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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strawberries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Strawberries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strawberries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cashew_apple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cashew_apple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cashew apple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cashew_apple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pineapple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pineapple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pineapple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pineapple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Accessory fruit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruito_composau" title="Fruito composau – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fruito composau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infructesc%C3%A8ncia" title="Infructescència – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Infructescència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsk_frugt" title="Falsk frugt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Falsk frugt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheinfrucht" title="Scheinfrucht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheinfrucht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3zdatny_p%C5%82od" title="Pózdatny płod – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pózdatny płod" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BC%C3%BCsvili" title="Rüüsvili – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rüüsvili" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ψευδοκάρπιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψευδοκάρπιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudofruto" title="Pseudofruto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pseudofruto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cajnfrukto" title="Ŝajnfrukto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝajnfrukto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasifruitu" title="Sasifruitu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sasifruitu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A8" title="میوه کاذب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میوه کاذب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux-fruit" title="Faux-fruit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Faux-fruit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2" title="कूट फल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कूट फल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C5%82%C3%B3d" title="Papłód – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Papłód" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah_aksesori" title="Buah aksesori – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buah aksesori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinaldin" title="Skinaldin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skinaldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falso_frutto" title="Falso frutto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falso frutto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netikrasis_vaisius" title="Netikrasis vaisius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Netikrasis vaisius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schijnvrucht" title="Schijnvrucht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schijnvrucht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E6%9E%9C" title="偽果 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="偽果" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1v%C3%ABs%C3%AB_frutt" title="Fávësë frutt – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Fávësë frutt" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelpefrukt" title="Hjelpefrukt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelpefrukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelpefrukt" title="Hjelpefrukt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hjelpefrukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owoc_pozorny" title="Owoc pozorny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Owoc pozorny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudofruto" title="Pseudofruto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pseudofruto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF" title="Псеудокарп – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Псеудокарп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%A4hedelm%C3%A4" title="Epähedelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epähedelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skenfrukt" title="Skenfrukt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skenfrukt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalanc%C4%B1_meyve" title="Yalancı meyve – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yalancı meyve" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Плід несправжній – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плід несправжній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"False fruit" redirects here. For artificial fruit, see <a href="/wiki/Food_model" title="Food model">Food model</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudocarps_(2943643065).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pseudocarps_%282943643065%29.jpg/250px-Pseudocarps_%282943643065%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pseudocarps_%282943643065%29.jpg/330px-Pseudocarps_%282943643065%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pseudocarps_%282943643065%29.jpg/500px-Pseudocarps_%282943643065%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A selection of accessory fruits (from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">fig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>accessory fruit</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> that contains tissue derived from plant parts other than the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a>. In other words, the flesh of the fruit develops not from the floral ovary, but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">carpel</a> (for example, from <a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">receptacles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepal</a>). As a general rule, the accessory fruit is a combination of several floral organs, including the ovary. In contrast, true fruit forms exclusively from the ovary of the flower.<sup id="cite_ref-Esau_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esau-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accessory fruits are usually <a href="/wiki/Indehiscent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indehiscent">indehiscent</a>, meaning that they do not split open to release seeds when they have reached maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incorporated_organs">Incorporated organs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Incorporated organs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" title="Glossary of botanical terms">Glossary of botanical terms</a></div> <p>The following are examples of accessory fruits listed by the plant organ from which the accessory tissue is derived:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Accessory Fruit Organs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Organ</th> <th>Fruit </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">Hypanthium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_hip" title="Rose hip">rose hip</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Involucre" class="mw-redirect" title="Involucre">Involucre</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peduncle_(botany)" title="Peduncle (botany)">Peduncle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cashew_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew apple">cashew apple</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">Perianth</a></td> <td><i>anthocarps</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">Receptacle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">fig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">mulberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">Calyx</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaultheria_procumbens" title="Gaultheria procumbens">eastern teaberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syzygium_jambos" title="Syzygium jambos">rose apple</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fruit with fleshy seeds, such as <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Melicoccus_bijugatus" title="Melicoccus bijugatus">mamoncillo</a>, are not considered to be accessory fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apples_and_pears">Apples and pears</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Apples and pears"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg/220px-Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg/330px-Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg/440px-Apple_red_delicius_cross-cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>Apple section, showing seeds plus papery expression of the ovary, surrounded by tissue formed from ripening of the hypanthium.</figcaption></figure> <p>The part of apples and pears that is consumed is, in fact, the <a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">hypanthium</a>. The ovary is the papery core that surrounds the apple seeds. As the hypanthium ripens it forms the edible tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roses">Roses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For roses, the hypanthium is the tissue that composes the edible part of <a href="/wiki/Rose_hip" title="Rose hip">rosehips</a>. Roses and apples are both members of the Rosaceae family; the fact that they have similar fruit morphology is a major consideration in placing them in the same taxonomic family.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strawberries">Strawberries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Strawberries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg/220px-Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg/330px-Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg/440px-Nombreux_ak%C3%A8nes_de_fraise_situ%C3%A9s_en_surface_ayant_germ%C3%A9_sur_la_fraise_elle_m%C3%AAme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>On this strawberry, the many pips located on the surface have germinated in a phenomenon known as <a href="/wiki/Vivipary" title="Vivipary">vivipary</a>. The pips of the strawberry are its true fruit.</figcaption></figure> <p>The edible part of the <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a> is formed, as part of the ripening process, from the receptacle of the strawberry flower. The true fruits (hence, containing the seeds) are the roughly 200 pips (which are, technically, <a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">achenes</a>, a true fruit that contains a single seed from a single ovary). These pips dot the exterior of the strawberry.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cashew_apple">Cashew apple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cashew apple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cashew_apples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cashew_apples.jpg/220px-Cashew_apples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cashew_apples.jpg/330px-Cashew_apples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cashew_apples.jpg/440px-Cashew_apples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>The cashew 'apple' and its attached <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a>, which contains the edible seed.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cashew_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew apple">cashew apple</a> is an oval- or pear-shaped structure that develops from the <a href="/wiki/Pedicel_(botany)" title="Pedicel (botany)">pedicel</a> and the receptacle of the cashew flower and is technically called a <a href="/wiki/Hypocarpium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocarpium">hypocarpium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-duke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eb_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ripens into a yellow or red structure about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>5–11 cm (2–<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-duke_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney–shaped <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a> that grows at the end of the cashew apple; the seed inside this drupe is the cashew nut of commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pineapple">Pineapple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pineapple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg/250px-Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg/330px-Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg/500px-Ananas_comosus-pineapple_flowers_-_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Pineapple in flower</figcaption></figure> <p>The pineapple is formed when 50 to 200 unpollinated flowers coalesce in a spiral arrangement— the flowers form individually and then fuse as a single '<a href="/wiki/Multiple_fruit" title="Multiple fruit">multiple fruit</a>'. The ovaries develop into berries and the fruit forms around an intercalary spike. The intercalary <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> (cluster of flowers) results when the terminal cluster of flowers are left behind by the growth of the main axis of the plant. Each polygonal area on the pineapple's surface is an individual flower.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current research has proposed that a single class of <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> may be responsible for regulating accessory fruit formation and ripening.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study using strawberries concluded that hormone signaling pathways involving <a href="/wiki/Gibberellic_acid" title="Gibberellic acid">gibberellic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auxin" title="Auxin">auxin</a> affect gene expression, and contribute to the initiation of accessory fruit development.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metabolic modifications in different developing accessory fruit tissues are due to the varied distributions of compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Triterpenoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Triterpenoids">triterpenoids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">Aggregate fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_fruit" title="Compound fruit">Compound fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_fruit" title="Multiple fruit">Multiple fruit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_fruit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Esau-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Esau_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esau, K. 1977. <i>Anatomy of seed plants</i>. John Wiley and Sons, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/glossary/glossary-details/?irn=1134">"Glossary Details – The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium"</a>. <i>sweetgum.nybg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Apple SEPALLATA1/2-like genes control fruit flesh development and ripening". <i>The Plant Journal</i>. <b>73</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1004–</span>1056. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Ftpj.12094">10.1111/tpj.12094</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23236986">23236986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=Apple+SEPALLATA1%2F2-like+genes+control+fruit+flesh+development+and+ripening&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1004-%3C%2Fspan%3E1056&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Ftpj.12094&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23236986&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.au=Yao%2C+Jia-Long&rft.au=Tomes%2C+Sumathi&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+Paul&rft.au=Nieuwenhuizen%2C+Niels&rft.au=Gunaseelan%2C+Kularajathevan&rft.au=Winz%2C+Robert&rft.au=David%2C+Karine&rft.au=Schaffer%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccessory+fruit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDashbaldanRogowskaPączkowskiSzakiel2021" class="citation journal cs1">Dashbaldan, Soyol; Rogowska, Agata; Pączkowski, Cezary; Szakiel, Anna (25 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8433923">"Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose (Rosarugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit"</a>. <i>Molecules</i>. <b>26</b> (17): 5158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules26175158">10.3390/molecules26175158</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8433923">8433923</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34500591">34500591</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)#Modified_berries" title="Berry (botany)">Pepo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryopsis" title="Caryopsis">Caryopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">Follicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">Legume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loment" title="Loment">Loment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Pome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_(fruit)" title="Samara (fruit)">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizocarp" title="Schizocarp">Schizocarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silique" title="Silique">Silique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syconium" title="Syconium">Syconium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories of fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Accessory fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit#Simple_fruit" title="Fruit">Simple fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_fruit" title="Compound fruit">Compound fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">Aggregate fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_fruit" title="Multiple fruit">Multiple fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">Dehiscent fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaspore_(botany)" title="Diaspore (botany)">Diaspore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_seed" title="Drift seed">Drift fruit</a></li></ul> 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