manami Masuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yui%20Okuno"> Yui Okuno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takayoshi%20Kawahara"> Takayoshi Kawahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahide%20Kanyama"> Takahide Kanyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Morita"> Hiroshi Morita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives— Fungi and bacteria are present in a wide range of natural environments. They are breed in the foods such as vegetables and fruit, causing corruption and deterioration of these foods in some cases. Furthermore, some species of fungi and bacteria are known to cause food intoxication or allergic reactions in some individuals. To prevent fungal and bacterial contamination, various fungicides and bactericidal have been developed that inhibit fungal and bacterial growth. Fungicides and bactericides must show high antifungal and antibacterial activity, sustainable activity, and a high degree of safety. Therefore, we focused on the fatty acid salt which is the main component of soap. We focused on especially C10K and C12K. This study aimed to find the effectiveness of the fatty acid salt as antimicrobial agents for food safety. Materials and Methods— Cladosporium cladosporioides NBRC 30314, Penicillium pinophilum NBRC 6345, Aspergillus oryzae (Akita Konno store), Rhizopus oryzae NBRC 4716, Fusarium oxysporum NBRC 31631, Escherichia coli NBRC 3972, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 3335, Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 12732, Pseudomonas aenuginosa NBRC 13275 and Serratia marcescens NBRC 102204 were chosen as tested fungi and bacteria. Hartmannella vermiformis NBRC 50599 and Acanthamoeba castellanii NBRC 30010 were chosen as tested amoeba. Nine fatty acid salts including potassium caprate (C10K) and laurate (C12K) at 350 mM and pH 10.5 were used as antifungal activity. The spore suspension of each fungus (3.0×10⁴ spores/mL) or the bacterial suspension (3.0×10⁵ or 3.0×10⁶ or 3.0×10⁷ CFU/mL) was mixed with each of the fatty acid salts (final concentration of 175 mM). Samples were counted at 0, 10, 60, and 180 min by plating (100 µL) on potato dextrose agar or nutrient agar. Fungal and bacterial colonies were counted after incubation for 1 or 2 days at 30 °C. Results— C10K was antifungal activity of 4 log-unit incubated time for 10 min against fungi other than A. oryzae. C12K was antifungal activity of 4 log-unit incubated time for 10 min against fungi other than P. pinophilum and A. oryzae. C10K and C12K did not show high anti-yeast activity. C10K was antibacterial activity of 6 or 7 log-unit incubated time for 10 min against bacteria other than B. subtilis. C12K was antibacterial activity of 5 to 7 log-unit incubated time for 10 min against bacteria other than S. marcescens. C12K was anti-amoeba activity of 4 log-unit incubated time for 10 min against H. vermiformis. These results suggest C10K and C12K have potential in the field of food safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbes" title=" microbes"> microbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20salts" title=" fatty acid salts"> fatty acid salts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49376/antimicrobial-activity-of-fatty-acid-salts-against-microbes-for-food-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> The Social Ecology of Serratia entomophila: Pathogen of Costelytra giveni</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Watson">C. Watson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Glare"> T. Glare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O%27Callaghan"> M. O'Callaghan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hurst"> M. Hurst</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The endemic New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra giveni, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is an economically significant grassland pest in New Zealand. Due to their impacts on production within the agricultural sector, one of New Zealand's primary industries, several methods are being used to either control or prevent the establishment of new grass grub populations in the pasture. One such method involves the use of a biopesticide based on the bacterium Serratia entomophila. This species is one of the causative agents of amber disease, a chronic disease of the larvae which results in death via septicaemia after approximately 2 to 3 months. The ability of S. entomophila to cause amber disease is dependant upon the presence of the amber disease associated plasmid (pADAP), which encodes for the key virulence determinants required for the establishment and maintenance of the disease. Following the collapse of grass grub populations within the soil, resulting from either natural population build-up or application of the bacteria, non-pathogenic plasmid-free Serratia strains begin to predominate within the soil. Whilst the interactions between S. entomophila and grass grub larvae are well studied, less information is known on the interactions between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free strains, particularly the potential impact of these interactions upon the efficacy of an applied biopesticide. Using a range of constructed strains with antibiotic tags, in vitro (broth culture) and in vivo (soil and larvae) experiments were conducted using inoculants comprised of differing ratios of isogenic pathogenic and non-pathogenic Serratia strains, enabling the relative growth of pADAP+ and pADAP- strains under competition conditions to be assessed. In nutrient-rich, the non-pathogenic pADAP- strain outgrew the pathogenic pADAP+ strain by day 3 when inoculated in equal quantities, and by day 5 when applied as the minority inoculant, however, there was an overall gradual decline in the number of viable bacteria for both strains over a 7-day period. Similar results were obtained in additional experiments using the same strains and continuous broth cultures re-inoculated at 24-hour intervals, although in these cultures, the viable cell count did not diminish over the 7-day period. When the same ratios were assessed in soil microcosms with limited available nutrients, the strains remained relatively stable over a 2-month period. Additionally, in vivo grass grub co-infections assays using the same ratios of tagged Serratia strains revealed similar results to those observed in the soil, but there was also evidence of horizontal transfer of pADAP from the pathogenic to the non-pathogenic strain within the larval gut after a period of 4 days. Whilst the influence of competition is more apparent in broth cultures than within the soil or larvae, further testing is required to determine whether this competition between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Serratia strains has any influence on efficacy and disease progression, and how this may impact on the ability of S. entomophila to cause amber disease within grass grub larvae when applied as a biopesticide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogen" title=" entomopathogen"> entomopathogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20ecology" title=" microbial ecology"> microbial ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title=" New Zealand"> New Zealand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118563/the-social-ecology-of-serratia-entomophila-pathogen-of-costelytra-giveni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Antibacterial Activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Potential Multidrug - Resistant Pathogens Isolated from Rabbit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Checkfaith%20I.%20Aizebeoje">Checkfaith I. Aizebeoje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20O.%20Lawal"> Temitope O. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolanle%20A.%20Adeniyi"> Bolanle A. Adeniyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overuse and abuse of antibiotics in treating zoonotic infections in humans and opportunistic infections in rabbit has contributed to the increase in antimicrobial drug resistance, therefore, an alternative to antibiotics is needed in treating these infections. The study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from rabbit’s faeces against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens isolated from the same rabbit. Twelve faecal samples and twelve swabs from fur samples were randomly collected aseptically from apparently healthy rabbits from Ajibode, Ibadan and University of Ibadan research farm in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Lactic acid bacteria and multidrug-resistant pathogens were isolated using appropriate agar media and identified by partial sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria and LAB were determined by the agar diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the LAB against the test pathogens was determined using the agar overlay and agar diffusion methods. The pathogens Myroides gitamensis, Citrobacter rodentium, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Enterobacter oryzendophyticus and Serratia marcescens as well as twenty-eight (28) species of LAB belonging to Acetobacter and Lactobacillus genera were identified and characterized. Lactobacillus plantarum had the highest (60.71%) occurrence of the LAB. Viable cells and cell free supernatant (CFS) of isolated LAB inhibited the growth of the test organisms with the largest zone of inhibition (40 mm) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum against Citrobacter rodentium. This study showed that LAB from rabbit possess considerable antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria from the same environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activities" title="antibacterial activities">antibacterial activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-free%20supernatant" title=" cell-free supernatant"> cell-free supernatant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria%3B%20multidrug-resistant%20pathogens" title=" lactic acid bacteria; multidrug-resistant pathogens"> lactic acid bacteria; multidrug-resistant pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabbits%E2%80%99%20faeces" title=" rabbits’ faeces "> rabbits’ faeces </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129576/antibacterial-activities-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-on-potential-multidrug-resistant-pathogens-isolated-from-rabbit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Halotolerant Phosphates Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from Phosphate Solid Sludge and Their Efficiency in Potassium, Zinc Solubilization, and Promoting Wheat (Triticum Durum 'karim') Germination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Aliyat">F. Z. Aliyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Guilli"> M. El Guilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Nassiri"> L. Nassiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ibijbijen"> J. Ibijbijen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is becoming a crucial factor that can significantly impact all ecosystems. It has a negative impact on the environment in many parts of the planet. Agriculture is the main sector affected by climate change. Particularly, the salinity of agricultural soils is among the problems caused by climate change. The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as a biofertilizer requires previous research on their tolerance to abiotic stress, specifically saline stress tolerance, before the formation of biofertilizers. In this context, the main goal of this research was to assess the salinity tolerance of four strains: Serratia rubidaea strain JCM1240, Enterobacter bugandensis strain 247BMC, Pantoea agglomerans strain ATCC 27155, Pseudomonas brassicacearum subsp. Neoaurantiaca strain CIP109457, which was isolated from solid phosphate sludge. Additionally, their capacity to solubilize potassium and zinc, as well as their effect on Wheat (Triticum Durum 'Karim') germination. The four PSB strains were tested for their ability to solubilize phosphate in NBRIP medium with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the sole source of phosphorus under salt stress. Five concentrations of NaCl were used (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%). Their phosphate solubilizing activity was estimated by the vanadate-molybdate method. The potassium and zinc solubilization has been tested qualitatively and separately on solid media with mica and zinc oxide as the only sources of potassium and zinc, respectively. The result showed that the solubilization decreases with the increase in the concentration of NaCl; all the strains solubilize the TCP even with 5% NaCl, with a significant difference among the four strains. The Serratia rubidaea strain was the most tolerant strain. In addition, the four strains solubilize the potassium and the zinc. The Serratia rubidaea strain was the most efficient. Therefore, biofertilization with PSB salt-tolerant strains could be a climate-change-preparedness strategy for agriculture in salt soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioavailability%20of%20mineral%20nutrients" title="bioavailability of mineral nutrients">bioavailability of mineral nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20solid%20sludge%3B%20phosphate%20solubilization" title=" phosphate solid sludge; phosphate solubilization"> phosphate solid sludge; phosphate solubilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20solubilization" title=" potassium solubilization"> potassium solubilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20solubilization." title=" zinc solubilization."> zinc solubilization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156937/halotolerant-phosphates-solubilizing-bacteria-isolated-from-phosphate-solid-sludge-and-their-efficiency-in-potassium-zinc-solubilization-and-promoting-wheat-triticum-durum-karim-germination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Characterization of Biosurfactants Produced by Bacteria Degrading Gasoline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Kamal">Ikram Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Blaghen"> Mohamed Blaghen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biosurfactants are amphiphilic biological compounds consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains produced extracellularly or as part of the cell membrane by a variety of yeast, bacteria and filamentous fungi. Biosurfactant applications in the environmental industries are promising due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and effectiveness in enhancing biodegradation and solubilization of low solubility compounds. Currently, the main application is for enhancement of oil recovery and hydrocarbon bioremediation due to their biodegradability and low critical micelle concentration (CMC). The use of biosurfactants has also been proposed for various industrial applications, such as in food additives, cosmetics, detergent formulations and in combinations with enzymes for wastewater treatment. In this study, we have investigated the potential of bacterial strains: Mannheimia haemolytica, Burkholderia cepacia and Serratia ficaria were collected aseptically from the lagoon Marchika (water and soil) in Nador, Morocco; for the production of biosurfactants. This study also aimed to optimize the biosurfactant production process by changing the variables that influence the type and amount of biosurfactant produced by these microorganisms such as: carbon sources and also other physical and chemical parameters such as temperature and pH. Emulsification index, methylene blue test, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the ability of strains used in this study to produce compounds that could emulsify gasoline. In addition, a GC/MS was used to separate and identify different biosurfactants purified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactants" title="biosurfactants">biosurfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mannheimia%20haemolytica" title=" Mannheimia haemolytica"> Mannheimia haemolytica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradability" title=" biodegradability"> biodegradability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burkholderia%20cepacia" title=" Burkholderia cepacia"> Burkholderia cepacia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serratia%20ficaria" title=" Serratia ficaria"> Serratia ficaria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42419/characterization-of-biosurfactants-produced-by-bacteria-degrading-gasoline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Microbial Pathogens Associated with Banded Sugar Ants (Camponotus consobrinus) in Calabar, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ofonime%20Ogba">Ofonime Ogba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Akpan"> Augustine Akpan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives and Goals: The study was aimed at determining pathogenic microbial carriage on the external body parts of Camponotus consobrinus which is also known as the banded sugar ant because of its liking for sugar and sweet food. The level of pathogenic microbial carriage of Camponotus consobrinus in association to the environment in which they have been collected is not known. Methods: The ants were purposively collected from four locations including the kitchens, bedroom of various homes, food shops, and bakeries. The sample collection took place within the hours of 6:30 pm to 11:00 pm. The ants were trapped in transparent plastic containers of which sugar, pineapple peels, sugar cane and soft drinks were used as bait. The ants were removed with a sterile spatula and put in 10mls of peptone water in sterile universal bottles. The containers were vigorously shaken to wash the external surface of the ant. It was left overnight and transported to the Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital for analysis. The overnight peptone broths were inoculated on Chocolate agar, Blood agar, Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient agar (CLED) and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Incubation was done aerobically and in a carbon dioxide jar for 24 to 48 hours at 37°C. Isolates were identified based on colonial characteristics, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Results: Out of the 250 Camponotus consobrinus caught for the study, 90(36.0%) were caught in the kitchen, 75(30.0%) in the bedrooms 40(16.0%) in the bakery while 45(18.0%) were caught in the shops. A total of 82.0% prevalence of different microbial isolates was associated with the ants. The kitchen had the highest number of isolates 75(36.6%) followed by the bedroom 55(26.8%) while the bakery recorded the lowest number of isolates 35(17.1%). The profile of micro-organisms associated with Camponotus consobrinus was Escherichia coli 73(30.0%), Morganella morganii 45(18.0%), Candida species 25(10.0%), Serratia marcescens 10(4.0%) and Citrobacter freundii 10(4.0%). Conclusion: Most of the Camponotus consobrinus examined in the four locations harboured potential pathogens. The presence of ants in homes and shops can facilitate the propagation and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the development of basic preventive measures and the control of ants must be taken seriously. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camponotus%20consobrinus" title="Camponotus consobrinus">Camponotus consobrinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20pathogens" title=" potential pathogens"> potential pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20isolates" title=" microbial isolates"> microbial isolates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread" title=" spread"> spread</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75269/microbial-pathogens-associated-with-banded-sugar-ants-camponotus-consobrinus-in-calabar-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> In vitro Antioxidant, Anticancer Properties and Probiotic Characteristics of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Shehata">M. G. Shehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20El%20Sohaimy"> S. A. El Sohaimy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20M.%20Abu-Serie"> Marwa M. Abu-Serie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nourhan%20M.%20Abd%20El-Aziz"> Nourhan M. Abd El-Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Probiotic strains can potentially be used as bio-preservatives and functional food supplement. Eight lactic acid bacteria strains (LAB) Lactobacillus brevis NRRL B-4527; Streptococcus thermophilus BLM 58; Pediococcusacidilactici ATCC 8042; Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCUG 1452; Lactobacillus curvatus ATCC 51436; Lactococcuslactis sub sp. lactisDSM 20481; Lactobacillus plantarum DMSZ 20079 and Lactobacillus plantarumTF103 were selected to screen the antioxidant, anticancer potential and probiotic properties. LAB strains exhibited good probiotic, antioxidant properties and showed antagonistic activity against food-borne pathogenic (Bacillus subtilis DB 100 host; Candida albicans ATCCMYA-2876; Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3584; Escherichia coli BA 12296; Klebsiellapneumoniae ATCC12296; Salmonella senftenberg ATCC 8400 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788). Further, in vitro probiotic properties of eight strains displayed excellent acid tolerance, bile tolerance, simulated gastrointestinal juice tolerance, in vitro adhesion ability for HT-29 cell line. The antioxidant effect of intracellular and cell-free extract of lactic acid bacteria strains was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, namely, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and hydroxyl radical scavenging (HRS). The results showed that intracellular and cell-free supernatant of S. Thermophilus BLM 58, L. lactissubsp.lactis DSM 20481, P. acidilactici ATCC 8042, L. brevis NRRL B-4527 strains possess excellent antioxidant capacity. The intracellular of S. Thermophilus BLM 58 and P. acidilactici ATCC 8042 also showed excellent anticancer activity against Caco-2, MCF-7, HepG-2, and PC-3. Antioxidative property of selected lactic acid bacteria strains would be useful in the functional food manufacturing industry. They could beneficially affect the consumer by providing dietary source of antioxidants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticancer%20activity" title="anticancer activity">anticancer activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20food" title=" functional food"> functional food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" lactic acid bacteria"> lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78318/in-vitro-antioxidant-anticancer-properties-and-probiotic-characteristics-of-selected-lactic-acid-bacteria-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical and Microbial Properties of the Compost Leachate (CL) to Assess Its Role in the Bioremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omaima%20A.%20Sharaf">Omaima A. Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20A.%20Moussa"> Tarek A. Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20M.%20Badr%20El-Din"> Said M. Badr El-Din</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Moawad"> H. Moawad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose great environmental and human health concerns for their widespread occurrence, persistence, and carcinogenic properties. PAHs releases due to anthropogenic activities to the wider environment have led to higher concentrations of these contaminants than would be expected from natural processes alone. This may result in a wide range of environmental problems that can accumulate in agricultural ecosystems, which threatened to become a negative impact on sustainable agricultural development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical, and microbial properties of the compost leachate (CL) to assess its role as nutrient and microbial source (biostimulation/bioaugmentation) for developing a cost-effective bioremediation technology for PAHs contaminated sites. Material and Methods: PAHs-degrading bacteria were isolated from CL that was collected from a composting site located in central Scotland, UK. Isolation was carried out by enrichment using phenanthrene (PHR), pyrene (PYR) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The isolates were characterized using a variety of phenotypic and molecular properties. Six different isolates were identified based on the difference in morphological and biochemical tests. The efficiency of these isolates in PAHs utilization was assessed. Further analysis was performed to define taxonomical status and phylogenic relation between the most potent PAHs-utilizing bacterial strains and other standard strains, using molecular approach by partial 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Results indicated that the 16S rDNA sequence analysis confirmed the results of biochemical identification, as both of biochemical and molecular identification of the isolates assigned them to Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae and Providenicia which were identiﬁed as the prominent PAHs-utilizers isolated from CL. Conclusion: This study indicates that the CL samples contain a diverse population of PAHs-degrading bacteria and the use of CL may have a potential for bioremediation of PAHs contaminated sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons" title="polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemical%20analyses" title=" physico-chemical analyses"> physico-chemical analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost%20leachate" title=" compost leachate"> compost leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20and%20biochemical%20analyses" title=" microbial and biochemical analyses"> microbial and biochemical analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenic%20relations" title=" phylogenic relations"> phylogenic relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rDNA%20sequence%20analysis" title=" 16S rDNA sequence analysis"> 16S rDNA sequence analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7624/evaluation-of-the-physico-chemical-and-microbial-properties-of-the-compost-leachate-cl-to-assess-its-role-in-the-bioremediation-of-polyaromatic-hydrocarbons-pahs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Engineered Control of Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Signaling Using Cyclodextrin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuriko%20Takayama">Yuriko Takayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihiro%20Kato"> Norihiro Kato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system in bacteria to regulate expression of target genes. In gram-negative bacteria, activation on QS is controlled by a concentration increase of N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL), which can diffuse in and out of the cell. Effective control of QS is expected to avoid virulence factor production in infectious pathogens, biofilm formation, and antibiotic production because various cell functions in gram-negative bacteria are controlled by AHL-mediated QS. In this research, we applied cyclodextrins (CDs) as artificial hosts for the AHL signal to reduce the AHL concentration in the culture broth below its threshold for QS activation. The AHL-receptor complex induced under the high AHL concentration activates transcription of the QS-target gene. Accordingly, artificial reduction of the AHL concentration is one of the effective strategies to inhibit the QS. A hydrophobic cavity of the CD can interact with the acyl-chain of the AHL due to hydrophobic interaction in aqueous media. We studied N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone (C6HSL)-mediated QS in Serratia marcescens; accumulation of C6HSL is responsible for regulation of the expression of pig cluster. Inhibitory effects of added CDs on QS were demonstrated by determination of prodigiosin amount inside cells after reaching stationary phase, because production of prodigiosin depends on the C6HSL-mediated QS. By adding approximately 6 wt% hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD) in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium prior to inoculation of S. maecescens AS-1, the intracellularly accumulated prodigiosin was drastically reduced to 7-10%, which was determined after the extraction of prodigiosin in acidified ethanol. The AHL retention ability of HP-β-CD was also demonstrated by Chromobacterium violacuem CV026 bioassay. The CV026 strain is an AHL-synthase defective mutant that activates QS solely by adding AHLs from outside of cells. A purple pigment violacein is induced by activation of the AHL-mediated QS. We demonstrated that the violacein production was effectively suppressed when the C6HSL standard solution was spotted on a LB agar plate dispersing CV026 cells and HP-β-CD. Physico-chemical analysis was performed to study the affinity between the immobilized CD and added C6HSL using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. The COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayer was prepared on a gold electrode of 27-MHz AT-cut quartz crystal. Mono(6-deoxy-6-N, N-diethylamino)-β-CD was immobilized on the electrode using water-soluble carbodiimide. The C6HSL interaction with the β-CD cavity was studied by injecting the C6HSL solution to a cup-type sensor cell filled with buffer solution. A decrement of resonant frequency (ΔFs) clearly showed the effective C6HSL complexation with immobilized β-CD and its stability constant for MBP-SpnR-C6HSL complex was on the order of 102 M-1. The CD has high potential for engineered control of QS because it is safe for human use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acylhomoserine%20lactone" title="acylhomoserine lactone">acylhomoserine lactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclodextrin" title=" cyclodextrin"> cyclodextrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracellular%20signaling" title=" intracellular signaling"> intracellular signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quorum%20sensing" title=" quorum sensing"> quorum sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53941/engineered-control-of-bacterial-cell-to-cell-signaling-using-cyclodextrin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Assessment of Biofilm Production Capacity of Industrially Important Bacteria under Electroinductive Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omolola%20Ojetayo">Omolola Ojetayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Garuba"> Emmanuel Garuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obinna%20Ajunwa"> Obinna Ajunwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiodun%20A.%20Onilude"> Abiodun A. Onilude</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Biofilm is a functional community of microorganisms that are associated with a surface or an interface. These adherent cells become embedded within an extracellular matrix composed of polymeric substances, i.e., biofilms refer to biological deposits consisting of both microbes and their extracellular products on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Despite their detrimental effects in medicine, biofilms as natural cell immobilization have found several applications in biotechnology, such as in the treatment of wastewater, bioremediation and biodegradation, desulfurization of gas, and conversion of agro-derived materials into alcohols and organic acids. The means of enhancing immobilized cells have been chemical-inductive, and this affects the medium composition and final product. Physical factors including electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic flux have shown potential for enhancing biofilms depending on the bacterial species, nature, and intensity of emitted signals, the duration of exposure, and substratum used. However, the concept of cell immobilisation by electrical and magnetic induction is still underexplored. Methods: To assess the effects of physical factors on biofilm formation, six American typed culture collection (Acetobacter aceti ATCC15973, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027, Serratia marcescens ATCC14756, Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC19357, Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC17023, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633) were used. Standard culture techniques for bacterial cells were adopted. Natural autoimmobilisation potentials of test bacteria were carried out by simple biofilms ring formation on tubes, while crystal violet binding assay techniques were adopted in the characterisation of biofilm quantity. Electroinduction of bacterial cells by direct current (DC) application in cell broth, static magnetic field exposure, and electromagnetic flux were carried out, and autoimmobilisation of cells in a biofilm pattern was determined on various substrata tested, including wood, glass, steel, polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate. Biot Savart law was used in quantifying magnetic field intensity, and statistical analyses of data obtained were carried out using the analyses of variance (ANOVA) as well as other statistical tools. Results: Biofilm formation by the selected test bacteria was enhanced by the physical factors applied. Electromagnetic induction had the greatest effect on biofilm formation, with magnetic induction producing the least effect across all substrata used. Microbial cell-cell communication could be a possible means via which physical signals affected the cells in a polarisable manner. Conclusion: The enhancement of biofilm formation by bacteria using physical factors has shown that their inherent capability as a cell immobilization method can be further optimised for industrial applications. A possible relationship between the presence of voltage-dependent channels, mechanosensitive channels, and bacterial biofilms could shed more light on this phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title=" biofilm"> biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20immobilization" title=" cell immobilization"> cell immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20induction" title=" electromagnetic induction"> electromagnetic induction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrata" title=" substrata"> substrata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139503/assessment-of-biofilm-production-capacity-of-industrially-important-bacteria-under-electroinductive-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Molecular Characterization of Bacteria Isolates Associated with Mosquito Infested Dump Sites at Communities in Anambra State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Asikiya%20Afunwa">Ruth Asikiya Afunwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20Chilua%20Obiora"> Martins Chilua Obiora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremiah%20Chukwuagoziem%20Felix-%20Ngige"> Jeremiah Chukwuagoziem Felix- Ngige</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Chukwunonso%20Nwofia"> Martin Chukwunonso Nwofia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Ayodele%20Gbadamosi"> Francis Ayodele Gbadamosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20Chioma%20Mgbodile"> Florence Chioma Mgbodile</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microorganisms have long been known to support immunity, food webs, nutrient cycling, and the health of mosquito biological niches. The aim of this study is to identify bacteria associated with mosquito-infested dump sites. The mosquitoes associated with the study sites are the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Six samples from two different mosquito-infested dump sites at Otoko and Umudioka in Awkuzu, Anambra East L.G.A of Anambra state in Southeastern Nigeria were cultured in MacConkey, cetrimide and mannitol salt agars and subsequently identified using their morphological features, biochemical tests (catalase test, Kovacs citrate test, indole test and oxidase test) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was done on Mueller-Hinton agar after standardizing to 0.5 McFarland turbidity. The diameter of the zones of inhibition was measured in mm and interpreted using the EUCAST breakpoint guidelines. Biofilm formation was determined in twenty (20) isolates and the biofilm scoring was assigned as weak/minute, moderate and strong/high. A total of forty five (45) isolates, namely: Vagococcus fluvialis (18)(40%), Serratia fonticola (12)(26.7%), E. coli (4)(8.90%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11)(24.4%) were isolated and identified. The results of the Antibiotic susceptibility test showed 95-100% resistance to imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, cefixime, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone. The isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin. Biofilm evaluation showed 3.45% moderate and 46.6% strong biofilms from Vagococcus fluvialis, 3.45% moderate and 15.5% strong biofilms from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and both 10.3% and 20.7% strong biofilms from E. coli and Serratia fonticola respectively. The study identified bacteria associated with mosquito-infested dump sites and highlighted the importance of considering the environmental microbiome when studying mosquito biology and developing control strategies for these pests in relation to human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dumpsite" title=" dumpsite"> dumpsite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosquitoes" title=" mosquitoes"> mosquitoes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular" title=" molecular"> molecular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/197282/molecular-characterization-of-bacteria-isolates-associated-with-mosquito-infested-dump-sites-at-communities-in-anambra-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/197282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> A Comparison of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Diabetic versus Non-Diabetic Infections </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Dashti">Zainab Dashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Vali"> Leila Vali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The Middle East, in particular Kuwait, contains one of the highest rates of patients with Diabetes in the world. Generally, infections resistant to antibiotics among the diabetic population has been shown to be on the rise. This is the first study in Kuwait to compare the antibiotic resistance profiles and genotypic differences between the resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae obtained from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Material/Methods: In total, 65 isolates were collected from diabetic patients consisting of 34 E. coli, 15 K. pneumoniae and 16 other Enterobacteriaceae species (including Salmonella spp. Serratia spp and Proteus spp.). In our control group, a total of 49 isolates consisting of 37 E. coli, 7 K. pneumoniae and 5 other species (including Salmonella spp. Serratia spp and Proteus spp.) were included. Isolates were identified at the species level and antibiotic resistance profiles, including Colistin, were determined using initially the Vitek system followed by double dilution MIC and E-test assays. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was defined as isolates resistant to a minimum of three antibiotics from three different classes. PCR was performed to detect ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM & blaSHV), flouroquinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS & aac(6’)-lb-cr) and carbapenem resistance genes (blaOXA, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaKPC, blaIMP, & blaNDM) in both groups. Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to compare clonal relatedness of both E. coli and K.pneumonaie isolates. Results: Colistin resistance was determined in three isolates with MICs of 32-128 mg/L. A significant difference in resistance to ampicillin (Diabetes 93.8% vs control 72.5%, P value <0.002), augmentin (80% vs 52.5%, p value < 0.003), cefuroxime (69.2% vs 45%, p value < 0.0014), ceftazadime (73.8% vs 42.5%, p value <0.001) and ciprofloxacin (67.6% vs 40%, p value < 0.005) were determined. Also, a significant difference in MDR rates between the two groups (Diabetes 76.9%, control 57.5%, p value <0.036 were found. All antibiotic resistance genes showed a higher prevalence among the diabetic group, except for blaCTX-M, which was higher among the control group. PFGE showed a high rate of diversity between each group of isolates. Conclusions: Our results suggested an alarming rate of antibiotic resistance, in particular Colistin resistance (1.8%) among K. pneumoniea isolated from diabetic patients in Kuwait. MDR among Enterobacteriaceae infections also seems to be a worrying issue among the diabetics of Kuwait. More efforts are required to limit the issue of antibiotic resistance in Kuwait, especially among patients with diabetes mellitus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title="antibiotic resistance">antibiotic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterobacreriacae" title=" enterobacreriacae"> enterobacreriacae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20antibiotic%20resistance" title=" multi antibiotic resistance "> multi antibiotic resistance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56509/a-comparison-of-antibiotic-resistant-enterobacteriaceae-diabetic-versus-non-diabetic-infections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Optimization of Media for Enhanced Fermentative Production of Mycophenolic Acid by Penicillium brevicompactum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shraddha%20Digole">Shraddha Digole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swarali%20Hingse"> Swarali Hingse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uday%20Annapure"> Uday Annapure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant; produced by Penicillium Sp. Box-Behnken statistical experimental design was employed to optimize the condition of Penicillium brevicompactum NRRL 2011 for mycophenolic acid (MPA) production. Initially optimization of various physicochemical parameters and media components was carried out using one factor at a time approach and significant factors were screened by Taguchi L-16 orthogonal array design. Taguchi design indicated that glucose, KH2PO4 and MgSO4 had significant effect on MPA production. These variables were selected for further optimization studies using Box-Behnken design. Optimised fermentation condition, glucose (60 g/L), glycine (28 g/L), L-leucine (1.5g/L), KH2PO4 (3g/L), MgSO4.7H2O (1.5g/L), increased the production of MPA from 170 mg/L to 1032.54 mg/L. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high value of coefficient of determination R2 (0.9965), indicating a good agreement between experimental and predicted values and proves validity of the statistical model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box-Behnken%20design" title="Box-Behnken design">Box-Behnken design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycophenolic%20acid" title=" mycophenolic acid"> mycophenolic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penicillium%20brevicompactum" title=" Penicillium brevicompactum"> Penicillium brevicompactum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20009/optimization-of-media-for-enhanced-fermentative-production-of-mycophenolic-acid-by-penicillium-brevicompactum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Parallel among Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients: A Case Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Khleifat">Khaled Khleifat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study detects the bacterial species that responsible for UTI in both diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients, Jordan. 116 urine samples were investigated in order to determine UTI-causing bacteria. These samples distributed unequally between diabetic male (12) and diabetic female (25) and also non-diabetic male (13) and non-diabetic female (66). The results represent that E.coli is responsible for UTI in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients (15.5% and 29.3% respectively) with large proportion (44.8%). This study showed that not all bacterial species that isolated from the non-diabetic sample could be isolated from diabetic samples. E. coli (15.5%), P. aeruginosa (4.3%), K. pneumonia (1.7%), P. mirabilis (2.6%), S. marcescens (0.9%), S. aureus (1.7%), S. pyogenes (1.7%), E. faecalis (0.9%), S. epidermidis (1.7%) and S. saprophyticus (0.9%). But E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, C. freundii, A. baumannii and B. subtilis are five bacterial species that can’t isolate from all diabetic samples. This study shows that for the treatment of UTI in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, Chloramphenicol (30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg) and Vancomycin (30 μg) are more favorable than other antibiotics. In the same time, Cephalothin (30μg) is not recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20tract%20infections" title="urinary tract infections">urinary tract infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20species" title=" bacterial species"> bacterial species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infections" title=" infections"> infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66558/parallel-among-urinary-tract-infection-in-diabetic-and-non-diabetic-patients-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Activity of Malate Dehydrogenase in Cell Free Extracts from S. proteamaculans, A. hydrophila, and K. pneumoniae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Bumadian">Mohamed M. Bumadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20James%20Gilmour"> D. James Gilmour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three bacterial species were isolated from the River Wye (Derbyshire, England) and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Serratia proteamaculans, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Respiration rates of the strains were measured in order to determine the metabolic activity under salt stress. The highest respiration rates of all three strains were found at 0.17 M and 0.5 M NaCl and then the respiration rate decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl. In addition, the effect of increasing concentrations of NaCl on malate dehydrogenase activity was determined using cell-free extracts of the three strains. Malate dehydrogenase activity was stimulated at NaCl concentrations up to 0.5 M, and a small level of activity remained even at 3.5 M NaCl. The pH optimum of the malate dehydrogenase in cell-free extracts of all strains was higher than pH 7.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20water" title="fresh water">fresh water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halotolerant%20pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" halotolerant pathogenic bacteria"> halotolerant pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene" title=" 16S rRNA gene"> 16S rRNA gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-free%20extracts" title=" cell-free extracts"> cell-free extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiration%20rates" title=" respiration rates"> respiration rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malate%20dehydrogenase" title=" malate dehydrogenase"> malate dehydrogenase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16244/activity-of-malate-dehydrogenase-in-cell-free-extracts-from-s-proteamaculans-a-hydrophila-and-k-pneumoniae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Retrospective Study of Bronchial Secretions Cultures Carried out in the Microbiology Department of General Hospital of Ioannina in 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mantzoukis">S. Mantzoukis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gerasimou"> M. Gerasimou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Christodoulou"> P. Christodoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Varsamis"> N. Varsamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kolliopoulou"> G. Kolliopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zotos"> N. Zotos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are exposed to a different spectrum of microorganisms relative to the hospital. Due to the fact that the majority of these patients are intubated, bronchial secretions should be examined. Material and Method: Bronchial secretions should be taken with care so as not to be mixed with sputum or saliva. The bronchial secretions are placed in a sterile container and then inoculated into blood, Mac Conkey No2, Chocolate, Mueller Hinton, Chapman and Saboureaud agar. After this period, if any number of microbial colonies are detected, gram staining is performed and then the isolated organisms are identified by biochemical techniques in the automated Microscan system (Siemens) followed by a sensitivity test in the same system using the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC technique. The sensitivity test is verified by a Kirby Bauer test. Results: In 2017 the Laboratory of Microbiology received 365 samples of bronchial secretions from the Intensive Care Unit. 237 were found positive. S. epidermidis was identified in 1 specimen, A. baumannii in 60, K. pneumoniae in 42, P. aeruginosa in 50, C. albicans in 40, P. mirabilis in 4, E. coli in 4, S. maltophilia in 6, S. marcescens in 6, S. aureus in 12, S. pneumoniae in 1, S. haemolyticus in 4, P. fluorescens in 1, E. aerogenes in 1, E. cloacae in 5. Conclusions: The majority of ICU patients appear to be a fertile ground for the development of infections. The nature of the findings suggests that a significant part of the bacteria found comes from the unit (nosocomial infection). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchial%20secretions" title="bronchial secretions">bronchial secretions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultures" title=" cultures"> cultures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infections" title=" infections"> infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20units" title=" intensive care units"> intensive care units</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103223/retrospective-study-of-bronchial-secretions-cultures-carried-out-in-the-microbiology-department-of-general-hospital-of-ioannina-in-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Bacterial Flora of the Anopheles Fluviatilis S. L. in an Endemic Malaria Area in Southeastern Iran for Candidate Paraterasgenesis Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hassan%20Moosa-kazemi">Seyed Hassan Moosa-kazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Mohammadi%20Soleimani"> Jalal Mohammadi Soleimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Vatandoost"> Hassan Vatandoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Shirazi"> Mohammad Hassan Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Hajikhani"> Sara Hajikhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roonak%20Bakhtiari"> Roonak Bakhtiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Akbari"> Morteza Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Hydarzadeh"> Siamak Hydarzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaria is an infectious disease and considered most important health problems in the southeast of Iran. Iran is elimination malaria phase and new tool need to vector control. Paraterasgenesis is a new way to cut of life cycle of the malaria parasite. In this study, the microflora of the surface and gut of various stages of Anopheles fluviatilis James as one of the important malaria vector was studied using biochemical and molecular techniques during 2013-2014. Twelve bacteria species were found including; Providencia rettgeri, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Citrobacter braakii، Citrobacter freundii، Aeromonas hydrophila، Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter koseri, Serratia fonticola، Enterobacter sakazakii and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The species of Alcaligenes faecalis, Providencia vermicola and Enterobacter hormaechei were identified in various stages of the vector and confirmed by biochemical and molecular techniques. We found Providencia rettgeri proper candidate for paratransgenesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anopheles%20fluviatilis" title="Anopheles fluviatilis">Anopheles fluviatilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paraterasgenesis" title=" Paraterasgenesis"> Paraterasgenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20Iran" title=" Southern Iran"> Southern Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38738/bacterial-flora-of-the-anopheles-fluviatilis-s-l-in-an-endemic-malaria-area-in-southeastern-iran-for-candidate-paraterasgenesis-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Excavation of Phylogenetically Diverse Bioactive Actinobacteria from Unexplored Regions of Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem for Mining of Economically Important Antimicrobial Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohan%20Sengupta">Sohan Sengupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Pramanik"> Arnab Pramanik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhrajyoti%20Ghosh"> Abhrajyoti Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maitree%20Bhattacharyya"> Maitree Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Newly emerged phyto-pathogens and multi drug resistance have been threating the world for last few decades. Actinomycetes, the most endowed group of microorganisms isolated from unexplored regions of the world may be the ultimate solution to these problems. Thus the aim of this study was to isolate several bioactive actinomycetes strains capable of producing antimicrobial secondary metabolite from Sundarbans, the only mangrove tiger land of the world. Fifty four actinomycetes were isolated and analyzed for antimicrobial activity against fifteen test organisms including three phytopathogens. Nine morphologically distinct and biologically active isolates were subjected to polyphasic identification study. 16s rDNA sequencing indicated eight isolates to reveal maximum similarity to the genus streptomyces, whereas one isolate presented only 93.57% similarity with Streptomyces albogriseolus NRRL B-1305T. Seventy-one carbon sources and twenty-three chemical sources utilization assay revealed their metabolic relatedness. Among these nine isolates three specific strains were found to have notably higher degree of antimicrobial potential effective in a broader range including phyto-pathogenic fungus. PCR base whole genome screen for PKS and NRPS genes, confirmed the occurrence of bio-synthetic gene cluster in some of the isolates for novel antibiotic production. Finally the strain SMS_SU21, which showed antimicrobial activity with MIC value of 0.05 mg ml-1and antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.242±0.33 mg ml-1 was detected to be the most potential one. True prospective of this strain was evaluated utilizing GC-MS and the bioactive compound responsible for antimicrobial activity was purified and characterized. Rare bioactive actinomycetes were isolated from unexplored heritage site. Diversity of the biosynthetic gene cluster for antimicrobial compound production has also been evaluated. Antimicrobial compound SU21-C has been identified and purified which is active against a broad range of pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actinomycetes" title="actinomycetes">actinomycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sundarbans" title=" sundarbans"> sundarbans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pks%20nrps" title=" pks nrps"> pks nrps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phyto-pathogens" title=" phyto-pathogens"> phyto-pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39258/excavation-of-phylogenetically-diverse-bioactive-actinobacteria-from-unexplored-regions-of-sundarbans-mangrove-ecosystem-for-mining-of-economically-important-antimicrobial-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serratia%20marcescens%20NRRL%20B-23112&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serratia%20marcescens%20NRRL%20B-23112&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>