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href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demolition_and_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demolition_and_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Demolition and reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demolition_and_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberty_Bell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberty_Bell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Liberty Bell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberty_Bell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declaration_of_Independence_and_Second_Continental_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declaration_of_Independence_and_Second_Continental_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Declaration of Independence and Second Continental Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declaration_of_Independence_and_Second_Continental_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Constitutional_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Constitutional_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>U.S. Constitutional Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Constitutional_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funerary_procession_of_Abraham_Lincoln" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funerary_procession_of_Abraham_Lincoln"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Funerary procession of Abraham Lincoln</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funerary_procession_of_Abraham_Lincoln-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-League_to_Enforce_Peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#League_to_Enforce_Peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>League to Enforce Peace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-League_to_Enforce_Peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Replicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Replicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Independence Hall</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="قاعة الاستقلال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاعة الاستقلال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stiqlaliyy%D3%99t_salonu" title="İstiqlaliyyәt salonu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstiqlaliyyәt salonu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2" title="ইন্ডিপেন্ডেন্স হল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্ডিপেন্ডেন্স হল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Індэпендэнс-хол – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індэпендэнс-хол" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuadd_Annibyniaeth_Philadelphia" title="Neuadd Annibyniaeth Philadelphia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Neuadd Annibyniaeth Philadelphia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تالار استقلال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تالار استقلال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%EA%B4%80_(%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD)" title="독립기념관 (미국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독립기념관 (미국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedung_Kemerdekaan_Amerika" title="Gedung Kemerdekaan Amerika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gedung Kemerdekaan Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="היכל העצמאות (ארצות הברית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היכל העצמאות (ארצות הברית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="დამოუკიდებლობის დარბაზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დამოუკიდებლობის დარბაზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumba_la_Uhuru" title="Jumba la Uhuru – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jumba la Uhuru" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neatkar%C4%ABbas_pils" title="Neatkarības pils – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neatkarības pils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepriklausomyb%C4%97s_r%C5%ABmai_(Pensilvanija)" title="Nepriklausomybės rūmai (Pensilvanija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nepriklausomybės rūmai (Pensilvanija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сала на независноста – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сала на независноста" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇൻഡിപെൻഡൻസ് ഹാൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇൻഡിപെൻഡൻസ് ഹാൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="قاعة الاستقلال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قاعة الاستقلال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%81%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99" title="လွတ်လပ်ရေး ခန်းမ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လွတ်လပ်ရေး ခန်းမ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" title="独立記念館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独立記念館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84" title="انڈیپینڈنس ہال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انڈیپینڈنس ہال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Индепенденс-холл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индепенденс-холл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="อินดิเพนเดนซ์ฮอลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินดิเพนเดนซ์ฮอลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Індепенденс-голл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індепенденс-голл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Independence Hall" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" title="美國獨立紀念館 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國獨立紀念館" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Independence_Hall&params=39_56_56_N_75_9_0_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°56′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°9′0″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.94889°N 75.15000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.94889; -75.15000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Independence Hall (disambiguation)">Independence Hall (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Independence Hall</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall,_Aug_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/250px-Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/375px-Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/500px-Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Independence Hall in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a> were both debated and ratified</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">520 <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)">Chestnut Street</a> between 5th and 6th Streets, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Independence_Hall&params=39_56_56_N_75_9_0_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°56′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°9′0″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.94889°N 75.15000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.94889; -75.15000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Strickland_(architect)" title="William Strickland (architect)">William Strickland</a> (steeple)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architectural style(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">645,564 (in 2005<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a><sup id="cite_ref-nris_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1979 <small>(3rd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/78">78</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_America" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North America">Europe and North America</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #CCFFCC; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark District</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Contributing_Property" class="mw-redirect" title="Contributing Property">Contributing Property</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">October 15, 1966</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">66000683<sup id="cite_ref-nris_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Independence Hall is located in Philadelphia"><img alt="Independence Hall is located in Philadelphia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png/235px-Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png/353px-Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png/470px-Street_map_of_Philadelphia_and_surrounding_area.png 2x" data-file-width="1307" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.776%;left:45.839%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Independence Hall"><img alt="Independence Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Independence Hall in Philadelphia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Philadelphia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Independence Hall is located in Pennsylvania"><img alt="Independence Hall is located in Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg/235px-USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg/353px-USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg/470px-USA_Pennsylvania_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="805" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.972%;left:89.516%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Independence Hall"><img alt="Independence Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Independence Hall (Pennsylvania)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pennsylvania</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Independence Hall is located in the United States"><img alt="Independence Hall is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/235px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/353px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/470px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.85%;left:84.239%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Independence Hall"><img alt="Independence Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Independence Hall (the United States)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Independence Hall</b> is a historic civic building in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a> were debated and adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a>. The structure, which is the centerpiece of <a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a>, was designated a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The construction of Independence Hall, initially called the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Capitol#History" title="Pennsylvania State Capitol">Pennsylvania State House</a>, was completed in 1753. It served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_territorial_capitols_in_the_United_States" title="List of state and territorial capitols in the United States">first capitol</a> of both the colonial-era of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a> and, following American independence, the nation's first capital and the capital of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </p><p>Between 1775 and 1781, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, which appointed <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> as commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> in 1775 and unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence the following year, in 1776, met at Independence Hall. On June 21, 1788, it was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Philadelphia Convention</a>, where the U.S. Constitution, the longest-standing written and codified national constitution in the world, was drafted and ratified.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1915, former-U.S. president <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> presided over a convention at Independence Hall, which including his formal announcement of the formation of the <a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a>, which led to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in 1920 and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_for_construction">Preparation for construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparation for construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg/220px-Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg/330px-Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg/440px-Independence_Hall_Detail_1752.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption><i>Map of Philadelphia and Parts Adjacent</i>, a 1752 map depicting the State House as the appeared and the original bell tower, which had not yet added its clock</figcaption></figure> <p>By the spring of 1729, there were proposals to build a state house in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, and 2,000 <a href="/wiki/British_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="British pound">pounds sterling</a> were committed to the project. A committee including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence_(mayor)" title="Thomas Lawrence (mayor)">Thomas Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kearsley_Mitchell" title="John Kearsley Mitchell">John Kearsley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hamilton_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)">Andrew Hamilton</a> was charged with selecting a site for the building's construction, acquiring plans for it, and contracting a company for its construction. Hamilton and his future son-in-law <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(loyalist)" title="William Allen (loyalist)">William Allen</a>, who was later chief justice of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a>, were named trustees and were authorized to purchase the land for the proposed state house. By October 1730, they had purchased lots on <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)">Chestnut Street</a> for the building.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1732, Hamilton acquired the deed for Lot no. 2 from surveyor David Powell, who was paid for his work on the lot, but tensions began arising among the committee members. Kearsley and Hamilton disagreed on a number of issues concerning the state house. Kearsley, who designed <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Philadelphia" title="Christ Church, Philadelphia">Christ Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Philadelphia)" title="St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Philadelphia)">St. Peter's Church</a> in Philadelphia, had plans for the design, but so did Hamilton. The two men also disagreed on the building's site; Kearsley sought to have it constructed on High Street, which is present-day <a href="/wiki/Market_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Market Street (Philadelphia)">Market Street</a>, and Hamilton favored Chestnut Street. Lawrence said nothing on the matter of its location.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The disagreements escalated to the point where arbitration was needed. On August 8, 1733, Hamilton brought the matter before the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Provincial Assembly</a>. He explained that Kearsley did not approve of his plans for the state house's location and architecture and argued that the assembly had not agreed to these decisions. Three days later, Hamilton showed his plans for the state house to the assembly, which accepted them. On August 14, the assembly sided with Hamilton, granting him full authority over the project, and the current site on the south side of Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth Streets was chosen as its location. Ground was broken for construction soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em;border:1px #ccc solid"><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><div style="position:relative;left:0px;top:0px;width:300px;height:203px"><span style="position:absolute;left:0px;top:0px;z-index:0;width:300px;height:203px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg/300px-HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg/450px-HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg/600px-HABS_measured_drawing_of_the_first_floor_of_Independence_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3355" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></span><div style="position:absolute;left:100px;top:100px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_10.jpg" title="File:Independence Hall 10.jpg"><span title="Assembly Room" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">1</span></a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:200px;top:100px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_6.jpg" title="File:Independence Hall 6.jpg"><span title="Supreme Court Room" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">2</span></a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:150px;top:100px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall,_(interior),_by_Cremer,_James,_1821-1893_3.png" title="File:Independence Hall, (interior), by Cremer, James, 1821-1893 3.png"><span title="Vestibule" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</span></a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:150px;top:50px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Stairway,_Independence_Hall,_by_Cremer,_James,_1821-1893.png" title="File:Stairway, Independence Hall, by Cremer, James, 1821-1893.png"><span title="Tower Stair Hall" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">4</span></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td>Ground floor of Independence Hall<br />(<i>right-click links below for room images</i>)<table style="width:100%;border:1px #ccc solid"><tbody><tr><td style="width:0.5%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_10.jpg" title="File:Independence Hall 10.jpg"><span title="Assembly Room" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">1</span></a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_10.jpg" title="File:Independence Hall 10.jpg">Assembly Room</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_6.jpg" title="File:Independence Hall 6.jpg"><span title="Supreme Court Room" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">2</span></a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_6.jpg" title="File:Independence Hall 6.jpg">Supreme Court Room</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="width:0.5%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall,_(interior),_by_Cremer,_James,_1821-1893_3.png" title="File:Independence Hall, (interior), by Cremer, James, 1821-1893 3.png"><span title="Vestibule" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</span></a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall,_(interior),_by_Cremer,_James,_1821-1893_3.png" title="File:Independence Hall, (interior), by Cremer, James, 1821-1893 3.png">Vestibule</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/File:Stairway,_Independence_Hall,_by_Cremer,_James,_1821-1893.png" title="File:Stairway, Independence Hall, by Cremer, James, 1821-1893.png"><span title="Tower Stair Hall" style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">4</span></a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/File:Stairway,_Independence_Hall,_by_Cremer,_James,_1821-1893.png" title="File:Stairway, Independence Hall, by Cremer, James, 1821-1893.png">Tower Stair Hall</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Independence Hall has a red brick facade, designed in <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian style</a>. It consists of a central building with belltower and steeple, attached to two smaller wings via arcaded <a href="/wiki/Hyphen_(architecture)" title="Hyphen (architecture)">hyphens</a>. The highest point to the tip of the steeple spire is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>168 feet <span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (51.391 m) above the ground. </p><p>The State House was built between 1732 and 1753, designed by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Woolley" title="Edmund Woolley">Edmund Woolley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hamilton_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)">Andrew Hamilton</a>, and built by Woolley. Its construction was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania colonial legislature</a> which paid for construction as funds were available, so it was finished piecemeal.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially inhabited by the colonial government of Pennsylvania as its State House, from 1732 to 1799.<sup id="cite_ref-WldHeritageSite_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WldHeritageSite-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1752, when <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Norris_(statesman)" title="Isaac Norris (statesman)">Isaac Norris</a> was selecting a man to build the first clock for the State House he chose <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stretch" title="Thomas Stretch">Thomas Stretch</a>, the son of Peter Stretch his old friend and fellow council member, to do the job.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1753, Stretch erected a giant clock at the building's west end that resembled a tall clock (<a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clock" title="Grandfather clock">grandfather clock</a>). The 40-foot-tall (12 m) limestone base was capped with a 14-foot (4.3 m) wooden case surrounding the clock's face, which was carved by cabinetmaker <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Harding_(cabinetmaker)" title="Samuel Harding (cabinetmaker)">Samuel Harding</a>. The clock was removed about 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazier_1974_287_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazier_1974_287-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clock's dials were mounted at the east and west ends of the main building connected by rods to the clock movement in the middle of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new clock was designed and installed by Isaiah Lukens in 1828. The Lukens clock ran consecutively for eight days, "with four copper dials on each side that measured eight feet in diameter and clockworks that ensured sufficient power to strike the four-thousand pound bell made by John Wilbank." The Lukens clock remained in Independence Hall until 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The acquisition of the original clock and bell by the Pennsylvania Colonial Assembly is closely related to the acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a>. By mid-1753, the clock had been installed in the State House attic, but it was six years before Thomas Stretch received any pay for it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demolition_and_reconstruction">Demolition and reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Demolition and reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the shell of the central portion of the building is original, the side wings, steeple and much of the interior were reconstructed much later. In 1781, the Pennsylvania Assembly had the wooden steeple removed from the main building. The steeple had rotted and weakened to a dangerous extent by 1773, but it was not until 1781 that the Assembly had it removed and had the brick tower covered with a hipped roof.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more elaborate steeple, designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Strickland_(architect)" title="William Strickland (architect)">William Strickland</a>, was added in 1828. </p><p>The original wings and <a href="/wiki/Hyphen_(architecture)" title="Hyphen (architecture)">hyphens</a> (connecting corridors) were demolished and replaced in 1812. In 1898, these were in turn demolished and replaced with reconstructions of the original wings. </p><p>The building was renovated numerous times in the 19th and 20th century. The current interior is a mid-20th-century reconstruction by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> with the public rooms restored to their 18th-century appearance. </p><p>During the summer of 1973, a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stretch#Clockmaker" title="Thomas Stretch">Thomas Stretch clock</a> was restored to Independence Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazier_1974_287_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazier_1974_287-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second-floor Governor's Council Chamber, furnished with important examples of the era by the National Park Service, includes a musical tall case clock made by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stretch" title="Peter Stretch">Peter Stretch</a>, c. 1740, one of the most prominent clockmakers in early America and father of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stretch" title="Thomas Stretch">Thomas Stretch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Two smaller buildings adjoin the wings of Independence Hall: <a href="/wiki/Old_City_Hall_(Philadelphia)" title="Old City Hall (Philadelphia)">Old City Hall</a> to the east, and <a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall</a> to the west. These three buildings are together on a <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">city block</a> known as Independence Square, along with <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Hall" title="Philosophical Hall">Philosophical Hall</a>, the original home of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>. Since its construction in the mid-20th century, to the north has been Independence Mall, which includes the current home of the Liberty Bell.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Independence Hall in 1799, with the wooden steeple removed"><img alt="Independence Hall in 1799, with the wooden steeple removed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg/120px-Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg/180px-Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg/240px-Birch%27s_Views_Plate_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11689" data-file-height="9729" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Independence Hall in 1799, with the wooden steeple removed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor%27s_Council_Chamber,_Independence_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Governor's Council Chamber"><img alt="The Governor's Council Chamber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Governor%27s_Council_Chamber%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/120px-Governor%27s_Council_Chamber%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Governor%27s_Council_Chamber%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/180px-Governor%27s_Council_Chamber%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Governor%27s_Council_Chamber%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/240px-Governor%27s_Council_Chamber%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Governor's Council Chamber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_Room,_Independence_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Supreme Court Room"><img alt="The Supreme Court Room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Supreme_Court_Room%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/120px-Supreme_Court_Room%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Supreme_Court_Room%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/180px-Supreme_Court_Room%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Supreme_Court_Room%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg/240px-Supreme_Court_Room%2C_Independence_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Supreme Court Room</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall,_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower Stair Hall"><img alt="Tower Stair Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Independence_Hall%2C_interior.jpg/80px-Independence_Hall%2C_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Independence_Hall%2C_interior.jpg/120px-Independence_Hall%2C_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Independence_Hall%2C_interior.jpg/160px-Independence_Hall%2C_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tower Stair Hall</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberty_Bell">Liberty Bell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Liberty Bell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty_Bell,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Liberty_Bell%2C_2016.jpg/220px-Liberty_Bell%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Liberty_Bell%2C_2016.jpg/330px-Liberty_Bell%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Liberty_Bell%2C_2016.jpg/440px-Liberty_Bell%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4836" data-file-height="3224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">The Liberty Bell</a> (foreground) was housed in the highest chamber of the brick tower</figcaption></figure> <p>The lowest chamber of the original wooden steeple was the first home of the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a>. When that steeple was removed in the 1780s the bell was lowered into the highest chamber of the brick tower, where it remained until the 1850s. The much larger Centennial Bell, created for the United States <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial Exposition</a> in 1876, hangs in the cupola of the 1828 steeple. The Liberty Bell, with its distinctive crack, was displayed on the ground floor of the hall from the 1850s until 1976, and is now on display across the street in the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell#Liberty_Bell_Center" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell Center</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declaration_of_Independence_and_Second_Continental_Congress">Declaration of Independence and Second Continental Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Declaration of Independence and Second Continental Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Edward_Savage_-_Congress_Voting_Independence_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Edge_Pine" title="Robert Edge Pine">Robert Edge Pine's</a> 1795 painting <i><a href="/wiki/Congress_Voting_Independence" title="Congress Voting Independence">Congress Voting Independence</a></i>, depicting the Assembly Room as it appeared during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>From May 10, 1775,<sup id="cite_ref-capital_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 1783, the Pennsylvania State House served as the principal meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, a body of representatives from each of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">thirteen British North American colonies</a>. </p><p>On June 14, 1775, delegates of the Continental Congress nominated <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> as commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> in the Assembly Room of the Pennsylvania State House. The Congress appointed <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> to be the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> of what would later become the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">United States Post Office Department</a> on July 26. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> was approved there on July 4, 1776, and the Declaration was read aloud to the public in the area now known as Independence Square. This document unified the colonies in North America who declared themselves independent of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> and explained their justifications for doing so. These historic events are celebrated annually with a national holiday for <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">U.S. Independence Day</a>. There are 56 signatures on the Declaration of Independence, including <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> who signed first, writing his name in very large letters.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prominence of this signature led to the term "John Hancock" or "Hancock" becoming a colloquial term in the United States for one's signature.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Congress continued to meet there until December 12, 1776,<sup id="cite_ref-capital_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Congress evacuated Philadelphia. During the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign#Capture_of_Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia campaign">British occupation</a> of Philadelphia, the Continental Congress met in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland (December 20, 1776 to February 27, 1777). The Congress returned to Philadelphia from March 4, 1777, to September 18, 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1777, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> again arrived to occupy Philadelphia, once again forcing the Continental Congress to abandon the State House. It then met in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, for one day (September 27, 1777) and in York, Pennsylvania, for nine months (September 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778), where the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> were approved in November 1777. The Second Continental Congress again returned to Independence Hall, for its final meetings, from July 2, 1778, to March 1, 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> initially met in Independence Hall, from March 1, 1781, to June 21, 1783.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a>, Congress again moved from Philadelphia in June 1783 to Princeton, New Jersey, and eventually to other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Constitutional_Convention">U.S. Constitutional Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: U.S. Constitutional Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention (United States)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assembly_Room,_Independence_Hall,_Philadelphia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Assembly_Room%2C_Independence_Hall%2C_Philadelphia.jpg/220px-Assembly_Room%2C_Independence_Hall%2C_Philadelphia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Assembly_Room%2C_Independence_Hall%2C_Philadelphia.jpg/330px-Assembly_Room%2C_Independence_Hall%2C_Philadelphia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Assembly_Room%2C_Independence_Hall%2C_Philadelphia.jpg/440px-Assembly_Room%2C_Independence_Hall%2C_Philadelphia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption>The Assembly Room, where the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> were authored and adopted</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1786, commissioners from five states met in the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention</a> to discuss adjustments to the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> that would improve commerce. They invited state representatives to convene in Philadelphia to discuss improvements to the federal government. After debate, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> endorsed the plan to revise the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> on February 21, 1787. Twelve states, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> being the exception, accepted this invitation and sent delegates to convene in June 1787 at Independence Hall. </p><p>The resolution calling the Convention specified its purpose as proposing amendments to the Articles, but the Convention decided to propose a rewritten <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Philadelphia Convention</a> voted to keep deliberations secret, and to keep the Hall's windows shut throughout the hot summer. The result was the drafting of a new fundamental government design. On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed, and took effect on March 4, 1789, when the new Congress met for the first time in New York's <a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article One, Section Eight, of the United States Constitution</a> granted Congress the authority to create a federal district to serve as the national capital. Following the ratification of the Constitution, the Congress, while meeting in New York, passed the <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a> of 1790, which established the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> as the new federal capital. However, a representative from Pennsylvania, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a>, did manage to convince Congress to return to Philadelphia while the new permanent capital was being built. As a result, the Residence Act also declared Philadelphia to be the temporary capital for a period of ten years. The Congress moved back into Philadelphia on December 6, 1790, and met at <a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall</a>, adjacent to Independence Hall, until moving to Washington, D.C., in 1800. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funerary_procession_of_Abraham_Lincoln">Funerary procession of Abraham Lincoln</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Funerary procession of Abraham Lincoln"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Funeral_and_burial_of_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln">Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln</a></div> <p>Following the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s, Lincoln's body and the disinterred coffin of his son Willie, who had predeceased him in 1862, were taken by train from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</a>, for burial. It would essentially retrace the 1,654-mile (2,662 km) route Lincoln had traveled as president-elect in 1861 with deletion of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> and the addition of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. The train left Washington, D.C. for <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> at 8:00 am on April 21, 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-rogerjnorton.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rogerjnorton.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln's funeral train, known as the "Lincoln Special", left <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</a>, on Saturday, April 22, 1865, at 11:15 am and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_Station_(Philadelphia)" title="Broad Street Station (Philadelphia)">Broad Street Station</a> that afternoon at 4:30 pm. It was carried by hearse past a crowd of 85,000 people and was held in state in the Assembly Room in the east wing of Independence Hall. While there, it was escorted and guarded by a detail of 27 naval and military officers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening, a private viewing was arranged for honored guests of the mourners. The next day, (Sunday, April 23, 1865) lines began forming at 5:00 am. Over 300,000 mourners viewed the body – some waiting 5 hours just to see him. The Lincoln Special left Philadelphia's <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Kensington Station</a> for New York City the next morning (Monday, April 24, 1865) at 4:00 am.<sup id="cite_ref-rogerjnorton.com_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rogerjnorton.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="League_to_Enforce_Peace">League to Enforce Peace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: League to Enforce Peace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a></div> <p>The symbolic use of the hall was illustrated on June 17, 1915, where the <a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a> was formed here with former President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> presiding. They proposed an international governing body under which participating nations would commit to "jointly...use...their economic and military forces against any one of their number making war against another" and "to formulate and codify rules of international law".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation">Preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg/220px-C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg/330px-C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg/440px-C_W_Peale_-_The_Artist_in_His_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_in_His_Museum" title="The Artist in His Museum">The Artist in His Museum</a></i>, an 1822 self-portrait by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a> depicting his museum at the Old State House with the Long Room in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The original steeple was demolished in 1781 due to structural problems. The wings and hyphens were demolished in 1812 and replaced by larger buildings designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_(architect)" title="Robert Mills (architect)">Robert Mills</a> and a new, more elaborate steeple designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Strickland_(architect)" title="William Strickland (architect)">William Strickland</a>, constructed in 1828. The north entrance was also rebuilt during this period. </p><p>From 1802 to 1827, artist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a> housed his <a href="/wiki/Peale%27s_Philadelphia_Museum" title="Peale's Philadelphia Museum">Philadelphia Museum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> specimens (including the skeleton of a <a href="/wiki/Mastodon" title="Mastodon">mastodon</a>) and portraits of famous Americans, on the second floor of the Old State House and in the Assembly Room.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_Peale_museum_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_Peale_museum-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Etting_-_Peale_Museum_to_Restoration_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etting_-_Peale_Museum_to_Restoration-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1816, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of Pennsylvania sold the State House to the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Philadelphia">City of Philadelphia</a>, with a contract signed by the governor.<sup id="cite_ref-WldHeritageSite_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WldHeritageSite-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deed, however, was not transferred until more than two years later. Philadelphia has owned the State House and its associated buildings and grounds since that time.<sup id="cite_ref-WldHeritageSite_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WldHeritageSite-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1898, the Mills wings were removed and replaced with replicas of the originals, but the Strickland steeple was left in place.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Independence_Hall.jpg/220px-Independence_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Independence_Hall.jpg/330px-Independence_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Independence_Hall.jpg/440px-Independence_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="1963" /></a><figcaption>Independence Hall in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1948, the building's interior was restored to its original appearance. <a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a> was established by the <a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th U.S. Congress</a> later that year to preserve historical sites associated with the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. Independence National Historical Park comprises a landscaped area of four city blocks, as well as outlying sites that include Independence Square, <a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a> (meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a>), the site of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>'s home, the reconstructed Graff House (where <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> wrote the Declaration of Independence), <a href="/wiki/City_Tavern" title="City Tavern">City Tavern</a> (center of Revolutionary War activities), restored period residences, and several early banks. The park also holds the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a>, Franklin's desk, the <a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Portrait_Gallery" title="Portrait Gallery">portrait gallery</a>, gardens, and libraries. A product of extensive <a href="/wiki/Documentary_research" title="Documentary research">documentary research</a> and archaeology by the federal government, the restoration of Independence Hall and other buildings in the park set standards for other <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservation</a> and stimulated rejuvenation of old Philadelphia. The site, administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, is listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> (joining only three other U.S. man-made monuments still in use, the others being the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Pueblo de Taos</a>, and the combined site of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a>). </p><p>Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell are now protected in a secure zone with entry at security screening buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</a>, as part of a national effort to safeguard historical monuments by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>, pedestrian traffic around Independence Square and part of <a href="/wiki/Independence_Mall_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Mall (Philadelphia)">Independence Mall</a> was restricted by temporary bicycle barriers and park rangers. In 2006, the National Park Service proposed installing a seven-foot security fence around Independence Hall and bisecting Independence Square, a plan that met with opposition from Philadelphia city officials, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Ed Rendell</a>, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2007, the National Park Service plan was revised to eliminate the fence in favor of movable bollards and chains, and also to remove at least some of the temporary barriers to pedestrians and visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg/220px-Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg/330px-Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg/440px-Independence_Hall_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Independence Hall at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$100_series_2006_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/US_%24100_series_2006_reverse.jpg/220px-US_%24100_series_2006_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/US_%24100_series_2006_reverse.jpg/330px-US_%24100_series_2006_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/US_%24100_series_2006_reverse.jpg/440px-US_%24100_series_2006_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7344" data-file-height="3080" /></a><figcaption>The reverse of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">U.S. $100 bill</a>, which has portrayed Independence Hall since 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 16, 1987, Congress met at Independence Hall in an unprecedented joint meeting outside of Washington, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Compromise" title="Connecticut Compromise">Connecticut Compromise</a> that determined the structure of Congress during the Constitutional Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-C-SPAN_Constitution_Bicentennial_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-SPAN_Constitution_Bicentennial-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1989 film <i><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)">A More Perfect Union</a></i>, which portrays the events of the 1787 Constitutional Convention, was largely filmed in Independence Hall. </p><p>Because of its symbolic history, Independence Hall has been used in more recent times as a venue for speeches and protests<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in support of democratic and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> movements. On October 26, 1918, <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomáš Masaryk</a> proclaimed the independence of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> on the steps of Independence Hall. <a href="/wiki/National_Freedom_Day" title="National Freedom Day">National Freedom Day</a>, which commemorates the struggles of African Americans for equality and justice, has been celebrated at Independence Hall since 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Independence Day, July 4, 1962, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> gave an address there.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Annual demonstrations organized by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Regional_Conference_of_Homophile_Organizations" title="Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations">East Coast Homophile Organizations</a> advocating for <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> were held in front of Independence Hall each July 4 from 1965 to 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independence Hall has been pictured on the back of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_one_hundred-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="United States one hundred-dollar bill">$100 bill</a> since 1928, and was depicted on the 1975-76 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">bicentennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a>. The Assembly Room is pictured on the reverse of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">U.S. two-dollar bill</a>, from the original painting by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a> entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Trumbull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)">Declaration of Independence</a></i>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1956 U.S. postal stamp"><img alt="A 1956 U.S. postal stamp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg/120px-Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg/180px-Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg/240px-Independence_Hall_1956_Issue-10c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1956 U.S. postal stamp</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1974 U.S. postal stamp"><img alt="A 1974 U.S. postal stamp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/120px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/180px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg/240px-American_Revolution_Bicentennial_Independence_Hall_10c_1974_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1974 U.S. postal stamp</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_(rev).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The reverse side of the 1975-1976 Bicentennial Kennedy half dollar"><img alt="The reverse side of the 1975-1976 Bicentennial Kennedy half dollar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_%28rev%29.jpg/120px-1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_%28rev%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_%28rev%29.jpg/180px-1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_%28rev%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_%28rev%29.jpg/240px-1976-S_50C_Clad_Deep_Cameo_%28rev%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1741" data-file-height="1730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The reverse side of the 1975-1976 Bicentennial <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$2_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A U.S. $2 bill"><img alt="A U.S. $2 bill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/US_%242_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg/120px-US_%242_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/US_%242_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg/180px-US_%242_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/US_%242_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg/240px-US_%242_bill_reverse_series_2003_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3684" data-file-height="1563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A U.S. $2 bill</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replicas">Replicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Replicas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall_replicas_and_derivatives" title="Independence Hall replicas and derivatives">Independence Hall replicas and derivatives</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Henry_Ford_Museum_(53623974456).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Henry_Ford_Museum_%2853623974456%29.jpg/220px-The_Henry_Ford_Museum_%2853623974456%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Henry_Ford_Museum_%2853623974456%29.jpg/330px-The_Henry_Ford_Museum_%2853623974456%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Henry_Ford_Museum_%2853623974456%29.jpg/440px-The_Henry_Ford_Museum_%2853623974456%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption>The clock tower at <a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Ford" title="The Henry Ford">The Henry Ford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn, Michigan</a>, one of several replicas of Independence Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Independence Hall served as the model for the Pennsylvania Building at the 1893 <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a>, the Pennsylvania Building at the 1907 <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Exposition" title="Jamestown Exposition">Jamestown Exposition</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Pennsylvania Pavilion at the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dozens of structures replicating or loosely inspired by Independence Hall's iconic design have been built elsewhere in the United States, including a brick-by-brick replica across from Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia" title="Portal:Philadelphia">Philadelphia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_Hall_(Philadelphia)" title="Old City Hall (Philadelphia)">Old City Hall</a>, meeting place of the Supreme Court</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States</a></i>, 1940 <a href="/wiki/Howard_Chandler_Christy" title="Howard Chandler Christy">Howard Chandler Christy</a> painting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a>, the inkstand used at both the <a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Signing of the Declaration of Independence">signing of the Declaration of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Signing of the United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During this time period, American diplomats were negotiating the terms of peace with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. See: <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Paris_(1783)#Treaty_with_the_United_States_of_America" title="Peace of Paris (1783)">Peace of Paris (1783)#Treaty with the United States of America</a>. Based on preliminary articles made on November 30, 1782, and approved by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> on April 15, 1783, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a> was signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified by Congress on January 14, 1784, formally ending the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">thirteen former colonies</a> which on <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">July 4, 1776</a>, had formed the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/inde/management-documents.htm">"Management Documents"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Management+Documents&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Finde%2Fmanagement-documents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nris_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nris_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. March 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2009-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/78/">"Independence Hall"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Independence+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F78%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politifact.com/virginia/statements/2014/sep/22/bob-goodlatte/goodlatte-says-us-has-oldest-working-national-cons/">Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national constitution</a>, Politifact Virginia website, September 22, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New York Times</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1915/06/18/archives/league-to-enforce-peace-is-launched-american-branch-of-proposed.html">"League to Enforce Peace is Launched," June 18, 1915</a>, accessed January 2, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning1916" class="citation journal cs1">Browning, Charles H. (1916). "The State House Yard, and Who Owned It First after William Penn". <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>40</b> (1): 87–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+State+House+Yard%2C+and+Who+Owned+It+First+after+William+Penn&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-89&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowning1916">Browning (1916)</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley1953" class="citation journal cs1">Riley, Edward M. (1953). "The Independence Hall Group". <i>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>43</b> (1). 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U.S. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+Special+Feature+May+2007&rft.atitle=Jamestown+Exposition+Site%2C+Norfolk+City%2C+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Ffeature%2FJamestown%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035653/http://www.1939nyworldsfair.com/worlds_fair/wf_tour/court_of_states/pennsylvania.htm">"Pennsylvania"</a>. <i>1939 New York World's Fair</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1939+New+York+World%27s+Fair&rft.atitle=Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1939nyworldsfair.com%2Fworlds_fair%2Fwf_tour%2Fcourt_of_states%2Fpennsylvania.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall" class="extiw" title="commons:Independence Hall"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Independence Hall</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Independence Hall</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Independence+Hall&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Independence+Hall">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Independence+Hall&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/inde/">Independence National Historical Park</a>. National Park Service official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/archive/inde/archeology/archeology3.htm">Archeology at the site</a>. National Park Service official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/132independence/132independence.htm"><i>Independence Hall: International Symbol of Freedom,</i> a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan</a>. National Park Service official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushistory.org/tour/independence-hall.htm">Independence Hall</a>. ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association website</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. PA-1430, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/pa0939/">Independence Hall Complex</a>", 708 photos, 8 color transparencies, 45 measured drawings, 66 photo caption pages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalmountainsummit.org/independence-hall.html">Independence Hall. World Heritage Sites</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205160326/http://www.globalmountainsummit.org/independence-hall.html">Archived</a> February 5, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> official webpage. World Heritage Committee</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalmountainsummit.org/independence-hall.html">Independence Hall (at "Satellite View of Independence National Historical Park")</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205160326/http://www.globalmountainsummit.org/independence-hall.html">Archived</a> February 5, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. World Heritage Sites official webpage. World Heritage Committee</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_rAmG3D3lw">Video of the Signing Room at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quiz-tree.com/Declaration-of-Independence-Trumbull.html">Interactive Flash Version of John Trumbull's <i>Declaration of Independence</i></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Records </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Unknown</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of tallest buildings in Pennsylvania">Tallest building in Pennsylvania</a><br /><small>41 metres (135 ft)</small> </b><br />1748–1754 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Philadelphia" title="Christ Church, Philadelphia">Christ Church</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Unknown</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Philadelphia" title="List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia">Tallest building in Philadelphia</a><br /><small>41 metres (135 ft)</small> </b><br />1748–1754 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Philadelphia" title="Christ Church, Philadelphia">Christ Church</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Template:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Template talk:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Physical history of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> (Massachusetts)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">Josiah Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whipple" title="William Whipple">William Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Thornton" title="Matthew Thornton">Matthew Thornton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery" title="William Ellery">William Ellery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Connecticut_politician)" title="William Williams (Connecticut politician)">William Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott" title="Oliver Wolcott">Oliver Wolcott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lewis" title="Francis Lewis">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Morris" title="Lewis Morris">Lewis Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stockton_(Continental_Congressman)" title="Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)">Richard Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hopkinson" title="Francis Hopkinson">Francis Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="John Hart (New Jersey politician)">John Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Clark" title="Abraham Clark">Abraham Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smith_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Smith (Pennsylvania politician)">James Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Taylor (Pennsylvania politician)">George Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stone" title="Thomas Stone">Thomas Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wythe" title="George Wythe">George Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_Jr." title="Thomas Nelson Jr.">Thomas Nelson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee" title="Francis Lightfoot Lee">Francis Lightfoot Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Braxton" title="Carter Braxton">Carter Braxton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Penn (North Carolina politician)">John Penn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heyward_Jr." title="Thomas Heyward Jr.">Thomas Heyward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Jr." title="Thomas Lynch Jr.">Thomas Lynch Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Middleton" title="Arthur Middleton">Arthur Middleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Button Gwinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Lyman Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">George Walton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegates voting<br />for Independence<br />(did not sign)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>New York</b>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">Robert R. Livingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a><br /> <b>Maryland</b>: <a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Rogers (Continental Congress)">John Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Virginia Declaration of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grievances_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence">27 grievances</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Document's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Matlack" title="Timothy Matlack">Timothy Matlack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li>Anniversaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a> (Washington, D.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signers_Monument" title="Signers Monument">Signers Monument (Georgia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Voting_Independence" title="Congress Voting Independence">Pine portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)">Trumbull portrait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constitution_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constitution of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constitution_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Preamble to the United States Constitution">Preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Seven_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Seven of the United States Constitution">VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Amendments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Third Amendment to the United States Constitution">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1795–1804</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Unratified</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment" title="Congressional Apportionment Amendment">Congressional Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Nobility_Amendment" title="Titles of Nobility Amendment">Titles of Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corwin_Amendment" title="Corwin Amendment">Corwin Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Labor_Amendment" title="Child Labor Amendment">Child Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment" title="District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment">District of Columbia Voting Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of proposed amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget_amendment" title="Balanced budget amendment">Balanced budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_amendment" title="Campaign finance reform amendment">Campaign finance reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_amendment" title="Christian amendment">Christian amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_abolition_amendment" title="Electoral College abolition amendment">Electoral College abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Opportunity_to_Govern_Amendment" title="Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment">Equal Opportunity to Govern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Desecration_Amendment" title="Flag Desecration Amendment">Flag Desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Life_Amendment" title="Human Life Amendment">Human Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_%22Liberty%22_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution">"Liberty" amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Amendment" title="Ludlow Amendment">Ludlow amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution">Parental Rights amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_Prayer_Amendment" title="School Prayer Amendment">School Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_subject_amendment" title="Single subject amendment">Single subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims%27_Rights_Amendment" title="Victims' Rights Amendment">Victims' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution">Convention to propose amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ratifying_conventions" title="State ratifying conventions">State ratifying conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="History of the United States Constitution">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)" title="Annapolis Convention (1786)">Annapolis Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Philadelphia Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Plan" title="Virginia Plan">Virginia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Plan" title="New Jersey Plan">New Jersey Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Compromise" title="Connecticut Compromise">Connecticut Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-fifths_Compromise" title="Three-fifths Compromise">Three-fifths Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Detail" title="Committee of Detail">Committee of Detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framers" class="mw-redirect" title="Framers">List of Framers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Signing of the United States Constitution">Signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Printing of the United States Constitution">Printing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_Papers" title="Anti-Federalist Papers">Anti-Federalist Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Compromise" title="Massachusetts Compromise">Massachusetts Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" title="Virginia Ratifying Convention">Virginia Ratifying Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Circular_Letter" title="New York Circular Letter">New York Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Convention" title="Hillsborough Convention">Hillsborough Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville_Convention" title="Fayetteville Convention">Fayetteville Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution_by_Rhode_Island" title="Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island">Rhode Island ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">Drafting and ratification timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_clauses_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="List of clauses of the United States Constitution">Clauses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointments_Clause" title="Appointments Clause">Appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition_in_the_United_States" title="Right to petition in the United States">Assemble and Petition Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistance_of_Counsel_Clause" title="Assistance of Counsel Clause">Assistance of Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_or_Controversy_Clause" title="Case or Controversy Clause">Case or Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_Clause" title="Citizenship Clause">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Process_Clause" title="Compulsory Process Clause">Compulsory Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confrontation_Clause" title="Confrontation Clause">Confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Congressional enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright and Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Jeopardy_Clause" title="Double Jeopardy Clause">Double Jeopardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections clause">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_Clause" title="Engagements Clause">Engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Original_and_appellate_jurisdiction" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Exceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessive_Bail_Clause" title="Excessive Bail Clause">Excessive Bail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law#United_States" title="Ex post facto law">Ex Post Facto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradition_Clause" title="Extradition Clause">Extradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause" title="Free Exercise Clause">Free Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of the press in the United States">Freedom of the Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">Freedom of Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Clause" title="Fugitive Slave Clause">Fugitive Slave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Faith_and_Credit_Clause" title="Full Faith and Credit Clause">Full Faith and Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause#General_Welfare_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">General Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarantee_Clause" title="Guarantee Clause">Guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">House Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import-Export_Clause" title="Import-Export Clause">Import-Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineligibility_Clause" title="Ineligibility Clause">Ineligibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)" title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)">Natural-born citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">Necessary and Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Religious_Test_Clause" title="No Religious Test Clause">No Religious Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Oath of office of the president of the United States">Oath or Affirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States">Original Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origination_Clause" title="Origination Clause">Origination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_pardons_in_the_United_States" title="Federal pardons in the United States">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Clause" title="Postal Clause">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentment_Clause" title="Presentment Clause">Presentment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Presidential Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Presidential succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges and Immunities Clause">Privileges and Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileges_or_Immunities_Clause" title="Privileges or Immunities Clause">Privileges or Immunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_2:_Making_recommendations_to_Congress" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Self-incrimination" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Self-Incrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Speech or Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Trial_Clause" title="Speedy Trial Clause">Speedy Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_1:_State_of_the_Union" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">State of the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause">Supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_5:_Caring_for_the_faithful_execution_of_the_law" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Take Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Eminent_domain" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Takings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing and Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Federal_property_and_the_Territorial_Clause" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Territorial</a></li> <li>Title of Nobility (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Emoluments_Clause" title="Foreign Emoluments Clause">Foreign Emoluments</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_trial#United_States" title="Jury trial">Trial by Jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_Clauses" title="Vesting Clauses">Vesting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Legislative_Vesting_Clause" title="Legislative Vesting Clause">Legislative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Executive_Vesting_Clause" title="Executive Vesting Clause">Executive</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Vesting_Clause" title="Judicial Vesting Clause">Judicial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicinage_Clause" title="Vicinage Clause">Vicinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Clause" title="War Powers Clause">War Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interpretation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(federalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power (federalism)">Balance of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_powers" title="Concurrent powers">Concurrent powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the_United_States" title="Constitutional law of the United States">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_criminal_procedure" title="United States constitutional criminal procedure">Criminal procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_sentencing_law" title="United States constitutional sentencing law">Criminal sentencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">Dormant Commerce Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enumerated_powers_(United_States)" title="Enumerated powers (United States)">Enumerated powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_footing" title="Equal footing">Equal footing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_privilege" title="Executive privilege">Executive privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implied_powers" title="Implied powers">Implied powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_the_Bill_of_Rights" title="Incorporation of the Bill of Rights">Incorporation of the Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_the_United_States" title="Judicial review in the United States">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondelegation_doctrine#United_States" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenary_power" title="Plenary power">Plenary power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">Preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_powers" title="Reserved powers">Reserved powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_federalism" title="Symmetric federalism">Symmetric federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_constitutional_arguments" title="Tax protester constitutional arguments">Taxation power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Framers" class="mw-redirect" title="Framers">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convention President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gilman" title="Nicholas Gilman">Nicholas Gilman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Gorham" title="Nathaniel Gorham">Nathaniel Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Johnson" title="William Samuel Johnson">William Samuel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Livingston" title="William Livingston">William Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brearley" title="David Brearley">David Brearley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)" title="William Paterson (judge)">William Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunning_Bedford_Jr." title="Gunning Bedford Jr.">Gunning Bedford Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)" title="Richard Bassett (Delaware politician)">Richard Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Broom" title="Jacob Broom">Jacob Broom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McHenry" title="James McHenry">James McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer" title="Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer">Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Jr." title="John Blair Jr.">John Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Blount" title="William Blount">William Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dobbs_Spaight" title="Richard Dobbs Spaight">Richard Dobbs Spaight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Williamson" title="Hugh Williamson">Hugh Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles Cotesworth Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">Charles Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(American_politician)" title="Pierce Butler (American politician)">Pierce Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Few" title="William Few">William Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Abraham Baldwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convention Secretary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(secretary)" title="William Jackson (secretary)">William Jackson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_Debates_in_the_Federal_Convention_of_1787" title="Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787">Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Shallus" title="Jacob Shallus">Jacob Shallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Bibliography of the United States Constitution">Bibliography of the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Mall_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Mall (Philadelphia)">Independence Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_and_Citizenship_Day" title="Constitution Day and Citizenship Day">Constitution Day and Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Week" title="Constitution Week">Constitution Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center" title="National Constitution Center">National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution</a></i> (painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)">A More Perfect Union</a></i> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_influence_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Worldwide influence of the Constitution of the United States">Worldwide influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pennsylvania_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Articles of Association</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/120px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/180px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg/240px-Independence_Hall_belltower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1775</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1776</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Conference" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Conference">Pennsylvania Provincial Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington Crosses the Delaware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1777</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Clouds" title="Battle of the Clouds">Battle of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell#Early_days_(1754–1846)" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell moved to Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paoli" title="Battle of Paoli">Battle of Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Siege of Fort Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matson%27s_Ford" title="Battle of Matson's Ford">Battle of Matson's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1778</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crooked_Billet" title="Battle of Crooked Billet">Battle of Crooked Billet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">British occupation of Philadelphia ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyoming" title="Battle of Wyoming">Wyoming Valley battle and massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1781</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1783</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">1783 Mutiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Ceremonial_Earthworks" title="Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks">Hopewell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park">Everglades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a> <small>and the</small> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Missions_(World_Heritage_Site)" title="San Antonio Missions (World Heritage Site)">San Antonio Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park">Carlsbad Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park">Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kluane_/_Wrangell%E2%80%93St._Elias_/_Glacier_Bay_/_Tatshenshini-Alsek" title="Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek">Kluane-Wrangell–St. Elias-Glacier Bay-Tatshenshini-Alsek</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park">Olympic National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Pueblo de Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument" title="Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument">Papahānaumokuākea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks">Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterton-Glacier_International_Peace_Park" title="Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park">Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright">The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Fortaleza_and_San_Juan_National_Historic_Site_in_Puerto_Rico" title="La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico">La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Canada" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Canada">Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_the_United_States_under_the_Articles_of_Confederation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confederation_Government" title="Template:Confederation Government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Confederation_Government" title="Template talk:Confederation Government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confederation_Government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confederation Government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_the_United_States_under_the_Articles_of_Confederation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government of the United States under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Congresses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_States" title="Committee of the States">Committee of the States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Congressional Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Secretary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Offices/Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finance_of_the_United_States" title="Superintendent of Finance of the United States">Superintendent of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Agent of the Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_War" title="Board of War">Board of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Commander in Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Continental Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Continental Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meeting sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall (1779–1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall" title="Nassau Hall">Nassau Hall (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_House" title="Maryland State House">Maryland State House (1783–1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Arms_Tavern" title="French Arms Tavern">French Arms Tavern (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall (1785–1789)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Congress_Proclamation_of_1783" title="Confederation Congress Proclamation of 1783">Proclamation of 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Day_(United_States)" title="Ratification Day (United States)">Ratification Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1784" title="Land Ordinance of 1784">1784 Land Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">1785 Land Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Philadelphia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philadelphia" title="Template:Philadelphia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #115AAC">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philadelphia" title="Template talk:Philadelphia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #115AAC">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philadelphia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philadelphia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #115AAC">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Philadelphia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Philadelphia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #115AAC; text-decoration: inherit;">City of Philadelphia</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philadelphia" title="History of Philadelphia">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philadelphia" title="Timeline of Philadelphia">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Philadelphia" title="Architecture of Philadelphia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Philadelphia" title="Bibliography of Philadelphia">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_the_Philadelphia_area" title="List of companies based in the Philadelphia area">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Philadelphia" title="Cuisine of Philadelphia">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Philadelphia" title="Culture of Philadelphia">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Philadelphia" title="Demographics of Philadelphia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Philadelphia" title="Economy of Philadelphia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Philadelphia" title="Education in Philadelphia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Philadelphia" title="Media in Philadelphia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Philadelphia" title="Music of Philadelphia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Philadelphia" title="List of people from Philadelphia">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots_in_Philadelphia" title="List of riots in Philadelphia">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Philadelphia" title="List of tourist attractions in Philadelphia">Sites of interest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Philadelphia" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia">Historic Landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Philadelphia" title="List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Philadelphia" title="Transportation in Philadelphia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia#Law_and_government" title="Philadelphia">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Philadelphia" title="Mayor of Philadelphia">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Council" title="Philadelphia City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Attorney_of_Philadelphia" title="District Attorney of Philadelphia">District Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_International_Airport" title="Philadelphia International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Fire_Department" title="Philadelphia Fire Department">Fire Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Library_of_Philadelphia" title="Free Library of Philadelphia">Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Police_Department" title="Philadelphia Police Department">Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_District_of_Philadelphia" title="School District of Philadelphia">School district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philadelphia_neighborhoods" title="List of Philadelphia neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_City,_Philadelphia" title="Center City, Philadelphia">Center City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Philadelphia" title="North Philadelphia">North Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_North_Philadelphia" title="Lower North Philadelphia">Lower North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_North_Philadelphia" title="Upper North Philadelphia">Upper North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olney-Oak_Lane,_Philadelphia" title="Olney-Oak Lane, Philadelphia">Olney-Oak Lane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Philadelphia" title="Northeast Philadelphia">Northeast Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Wards,_Philadelphia" title="River Wards, Philadelphia">River Wards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Philadelphia" title="Northwest Philadelphia">Northwest Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Philadelphia" title="South Philadelphia">South Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Philadelphia" title="Southwest Philadelphia">Southwest Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Philadelphia" title="West Philadelphia">West Philadelphia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Philadelphia" title="List of museums in Philadelphia">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences_of_Drexel_University" title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_Museum_in_Philadelphia" title="African American Museum in Philadelphia">African American Museum in Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Swedish_Historical_Museum" title="American Swedish Historical Museum">American Swedish Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_of_Philadelphia" title="Athenaeum of Philadelphia">Athenaeum of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Foundation" title="Barnes Foundation">Barnes Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartram%27s_Garden" title="Bartram's Garden">Bartram's Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Mansion_(Philadelphia)" title="Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)">Belmont Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_House" title="Betsy Ross House">Betsy Ross House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Museum_of_Philadelphia" title="Civil War Museum of Philadelphia">Civil War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_(Benjamin_Chew_House)" title="Cliveden (Benjamin Chew House)">Cliveden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Penitentiary" title="Eastern State Penitentiary">Eastern State Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Maxwell_House" title="Ebenezer Maxwell House">Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_National_Historic_Site" title="Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site">Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfreth%27s_Alley" title="Elfreth's Alley">Elfreth's Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabric_Workshop_and_Museum" title="The Fabric Workshop and Museum">Fabric Workshop and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Water_Works" title="Fairmount Water Works">Fairmount Water Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Fort Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Foerd_on_the_Delaware" title="Glen Foerd on the Delaware">Glen Foerd on the Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruan_House" title="John Ruan House">Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumblethorpe" title="Grumblethorpe">Grumblethorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill%E2%80%93Physick%E2%80%93Keith_House" title="Hill–Physick–Keith House">Hill–Physick–Keith House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Strawberry_Mansion" title="Historic Strawberry Mansion">Historic Strawberry Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Frankford" title="Historical Society of Frankford">Historical Society of Frankford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Seaport_Museum" title="Independence Seaport Museum">Independence Seaport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectarium_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectarium (Philadelphia)">Insectarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Philadelphia" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia">Institute of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Johnson_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" title="John Johnson House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">John Johnson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruan_House" title="John Ruan House">John Ruan House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_University_Art_Museum" title="La Salle University Art Museum">La Salle University Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Hill" title="Lemon Hill">Lemon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson_House" title="Marian Anderson House">Marian Anderson Residence Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Pennsylvania#The_Masonic_Temple,_Library,_and_Museum" title="Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania">Masonic Temple, Library, and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCtter_Museum" title="Mütter Museum">Mütter Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center" title="National Constitution Center">National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberty_Museum" title="National Liberty Museum">National Liberty Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_Jewish_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of American Jewish History">National Museum of American Jewish History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_History_Museum" title="Philadelphia History Museum">Philadelphia History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia%27s_Magic_Gardens" title="Philadelphia's Magic Gardens">Philadelphia's Magic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Please_Touch_Museum" title="Please Touch Museum">Please Touch Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powel_House" title="Powel House">Powel House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_RittenhouseTown" title="Historic RittenhouseTown">RittenhouseTown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Museum" title="Rodin Museum">Rodin Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library" title="Rosenbach Museum and Library">Rosenbach Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryerss_Mansion" title="Ryerss Mansion">Ryerss Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_History_Institute" title="Science History Institute">Science History Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofuso_Japanese_House_and_Garden" title="Shofuso Japanese House and Garden">Shofuso Japanese House and Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenton_(mansion)" title="Stenton (mansion)">Stenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Kosciuszko_National_Memorial" title="Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial">Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Museum" title="Penn Museum">Penn Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Free_Institute_of_Science" title="Wagner Free Institute of Science">Wagner Free Institute of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmere_Art_Museum" title="Woodmere Art Museum">Woodmere Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyck_House" title="Wyck House">Wyck House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Philadelphia" title="Sports in Philadelphia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_76ers" title="Philadelphia 76ers">76ers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Flyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Freedoms" title="Philadelphia Freedoms">Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Phillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Union" title="Philadelphia Union">Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilworth_Park" title="Dilworth Park">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Square_(Philadelphia)" title="Franklin Square (Philadelphia)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Circle_(Philadelphia)" title="Logan Circle (Philadelphia)">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rittenhouse_Square" title="Rittenhouse Square">Rittenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(Philadelphia)" title="Washington Square (Philadelphia)">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_United_States" title="SS United States">SS <i>United States</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philadelphia" title="Category:Philadelphia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia" title="Portal:Philadelphia">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Museums_in_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_in_Pennsylvania" title="Template:Museums in Pennsylvania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_in_Pennsylvania" title="Template talk:Museums in Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_in_Pennsylvania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums in Pennsylvania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_in_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of museums in Pennsylvania">Museums in Pennsylvania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown_Art_Museum" title="Allentown Art Museum">Allentown Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Andy_Warhol_Museum" title="The Andy Warhol Museum">Andy Warhol Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_of_Philadelphia" title="Athenaeum of Philadelphia">Athenaeum of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Foundation" title="Barnes Foundation">Barnes Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandywine_River_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandywine River Museum">Brandywine River Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Art" title="Carnegie Museum of Art">Carnegie Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clemente_Museum" title="The Clemente Museum">The Clemente Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demuth_Museum" title="Demuth Museum">Demuth Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshong_Art_Museum" title="Deshong Art Museum">Deshong Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Art_Museum" title="Erie Art Museum">Erie Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frick_Pittsburgh" title="The Frick Pittsburgh">The Frick Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Philadelphia" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia">Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_University#La_Salle_University_Art_Museum" title="La Salle University">La Salle University Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattress_Factory" title="Mattress Factory">Mattress Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener_Art_Museum" title="James A. Michener Art Museum">Michener Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Gallery_at_Carnegie_Mellon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller Gallery at Carnegie Mellon University">Miller Gallery at Carnegie Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Museum_of_Art" title="Palmer Museum of Art">Palmer Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Glass_Center" title="Pittsburgh Glass Center">Pittsburgh Glass Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randyland" title="Randyland">Randyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Public_Museum" title="Reading Public Museum">Reading Public Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Museum" title="Rodin Museum">Rodin Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_Art_Museum" title="Susquehanna Art Museum">Susquehanna Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Art_Center" title="Wayne Art Center">Wayne Art Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Westmoreland Museum of American Art">Westmoreland Museum of American Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmere_Art_Museum" title="Woodmere Art Museum">Woodmere Art Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History, culture,<br />and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_American_Museum_in_Philadelphia" title="African American Museum in Philadelphia">African American Museum in Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Museum" title="American Jewish Museum">American Jewish Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Swedish_Historical_Museum" title="American Swedish Historical Museum">American Swedish Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Heaven" title="Bicycle Heaven">Bicycle Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Museum_of_Philadelphia" title="Civil War Museum of Philadelphia">Civil War Museum of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Maritime_Museum" title="Erie Maritime Museum">Erie Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Museum_and_Visitor_Center" title="Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center">Gettysburg Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_History_Center" title="Heinz History Center">Heinz History Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Seaport_Museum" title="Independence Seaport Museum">Independence Seaport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnstown_Flood_Museum" title="Johnstown Flood Museum">Johnstown Flood Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Pennsylvania" title="Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania">Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_Museum" title="Mercer Museum">Mercer Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Indian_Culture" title="Museum of Indian Culture">Museum of Indian Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_War_Museum" title="National Civil War Museum">National Civil War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center" title="National Constitution Center">National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Rooms" title="Nationality Rooms">Nationality Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_History_Museum" title="Philadelphia History Museum">Philadelphia History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library" title="Rosenbach Museum and Library">Rosenbach Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Museum_of_Pennsylvania" title="State Museum of Pennsylvania">State Museum of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Heritage_and_Education_Center" title="U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center">U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology">University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weitzman_National_Museum_of_American_Jewish_History" title="Weitzman National Museum of American Jewish History">Weitzman National Museum of American Jewish History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science, technology,<br /> and industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences_of_Drexel_University" title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_on_Wheels" title="America on Wheels">America on Wheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Carnegie Museum of Natural History">Carnegie Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Science_Center" title="Carnegie Science Center">Carnegie Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_PostNatural_History" title="Center for PostNatural History">Center for PostNatural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choo_Choo_Barn" title="Choo Choo Barn">Choo Choo Barn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Vinci_Science_Center" title="Da Vinci Science Center">Da Vinci Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County_Institute_of_Science" title="Delaware County Institute of Science">Delaware County Institute of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_Well_Museum" title="Drake Well Museum">Drake Well Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everhart_Museum" title="Everhart Museum">Everhart Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Railroad_%26_Village" title="Miniature Railroad & Village">Miniature Railroad & Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCtter_Museum" title="Mütter Museum">Mütter Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Toy_Train_Museum" title="National Toy Train Museum">National Toy Train Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science" title="North Museum of Nature and Science">North Museum of Nature and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Anthracite_Heritage_Museum" title="Pennsylvania Anthracite Heritage Museum">Pennsylvania Anthracite Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Museum_of_Pennsylvania" title="Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania">Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroaders_Memorial_Museum" title="Railroaders Memorial Museum">Railroaders Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Railroad_Heritage_Museum" title="Reading Railroad Heritage Museum">Reading Railroad Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_America" title="Roadside America">Roadside America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_History_Institute" title="Science History Institute">Science History Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamtown_National_Historic_Site" title="Steamtown National Historic Site">Steamtown National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Free_Institute_of_Science" title="Wagner Free Institute of Science">Wagner Free Institute of Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Pittsburgh" title="Children's Museum of Pittsburgh">Children's Museum of Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Please_Touch_Museum" title="Please Touch Museum">Please Touch Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_tallest_buildings_in_Philadelphia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buildings_in_Philadelphia_timeline" title="Template:Buildings in Philadelphia timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buildings_in_Philadelphia_timeline" title="Template talk:Buildings in Philadelphia timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_in_Philadelphia_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings in Philadelphia timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_tallest_buildings_in_Philadelphia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Philadelphia" title="List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia">Timeline of tallest buildings in Philadelphia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a> <small>(41 m)</small> (1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Philadelphia" title="Christ Church, Philadelphia">Christ Church, Philadelphia</a> <small>(60 m)</small> (1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Presbyterian_Church" title="Tenth Presbyterian Church">Tenth Presbyterian Church</a> <small>(76 m)</small> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a> <small>(167 m)</small> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Place" title="Liberty Place">One Liberty Place</a> <small>(288 m)</small> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Center" title="Comcast Center">Comcast Center</a> <small>(297 m)</small> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Technology_Center" title="Comcast Technology Center">Comcast Technology Center</a> <small>(342 m)</small> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pennsylvania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buildings_in_Pennsylvania_timeline" title="Template:Buildings in Pennsylvania timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buildings_in_Pennsylvania_timeline" title="Template talk:Buildings in Pennsylvania timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_in_Pennsylvania_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings in Pennsylvania timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pennsylvania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of tallest buildings in Pennsylvania">Timeline of tallest buildings in Pennsylvania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Hall</a> <small>(41 m)</small> (1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Philadelphia" title="Christ Church, Philadelphia">Christ Church, Philadelphia</a> <small>(60 m)</small> (1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Presbyterian_Church" title="Tenth Presbyterian Church">Tenth Presbyterian Church</a> <small>(76 m)</small> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">Philadelphia City Hall</a> <small>(167 m)</small> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Tower" title="Gulf Tower">Gulf Tower</a> <small>(177 m)</small> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel_Tower" title="U.S. Steel Tower">U.S. Steel Tower</a> <small>(256 m)</small> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Place" title="Liberty Place">One Liberty Place</a> <small>(288 m)</small> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Center" title="Comcast Center">Comcast Center</a> <small>(297 m)</small> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Technology_Center" title="Comcast Technology Center">Comcast Technology Center</a> <small>(342 m)</small> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390028#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500311130">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&oldid=1254271119">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Independence_Hall&oldid=1254271119</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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